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Practical Goat Raising

GOATS ARE COMMONLY KNOWN AS

POOR MANS COW LIVING MOWERS NOW

LIVING ASSETS (GOAT IS GOLD)

POTENTIALS OF GOAT RAISING

Animals
Broiler Layer

Capital

Feed Expense

Housing Expense

Overall Mgt.

Integration

Market

Diseases

Contri. in Nutrition

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

OK OK

Duck
Fattener (Swine) Breeder (Swine) Cattle Carabao

X
X X X X
LESS

X
X X
LESS LESS

X
X X
LESS LESS

X
X X

X
X X X X

X
X X

X
X X X X

OK
OK OK OK OK

Goat Sheep

LESS

LESS

EASY

OK

VG

LESS
LESS

OK
OK

LESS

LESS

LESS

EASY

OK

GOAT INVENTORY (as of 2010)

Total Head Count:
4250 4200 4150 4100 4050 4000 3950 3900 3850 3800 2008 2009
Year

By Farm Type:

Population (000 head)

4,182,500

4,177,700

98.53

Backyard Commercial

3,929,200

1.47
2010

Goat Inventories 2010 (BAS)

%Share
Total 100.00 Backyard 98.53 Commercial 1.47 2009 Jul 4182.5 2010 Jan 4177.7 %Change Jul 3929.2 Jul (6.05)

4224.4

4131.4

3871.5 (8.35)

41.7

46.3

57.6

38.13

Source: FGASPAPI, 2010

GOAT: Quarterly Inventory by Region, 2009-2010 (in heads) (BAS, 2010)

INVENTORY REGION JAN 1 PHILIPPINES LUZON CAR REGION I REGION II REGION III CALABARZON MIMAROPA REGION V VISAYAS REGION VI REGION VII REGION VIII MINDANAO REGION IX REGION X REGION XI REGION XII CARAGA A R M M
P- Preliminary

PERCENT CHANGE 2010 2010/2009 JAN 1 (1.05) 0.76 3.49 (6.39) (5.07) 8.88 3.73 3.14 6.76 0.56 (0.23) 3.17 (7.18) (4.52) (25.92) 0.88 4.48 (12.67) (14.47) 2.63 JUL 1 P (6.98) (5.98) (3.23) (12.52) (10.97) 2.64 (1.60) (2.16) (11.63) (6.07) (4.79) (6.25) (12.05) (8.95) (26.29) (1.80) (0.39) (8.17) (14.54) (16.92)

2009 JUL 1 4,224,217 1,577,936 67,290 520,350 131,253 345,556 223,941 162,729 126,817 1,256,326 603,327 540,972 112,027 1,389,955 155,223 240,674 384,899 271,185 65,852 272,122 JAN 1

JUL 1 P 3,929,167 1,483,506 65,118 455,208 116,853 354,683 220,363 159,213 112,068 1,180,099 574,408 507,162 98,529 1,265,562 114,415 236,342 383,410 249,028 56,277 226,090

4,222,234 1,561,804 62,478 527,761 137,453 321,286 222,857 168,396 121,573 1,258,269 606,039 533,949 118,281 1,402,161 160,460 239,847 374,783 293,958 71,490 261,623

4,177,721 1,573,670 64,659 494,057 130,485 349,823 231,167 173,682 129,797 1,265,291 604,618 550,889 109,784 1,338,760 118,869 241,955 391,559 256,718 61,143 268,516

Current Situation
Goat population 3.929M goats (BAS, July 2010)

Ave. Mature Live Weight of Philippine goat 18 to 20kilos

Average Carcass Weight at 2 years old Per Capita consumption 8 kilos

0.34kg (BAS)

Annual Goat Meat Production 78K MT LW(BAS) No. of heads slaughtered - 9,750 heads/yr

Production Estimates by Region

Luzon Visayas - 14,446K MT 9,413K MT 15,242K MT % Share 36.95 24.07 38.98

Mindanao -

Top Goat Producing Regions*:

REGION Region VI (Western Visayas) Region I (Ilocos Region) BACKYARD COMMERCIAL TOTAL % CONTRIBUTION

547,431 490,242 469,224 332,290

3,000 1,193 2,337 3,358

550,431 491,435 471,561 335,648

14.79 13.21 12.67 9.02

Region VII (Central Visayas)

Region XI (Davao Region) Region IV (Southern Tagalog)

292,123

1,630

293,753

7.9

*- Regions Producing the top 58% of the total Philippine Goat Population

Introduction
Goats are important elements on the pathway out of poverty for people in Central Luzon; Important for the poorest livestock keepers and for the landless who could start to raise livestock; With the presence of SRC, CLSU, TCA, SUCs, DA-RFU 3, OPVets, LGUs, strong support to farmers were given on integrated goat management (FLS-IGM); Linkage with PCARRD, BAI, LDC and other govt agencies were tapped.

