Gas Installations For Educational Establishments Draft For Comment

INSTITUTION OF GAS ENGINEERS AND MANAGERS
IGEM/TSP/09/300
IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2 Communication XXXX
Founded 1863 Royal Charter 1929 Patron Her Majesty the Queen
GAS INSTALLATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS DRAFT FOR COMMENT

1 2 3 This draft Standard IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2 has been prepared by a Panel under the chairmanship of Phil Wild. This Draft for Comment is presented to Industry for comments which are required by 20th November 2009, and in accordance with the attached Reply Form. This is a draft document and should not be regarded or used as a fully approved and published Standard. It is anticipated that amendments will be made prior to publication. It should be noted that this draft Standard contains intellectual property belonging to IGEM. Unauthorised copying or use by any unauthorised person or party is not permitted. 4 This is a copyright document of the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers. Enquiries should be addressed in the first instance to: Peter Hurst IGEM IGEM House 26-28 High Street Kegworth Derbyshire, DE74 2DA Tel: 0844 375 4436 Fax: 01509 678198 Email: peter@igem.org.uk
Gas installations for educational establishments

Draft for Comment
Founded 1863 Royal Charter 1929 Patron: Her Majesty the Queen
Gas installations for educational establishments

Draft for Comment
Price Code: XXXX The Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers IGEM House 26-28 High Street Kegworth Derbyshire, DE74 2DA Tel: 0844 375 4436 Fax: 01509 678198 Email: general@igem.org.uk
IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment
This Draft for Comment has been issued to: AIGT BSI/GSE/-/30 BIBSE CIPHE CLEAPSS CORGI Services DCSF DNO Collaboration Forum ENA Energy Institute EU Skills Gas Forum Gas Safe Register GIRSAP HSE HVCA ICOM Lloyds Register National Grid Plc Northern gas Networks Ofgem SBGI Scotia Gas Networks Wales and West Utilities UKLPG IGEM Committees and Panels
IGEM, IGEM House, 26-28 High Street, Kegworth, Derbyshire, DE74 2DA Website: www.igem.org.uk.
CONTENTS SECTION 1 2 3 Introduction Scope Legal and allied considerations PAGE 1 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 11 12 18 Emergency control valve (ECV) Additional emergency control valves (AECVs) Appliance isolation 18 19 22 23 25 25 25 25 26 xx 26 27 28 28 28 28

4 5 6
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HSWA) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations (GS(I&U)R Gas Safety (Management) Regulations (GS(M)R) Electricity at Work Regulations Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) Control of Asbestos Regulations Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations Gas Cooking Appliances (Safety) Regulations Education (School Premises) Regulations Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) Confined Spaces Regulations Building Regulations Construction, Design and Management Regulations (CDM) Pressure Systems Safety Regulations (PSSR) Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR)
Competency Gas pipework
Isolation 6.1 6.2 6.3
7 8
Laboratories
Art, design and technology 8.1 Fixed and non-moveable appliances 8.1.1 General 8.1.2 Selection of equipment or appliances 8.1.3 Installation of gas-fired appliances 8.1.4 Ventilation - ? 8.1.5 Flues and chimneys 8.1.6 Special procedures for ceramic kilns Portable equipment 8.2.1 Selection 8.2.2 Storage and siting of equipment 8.2.3 Use of equipment
8.2
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 APPENDIX 1 2 3 TABLE 1 2 3 FIGURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Food technology Installation of appliances General ventilation Electrical supplies and wiring Testing, commissioning and maintenance Advice to be given to the consumer Emergencies
29 30 32 35 36 37 38
Glossary, acronyms and abbreviations, units References Properties of gases
40 42 46
Certificates of competency Installation standards for domestic appliances Typical natural gas compositions
11 30 47
Relative pressure levels for educational establishments Exposed PE pipework is not permitted
3 13
Suggested in-floor duct ventilation system where external ventilation is not possible 14 Typical overhead boom system Overhead boom system at false ceiling level Typical floor level gas supply for moveable benches etc Typical boom gas supply Typical ventilation arrangements for ducts in floors and ceilings CSST pipework with route identity marking Primary meter installation showing the ECV on the inlet (left hand) side Additional emergency control valve Correct design of valve proving system Emergency stop button, can be shrouded or fitted with a key reset 14 15 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 20
14 15 16 17 18
Laboratory bollard An example of a cabinet heater and blow torch Kilns CO and CO2 detectors Methods of provision of cooker stability
23 24 25 27 31
SECTION 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 1.2 This Standard supersedes IGE/UP/11 Edition 1, Communication 1704, which is obsolete. This Standard has been drafted by a Panel appointed by the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEMs) Gas Utilization Committee and is published by the authority of the Council of IGEM. This Standard provides requirements and guidance for those concerned with the design, installation, operation and maintenance of gas pipework, systems and appliances in educational establishments, including schools; colleges; universities and training facilities. It brings together:
1.3
guidance, interpretation and clarification of legislation, standards and codes of practice (CoPs) indicating the degree to which compliance is required, including those items that are applicable, and current best practice and design in the installation and use of Natural Gas (NG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) installations.
1.4
This Standard provides advice to architects, designers, science health and safety advisers, teaching and technical staff in the operation of their systems and equipment.
Note: It is recognised that specialist laboratory demonstration equipment may be used. In such cases, the general principles of this Standard may be applied to ensure safety.
1.5
This Standard does not cover gas installations in individual domestic dwellings which may be integral with an educational establishment. However, the installation of domestic gas appliances in the educational establishment itself is covered. Responsibility for safety in maintained establishments rests with the local authorities. In voluntary aided academies, foundations and independent schools, responsibility rests with governing bodies or proprietors. While every effort has been made to give the best possible advice available, after consultation with a number of authoritative organisations concerned, no claim is made for comprehensiveness, nor are the contents of this Standard intended for use in connection with any legal proceedings. Any requirement for a safety measure in this Standard does not imply Government commitment to the provision of extra resources or funds.
1.6
1.7
This Standard reflects current best practice. As a general principle, this Standard does not duplicate national/international legislation or standards. However, where appropriate, additional guidance, interpretation and clarification have been provided. Applicable references for legislation, standards, etc. are listed in Appendix 2.
Note: New terms such as maximum operating pressure (MOP) and operating pressure (OP) have been introduced to reflect gas pressure terminology used in European standards. IGEM/G/4 defines these terms. These terms will arise in all relevant IGEM Standards in future and, possibly, in other standards. Referring to Figure 1, note how OP is shown to oscillate about the set point (SP). For a new system of installation pipework, the onus is on the designer to establish both the maximum incidental pressure (MIP) and MOP. For an existing system of installation pipework, the onus is on the designer/owner of the system to ensure that any increase in pressure within the system will not result in OP exceeding MOP of the system and on the gas transporter/meter asset manager (GT/MAM) to ensure that any change in their pressure regimes due to fault conditions will not jeopardise the safety of the downstream system. This involves effective communication between the GTs/MAMs and system designers/owners.
1
1.8
This Standard makes use of the terms should, shall and must when prescribing particular procedures. Notwithstanding Sub-Section 1.11:
the term must identifies a requirement by law in Great Britain (GB) at the time of publication the term shall prescribes a procedure which, it is intended, will be complied with in full and without deviation the term should prescribes a procedure which, it is intended, will be complied with unless, after prior consideration, deviation is considered to be acceptable.
Such terms may have different meanings when used in legislation, or Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Approved Code of Practice (ACoPs) or guidance, and reference needs to be made to such statutory legislation or official guidance for information on legal obligations. 1.9 It is now widely accepted that the majority of accidents in industry are in some measure attributable to human as well as technical factors in the sense that actions by people initiated or contributed to the accidents, or people might have acted better to avert them. It is therefore necessary to give proper consideration to the management of these human factors and the control of risk. To assist in this, it is recommended that due regard be paid to HS(G)48. 1.10 The primary responsibility for compliance with legal duties rests with the employer. The fact that certain employees, for example, responsible engineers, are allowed to exercise their professional judgement does not allow employers to abrogate their responsibilities. Employers must:
have done everything to ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, that there are no better protective measures that can be taken other than relying on the exercise of professional judgement have done everything to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that responsible engineers have the skills, training, experience and personal qualities necessary for the proper exercise of professional judgement have systems and procedures in place to ensure that the exercise of professional judgement by responsible engineers is subject to appropriate monitoring and review not require responsible engineers to undertake tasks which would necessitate the exercise of professional judgement that is beyond their competence. There should be written procedures defining the extent to which responsible engineers can exercise their judgement. When responsible engineers are asked to undertake tasks which deviate from this, they should refer the matter for higher review.
These principles equally apply to designated/delegated employees, contractors, etc. 1.11 Notwithstanding Sub-Section 1.8, this Standard does not attempt to make the use of any method or specification obligatory against the judgement of the responsible engineer. Where new and better techniques are developed and proved, they should be adopted without waiting for modification to this Standard. Amendments to this Standard will be issued when necessary, and their publication will be announced in the Journal of IGEM and other publications as appropriate. Requests for interpretation of this Standard in relation to matters within their scope, but not precisely covered by the current text, should be addressed to Technical Services, IGEM, IGEM House, 26-28 High Street, Kegworth,
1.12
2
Derbyshire, DE74 2DA and will be submitted to the relevant Committee for consideration and advice, but in the context that the final responsibility is that of the engineer concerned. If any advice is given by, or on behalf of, IGEM, this does not relieve the responsible engineer of any of his or her obligations. 1.13 This Standard was published in XXXX 2009.
STP MIP OP MOP SP Note1:
= = = = =
strength test pressure maximum incidental pressure operating pressure maximum operating pressure set point of the regulator
typically typically typically typically typically
82.5 mbar 75 mbar 19 to 21 mbar not exceeding 28 mbar 21 mbar.
This is extracted from IGE/TD/13 and simplified for the purposes of IGEM/UP/11.
Note 2: 1 mbar = 100 Pa
FIGURE 1 - RELATIVE PRESSURE LEVELS FOR EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS
3
SECTION 2 : SCOPE
2.1 This Standard covers the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of gas pipework, systems and appliances used for teaching purposes in educational establishments, including schools, colleges, universities and training facilities.
Note: IGEM/UP/11A and Appendix 4 provide additional guidance on the operational issues for gas systems and appliances.
2.2
This Standard assumes general compliance with other relevant Standards such as IGEM/UP/2, IGEM/UP/1 (or IGE/UP/1A or IGE/UP/1B, as appropriate), IGEM/UP/12, BS 6891, BS 6172 and BS 6173 and provide additional requirements as considered necessary in educational establishments. This Standard applies to the installation, alteration, replacement, servicing and maintenance of new and existing pipework and appliances.
Note 1: Gas meter installations are not covered in this Standard. For these, IGE/GM/6 or IGE/GM/8 or BS 6400 apply, as appropriate. Note 2: LPG storage is not covered. Guidance is provided in UKLPG CoP 1 and CoP 7.
2.3
2.4
This Standard covers piped gas supplied:
from gas distribution systems such as a Natural Gas (NG) distribution system or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) central bulk storage system through independent LPG supplies i.e. either a cylinder or an individual bulk storage vessel.
Gas canisters are not covered.
Note:
2.5
This Standard applies to 2nd and 3rd family gases, as defined in BS EN 437.
Note: 2nd family gases include lighter-than-air gases such as NG and manufactured substitutes (hereafter referred to as NG). 3rd family gases include heavier-than-air gases such as LPG and sometimes further defined as propane or butane, and in the vapour phase.
2.6
This Standard does not cover gas installations in individual domestic dwellings that are integral with an educational establishment. However, the installation of domestic gas appliances in the educational establishment itself is covered. This Standard does not cover the primary design requirements for central heating and domestic hot water plant, for which reference to IGEM/UP/10 is necessary. However, it does address automatic isolation valves (AIVs) and other safety features for schools. This Standard does not cover central catering installations for which reference to BS 6173 is necessary. This Standard does not cover the installation and use of specialist test and demonstration apparatus. For such apparatus, a competent person has to carry out a risk assessment and the apparatus operated by a competent person. This Standard does not cover gas operative training and assessment facilities. All pressures are gauge pressures unless otherwise stated. Italicised text is informative and does not represent formal requirements. Appendices are informative and do not represent formal requirements unless specifically referenced in the main sections via the prescriptive terms should, shall or must. 4
2.7
2.8 2.9
2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13
SECTION 3 : LEGAL AND ALLIED CONSIDERATIONS

