Beam dimension:

Young's Modulus for the beam:

200 GPa
Second Moment of Area:
Strain reading
(m)
Load (kg) Force (N)
0.01
0.1
0.000004
0.05
0.5
0.000016
0.1
1
0.00003
0.15
1.5
0.000045
0.2
2
0.00006
0.25
2.5
0.000074
0.3
3
0.000089
0.35
3.5
0.000102
0.4
4
0.000118
0.45
4.5
0.000132
0.5
5
0.000147

Bridge connection : Full

Load Position : 420 mm

Output
Voltage
(V)
50
173
327
481
635
791
940
1096
1249
1399
1553

Bending
Moment
(Nm)
0.0445
0.2225
0.445
0.6675
0.89
1.1125
1.335
1.5575
1.78
2.0025
2.225

Load (kg)Strain ReadingCalculated Strain Kesalahan Rel (%)

0.01
4.00E-06
2.46E-06
38.5
0.05
1.60E-05
1.23E-05
23.125
0.1
0.00003
2.46E-05
18
0.15
4.50E-05
3.69E-05
18
0.2
0.00006
4.92E-05
18
0.25
7.40E-05
6.15E-05
16.89189189
0.3
8.90E-05
7.38E-05
17.07865169
0.35
0.0001
8.61E-05
13.9
0.4
0.00012
9.84E-05
18
0.45
0.00013
1.11E-04
14.61538462
0.5
0.00015
1.23E-04
18
Rata-Rata Kesalahan Relatif
19.46462984

Red and Yellow Gauges

Gauges Factor: 2.08
Specimen Dimensions ( lebar dan tebal): (2.14 9.91) mm

Load (kg)

Specimen Cross-Section: 2.12 10 -5

Young's Modulus: 105 Gpa
Tensile
Tensile
Stress (NM- 2 )
Strain ()
Force (N)

Calc.
Tensile Strain

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

0.000007
0.000016
0.000024
0.000032
0.000039
0.00004
0.000056
0.000064
0.000071
0.000078

4.72E+05
9.43E+05
1.42E+06
1.89E+06
2.36E+06
2.83E+06
3.30E+06
3.77E+06
4.25E+06
4.72E+06

4.49E-06
8.98E-06
1.35E-05
1.80E-05
2.25E-05
2.70E-05
3.14E-05
3.59E-05
4.04E-05
4.49E-05

Red and Yellow Gauges

Gauges Factor: 2.08
Specimen Dimensions ( lebar dan tebal): (2.14 9.91) mm

Load (kg)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Force (N)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

Specimen Cross-Section: 2.12 10 -5 m 2

Young's Modulus: 105 GPa
Tensile
Tensile
Calc.
-2
Stress (Nm )
Strain ()
Tensile Strain
0.000006
4.72E+05
4.49E-06
0.000011
9.43E+05
8.98E-06
0.000014
1.42E+06
1.35E-05
0.00002
1.89E+06
1.80E-05
0.000025
2.36E+06
2.25E-05
0.000029
2.83E+06
2.70E-05
0.000036
3.30E+06
3.14E-05
0.000041
3.77E+06
3.59E-05
0.000046
4.25E+06
4.04E-05
0.000049
4.72E+06
4.49E-05

Perbandingan tensil horizontal dengan compressive vertikal

Poissons Ratio
Load (kg) Force (N) Disp. Strain ()
Tensile Strain ()
1
10
-1
6
0.035990582
2
20
-3
11
0.058893679
3
30
-5
14
0.077122676
4
40
-8
20
0.086377397
5
50
-10
25
0.086377397
6
60
-12
29
0.089355927
7
70
-14
36
0.083978024
8
80
-16
41
0.084270631

9
10

90
100

-19
-21

Gauge Factor: 2.03

Beam Diameter: 1 cm
Beam Radius: 0.5 cm

Load (kg)
0
0.25
0.5

Force (N)
0
2.5
5

Torque (Nm)
0
0.375
0.75

Beam dimension: 19.12 mm 5.24 mm

Young's Modulus for the beam:
207 GPa
Second Moment of Area: 2.2910 -4 m 4
Strain reading
()
Load (kg)
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

Force (N)
0.10
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00

0.000004
0.000016
0.000030
0.000045
0.000060
0.000074
0.000089
0.000100
0.000120
0.000130
0.000150

Load (kg)Strain ReadingCalculated Strain

0.01
0.000004
0.00000254
0.05
0.000016
0.00001271
0.1
0.00003
0.00002542
0.15
0.000045
0.00003814
0.2
0.00006
0.00005085
0.25
0.000074
0.00006356

46
49

0.089194051
0.092547211

Shear Modulus for the Beam: 79.6 GPa

Bridge Connection: Full
Torque arm Length: 0.15 m
Polar Moment of Inertia:
Strain Reading
Output Voltage (V)
()
0
0
70
13
4600
906

Bridge connection: Full

Load Position: 460 mm

Output
Voltage
(V)
50
173
327
481
635
791
940
1096
1249
1399
1553

Kesalahan Rel (%)

