CHAPTER 11 CHEMICAL COORDINATION

11.1.2 ROLE OF HORMONES IN REPRODUCTION

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Menstrual cycle

Reproductive cyclical changes that occur in the uterus. Change the level of pituitary and ovarian hormones in the blood. Occurs in higher female primates.

PREGNANCY??

If no pregnancy,

Cells of the endometrium die. Cells of the endometrium are sloughed off.

During pregnancy,
Endometrium further increase in size. Endometrium further increase in number. Vascular spaces fuse become interconnected.

innermost

ENDOMETRIUM

glandular layer.
Function:

lining for the uterus. preventing adhesions. maintain the patency of the uterine cavity.

OESTRUS CYCLE

Oestrus cycle

Occurs in all female mammals. Except the higher primates.

Period of sexual response. Reproductive cycle.

Oestrus

Oestrus cycle

PREGNANCY??

If no pregnancy

Endometrial cell are reabsorbed. Rather than sloughed off from body.

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

FIRST STAGES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Menstruation period (days 1-5)

Cell of the endometrial lining are sloughed off. Bleeding. Mucus discharge.

SECOND STAGES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Proliferative phase (days 6-14)

Oestrogen level increase. Lining of endometrium regenerate. Lining of endometrium become thicker. Lining of endometrium become more vascularised. Nutritive fluid secrete by develop glands. Level of luteinising hormone (LH) increase.

THIRD STAGES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Secretory phase (days15-28)

Pregnancy
Progesterone level raise. Blood supply to endometrium increase. Size of endometrial glands increase. Glycoprotein secrete by endometrial gland.

No fertilisation
Corpus luteum degenerates. Progesterone level decrease. Menstrual cycle begins again.