This standard is set out against a background of legislation in force in GB at the time of publication (see Appendix 2). Similar considerations are likely to apply in other countries and reference to appropriate national legislation will be necessary. Appendix 2 lists legislation, guidance notes and standards etc. which are identified within these Standards as well as further items of legislation that may be applicable. Where standards are quoted, equivalent national or international standards etc. equally may be appropriate. Unless otherwise stated, the latest version of the referenced document should be used. A more comprehensive summary of many of the following items of legislation is given in HS(L)56. 3.1 HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK ETC. ACT (HSWA) HSWA applies to all persons involved with work activities, including employers, the self-employed, employees, designers, manufacturers, suppliers etc. as well as the owners of premises. It places general duties on such people to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of employees and the health and safety of other persons such as members of the public who may be affected by the work activity. 3.2 MANAGEMENT (MHSWR) OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK REGULATIONS
In addition to specific duties under GS(I&U)R (see Sub-Section 3.3) MHSWR impose a duty on employers and the self-employed to make assessments of risks to the health and safety of employees, and non-employees affected by their work. They also require effective planning and review of protective measures. 3.3 3.3.1 GAS SAFETY (INSTALLATION AND USE) REGULATIONS (GS(I&U)R) GS(I&U)R are relevant statutory provisions of HSWA, setting out general and detailed requirements dealing with the safe installation, maintenance and use of gas systems, including gas fittings, appliances and flues. GS(I&U)R address both NG and LPG. GS(I&U)R place responsibilities on those installing, servicing, maintaining or repairing gas appliances, pipework etc. as well as suppliers and users of gas. GS(I&U)R define the gas supplier for both NG and LPG and HS(L)56 provides guidance on those definitions, in particular for the more complicated case of LPG supplied from tanks and from cylinders. GS(I&U)R define the type of work that requires persons carrying out such work, or their employers, to be an "approved class of person", i.e. Gas Safe Register. The installer must check the safety of any appliance or pipework they install or work on and take appropriate action where they find faults. Where the premises are let or hired out, the landlord or hirer has special responsibilities to ensure that any installer they use for the gas fitting, service or maintenance or safety is a member of an approved class of persons (see clause 3.3.5) and is competent to carry out such work. If any serious fault is found, the installer must inform both the landlord/hirer, as well as the user, so that such faults can be rectified before further use.
3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4
3.3.5 3.3.6
5
3.3.7
GS(I&U)R place responsibilities on LPG suppliers to deal with escapes of LPG. For NG, GS(M)R apply (See Sub-Section 3.4).
Note: Advice on dealing with gas escapes is contained in IGE/SR/20.
3.4 3.4.1
GAS SAFETY (MANAGEMENT) REGULATIONS (GS(M)R) GS(M)R place specific duties on GTs, or their emergency service providers (ESPs), for dealing with gas escapes from pipes on their networks. Their primary duty is to make the situation safe. They are responsible not only for dealing with escapes from their own pipes, but also for dealing with escapes from gas fittings supplied with gas from pipes on their network. In GS(M)R, the term gas escapes includes escapes or emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) from gas fittings. The ESP has specific duties to:
3.4.2
provide a continuously staffed and free telephone service to enable persons to report gas escapes and pass such reports on to the person who has the responsibility for dealing with the escape.
In addition, there are duties imposed on gas suppliers and GTs to notify the ESP should they, rather than the ESP, receive a report of an escape from the consumer. 3.4.3 GS(M)R require GTs to investigate fire and explosion incidents upstream of the emergency control valve (ECV) and to send a report of the investigation to HSE. GTs are also required to investigate fire and explosion incidents downstream of the ECV but this is limited to establishing whether the seat of the fire or explosion was in an appliance and, if so, which one, or in the installation pipework. Responsibility for investigating RIDDOR reportable incidents (see Sub-Section 3.11) as a result of an escape of CO from incomplete combustion of gas from a gas fitting, is placed on gas suppliers. HSE must be notified before such investigations commence.
Note: Advice on dealing with gas escapes is contained in IGE/SR/20.
3.4.4
3.5 3.5.1
ELECTRICITY AT WORK REGULATIONS These Regulations apply to a wide range of electrical work, from overhead power lines to the use of office computers and batteries and include work on gas equipment using electrical energy. They are concerned with the prevention of danger from electric shock, electric burn, electrical explosion or arcing, or from fire or explosion initiated by electrical energy. They impose duties on every employer, employee and self-employed person and require that persons engaged in electrical work be competent or be supervised by competent persons.
Note: A "Memorandum of Guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations, 1989" is available from HMSO and gives useful information on the Regulations. Further advice is contained in HS(R)25.
3.5.2
3.5.3
6
3.6 3.6.1
CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH REGULATIONS (COSHH) COSHH, which reinforce existing statutory obligations under HSWA, impose a duty on employers to protect employees against risks to health, whether immediate or delayed, arising from exposure to substances hazardous to health, either used or encountered, as a result of a work activity. They also impose certain duties on employees. Under COSHH, work must not be carried out which is liable to expose employees to hazardous substances unless the employer has made a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risk created by the work and the steps that need to be taken to comply with COSHH. After assessing the risk, it is necessary to inform employees of the risks and to carry out the appropriate training and instruction to ensure the risks are minimised. In certain cases, control measures such as ventilation or personal protective equipment may be necessary and, where provided, they must be used. CONTROL OF ASBESTOS REGULATIONS These Regulations set out standards for the identification, monitoring and assessment of work that may expose workers to asbestos and the measures needed to control the risk. Employers cannot carry out any work that exposes, or is likely to expose, employees to asbestos unless an assessment of that exposure has been made. Employers have to set out steps to be taken to prevent, or reduce to the lowest level reasonably practicable, that exposure. Employers have to carry out medical surveillance of employees if they work over a certain time limit. The Regulations impose a duty on those with responsibilities for the repair and maintenance of non-domestic premises to find out if there are, or may be, asbestos containing materials within them; to record the location and condition of such materials and assess and manage any risk from them, including passing of any information about their location and condition to anyone likely to disturb them. There is an 18 month lead in period for this duty. Further information is available in HS(G)227. Other associated ACoPs are HS(L)127 and HS(L)143. GAS APPLIANCES (SAFETY) REGULATIONS Until 1992, the safety of consumers using gas appliances offered for sale in the United Kingdom (UK) was covered, generally, by the Consumer Protection Act and, specifically, by the Gas Cooking Appliance (Safety) Regulations and the Heating Appliances (Fireguard) Regulations. The Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations introduced specific requirements, for all gas appliances, which must be met before the product can be sold. All new appliances must carry CE marking and be endorsed for use in the UK.
3.6.2
3.7 3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
3.7.4 3.8
3.9
GAS COOKING APPLIANCES (SAFETY) REGULATIONS These Regulations give specific advice on installing cookers which may be second-hand or already belong to the customer.
3.10 3.10.1
EDUCATION (SCHOOL PREMISES) REGULATIONS These Regulations give specific advice, amongst other matters, on ventilation within school teaching areas.
7
3.10.2
These Regulations set out standards which specifically apply to schools. Some of their provisions, such as those on heating, can be more relevant than those of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations and others cover areas which are not covered in the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations. Guidance is given in the DIEE Document 0029/2000 Standards for School Premises. The standards in these Regualtions are not enforced by HSE, unlike those of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations. The Education (School Premises) Regulations 1999 is the current version of regulations which first appeared in 1981. The 1981 Regulations also prescribed minimum space standards for teaching areas and recreation areas in newly built schools but these provisions were never applied to existing schools and were removed. REPORTING OF INJURIES, DISEASES AND DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES REGULATIONS (RIDDOR) RIDDOR require employers, self employed people or those in control of work premises to report certain work related accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences. Other people have duties to report certain gas incidents which may not appear to be work related:
3.10.3
3.11 3.11.1
3.11.2

