Update API 650 to State of the Art Practice Make API 650 More Consistent with Building
Codes and Standards
ASCE 7 International Building Code (IBC) National Earthquake Hazard Reductions Program
(NEHRP)
Appendix E Outline
Design Spectral Accelerations (defining the required ground motions) Seismic Design Factors (I and Rw to define the design level forces) Design (base shear, impulsive and convective loads, vertical effects, over-turning moment, SSI, allowable stresses) Detailing Requirements (piping, anchorage, freeboard, connections, sliding)
S ac =
1.5S D1 T S D1 T
S ac = 6S D1 T2
Recurrence interval
S ai =
S D1
Soil Effects
00
TS
1.0 1
4.0 4
Period, T (sec)
Generalized Equations
Examples,
impulsive coefficient
I I = 2.5QFa S 0 Ai = S DS R R w w
ringwall moment
M rw =
What Next? s
API 650
Publish Commentary to Appendix E in 11 th Edition
API 620
Rewrite Appendix L, Address: Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE)
Seismic Background
Seismic Technology Changed So Codes Changed API 650 Appendix E Revised Accordingly But Job is Not Complete Seismic Committee Intended to Address Tank Shell and Bottom First (Appendix E Does This) Then Floating Roof Stability (This is Current Proposal)
10
Damage Observed in a Recent Major Refinery Earthquake Due to Tank Sloshing Waves
Seismic waves cause failure deck and floating roof sinking This can result in full surface fire and tank burn-down
11
Ismit, Turkey
23 Major Tank Fires 17 Due to Sloshing Waves >50% Due to Sloshing Wave
Anchorage, Alaska
Commingled Data But Many Floating Roofs Collapsed
API AST Leadership Committee Thinks Seismic Work Not Complete Seismic Sloshing is Important and Should be Completed
12
Business Case
At Least 25 Floating Roofs per Year Sinking in US Alone About are Due to Corrosion; Other Half Due to Water or Gas Of the Half, About 1/3 are Due to Inadequate Design This is About 4 per Year Sinking Due to Inadequate Structural Stability Floating Roof Sinkings Can be Reduced or Prevented if API Companies Have Simple Means to Evaluate Floating Roof Stability Proposed Work Will Result in This Deliverable The Lower Bound Estimate for the Ismit and Hokkaido Incidents are $100 million At least of the Floating Roofs Causing Fires Would Not Have Occurred Cost Savings From These Standards Would be Roughly $30 million
13
Thank You !
Questions ?
14