Uses of Goats

Add-in Enterprises Meat Products

Organic Manure Milk Source

Cash Crop

Protein Source

Current Status of the Goat Industry in the Philippines

Limited stock

Backyard Farming

Limited buck Low reproduction

For family use

The National Goat S&T Program

ISP Targets 2020
i preweaning mortality 25 10 % h slaughter weight 15 30 kg i kidding interval 9 8 mos. Regional h natural conception rate 80 95 % National R&D Programs on Goats R&D Programs on Goats
RED Program
Goat Farm Performance Alternative Program Technology Options Development of Herbal Drugs Halal Project Goat Program

(Feed resources & technology Transfer)

CVARRD (AI & Chevon Processing)

CLARRDEC

Private sector-led programs

Enhancing demand for ANFR grads thru S&T

Other goat-focused programs

IEC, CIN Supply Chain Elearning Impact Assess. STBFgoat

Breeder Meat cut importation Goat Goat fabrication congresses shows

FLSIGM

making Goats RED... a community-based approach to the transformation of rural assets

Courtesy of Dr. Wilson Cervito

Why Raise Goats?

Why Raise Goats?

Small initial investment; Can integrate with crop-based farming system;

Provides meat, milk and skin for processing into high-value products;
Short period of getting the ROI; Goat manure is used as fertilizer; They thrive in marginal vegetations; fodder in rainy days; Wives and children can handle goats; they docile.

Why Raise Goats?cont..

Have inherent advantages over other ruminants Mature earlier; higher fertility (8 months); Capable of multiple births; have shorter gestation period Can be milked for 5 months First kid crop-less than a year Popular for kilawen, papaitan, caldereta

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Increasing demand for goat and sheep meat

Prospects and Opportunities:

- Demand for meat, milk and products are increasing but supply is low. - Price is increasing every year - Chevon has a high water holding capacity and is therefore very suitable in meat processing. - Offers a good source of sustained income - Technologies on improved goat production and
processing are now being available

History of the Goat

The modern domesticated goat is believed to be the first livestock domesticated by man about 10,000 years ago.

It descended from the Bezoar goat Capra aegagrus from South West Asia.

The Goat Breeds

Over the years, goats were bred according to the type or product they are about to produce: - Meat (Chevon) - Dairy - Cashmere/ Leather - Miscellaneous Breeds

Some Exotic Breeds

Angora Goats -bred for their fine cashmere that is processed into various kinds of apparel -can also be made as pets.

Pygmy Goats - miniature goats most suitable as pets - only stands 16-23 inches at the whithers.

Playing Dead?
Fainting Goats -More or less the size of a native goat. -Meat breed

Goat Breeds Commonly Found in the Philippines

Anglo- Nubian

 developed in Great

Anglo-nubian

Britain of native milking stock and goats from the Middle East and North Africa due to Middle-Eastern heritage, can live in very hot climates and have longer breeding season

ANGLO-NUBIAN (Nubian)

distinguishing

characteristics: large, pendulous ears and a "Roman" nose Because of its elongated ears and sleek body, the Nubian has a variety of nicknames, including "Lopeared Goat", "Rabbit Goat", "Long-eared Goat" and "Greyhound Goat"

Anglo-nubian

has different colors with long,

floppy ears, convex nose, and large structure; large in size and carries more flesh than other dairy breeds temperament is sociable, outgoing, and vocal

ANGLO-NUBIAN (Nubian)

Large; size makes it a o o

very useful dual purpose animal does 60 kg, 30 inches (76 cm) bucks 75 kg, 35 inches (88 cm) high butterfat, 5% or more; but produces less volume of milk than other dairy breeds

Boer

- Meat Type, Originated from Southern Africa - Fast growth rate, good mothering ability, docile. - Mature bucks weighs about 110-135kg; does 90-110kg. - Characteristic white body
and red head

Saanen

SAANEN
white or cream-colored large and big-boned, but graceful and refined in bone largest of the dairy goat breeds Does: 150 lb(68 kg) Bucks: 200 lb (91 kg) ears are erect, nose straight or dished usually have beards and horns

 commonly used for

commercial milking Queen of dairy goats produces the most milk on average Saanen nanny: 1 gal (3.8 li.) a day Milk has lower butterfat content, 2.5%-3.0%

Saanen

Saanen

breed is usually pure white in color; medium to heavy built, with straight or dished face; heavy milk producers; yield best in much cooler
environment.