3.11.3
death or major injury arising out of the distribution, filling, import or supply of NG or LPG should be reported by the conveyor for NG and the filler, importer or supplier for LPG. dangerous gas fittings (as defined in RIDDOR) should be reported by a "member of a class of persons".
Major injuries, death and dangerous occurrences must be notified immediately, for example by telephone, to the enforcing authority by the "responsible person" as defined by RIDDOR. Reports can be made to the Incident Contact Centre by:
telephone on 0845 300 9923 email to riddor@connaught.plc.uk internet at www.hse.gov.uk/riddor or via a link from HSE website at www.hse.gov.uk.
It is also possible to report to the local HSE office by telephone and then follow up with a written report on the correct F2508 form within the required timescale (10 days, or 14 days for dangerous gas fittings). Other reports should be made as soon as practicable and within 10 days of the incident. HS(L)73 contains detailed guidance on RIDDOR, including a full list of injuries etc. that need reporting. 3.12 3.12.1 PROVISION AND USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS (PUWER) Work equipment has a wide meaning and includes tools such as hammers, laboratory apparatus, for example Bunsen burners, ladders, photocopiers, lifting equipment and machinery for use at work. PUWER place duties on employers in relation to selection, suitability, maintenance, inspection, installation, instruction and training, prevention of danger and control of equipment. More information on PUWER is given in HS(L)22. Free leaflets include INDG 291 and INDG 229.
3.12.2
3.12.3
8
3.13
CONFINED SPACES REGULATIONS These Regulations apply to a wide range of confined spaces. The supplier or designer of an enclosure and equipment within it is required to perform a risk assessment of the enclosure with respect to safe access and egress and to give clear instructions to operators on access/egress as well as to what actions to take in the event of a gas alarm occurring. Employers and the self employed should prevent entry into confined spaces unless avoidance is not reasonably practicable and unless there is a system of work which renders the work safe. They are also required to have specific emergency arrangements in place. More information on the Regulations is given in HS(L)101. A free leaflet, INDG 258, is also available.
3.14
BUILDING REGULATIONS a) England and Wales (As Amended) Building Regulations are Statutory Instruments that must be followed when engaged in any building work. They are written in a format of broad Regulations, setting out simple requirements in a Separate Schedule. Suggested ways of complying with these Regulations are contained in Approved Documents. The Approved Documents that apply to gas work are:
A B F G J L P
(Structure) (Safety in Fire) (Ventilation) (Hygiene) (Heat producing Appliances) (Conservation of Fuel and Power) (Electrical Safety).
M (Access to and use of buildings)
b) Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations and Amendments The Building Standards (Scotland) are written directly as Regulations within the Statutory Instrument. The Regulations can be satisfied:

3.15 3.15.1
by compliance with Technical Standards published by the Scottish Office conforming with the provisions of deemed to satisfy documents, for example British Standards other equivalent means.
CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS (CDM) CDM impose duties on designers, clients (and their agents), developers, planning supervisors and principal contractors. Not all the regulations apply to all construction projects. Further information is given in HS(L)144. For a notifiable project (as defined in CDM) the planning supervisor must notify HSE before construction work commences. Construction includes the alterations, repair, redecoration, maintenance, decommissioning or demolition of a structure. It also covers installation, commissioning, maintenance or removal of gas services. PRESSURE SYSTEMS SAFETY REGULATIONS (PSSR) PSSR impose duties on designers, importers, suppliers, installers and user or owners to ensure that pressure systems do not give rise to danger. This is done 9
3.16 3.16.1
by the correct design, installation and maintenance, provision of information, operation within safe operating limits and, where applicable, examination in accordance with a written scheme of examination drawn up or approved by a competent person (as defined by PSSR). 3.16.2 Relevant fluids for the purpose of PSSR would be NG at a pressure greater than of 0.5 bar and above atmospheric pressure or LPG (which is a liquid with a vapour pressure greater than of 0.5 barg and above at ambient temperature). A pressure system would include bulk storage tanks, pipelines and protective devices but not an LPG cylinder (transportable pressure receptacle). Once the pressure in the pipework drops below 0.5 barg, and the user/owner can show clear evidence that the system does not contain, and is not liable to contain, a relevant fluid under foreseeable operating conditions, then that part of the system is no longer covered by the Regulations. This is likely to be the case after the pressure relief valve associated with a pressure reducing valve which takes the pressure to below 0.5 barg, for example at the entry to a building.
Note: The special requirements placed on protective devices in such systems (see para 110b of HS(L)122). PSSR also apply to pipelines and their protective devices in which the pressure exceeds 2 barg (see Sch 1 part 1 item 5 of HS(L)122).
3.16.3
More information is available in HS(L)122 and some information is presented in INDG 261 and INDG 178. DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES AND EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES REGULATIONS (DSEAR) DSEAR are concerned with protection against risks from fire, explosion and similar events arising from dangerous substances used or present in the workplace. DSEAR require that risks from dangerous substances are assessed, eliminated or reduced. They contain specific requirements to be applied where an explosive atmosphere may be present and require the provision of arrangements to deal with accidents, emergencies etc. and provision of information, training and use of dangerous substances. DSEAR also require the identification of pipelines and containers containing hazardous substances. The following publications contain details of DSEAR and their application:
3.17
HS(L)138 HS(L)137 HS(L)136 HS(L)135 HS(L)134 INDG 370
10
SECTION 4 : COMPETENCY
4.1 Persons who design gas installations must have a knowledge and understanding of the standards and regulations that apply to ensure that the completed plans will produce a safe and satisfactory installation. The design shall also ensure safe operation and maintenance. Persons who install or maintain gas pipework, systems and appliances in educational establishments must be competent to do so and compliance with GS(I&U)R must be achieved where they apply. All gas works must be carried out by a business or self employed person(s) that is member of a class of persons registered with a registration body which has been approved by an approval body to operate and maintain such a register. The statutory regulations, registration bodies and approval bodies applicable to GB, the Isle of Man, Northern Ireland and Guernsey are shown below. In Jersey, registration with a Gas Registration body is voluntary.
Note: While it is essential to be competent, to satisfy HSWA (see Sub-Section 3.1) when installing a furnace, kiln, brazing hearth, fume cupboard, chimney or flue, there is no requirement to be registered as a Class of Persons providing it does not involve any associated work on a gas appliance/fitting.
4.2
4.3
4.4 4.3.2
COUNTRY OR TERRITORY Great Britain
GAS REGISTRATION BODY Gas Safe Register
APPROVAL BODY Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Health and Safety at Work Inspectorate (HSWI)
STATUTORY REGULATIONS Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1994, as amended and applied by the Gas Safety (Application) Order 1996 Gas Safety (Installation and Use) (Northern Ireland) Regulations 2004 Health and Safety (Gas) (Guernsey) Ordinance 2006
Isle of Man
Gas Safe Register
Northern Ireland
CORGI Gas Registration
Health and Safety Executive Northern Ireland (HSENI) Health and Safety Executive for the States of Guernsey [HSE (Guernsey)]
Guernsey
CORGI Gas Registration
4.5
Teaching staff who operate a gas-fired appliance shall be trained on the safe use and operation of the appliance.
11
SECTION 5 : GAS PIPEWORK

