A Smart-Grid Simulator retargeting VCS/VMM technology

Srikanth Jadcherla Vishwanath. S Jyothsna. K

Agenda
Smart Grid Overview

Project Goal and Progress Project Details Results Demo

Smart Grid in one slide..

Energy Security

Energy Star Dynamic revenue

Regulatory pressures on loads

Energy Gap

All of these require real time communication between generators, loads and transmission networks Smart Grid

Climate change

Clean, local energy

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Loss reduction

Direct DC

Old Grid vs. New

All AC grid- customer view High Capacity generators, isolated No load-supply negotiation Unilateral power outages Minimal energy measurement AC, Direct DC Interspersed lowmedium generation Smart RT load-supply negotiation Dynamic, Interactive load shedding Sophisticated energy monitoring/reporting

This calls for very sophisticated communication

Smart Grid is the new BUS

CentralPow er Mgmt.

1 MW

700 MW

Washing machine Mixed Signal SOC + S/W TV/ DVR/ PC

This system can be predictively modeled with VCS/VMM

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Smart Grid Simulator Objectives

Retarget VCS/VMM to create a flexible, extensible simulator/model of a large city
- Use Verilog/SystemVerilog to model appliances, homes, offices, cities, generators etc. all grid components - Constrained random techniques to create realistic event profiles e.g. Cloudy days, refrigerator openclose - Create reference architectures and protocols
Focus on macro level, home/office managers, end-device managers

Help to predict characteristics

metrics

on

grid

- Stability - Command/response studies - Revenue management models

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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview Project Goal and Progress Project Details Results Demo

Project Goal
Build a behavioural model of a city.
Create a standard, extensible framework

Standardize Home controller IP and protocol Get requirements from potential partners/customers

Project Progress
Work Completed
Behavioral model of a home/colony
6 devices modeled per home Home controller developed Extensible models to build a colony SystemVerilog used for design and testbench

What next
Behavioral models for a neighborhood/city VMM for verification

Agenda
Smart Grid Overview Project Goal and Progress Project Details Results Demo

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Hierarchical Distribution of a Home

SOLAR PVs DG SETS INVERTERS

HOME

GARAGE
WATER HEATER AIR HEATER/ COOLER WASHING MACHINE DRYER VACUUM CLEANER LIGHTS DOOR OPENER

FMLY. ROOM
TV DVD PLAYER DVR GAME SETS LIGHTS MUSIC SYSTEM SET TOP BOX /RECIEVER

KITCHEN
FRIDGE MICROWAVE OVEN TOASTER MIXER/ BLENDER COFFEE MAKER ELECTRIC STOVE LIGHTS ELECTRIC KETTLES DISHWASHER

M.BEDROOM
LIGHTS TV* FRIDGE* FANS/ COOLERS

CH. BEDROOM OFFICE

COMPUTER FANS/ COOLERS LIGHTS COMPUTERS/ LAPTOPS MODEMS ROUTERS PRINTERS/ SCANNERS

MISC. : WATER PURIFIERS, AIR CONDITIONERS(centralized), GEYSERS, ELECTRIC IRON, BLOW / HAIR DRYERS etc. * indicates OPTIONAL appliances

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Smart Grid enabled home interface view

Grid Interface
User Inputs

Standard device interface and protocol

pwr_on

HOME CONTROLLER
HOME CNTRL

smart Device smart_ack

DEVICE1 Device Response

DEVICE2

DEVICE3

DEVICE4 pwr_consumed

Device Response

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What we have built : Energy models/use profiles for devices Language : Verilog
Similar to SDPD .lib models

Door open : 100W Compressor : 700 W Freezer open : 65W Fn (Ambient T, Setting T)

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What we have built : Smart Mode/Green Ring hardware Language : Verilog

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Interface of a Washing Machine

clk pwr_on smart load main_pwr wash_ time rinse_time dry_time override respond
integer integer integer integer

pwr_consumed_wm

WASHING MACHINE

smart_ack done

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Specifications
A washing machine has three stages of operation, viz, washing, rinsing and drying Each stage consumes different power,typically, filling+agitating(washing) 400 watts filling+pumping (rinsing) 350 watts spin drying 800 watts amount of

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Specifications(contd.)
main_pwr is the power on/off signal at the device level, issued by the user pwr_on is the power on/off signal from the home controller, issued considering the allowed power limitations smart is the smart control signal load describes the volume of the load (small, medium,large,extra large)which would in turn specify the power consumed by each action wash_time is the time duration for wash cycle rinse_time is the duration for rinse cycle dry_time is the duration for drying cycle
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Specifications(contd.)
override tells the system to proceed with the usual operation even when smart is asserted respond tells the system to respond to the smart signal i.e., to go to the low power mode smart_ack is high when the device alters its usual operation as a response to the smart signal pwr_consumed_wm is the total power consumed by the washing machine in a particular state done is high when the three processes, viz., washing, rinsing, drying are all finished and the machine is ready to consider new inputs
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State Machine
OFF
pwr_on && main_pwr smart=1 && override=0
ON / READ / FILL
else

smart=1 && override=0

smart=1 && override=0 /1 && respond=0/1

WASH

smart=1 && override=0 /1 && respond=0/1 smart=1 && override=0 && respond=1

LOW POWER

smart=0 || smart=1 && override =1

RINSE
smart=0 || smart=1 && override =1 DRY / SPIN smart=0 OR smart=1 && override=0

smart=1 && override=0 && respond=1

Timer > wash/rinse_time AND smart=0 || override=1

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States of a Washing Machine

OFF state is where either the main_pwr or the pwr_on signal is low, and the device is not functional ON (stand by)state is where the device reads the input values but does not perform any action WASH is where the device washes for wash_time minutes RINSE is where the device rinses for rinse_time minutes DRY is where the device dries for dry_time minutes LOW POWER is where the device performs wash and rinse processes in a low power mode, wherein power consumption is low