SAANEN

Named after Saanen valley in Switzerland Sable Saanen is the term for nonwhite Saanen calm and mild mannered typically breed every year, producing one or two kids Sensitive to too much sunlight,
performs best in cooler regions

Toggenburg

 Oldest known goat dairy breed from Switzerland Performs well on cool climates Smaller built

Toggenburg

Toggenburg

breed

varies in color from light fawn to dark chocolate; medium built, sturdy, energetic, and active; highly developed udder ; high level of milk production.

TOGGENBURG

named after Toggenburg valley, Switzerland medium in size have compact bodies does have high, well-attached udders straight or dished faces, but never roman noses generally a friendly, quiet and gentle breed, and are good as pets moderate in production, and have relatively low
butterfat content (2-3%) in their milk

TOGGENBURG

color is solid varying from light fawn to dark chocolate With distinct white markings as follows: owhite ears with dark spot in middle otwo white stripes down the face from above each eye to the muzzle; ohind legs white from hocks to hooves; oforelegs white from knees downward with a dark line (band) below knee acceptable; oa white triangle on either side of the tail.

Alpine
Rock alpines; Swiss alpines; US alpines

with 4.8 butterfat content;

larger, stronger, and healthier than many other goat breeds; they tolerate heat better than Saanens and Toggenburgs.

Alpine
breed can have different colors except all white and light brown with white markings;

It has a straight face, standing ears, and medium body built; It is a common dairy goat breed because of the amount of milk it is able to produce.

ALPINE

a medium to large size animal; does - 57 kg 0.8 meters or 30 inches tall alertly graceful hardy, adaptable animals hair is medium to short have erect ears, horns,
and have a dish-face (straight)

ALPINE

aka French Alpine; originated in the French Alps can range in color from white or gray to brown and black have no set markings heavy milkers milk can be made into any
dairy product

ALPINE
Alpine colors are described by using the following terms: Cou Blanc (coo blanc) - white neck & front quarters, black hindquarters, black or gray markings on the head Cou Clair (coo clair) - "clear neck," front quarters tan, saffron, off-white, or shading to gray with black hindquarters. Cou Noir (coo nwah) - literally "black neck" black front quarters and white hindquarters Sundgau (sundgow) - black with white markings such as underbody, facial stripes, etc.

Whats missing?
La Mancha earless goat which was developed from several goats from Spain;

a dairy goat which can thrive under harsh conditions

LAMANCHA

have ears, but pinna is shrunken; 2 types of ears Gopher ear: very small,

'shriveled; no fold, must not exceed 1 inch (2.5 cm). (This is the only type of ear which will make bucks eligible for registration. ) Elf ear: max. length 2 inches; end of the ear must be turned up or down, and cartilage shaping the small ear is allowed.

ear tags or ear tattoos are not used; tattoos are normally placed on the tail web

La Mancha
breed can be of any color; one of its distinct characteristics is that it has almost unnoticeable ear ; relatively small but very sturdy ; its milk is high in butterfat.

LAMANCHA

noted for its apparent

lack of, or much reduced, external ears medium in size generally calm, quiet, and gentle in temperament comes in just about any color hair is short, fine and glossy dairy breed with high butterfat

PHIL. NATIVE GOAT

not a dairy breed but for

upgrading (e.g. with AngloNubian) increases milk yield small, stocky and low set red, white or black or combination of these colors Mature weight: 20 25 kilograms Ave. milk prodn: 0.4 liter Lactation Period: 187 days

Upgrades

Pix courtesy of SRC, CLSU

Upgrades

25% Native and 75% Anglonubian

Breeds Raised in the Philippines

Native Goats

Anglo-nubian

Boer

Saanen

Toggenburg

Upgrades/ Triple crosses

Goat Products

Milk

Cheese

Soaps

Chevon

Cashmere

Leather

DISHES OUT OF GOATS MEAT

Tapa Adobo Kilawin Papait Goat steak Braised meat chop Higado Sinampalukan Barbeque Caldereta Asado Menudo Pochero Afritada Cocido

Part II

SELECTION OF FOUNDATION STOCKS

 Selection choosing animals with desirable traits that are fit for production Culling removing animals that are below average in
production, unsound or undesirable

SELECTION AND CULLING

Traits to consider for selection:

growth rate, milk yield, prolificacy, body size, resistance to disease, adaptability to environment, and production conditions