5.1 5.2 Installation pipework shall be installed in accordance with IGEM/UP/2. Pipework should have a design pressure drop from the outlet of the meter installation to the point of use, isolation valve or gas tap, as appropriate, of not exceeding 1 mbar for NG and not exceeding 2.5 mbar for LPG.
Note: It may be appropriate to have higher pressure drops for a system of MOP exceeding 21 mbar. IGEM/UP/2 contains appropriate requirements.
5.3
When sizing pipework, if it is proposed to make allowance for diversity of useage, due consideration shall be given to safety in the event of all appliances being used at once.
Note 1: For example, a laboratory may have 60 gas taps but only a design maximum of 30 students. Each may be operating a Bunsen burner so the design load could be 30 Bunsen burners. Allowance could also be made for extra pupils and the design might then be for 40 Bunsen burners in use. Similarly, if there are 30 gas cookers, it is unlikely that they will all be in use at the same time and a 70% load diversity could be applied. Note 2: Due account of the additional pressure drops across automatic isolation valves (AIVs), check meters and non-return valves (NRVs) need to be taken into consideration to ensure the maximum design pressure drop is not exceeded.
5.4
Gas pipework shall be identified by marking with Gas tape or painting with the appropriate yellow ochre colour to BS 4800 08 C 35. LPG pipework shall be permanently marked LPG at valves and major changes of direction/tees. IGEM/UP/2 contains more information.
5.5
The installation of any LPG storage vessel shall comply with UKLPG CoP 1. The location shall make due allowance for the separation distances from buildings, boundaries and property lines, the proximity of nearby and overhead cables, access for delivery and installation vehicles. For a piped gas supply to any burner provided with air, oxygen or other extraneous gases under pressure, a suitable device must be installed upstream of the first control in the gas supply to each burner, group of burners or the plant. The suitable device may be a NRV. Manual burners provided with air, oxygen or other extraneous gases under pressure, such as on brazing hearths, shall be fitted with a NRV at each location to protect the rest of the gas supply system.
5.6
5.7
The materials chosen for pipework shall be selected with regard their ability to withstand damage or unauthorised interference.
Note: Concealed pipework routes or the use of steel pipes are typical options.
Copper and pliable stainless steel (CSST) that is exposed or surface-mounted pipework is particularly vulnerable in this respect and shall not be used. Where copper pipe is located in protected or concealed locations, it shall be jointed using capillary fittings. 5.8 PE pipework shall not be installed in a building and shall not be exposed when installed outside a building (see Figure 2).
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X
FIGURE 2 - EXPOSED PE PIPEWORK IS NOT PERMITTED 5.9 Flexible stainless steel appliance connections, rubber Bunsen burner connections and pliable stainless steel pipework systems are all prone to damage and the design shall consider the associated operational and safety issues. Flexible stainless steel appliance connections shall be:
as short as reasonably practicable and not exceed 1.4 m long located other than inside any rising duct work connected to the fixed gas installation pipework with self sealing and swivel plug/socket end connections protected by stainless steel restraint cables, securely fixed to a secure surface such as a wall, floor, or fixed bollard (see Figure 4), of such length as will prevent the flexible connection from being over-stretched or excessively bent at its end connections constructed to BS 669-2.
The restraint cable shall not be fixed to the gas pipework in an overhead boom.
Note: It may, for ease of use, incorporate a snap-shackle for simple connection to a boom or to the building structure.
The point of fixing should be as high as practicable to prevent hanging loops of the restraining cable causing a hazard. 5.10 Any manual isolation valve shall be fitted with a secure valve handle.
Note: Such handles, and hence valves, can be interfered with if located in vulnerable locations. Nevertheless, isolation valves need to be accessible for maintenance and, where intended, for use in an emergency.
5.11
Any pipework system shall include isolation valves and local purge points at intersections/branches to allow maintenance, repairs and modifications, without the need to shut down the whole system. Any purge connections should be at least R3/4 or 25% of the pipe size, whichever is the larger, located at each end of any pipe section that may need to be purged during commissioning or decommissioning. Where pipework is located in a floor duct (Figure 3) or ceiling space (Figures 4 and 5) either:
5.12
the duct or space shall be ventilated to outside air, or the duct or space shall be ventilated into the room (see Figures 3 and 6), or
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5.13
the duct or space shall be filled with dry inert material, such as dry washed sand or crushed slate
Any overhead boom shall be directly ventilated into the room and sealed to prevent gas ingress into the ceiling space (Figures 4 and 5)
interior wall floor screed ventilator
sleeve
duct
gas pipe
void
seal
FIGURE 3 - SUGGESTED IN-FLOOR DUCT VENTILATION SYSTEM WHERE EXTERNAL VENTILATION IS NOT POSSIBLE
FIGURE 4 - TYPICAL OVERHEAD BOOM SYSTEM
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ceiling space
closed top to boom
ceiling tiles self-sealing plug ventilation into boom
FIGURE 5 - OVERHEAD BOOM SYSTEM AT FALSE CEILING LEVEL
self sealing socket for flexible hose
hook for restraint cable floor slab sealed sleeve
ventilated ceiling space
gas pipe
ceiling tiles
FIGURE 6 - TYPICAL FLOOR BENCHES ETC.
LEVEL
GAS
SUPPLY
FOR
MOVEABLE
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FIGURE 7 - TYPICAL BOOM GAS SUPPLY 5.14 Any duct or ceiling void containing gas pipework shall be ventilated to ensure that minor gas leakage does not cause the atmosphere within the duct or void to become unsafe. The level of ventilation is not intended to clear a major gas escape arising from damage or failure of a gas pipe.
Note: IGEM/UP/2 gives additional guidance.
Pipework located in ceiling voids is a special safety issue in many old designs of educational establishments. GS(I&U)R state that all pipework has to be in a ventilated location. Pipe voids shall be modified to include ventilation either to the outside air or internally to normally occupied spaces, such as corridors. Where it is impracticable to ventilate an existing duct, a gas detection system (as a minimum) shall be installed.
Note: Care will be needed to ensure that fire compartment walls/floors are not breached (see relevant Building Regulations).
5.15
Where gas pipework is located within a ceiling space, the space shall be ventilated along the route of the pipe, normally near to joint locations.
Note: Typically, ceilings comprise 600 mm x 600 mm panels.
A ventilated grill panel should be located near to each joint. Where this is not practicable, a gap of approximately 80 mm around the perimeter, should be applied (see Figure 8)
Note 1: An alternative is to form a small horizontal duct within the ceiling space containing the pipe and to ventilate this duct at each end with a grille free area of not less than 100 cm2 or 50% of the cross sectional area, whichever is the greater. Note 2: Note 3: IGEM/UP/2 provides further advice on this subject. Typically, grilles have a 50% free area.
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ventilator
floor screed
gas pipe passes through sealed sleeve
ventilated floor duct
gas pipe
FIGURE 8 - TYPICAL VENTILATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR DUCTS IN FLOORS AND CEILINGS 5.16 Where overhead gas pipework supplies are to extend to portable equipment, work benches or fume cupboards, in pipework shall be well supported and fixed such a way that it cannot sway (see Figure 7). This is also relevant for overhead distribution booms containing a number of laboratory services. Each boom shall be separately fitted with a manual isolation valve (see Figure 7) to assist in the maintenance of the equipment. 5.17 Where corrugated stainless steel pipe (CSST) is used in an unventilated space, a separate sleeve to that forming the covering of the stainless steel shall be applied throughout its length within the space. Each run of pipework shall be indelibly and permanently marked at locations along its route to discriminate the individual runs from each other.
Note: For example, for science areas, Lab 1 supply, Lab 2 supply, kitchen supply, etc.
5.18
5.19
CSST shall be supported throughout its route, for example on cable trays.
Note: Cable ties may also be used to secure horizontal runs of pipe.
FIGURE 9 - CSST PIPEWORK WITH ROUTE IDENTITY MARKING 17

