Consider the following protocol which enables Alice and Bob to establish a shared symmetric key K with the

help of a trusted server S. Both Alice and Bob know the servers public key KS. Alice randomly generates a temporary secret KA, while Bob randomly generates the new key K to be shared with Alice. The protocol then proceeds as follows:

To summarize, Alice sends her secret to the Server encrypted with the Servers public key, while Bob sends the newly generated key, also under encryption. The Server XORs the two values together and sends the result to Alice. As a result, both Alice and Bob know K. Suppose that evil Charlie eavesdropped on Bobs message to the Server. How can he, with the help of his equally evil buddy Don, extract the key K that Alice and Bob are using to protect their communications?

Answer:
General conversation:
K = ka (k ALICE Ka K Enc ks (K) SERVER BOB SERVER BOB Enc ks (Ka)

Step 1: Charlie eavesdropped

Enc ks (Ka) ALICE

Charlie

Read contents of key from Bob to Alice

Enc ks (K)

Step 2: Message analysis:

Enc ks (Ka) ALICE SERVER BOB

Charlie

Observe pattern of key from Bob to Alice Step 3: Eavesdropped from A using Don:
Enc ks (Ka) ALICE SERVER BOB

Charlie

Charlie ask Don to act as a server to Alice Step 4: Eavesdropped:

Enc ks (Ka) ALICE SERVER BOB Don

Charlie

Message from Darth that appears to be from server

Enc ks (K)

Enc ks (K)

Enc ks (K)

FINAL SHARING OF ENCRYPTED KEY FROM BOTH ALICE AND BOB BETWEEN DON AND CHARLIE

CHARLIE => Enc ks (K) DON => Enc ks (Ka) By getting both encrypted key they start studying the encrypted keys pattern and obtain the key. Say the encryption technique is simple multiplication: Servers key (Public): 5 Alice (sample key): 7 Encrypted Alice key: 5 X 7 = 35 Bob (secret key): 4 Encrypted bob key: 5 X 4 = 20

Studying both 35 and 20 Charlie and don both are divisible by 5 which is a public key

Now using Bobs encrypted message 20 and public key 5 => computing the secret message => which is 4

NOTE:
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