Characteristics of Male Breeding Stock 1.Healthy with no deformities 2.Straight and strong legs 3.Active and with high libido 4.Normal testicles 5.With good pedigree 6.Clean, shiny,healthy coat 7.6-8 months and not < 25 kg

Characteristics of Female Breeding Stock

Healthy with no deformities Straight and strong legs Normal genitals With good mothering ability Normal teats(smooth, firm, no infection and swelling) Good pedigree 6-8 months of age & not <20 kg

Other Desirable Characteristics

Strong Legs

Shiny Hair coat

Prolific

Normal Teats

Even testicles

Reasons for Culling

Overshot and undershot jaws Cryptorchid Extra teats Twisted legs or feet Poor kid size Poor maternal instinct Poor milkers

Reasons for Culling

Overshot mouth Undershot mouth

Reasons for Culling

Split testicles Extra teats

Reasons for Culling

Twisted or folded ears

Reasons for Culling

Abnormal legs

Weak legs

Reasons for Culling

Abnormal horn growth

Deformed hooves

Age Determination Thru Dentition

Milk teeth (<1 year old)

A pair of permanent teeth (1-1 year old)

Two permanent teeth (2-2 years old)

Three permanent teeth (3-3 years old)

Four permanent teeth (44 years old)

Teeth start to fall-off (>5 years old)

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Fresh milk for ulcers, allergies and lactose intolerance Butter for wounds Aphrodisiacs

Skin Care (Soap, Lotion)

Possible participation of members of the family and Easy to integrate with other farming systems

INTEGRATION PROJECTS WITH GOATS

GOAT-MANGO INTEGRATION

GOAT-RICE INTEGRATION

Goat-Poultry Integration

FARM WASTE RECYCLING

Organic Fertilizer -Legumes

STARTING A GOAT ENTERPRISE?

Basic Requirements

HOUSING SYSTEM OF GOATS

FLS-IGM, Pangasinan

SRC, CLSU

SRC, CLSU

Recommended Floor Space for Goats:

Doe Buck Young Stocks

1.5 sq. m 2 sq. m 1 sq. m

1. Options on goat pen designs

-The provision of housing lowers markedly worm load, thus decreasing mortality of goats by 80-85%. Space requirement of 1 m/hd reduces death and for security reasons

2. Options on feed resource establishment and management

Optimizes use of local available feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements of the animals. Napier, ipil-ipil, kakawate, rensonii, flemingia, indigofera, acacia pods, hulls, camote vines, are most commonly available. Almost all farm by-products are used as goat feeds. It ensures food production the whole year round. Pictures taken at SRC, CLSU

Acacia pods

Molasses

Kakawate

Indigo

Sesbania

Napier

Paragrass

Arachis

Flemingia

Ipil-ipil

Rensonii

Grasses
Paragrass Guinea grass

Napier

Stargrass

Paragrass

Guinea grass

Forage corn

Sorghum

Cut-and-carry plots

Cut-and-carry plots

Legumes
Desmanthus Centrosema

Flemingia

Stylo

Arachis

Siratro

Calopogonium

Calopogonium

Centrosema

Stylo

Arachis pintoii -manimanihan

Desmanthus

Acid Ipil-ipil

Mani-manihan-

Kamote

Natural bushes and trees

Rensonii

Acacia

Kakawate

Indigo

Sesbania

Katuray

Ipil-ipil

Flemingia

Rensonii

Indigofera

Kakawate

Katuray

Silkworm plant

Madre de Agua

Malunggay

Banana

Pigeon Peas- Kadyos

Pigeon Peas- Kadyos

LEGUME STRATA

Seed Production Integration

Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC

Agro-industrial by-products

Molasses
Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC

Crop residues
Corn stovers

Soybean pods

Acacia pods
Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC

Rice straw

Processed Feeds
UMMB

Concentrates

UTRS
Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC

Silage

3. Alternatives to traditional health -Deworm kids at 3 months old, repeat management

after 3 months; -Deworm older goats before onset of rainy season, and repeat monthly until Sept. Pregnant does-2 wks before giving birth. -Deworming and the use of leaves with anthelminthic qualities like kakawate, atis, pineapple reduces egg per gram of feces by 90%.

3. Alternatives to traditional production management

-Ipil-ipil leaf based for concentrate supplements preparations, with stall feeding of grasses and tree leaves and complete confinement during the rainy season and semi confinement during the dry season, improved production by 60%.