SECTION 6 : GAS PIPEWORK AND APPLIANCE ISOLATION

6.1 6.1.1 EMERGENCY CONTROL VALVE (ECV) An ECV must be provided and designated as the ECV, by the GT to enable the supply of gas to the premises to be shut off in the case of an emergency. It will be situated at the end of the gas service and be upstream of the primary meter installation. For larger installations with twin stream regulators and possibly a meter by-pass, it may be convenient to designate the inlet or outlet meter isolation valve as an additional emergency control valve (AECV) to satisfy requirements under GS(I&U)R for emergency control (see Sub-Section 6.2). The ECV must be operated by a key, lever or a hand-wheel which is securely attached to the operating spindle of the control. The ECV shall be readily accessible for use in an emergency and the space around it must be kept clear of stored items and flammable materials. See Figure 10. Appropriate staff shall be briefed on the location and operation of the ECV.
6.1.2 6.1.3
FIGURE 10 - PRIMARY METER INSTALLATION SHOWING THE ECV ON THE INLET (LEFT HAND) SIDE 6.1.4 The means of operating the ECV shall be clearly and permanently marked or a notice in permanent form shall be prominently displayed close by to indicate whether the valve is open or closed.
Note: The handle may be painted RED to enable quick discrimination in an emergency.
6.1.5
Where vandalism or misuse is a possibility, access to the ECV may need to be restricted by means of a locked door, cabinet etc. and the key held in a place of security. In such circumstances, a permanent notice shall be displayed near to the lock indicating where the key may be readily obtained.
Note: The problem of unauthorised entry renders it generally impractical to locate a manual valve outside a building or even outside a self-contained area. In addition, the problems of unauthorised tampering with the valves may lead to hazardous situations.
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6.2 6.2.1
ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY CONTROL VALVES (AECVs) For use in an emergency situation, an AECV shall be installed as near as practicable to points where installation pipework enters each separate teaching and preparation area (see Figure 11). Appropriate staff shall be briefed on the location and operation of any AECV.
FIGURE 11 - ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY CONTROL VALVE 6.2.2
Any AECV shall: be easy to operate and located in a readily accessible position for use by teaching and technical staff. It shall not be located in a locked area such as in a secure box or in another teaching or preparation area if manually operated, be fitted with a suitable key, lever or hand-wheel which is securely attached to the operating spindle where the key or lever moves in the vertical plane, move to the off position in a downward direction. be designed to prevent anyone opening the AECV who is not authorised to do so be labelled or marked to show its open and closed positions.
The handle may be painted RED to enable quick discrimination in an emergency.
Note:
6.2.3
Where it is not practicable to install a manual isolation valve in a readily accessible position, or where it is beneficial to provide automatic means of isolating and restoring the gas supply to an area, an automatic means of isolation shall be installed.
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FIGURE 12 - CORRECT DESIGN OF A VALVE PROVING SYSTEM 6.2.4 6.2.4.1 Automatic isolation valves (AIVs) in teaching areas Where an AIV is required (see clause 6.2.3) the system shall include a downstream integrity check before the valve can be re-opened. The system shall be such that it can only be reset by authorised persons, for example with a key or a key code.
Note: The installation of emergency buttons, to operate the AIV at discrete points, is recommended (see Figure 13).
FIGURE 13 - EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON, CAN BE SHROUDED OR FITTED WITH A KEY RESET 6.2.4.2 Such automatic means of isolation shall, in the event of a shut down, require manual re-setting to take place such that an automatic check is performed to prove that all the downstream gas isolation valves are closed. When this automatic valve closes, a warning light or other signal shall operate and remain in operation until the condition causing the shut-down has been rectified and the control system has been reset.
Note 1: Such a system will include a combination of electrically operated valves, gas pressure switches and timers. Local or remote reset can be incorporated. Note 2: Further guidance is provided in IGEM/UP/2 Appendices 6 and 7.
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6.2.4.3
A permanent notice shall be displayed near to the services Master Remote Reset position indicating that, immediately before and immediately after operating the AIV system, a responsible person has to verify that all downstream manual isolation valves/gas taps are turned off. Fume cupboards may introduce particular hazards which are not necessarily protected by the laboratory main protection system. In such cases, a separate system may be needed to cover the fume cupboard and the interlock with the fan extraction system. In this system, the fan proving system shall cause the AIV to close upon fan failure. In existing teaching areas where no automatic means of isolation is fitted downstream of the laboratory or classroom isolation valve, a permanent notice shall be fitted stating that all downstream gas valves serving individual burners or appliances shall be checked to be in the off position prior to closing or opening the isolation valve. In this case the isolation valve (AECV) shall be located in a readily accessible position for the teaching or support staff to operate. Flammable gas detection systems should not be installed in laboratories as flammable solvents and chemical may lead to nuisance shutdowns. Boiler rooms School boiler/plant rooms are considered as areas of higher risk. The following additional safety precautions are required for new schools and where an existing boiler/plant room is upgraded or refurbished.
6.2.4.4
6.2.4.5
6.2.4.6 6.2.5
6.2.5.1
A means to automatically shut off the fuel supply in the event of a fire shall be installed. This should include an emergency shut-off push-button at the entrance to the boiler room. The system shall isolate the electrical power to the plant. In the event of an alarm condition, the system should require manual resetting by an authorised person. Where shut down is the result of a power supply failure, automatic resetting (local or remote) is permitted, to prevent the risk of pipe freezing during weekends or holiday periods. Alternatively, a system of alarm notification to remote keyholders may be used.
Note: Valve proving systems are not required for modern bolier/heating plant incorporating flame safety systems.
6.2.5.2
6.2.5.3
A heat detection system should be installed and linked to the fire alarm system to raise an alarm.
Note: Heat detection is preferable to smoke detection in a boiler room as smoke detection is more likely to cause false alarms.
6.2.5.4
During the initial risk assessment, the design shall be considered for potential gas releases, including those that may be caused by vandalism.
Note: The use of welded steel pipework should minimise the risks.
Copper pipes and small unions may be a particular risk and should be avoided, as far as practicable. Pipe of nominal bore not exceeding 50 mm shall be supported at least as specified in IGEM/UP/2. The stainless steel flexible pipes and shaft seals on gas boosters should be considered as a potential leakage risk.
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6.2.5.5
Where required, gas detectors shall be mounted in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and at locations where gas leakage may accumulate: For NG, the gas detectors should be mounted at high level at or near the outlet grilles or near mechanical extract grilles. For LPG, being heavier than air, the detectors should be mounted at low level. Gas detection should be considered for plant rooms that are not visited on a monthly basis during operational periods, to verify the safety of the gas pipework system.
Note: For oil fired boiler rooms with difficult access or which are located inside or connected to a building, a foam inlet point and, sometimes, smoke vents are often required. For large installations and especially with oil tanks within the building, foam spray heads are required by the Fire and Rescue Service with a pipe to outside for connection.
6.2.5.6
Where a boiler room/enclosure/space connects directly to, or is accessed from, a teaching area such as a cupboard in a classroom or corridor, a CO detection system shall be installed for all fuel types. Where a chimney from any fuel passes through a teaching/occupied, a CO detection system shall be fitted. The location of a boiler within a teaching area is not recommended. In such cases, a CO alarm system shall be fitted. Where a boiler room/enclosure/space connects directly to, or is accessed from, a teaching area such as a cupboard in a classroom or corridor, consideration shall be given to installing a flammable gas detection system. For NG this should be at high level and for LPG this should be at low level. The detection system(s) should both raise an alarm and isolate the fuel supply.
6.2.5.7 6.2.5.8 6.2.5.9
6.3
APPLIANCE ISOLATION A single manual isolation valve shall be provided in an accessible location for the teaching staff to isolate the gas supply from each group of appliances, such as a group of gas cookers. The valve shall be of the quick acting type, for example a 90o operation and shall be easily identifiable.
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SECTION 7 : LABORATORIES
7.1 7.2 Laboratories and preparation rooms should be designed as individual units with individual safety controls for each unit. Consideration shall be given, during the design of laboratories, to the installation of manual isolation valves at each bench or group of benches to enable easy maintenance of bench top gas taps. Where practicable, any gas tap shall be located above any table, bench or other working surface. It shall not be located in a position, such as the side of bench etc., where it may be susceptible to mechanical damage or cause injury. A gas tap on a fume cupboard shall be located in a safe position where it is not susceptible to mechanical damage and will not cause injury. 7.4 Any gas tap should be manufactured to BS 1552 and be so designed that its "on" and "off" positions can be readily identified. It should be of a design where it is not possible to turn on the tap by accident, for example of drop lever or press and turn design. The body of any tap supplied by pipework passing through a worktop etc. shall be designed such that it can be rigidly located, for example by the use of matching shaped holes cut in the worktop etc., such that rotation of the complete tap is prevented.
7.3
7.5
FIGURE 14 - LABORATORY BOLLARD 7.6 Where high pressure gas is used in conjunction with a gas burner, such as compressed air or oxygen, a NRV of an approved type must be installed in the gas supply to the laboratory or at each location where the high pressure gas is to be used (see Sub-Section 5.5).
Note: This is a legal safety requirement and the installer needs to recommend to the consumer that this valve be included in an annual maintenance check.
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7.7
Where a modular bench assemby with gas taps/electrical supplies is to be installed or where a gas supply is within a bench assembly, adequate ventilation shall be provided. For an internal bench of volume not exceeding 1 m, ventilation of at least 20 cm free area at both high and at low level shall be allowed. This shall be increased pro rata per cubic metre of volume. Ventilation should be to the outside but may be to normally occupied, ventilated classrooms/laboratories. LPG cylinders to supply gas to apparatus used by students shall not be located inside a building.
Note: This does not apply to small LPG cartridges used within soldering/jewellery blow torches etc. or purpose made cabinet heaters See Figure 15.
7.8 7.9
FIGURE 15 - AN EXAMPLE OF A CABINET HEATER AND BLOW TORCH
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SECTION 8 : ART, DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY

8.1 8.1.1 8.1.1.1 FIXED AND NON-MOVEABLE APPLIANCES General Gas-fired equipment used in art, craft and design and technology areas typically includes ceramic kilns, small crucible melting furnaces, forge hearths, glue pots, oxygen-assisted working flames for jewellery manufacture and small open ended forge furnaces. For this type of equipment, reference should be made to IGE/UP/12.
FIGURE 16 - KILNS 8.1.2 8.1.2.1 Selection of equipment or appliances Subject to clause 8.1.2.2, all new equipment of heat input exceeding 50 kW shall incorporate a flame supervision device (FSD). Where practicable, new equipment of heat input not exceeding 50 kW shall incorporate a FSD or flame detection system. 8.1.2.2 For high temperature plant, operating at a temperature in excess of 750oC, where it is not practicable to install a FSD system, a minimum of a safe-start checking system should be fitted. Instructions shall be given that such systems be under constant manual supervision.
Note: Details of safe-start systems (weep by-pass systems) are given in IGE/UP/12.
Thermo-electric flame supervision systems should only be used on open burners and shall not be used within kilns.
Note: The heat emitted from a kiln wall could result in a thermo-electric flame supervision system remaining open when it should be closed.
8.1.2.3 8.1.2.4
Where burner start-up is programme controlled, any automatic gas burner shall conform to BS EN 676 or IGE/UP/12. Any burner supplied with combustion air from a fan, compressor or cylinder shall be fitted with a pressure proving device in the air stream to detect air flow. Failure of the flow of air shall result in immediate closure of two electrically-
25
operated gas safety shut-off valves (SSOVs) in the supply to the burner(s). The valves shall be manufactured to BS EN 161.
Note: Any burner firing in the open, such as a brazing torch or a burner fitted to an appliance of heat input of less than 7 kW nett (7.5 kW gross), may not need to be fitted with safety controls, subject to risk assessment.
8.1.2.5
Wherever practicable, the gas/air ratio shall be controlled to ensure that rich firing does not occur unless by design (as in the case of ceramic kilns (see clause 8.1.8)).
Note: Rich firing may lead to the production and leakage of CO into the teaching space, should there be a fault on the flue system.
8.1.3 8.1.3.1
Installation of gas-fired equipment Equipment shall be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The instructions should include, where applicable:
guidance on the siting of the appliance ventilation requirements flueing requirements operating instructions, including purging maintenance instructions.
8.1.3.2
Further control measures may be required in specific circumstances. These should be identified by risk assessments. Appliances not fitted with flame safeguards shall be manually supervised during operation. Furnaces and kilns should be sited away from general work areas and, where practicable, be located in a separate room or area subject to the provision of adequate supervision. They should be situated on a load-bearing floor. Consideration shall be given to including protective measures, for example barriers, to prevent students being accidentally injured by hot surfaces. Plant controls shall be located in safe places. There shall be adequate clearance between the equipment and the ceiling and around the equipment to allow safe access for maintenance, servicing and the free movement of air. The floor, ceiling and walls adjacent to kilns should all be made of, or covered with, a non-combustible material. Combustible materials should not be stored near, or be allowed to accumulate around, any appliance. Where a flame safeguard is not fitted to any burner with an air fan, or where oxygen is used, an NRV must be fitted in the gas supply to the equipment to prevent air or oxygen inadvertently entering the gas pipework. Flues and chimneys Any flue or chimney shall be installed in accordance with IGE/UP/10. Where there is any doubt about the integrity of the chimney to contain combustion gases, advice should be sought regarding lining the chimney or replacement with a purpose designed stainless steel chimney. IGE/UP/10 also provides advice on pressure testing linings. Where there is any doubt about the integrity of an existing chimney, it should be tested for gas leakage with a CO or CO detector and consideration shall be given to the location of CO detection in rooms through which the chimney passes.
8.1.3.3
8.1.3.4
8.1.3.5 8.1.3.6
8.1.5 8.1.5.1
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FIGURE 17 - CO AND CO2 DETECTORS 8.1.5.2 Any extract canopy over a gas appliance shall be constructed of appropriate materials, for example of stainless steel if over cooking areas. Any extract duct, its routing and termination shall be in accordance with IGE/UP/10. The appliance manufacturer/designer shall be consulted prior to the installation of a flue damper and, where possible, these shall be selected from those specifically designed or intended for that make of appliance. Any flue damper shall be installed in accordance with IGE/UP/10 and shall be maintained in good working order and its operation checked regularly. It shall not be possible to completely close a damper controlling draught while fuel is reaching the burner.
Note: This can be achieved by cutting away part of the damper so that, with the damper in the fully closed position, one-third of the cross-sectional area of the flue remains open, by fitting a stop that prevents the damper from being more than two-thirds closed, or by interlocking the damper operation with the fuel supply.
8.1.5.3
8.1.6 8.1.6.1
Special procedures for ceramic kilns For certain glazes, incomplete combustion is deliberately produced. In such situations, the degree of rich firing shall be properly controlled. The rich gas firing part of the firing cycle shall only be permitted when the combustion chamber temperature exceeds 750oC. For a natural draught kiln, where rich gas firing is produced by restricting the flue-way, any shutter or damper used for this purpose shall not close the flue by more than 70% of the cross sectional area. Where there is a down-draught diverter in the flue and, under fault conditions, products of combustion could enter the room, the installer shall recommend that regular checks should be undertaken to ensure the effectiveness of the flue and the ventilation of nearby spaces. A CO detection system shall be installed for all fuel types. The detection system should both raise an alarm and isolate the fuel supply to the burners. Explosion relief panels should be fitted where flame protection is not installed or rich gas firing is not controlled. A flame safeguard system capable of operating over the complete range of lean/rich gas mixtures used to provide the required atmospheres shall be fitted to any kiln that is left in operation unattended, particularly overnight.
8.1.6.2
8.1.6.3
8.1.6.4 8.1.6.5 8.1.6.6
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8.2
PORTABLE EQUIPMENT Portable appliances include Bunsen burners and similar low-energy output appliances that can be connected to worktop taps and are under operator supervision while in use. Normally, an FSD is not required for such equipment.
8.2.1
Selection Where applicable to the appliance type, any new equipment shall be "CE" marked.
8.2.2 8.2.2.1
Storage and siting of equipment Equipment shall be stored, sited, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Further control measures may be required in specific circumstances and these should be identified by risk assessment. Portable equipment should be securely stored away from the general work areas and, ideally, be located in a separate room or area. Use of equipment At least once a year, all portable equipment shall be subjected to a detailed inspection and checks to ensure no gas leakage. Portable equipment shall be stable in use and not pose a safety risk to students. Any exhaust system from portable equipment shall be connected to a permanent exhaust discharge system. Where this is not practicable, the exhaust shall not discharge gases in such concentrations that may lead to danger to students or staff. The provision of ventilation shall be in accordance with the suppliers advice.
8.2.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.3.1 8.2.3.2 8.2.3.3
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SECTION 9 : FOOD TECHNOLOGY

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Any gas fired cooking appliance shall be installed in accordance with its relevant installation standard, for example BS 6172 and BS 6173. Any oven or similar enclosed burner equipment shall incorporate a FSD. Any new gas appliance shall incorporate an ignition device on all its burners and shall be CE marked. Each area containing a gas cooking appliance shall be provided with adequate ventilation for the safety of occupants and of the gas appliances. A CO2 monitoring system for the environment shall be installed. High levels of CO2 shall cause an alarm at 2800 ppm and shut down of the gas supply at 5000 ppm.
Note: Normally, monitoring of CO2 levels in this manner will provide adequate protection against dangerous levels of CO.
9.5
Where more than one gas cooking appliance is installed in a room, reference shall be made to HSE Information Sheet, Catering Sheet No. 10, for ventilation requirements. Reference should also be made to HSE Information sheet, Catering Sheet No. 23 on gas safety in catering and hospitality, and Building Bulletin 81.
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SECTION 10 : INSTALLATION OF APPLIANCES