36.5
20.5625
15.26666667
15.24444444
15.25
14.10810811

Bending
Moment
(Nm)
0.0460
0.2300
0.4600
0.6900
0.9200
1.1500
1.3800
1.6100
1.8400
2.0700
2.3000

0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5

0.000089
0.00007627
0.0001
0.00008899
0.00012
0.0001017
0.00013
0.00011441
0.00015
0.00012712
Rata-Rata Kesalahan Relatif

14.30337079
11.01
15.25
11.99230769
15.25333333
16.79461191

Red and Yellow Gauges

Gauges Factor: 2.08
Specimen Dimensions ( lebar dan tebal): (2.14 9.91) mm
Specimen Cross-Section: 2.12 10 -5 m 2
Young's Modulus: 105 GPa
Tensile
Tensile
Stress (Nm -2 )
Strain ()
Load (kg) Force (N)
1
10
0.000006
472000.00
2
20
0.000011
943000.00
3
30
0.000014
1420000.00
4
40
0.00002
1890000.00
5
50
0.000025
2360000.00
6
60
0.000029
2830000.00
7
70
0.000036
3300000.00
8
80
0.000041
3770000.00
9
90
0.000046
4250000.00
10
100
0.000049
4720000.00

Calc.
Tensile Strain
0.000004490
0.000008980
0.000013500
0.000018000
0.000022500
0.000027000
0.000031400
0.000035900
0.000040400
0.000044900

Red and Yellow Gauges

Gauges Factor: 2.08
Specimen Dimensions ( lebar dan tebal): (2.14 9.91) mm

Load (kg)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Force (N)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80

Specimen Cross-Section: 2.12 10 -5 m 2

Young's Modulus: 105 GPa
Tensile
Tensile
Calc.
-2
Stress (Nm )
Strain ()
Tensile Strain
0.000006
472000.00
0.000004490
0.000011
943000.00
0.000008980
0.000014
1420000.00
0.000013500
0.00002
1890000.00
0.000018000
0.000025
2360000.00
0.000022500
0.000029
2830000.00
0.000027000
0.000036
3300000.00
0.000031400
0.000041
3770000.00
0.000035900

9
10

90
100

0.000046
4250000.00
0.000049
4720000.00
Rata-rata Kesalahan Relatif

Gauge Factor: 2.03

Beam Diameter: 1 cm
Beam Radius: 0.5 cm

Load (kg)
0
0.25
0.5

Load
(kg)
0
0.25
0.5

Force (N)
0
2.5
5

0.000040400
0.000044900

Shear Modulus for the Beam: 79.6 GPa

Bridge Connection: Full
Torque arm Length: 0.15 m
Polar Moment of Inertia: 9.82 10 -10 m 4

Torque (Nm)
0
0.375
0.75

Strain Reading Direct Strain

(m)
(m)
0
0
0.000013
0.0000120
0.000906
0.0000240
Rata-rata Kesalahan Relatif

Output Voltage (V)

0
70
139

Kesalahan
Relatif (%)
0
8.33
8.33
8.33

Strain Reading
()
0
0.000013
0.000026

connection : Full
osition : 420 mm

Calculated
Stress
(MN.m2)
5.09E+05
2.55E+06
5.09E+06
7.64E+06
1.02E+07
1.27E+07
1.53E+07
1.78E+07
2.04E+07
2.29E+07
2.55E+07

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
214.1109282

Calculated
Strain
2.46E-06
1.23E-05
2.46E-05
3.69E-05
4.92E-05
6.15E-05
7.38E-05
8.61E-05
9.84E-05
1.11E-04
1.23E-04

0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445
0.445

2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03

2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10

2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11

2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05
2.12E-05

1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11
1.05E+11

mm

Kesalahan
Relatif (%)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
119.7563

25.16666667
18.36363636
3.571428571
10
10
6.896551724
12.77777778
12.43902439
12.17391304
8.367346939
11.97563455

2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14

9.91
9.91
9.91
9.91
9.91
9.91
9.91
9.91

2.14
2.14

9.91
9.91

for the Beam: 79.6 GPa

Connection: Full
rm Length: 0.15 m
Moment of Inertia:
Shear Stress Direct Srain
(MN.m 2 )
()
0
0
1909368.635
1.20E-05
3818737.271
2.40E-05

Calculated
Stress
(MN/m 2 )
526288.21
2631441.05
5262882.10
7894323.14
10525764.19
13157205.24
15788646.29
18420087.34
21051528.38
23682969.43
26314410.48

100
100
100
100
100
100

Calculated
Strain ()
0.00000254
0.00001271
0.00002542
0.00003814
0.00005085
0.00006356
0.00007627
0.00008899
0.00010170
0.00011441
0.00012712

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03
2.62E-03

2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10
2.29E-10

2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11
2.07E+11

100
100
100
100
100
184.740731

mm

Kesalahan
Relatif (%)
25.1666667
18.3636364
3.57142857
10
10
6.89655172
12.7777778
12.4390244

12.173913
8.36734694
11.9756345

: 79.6 GPa

2 10 -10 m 4
Shear Stress
(MN.m 2 )
0
1909368.64
3818737.27

Direct
Strain ()
0.00
0.0000120
0.0000240