- complete confinement
Courtesy of SRC, CLSU

Ipil-ipil

Semi-confinement method

4. Alternatives to traditional grazing management - Start grazing goats at 9 am,

when the dews on the leaves of grasses are already dry to avoid eating of larvae of parasites contaminating the leaves of grasses. The practice RRG for larger lands, and transfer to another paddocks within 3 days reduce considerably worm loads among goats.

RAPID ROTATIONAL GRAZING

Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

5. Alternatives to traditional breeding management

-Avoidance of breeding during the months of February and March of each year ;

XXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXX

The practice of upgrading.

Native Goats

Courtesy of: SRC, CLSU

FLS Camiling

Triple Cross (Native-Anglo-Boer)

WHY UPGRADE GOAT ?

Improvement or enhancement of the performance of the animal to increase productivity Meat Milk ANSWER TO LOW Dual QUALITY BREEDERS PROBLEM Breeder Money

Using purebred buck

Purebred buck
X

Native doe

1
F1 (50% Purebred:50% Native) Purebred buck
X

F1

2
F2 (75% Purebred:25% Native)

Purebred buck

F2

3
F3 (87% Purebred:12.5% Native)

Starting with an upgraded buck

Upgraded buck (40 kg) (75% AN:25% N) X Native doe (20 kg) (100% N)

1
F1 (30 kg)
(37.5% AN:62.5% N)

Purebred buck (50 kg) (100% AN)

F1 (30 kg) (37.5% AN:62.5% N)

2
F2 (40 kg)
(68.75% AN:31.25% N)

Purebred buck (50 kg) (100% AN)

F2 (40 kg) (68.75% AN:31.25% N)

3
F3 (50 kg)
(84.37% AN:15.63% N)

The practice of upgrading.

Native Goats

Courtesy of: SRC, CLSU

FLS Camiling

Triple Cross (Native-Anglo-Boer)

5. Alternatives to traditional breeding management

-Avoidance of breeding during the months of February and March of each year ;

XXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXX

NATIVE 100%

50% N & 50% AN

25% N & 75% AN

Pics courtesy of CLSU, SRC

REPRODUCTION RATE
Doe-3 kiddings per 2 years = 6 kids

First Offspring 2 kiddings

Second offspring 1 kidding TOTAL

= 4 kids
= 2 kids = 12 kids

Cost-Benefit Analysis
Production Benefit Production Stage Doe Buck Offspring Weight Difference Economic Benefit Weight Difference Price/kg Price Difference 10 P70.00 P700.00 20 P100.00 P2,000.00 30 P150.00 P4,500.00 I 20 (Native) 40 (Upgraded) 30 (F1) 10 Mature weight of the animals (kg) II 30 (F1) 50 (Purebred) 40 (F2) 20 III 40 (F2) 50 (Purebred) 50 (F3) 30

7. Goat-based Add-In

Enterprises
White Cheese Fresh Goats MIlk

Jeff Lims produce

Fetta Cheese

Cajetas Candy

FLS-IGM Highlights
6. Proper husbandry practices
Technologies taken/FLS-IGM Baskets of Options (BOO): (Alternative Approaches to traditional practices) Farmers learn to: - castrate - hoof trim - ear tag - disbud - make farm record -mix their farm goat feeds -- awareness of AI

Pasteurized; Shelf life is 3 weeks; Natural Tarlac Logo

Php 75.00

3 for Php 100.00

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

150 grams kesong puti processed from 1 L of goats milk; One week shelf life; Php 100.00 each

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

Fetta Cheese

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

280 grams fetta cheeze in virgin oil; Php 220.00/bottle

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

GOAT MILK CAJETAS 10 pcs per pack- Php 60.00

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

Goat Soap Making

Soap used for mange in dogs, skin diseases for goatsetc.

Vermi-compos production using goats manure

Summary Before entering into a goat enterprise, capacity building is a must; Train your caretaker, the life of your farm. Before buying goats, construct a goat house and plant grasses and legumes; Kailangan may sipag at tiyaga! Magnegoatsyo tayo!

Pasture area
Conclusion:
There is money in goat production;

With skills and diligence, extensionists, veterinarians could influence farmers to venture on goat-based enterprises;
Demand is high, but supply is low.

Acknowledgment

PCAARRD-FLS-GM Team Ms. Ana Marie Alo-Program Developer, PCAARRD Dr. Edwin Villar- Director, LRD, PCAARRD LGU Camiling GASPAT TCA-Dr. Max P. Guillermo DA-BAR-for funding the research Mr. Tony Obligado-DA-BAR SRC, CLSU JSJ Farms, Mountain Goat Farms, Rofanso Farms

Angies kid