10.1 The installation of any commercial gas appliance including:
hot water boilers exceeding 70 kW heat input steam boilers storage water heaters warm air heaters exceeding 70 kW heat input
shall be in accordance with IGE/UP/10 and any additional manufacturers instructions. 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Any radiant heater shall be installed in accordance with BS 6896 and IGE/UP/10 and any additional manufacturers instructions. Any radiant tube heater shall be installed in accordance with BS 7186 and IGE/UP/10 and any additional manufacturers instructions. Any commercial catering appliance shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and BS 6173. Any domestic gas appliance shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and the relevant Standards shown in Table 2. APPLIANCE TYPE Fires, convector heaters, fire/back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances Water heaters Central heating boilers Ducted warm air heaters Cookers Tumble dryers REFERENCE BS 5871-1, 2 and 3 BS BS BS BS BS 5546 6798 5864 6172 7624
TABLE 2 - INSTALLATION STANDARDS FOR DOMESTIC APPLIANCES 10.6 Unless otherwise stated in the manufacturers instructions, a free standing domestic cooking appliance using a flexible connector shall be fitted with a stability device secured to the fabric of the building. Typical devices are shown in Figure 18. In the arrangement shown, the stability bracket should be adjusted to give the smallest practical clearance between the bracket and the bottom engagement slot in the rear of the appliance. The stability chain should be kept as short as practicable and fixed positively to the rear of the appliance and to the structure.
30
Wall or floor mounted stability brackets are available to provide a minimum practical space of 87 mm between the cooker and the wall.
FIGURE 18 - METHODS OF PROVISION OF COOKER STABILITY
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SECTION 11 : VENTILATION
11.1 11.1.1 GENERAL Purpose-provided permanent ventilation shall be fitted to provide sufficient fresh air for combustion and climate control for all gas appliances. Ventilation is also required to limit the concentration of CO2 in all teaching and learning areas. When measured at seated height, during the continuous period between the start and finish of a teaching day, the average concentration should not exceed 1500 ppm.
Note 1: BS 5440 may also be used for guidance purposes for small domestic-sized installations. Note 2: Advice is also given in DCSF publication BB101 Ventilation of School Buildings.
Where it is necessary to leave a door or window open during operation of heat producing appliances, such as kilns, then, for additional climate control, CO2 monitoring of the environment shall be installed. High levels of CO2 shall cause an alarm at 2800 ppm and shut down of the gas supply at 5000 ppm. 11.1.2 The Education (School Premises) Regulations - which apply to existing and new buildings, include the following requirements for ventilation rates in school buildings.
all occupied areas in a school building must have controllable ventilation at a minimum rate of 3 litres of fresh air per second for each of the maximum number of persons the area will accommodate all teaching accommodation, medical examination or treatment rooms, sick rooms, isolation rooms, sleeping and living accommodation must also be capable of being ventilated at a minimum rate of 8 litres of fresh air per second for each of the usual number of people in those areas, when such areas are occupied all washrooms must also be capable of being ventilated at a rate of at least six air changes an hour. adequate measures must be taken to prevent condensation in, and to remove noxious fumes from, every kitchen and other room in which there may be steam or fumes.
In a typical laboratory of volume of 300 m, 30 children plus one adult will each need 8 litres (0.008 m) of fresh air per second. In one hour, the room requires 893 m i.e. 31 x 0.008 x 60 x 60 of fresh air. In terms of air changes per hour (ach), this is nearly 3 ach, i.e. 893/300.
Note:
11.1.3 11.1.4
Reference shall be made to IGE/UP/10 and IGE/UP/12 and the manufacturer's instructions for advice on ventilation requirements. For a new installation, if a mechanical system is used for gas safety purposes in teaching areas to either extract the products of combustion or to provide combustion air, means shall be provided to monitor the correct provision of air supplies for example by flow monitoring, by fan motor power monitoring or by environmental monitoring using CO2 measurement (see clause 11.1.1). Failure shall lead to shut-down of the gas supply or burners. If mechanical ventilation is provided for climate control only, provision of an interlock shall be considered as part of a risk assessment. A canopy hood and duct, to extract excess heat to atmosphere, should be fitted to all gas kilns. Where reasonably practicable, the ducting should lead to the outside of the building in as short and direct a route as possible. The effect on the operation of the appliance of mechanical ventilation, extraction fans, air recirculation fans
11.1.5
32
and canopy hoods/ducts shall be considered. The appliance shall be tested with a number of relevant ventilation scenarios. 11.1.6 Any extract ventilation system shall not adversely affect the safe operation of any flued appliance. This includes appliances in adjacent spaces, for example boiler rooms with connecting doors into the catering area.
Note: Flued appliances in this respect, includes open flued appliances, gas tumble dryers with external vents and room sealed appliances.
11.1.7
Ventilation of science laboratories must be designed to provide adequate ventilation for occupants and to dilute fumes and water vapour generated, for example during experiments using Bunsen burners.
Note: The Education (School Premises) Regulations give ventilation rates which allow for occupancy for teaching spaces. These require that: Controllable ventilation should be provided at a minimum rate of 3 litres of fresh air per person per second for each of the maximum number of persons the area will accommodate and that the spaces should be capable of being ventilated at a minimum rate of 8 litres of fresh air per second for each of the usual number of people in the space. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations also apply during use and require that: The fresh air supply rate should not normally fall below 5 to 8 litres per second, per occupant. Factors to be considered include the floor area per person, the processes and equipment involved, and whether the work is strenuous.
Note:
11.1.8
Any ventilation system in a teaching area shall be designed not to exceed noise levels 65 dB at 1.5 m height and at 300 m from the working face of the equipment or appliances. CO2 GENERATED IN A SCIENCE LABORATORY Consideration shall be given to the following information on CO2 generation.
11.2
11.2.1
CO2 generation from Bunsen burners Simple measurements of gas consumption indicate that a Bunsen burner typically uses 2 litres of methane per minute. A litre of methane, if burnt with an adequate supply of oxygen, produces a litre of CO2. In ten minutes a Bunsen burner will generate 2 x 10 x 10- m of CO2, i.e. 0.02 m. 15 Bunsen burners will produce 0.3 m of CO2. The increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be 0.3 x 106 /300 or 1000 ppm if there is no ventilation.
11.2.2
CO2 generated from occupants in the laboratory An average pupil might exhale 20 breaths of 0.5 litres of air per minute. Each breath will contain about 4% CO2, i.e. 20 x 0.5 x 0.04 x 10- m = 0.4 x 10- m CO2. In an hour, 31 people would generate 31 x 0.04 x 60 x 10- m = 0.74 m of CO2. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere will be 0.74 x 106 /300 or 2470 ppm. For a 50 minute lesson, the rise in CO2 will be 2060 ppm if there is no ventilation.
11.2.3 11.2.3.1
General The risk assessments for pollutants generated by science experiments conducted in the open laboratory assume a room volume of 200 m and at least 2 ach for a typical science laboratory. However, if the ceiling height is low, a higher ventilation rate will be required to achieve the same air change rate. In most laboratories and preparation rooms some form of mechanical ventilation will be required at least some of the time, to deal with pollutant loads and the heat gain and water vapour produced by Bunsen burners and other equipment
11.2.3.2
33
and solar gains. Hybrid mechanical/natural ventilation systems, rather than full mechanical ventilation systems, will probably be the most economic solution. 11.2.3.3 Heat recovery on local extract fans and on supply and extract systems is recommended to minimise ventilation heat losses. Where ducted fume cupboards are used, there needs to be an adequate supply of incoming air to compensate for the extraction when the cupboard is in use. All fume cupboards need to be installed and used according to the guidelines laid down in Building Bulletin 88.
34
SECTION 12 : ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES AND WIRING

12.1 12.2 The electrical wiring installation to appliances shall comply with BS 7671 and any specific requirements of the appliance manufacturer. All gas appliances and associated electrical components in the gas supply shall be suitable for use with the supply voltage and have an adequate power rating for the application. Fuses and other power overload protection systems shall have the correct rating for the application. Suitable methods of isolation shall be provided in readily accessible locations and outside for a distance of 300 mm from the external surfaces of the cooking appliances. These may include (among others), fused three pin plugs with shuttered socket outlets and fused double pole switches or spur boxes. Such means of isolation shall be located in a safe place away from exposure to heat, damp cleaning surfaces, hot surfaces or combustion products.
12.3 12.4
35
SECTION 13 : TESTING, COMMISSIONING AND MAINTENANCE

13.1 13.2 Any person employed for testing, commissioning or maintenance must be competent to carry out the work (see Section 4). Gas installation pipework shall be tested, purged, and commissioned in accordance with IGE/UP/1, IGE/UP/1A, IGE/UP/1B, LPGA TM 62 and BS 5482, as appropriate. The testing, commissioning and maintenance of any domestic-sized gas appliance shall be in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The testing, commissioning and maintenance of industrial and commercial plant shall be in accordance with IGEM/UP/4 and IGE/UP/10. Maintenance shall be performed at any time that teaching or maintenance staff consider it to be necessary. All gas appliances shall be maintained on a regular basis (see GS(I&U)R and PUWER) and the period between such maintenance shall be no greater than one year unless specifically stated otherwise in the manufacturers instructions. Maintenance shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. During maintenance, the correct operation of all controls and safety devices shall be verified. It shall also be ensured that the appliance is in a safe condition for use within a teaching establishment. At least once a year, all portable apparatus shall be subjected to a more detailed check to ensure no gas leakage. 13.7 Where practicable, all gas pipework and appliances should be visually examined on a regular basis (every term), for signs of damage or mal-operation or smell of gas leakage. Subject to risk assessment by a competent person, the pipework system will not normally require pressure testing on a regular basis, as long as it is annually checked for smell and well maintained. The correct operation of all supply air, extract air and flue systems shall be verified during maintenance. Appliance operation shall not be adversely affected by air movement from ventilation systems. The correct operation of all interlock and safety flue systems shall be verified during maintenance. Interlock and safety systems shall be maintained at periods not greater than those specified by the manufacturer, at least annually. Teaching/support staff shall routinely inspect all gas apparatus with particular attention being given to the safe operation of the appliance, any flexible connection, its end fittings and the self-sealing plug and socket. The Risk Assessment prepared to meet the requirements of DSEAR will also require inspection of joints on gas pipework and controls systems. Typically this will require an annual inspection of the pipework using combustible gas leakage detector or leak detection fluid. The application of regular pressure (tightness) testing on an annual basis is not normally necessary and 5 yearly checks should be adequate.
Note: DSEAR is retrospective and requires every occupier of every commercial premise to perform a risk assessment to demonstrate what, if any, parts of the system require the installation and issue of equipment suitable for a hazardous area, normally referred to as Zone 1 or Zone 2.
13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6
13.8
13.9
13.10
13.11
36
SECTION 14 : ADVICE TO BE GIVEN TO THE CONSUMER

14.1 The correct operation of any appliance and associated safety system shall be demonstrated to a responsible person in the teaching establishment. Detailed advice for the consumer is given in IGEM/UP/11A All user, installation and maintenance instructions provided by the manufacturer shall be given to the responsible person and left on site. These shall form the basis of any training and written start-up, shut down, emergency procedures and maintenance. All instructions should be kept in a site manual/file. Teaching/support staff shall routinely inspect all portable gas apparatus with particular attention being given to the flexible appliance connection, its end fittings and the self-sealing plug and socket. At least once a year, all portable apparatus shall be subjected to a more detailed inspection and checks to ensure no gas leakage. Comprehensive written instructions, outlining the correct start-up and shut down procedures as well as those for the safe operation of the appliance (including emergency procedures) and maintenance, should be clearly displayed in a prominent position next to the appliance together with al ist of those persons responsible for it. The User Instructions shall advise that persons who operate equipment shall be trained to do so, or this shall be included in the displayed instructions as above.
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
37
SECTION 15 : EMERGENCIES
15.1 All services should have a master control panel, which should be located near the main teaching (demonstration) position. This allows the teacher to control access to services as required and also to shut off any or all in the event of an emergency. The master panel should be able to isolate, as necessary, gas, electrical power circuits and water.
Note: The response to an emergency is outlined in IGEM/UP/11A.
15.2
The following hierarchy of priorities should be applied by the ESP in all cases when dealing with gas escapes: safeguard life safeguard property find and secure all gas escapes.
Those responsible persons on the premises before the arrival of an ESP shall prioritise safeguarding life and property. 15.3 The following actions shall be taken when a leakage of gas is suspected:
evacuate the affected area of the building turn off the ECV or AECV, as appropriate, immediately and leave it off until the escape has been repaired extinguish naked flames ventilate the affected area of the building by opening doors and windows do not operate electrical switches either on or off immediately report the gas escape using the appropriate Emergency Telephone Number.
LPG is heavier than air, so any escape of gas will tend to flow along the ground and into drains, basements etc.
Note:
15.4