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Response table
main_pwr x 0 1 1 1 1 1 pwr_on 0 x 1 1 1 1 1 smart x x 0 1 1 1 1 override x x x 1 0 1 0 respond x x x 0 1 1 0 State(Q(n+1)) OFF OFF ON / Qn Qn LOW_POWER ON ON

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What we have built : A home controller IP module Language : Verilog

Addition to Smart meters/home monitors

Smart home controller

Non Trivial interface, protocol, over rides etc.

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Interface of a Home Controller

clk smart pwr_on central_override main_pwr_t main_pwr_tv main_pwr_wm main_pwr_fan main_pwr_ac main_pwr_oven pwr_consumed_t pwr_consumed_tv pwr_consumed_wm pwr_consumed_fan pwr_consumed_ac pwr_consumed_oven allowed_pwr
integer integer integer

[6:1] smart_device pwr_contr [6:1]

integer

total_pwr indicator

HOME CONTROLLER

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Specifications
Inputs:
pwr_on is the power on/off signal to the home controller. smart is the external smart control signal central_override is the signal to override external smart and allowed_pwr limitations main_pwr_t,main_pwr_ac,main_pwr_wm,main_pwr_oven ,main_pwr_tv,main_pwr_fan are the power on/off signals at the device levels, issued by the user, for the 6 devices respectively pwr_consumed_t,pwr_consumed_ac,pwr_consumed_tv,p wr_consumed_wm,pwr_consumed_fan,pwr_consumed_o ven are the 6 integers specifying the instantaneous power consumed by each device

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Specifications (contd.)
allowed_pwr is the maximum power consumption that can be allowed at any instant. It is generated by a central control authority

Outputs:
smart_device is a 6-bit signal, each bit pertaining to one device, which is asserted when the external smart signal is asserted pwr_contr is an array of 6, 1-bit values which are power on/off signals to the devices(in the order of their priority) from the home controller, issued depending on the (total_pwr + PEAK_PWR[i] <= allowed_pwr) condition indicator goes high when smart_device is asserted and the power is still not within the allowed_pwr limits
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What we have built : A randomized neighborhood simulation Language : SystemVerilog

Testbench/ Grid Controller Layer Create various conditions and study responses

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Example 1 : Grid reduces allowed power

Devices get throttled

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Example 1 :

Grid asserts smart mode Devices get throttled to Min Power, until user Override.)

Smart is high and override low, total power is getting reduced. Smart and override are high, total power is high.

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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview Project Goal and Progress Project Details Results Demo

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Scenario 1 : power consumption of a home

Power (watts)

Time (10 units = 1 hr.)

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Scenario 1 :power consumption profile with smart

Power (watts)

smart = 1

Time (10 units = 1hr)

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Scenario 1 :comparison of power consumption (with and without smart)

Power (watts)

5 devices operating in low power mode

Time (10 units = 1hr)

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Scenario 1 : power consumption profile with both smart and override

Power (watts)

override smart Smart asserted

Override = 0, smart mode resumes

Time (10 units = 1hr)

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Scenario 1 : comparison of power consumption with smart ( with and without override)
Power (watts)

smart = 1

override smart Smart asserted

Override = 0, smart mode resumes

Time (10 units = 1hr)

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Scenario 1 : Comparison of total power consumed by 5 homes ( with and without smart)
Power (watts)

smart = 1

Time (10 units = 1hr)

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Scenario2 : Comparison of total power consumed by 5 homes( with both smart and override)
smart = 1 override = 1
Power (watts)

override smart Smart asserted

Override = 0, smart mode resumes

Time (10 units = 1 hr)

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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview Project Goal and Progress Project Details Results Demo

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Time profile of devices

The simulation is assumed to run for 24 hours Considering 100 clock cycles as 1 hr, the simulation runs for 2400 clock cycles Washing machine : it is turned on thrice a day, randomly between 6 am to 10 am, 12 noon to 2 pm and 7 pm to 9 pm i.e., 600 to 1000 and 1900 to 2100 cycles Toaster : it is turned on 5 times randomly between 7 am to 10 am i.e., 700 to 1000 clock cycles Television : it is turned on 20 times randomly between 8am to 12 am i.e., between 800 to 2400 cycles

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Time profile of devices (contd.)

Air conditioner : it is turned on 5 times randomly between 12pm to 4pm, 10pm to 12 am and 12am to 4 am i.e., 1200 to 1600, 2200 to 2400, 00 to 400 cycles Fan : it is turned on 20 times randomly between 7am to 10 pm and is constantly turned on between 10pm to 6 am i.e., 700 to 2200 random on/off 2200 to 2400 and 00 to 600 on Oven : it is turned on 10 times randomly between 7 am to 10 am, 1 pm to 3 pm and 7 pm to 9 pm i.e., 700 to 1000, 1300 to 1500, 1900 to 2100 cycles

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Just to recap : we have new babies

Smart Grid Simulator
Main modeling capability Can do a small neighborhood now

Power Models for appliances Green mode state machines for appliances Home controller AND interface/protocol

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