15.5
The following actions shall be taken when a high level alarm of CO is suspected, for example when a CO alarm goes off: evacuate the affected area of the building investigate the potential source of CO ventilate the area isolate the appliance immediately report the situation using the appropriate Emergency Telephone Number ensure the appliance is checked by a competent person prior to further use.
The following actions shall be taken when a high level alarm CO2 is suspected, for example when a CO2 alarm goes off:
evacuate the affected area of the building investigate the potential source of CO2 ventilate the area isolate the appliance ensure the appliance or ventilation system is checked by a competent person prior to further use.
15.6
The following actions shall be taken when a high level alarm of flammable gas is suspected, for example when a NG or LPG alarm goes off:
evacuate the affected area of the building 38
investigate the potential source of flammable gas ventilate the area isolate the supply to the affected area if the gas leakage cannot be readily controlled locally, immediately report the situation using the appropriate Emergency Telephone Number ensure the pipework or appliance is checked by a competent person prior to further use.
39
APPENDIX 1 : GLOSSARY, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS, UNITS

A1.1 GLOSSARY
A glossary of terms is available in IGEM/G/1 and IGEM/G/4, both freely available with IGEM/UP/11. A1.2 ACoP AECV AIV CDM CE CO CO2 CoP COSHH CSST DSEAR ECV ESP FSD GB GS(I&U)R GS(M)R GT HMSO HSE HSWA IGEM LPG MAM MHSWR MIP MOP NG NRV OP PSSR PUWER RIDDOR SP SSOV STP UK UKLPG A1.3 ach mbar barg cm2 kW L Pa M UNITS air changes per hour millibar bar gauge square centimetres kiloWatt litre pascals metre ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Approved Code of Practice. additional emergency control valve. automatic isolation valve Construction (Design and Management) Regulations. European Community. Carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide Code of Practice. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations. Corrugated stainless steel tube. Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations. emergency control valve. emergency service provider. flame supervision device Great Britain. Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations. Gas Safety (Management) Regulations. gas transporter. Her Majesty's Stationary Office. Health and Safety Executive. Health and Safety at Work etc. Act. Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers. Liquefied Petroleum Gas. meter asset manager. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations. maximum incidental pressure. maximum operating pressure. Natural Gas. non-return valve. operating pressure. Pressure Systems Safety Regulations. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations. set point. safety shut-off valve strength test pressure. United Kingdom. UKLPG
40
mm m3 MJm-3 ppm o C v/v
millimetre cubic metres megaJoule per cubic metre part per million degree Celcius volume per volume
41
APPENDIX 2 : REFERENCES
This Appendix lists legislation and standards that are referred in the Standard. In addition, legislation and standards are listed which are not referenced within this Standard but which may be of use to the reader. A2.1 STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS
Consumer Protection Act 1987 Gas Act 1995 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 Asbestos (Prohibition) Regulations 1992 Building Regulations for England and Wales 2002 Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990 Building (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 Education (School Premises) Regulations 1996 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations 1995 Gas Cooking Appliances (Safety) Regulations 1995 Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 Gas Safety (Management) Regulations 1996 Heating Appliances (Fireguards) (Safety) Regulations 1991 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 Pressure Equipment Regulations 1999 Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992.
A2.2
OFFICIAL APPROVED CODES OF PRACTICE AND GUIDANCE
HS(R)25 HS(G)48 HS(G)227 HS(L)21 HS(L)22 HS(L)56 HS(L)73 HS(L)80 HS(L)101
Electricity at Work Regulations. Guidance Reducing error and influencing behaviour A comprehensive guide to managing asbestos in premises Management of Health and Safety at Work. ACoP and Guidance Safe Use of Work Equipment. ACoP and Guidance Safety in the Installation and Use of Gas Systems and Appliances. ACoP and Guidance Reporting of injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations. Guidance Gas Safety (Management) Regulations. Guidance Safe work in confined spaces 42
HS(L)122 HS(L)127 HS(L)134
Safety in pressure Systems. Regulations 2000. ACoP
Pressure Systems Safety
The management of asbestos in non-domestic premises. ACoP Design of plant, equipment and workplaces; Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002. ACoP and Guidance Storage of dangerous substances; Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002. ACoP and Guidance Control and mitigation methods; Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002. ACoP and Guidance Safe maintenance, repair and cleaning procedures; Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002. ACoP and Guidance Dangerous Substances and Explosive Regulations 2002. ACoP and Guidance Working with materials containing asbestos Managing Health and Safety in Construction ACoP CDM Regulations 2007 Memorandum of guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 Automatically Controlled Steam and Hot Water Boilers Written Schemes of Examination Using Work Equipment Safely Controlling airborne contaminants at work Pressure Systems - safety and you Simple guide to the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations Fire and explosion; How safe is your workplace? A short guide to the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002. Atmospheres
HS(L)135
HS(L)136
HS(L)137
HS(L)138 HS(L)143 HS(L)144 HS(R)25 PM5 INDG178 INDG 229 INDG 258 INDG 261 INDG 291 INDG 370
A2.3
BRITISH STANDARDS (abbreviated titles)
BS 669 BS 1552 BS 4250 BS 4800 BS 5440
Flexible hoses, end fittings and sockets Taper plug valves Commercial butane and commercial propane Flues and ventilation Part 1: Flues Part 2: Ventilation Butane and propane gas burning installations Installation of hot water supplies for domestic purposes Installation heaters Gas cookers Catering Appliances Domestic gas meter installations 43 and maintenance of gas-fired ducted air
BS 5482 BS 5546 BS 5864 BS 5871 BS 6172 BS 6173 BS 6400
Installation and maintenance of gas fires

A2.4
BS 6501 BS 6798 BS 6891 BS 6896 BS 7186 BS 7624 BS 7671 BS EN 161 BS EN 437 BS EN 676
Strip-wound hoses and assemblies Gas fired boilers Installation of low pressure gas pipework of up to 35 mm diameter Gas fired overhead radiant heaters Gas fired overhead radiant tube heaters Tumble dryers IEE Wiring regulations Automatic shut-off valves Test gases etc. Automatic forced draught burners
INSTITUTION OF GAS ENGINEERS AND MANAGERS

A2.5
IGE/UP/1 Edition 2 IGE/UP/1A Edition 2 IGE/UP/1B IGEM/UP/2 IGEM/UP/4 Edition 3 IGE/UP/10 Edition 3 IGE/UP/12 IGE/GM/6 IGE/GM/8 IGE/SR/20 Edition 2 IGE/SR/25 IGEM/G/4
Strength and tightness testing and direct purging of industrial and commercial gas installations Strength and tightness testing and direct purging of small low pressure industrial and commercial Natural Gas installations Tightness testing and purging of domestic sized Natural Gas installations Gas installation pipework, boosters and compressors on industrial and commercial premises Commissioning of gas commercial premises fired plant on industrial and
Installation of gas appliances in industrial and commercial premises. Part 1: Flued appliances Application of burners and controls to gas fired process plant Standard diaphragm and RD meter installations Meter installations Dealing with reported gas escapes Hazardous area classification of Natural Gas installations Definitions for the gas industry.
UKLPG
UKLPG CoP 1 UKLPG CoP 7 UKLPG CoP 22 UKLPG CoP 24 UKLPG CoP 25 UKLPG TM 62
Design installation and operation of vessels located above ground Storage of full and empty LPG cylinders and cartridges LPG Piping system design and installation Use of LPG cylinders LPG Storage and distribution systems Checking LPG pipework (withdrawn)
44
A2.6
THE EDUCATION (SCHOOL PREMISES) REGULATIONS
Building Bulletin 80: Science Accommodation in Secondary Schools. A Design Guide, School Building and Design Group, DfES Building Bulletin 81: Design Secondary Schools, 2004 and Technology Accommodation in
Building Bulletin 87: Guidelines for Environmental Design in Schools, DfES, 2nd Edition 2003. School Building and Design Group. Building Bulletin 88: Fume Cupboards in Schools, DfEE Architects and Building Branch Building Bulletin 98: Area Guidelines for Schools, DfES, 2004. Building Bulletin 100: Design for Fire Safety in Schools, DfES School Building and Design Group Building Bulletin 101: Ventilation of School Buildings
45
APPENDIX 3 : PROPERTIES OF GASES

Values quoted in the following clause are typical as composition of gases can vary. A3.1 NATURAL GAS
occurs naturally in underground or undersea geological structures having been produced by the breakdown of organic matter is composed of typically more than 90% methane with a variety of higher hydrocarbons and inert gases dependent on source is lighter than air and tends to rise when released into the atmosphere. In enclosed spaces, the highest concentrations are formed at highest levels. disperses readily if released into open air. is always encountered as a gas is non-toxic has a calorific value of approximately 41 MJ m- requires an air/gas ratio of approximately 9.8: 1 for stoichiometric combustion has an ignition temperature of approximately 650C has limits of flammability of approximately 4.5 % to 15% gas in air mixture.
46
MAJOR CONSTITUENTS
SUPPLY SYSTEM RANGE (mol %) Minimum Maximum 0.81 0.96 86.75 3.11 0.65 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.03 0 0 0.001 0.001 2.20 2.45 93.03 7.10 2.25 0.36 0.33 0.14 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01
TYPICAL COMPOSITIONS (mol %) (ex-terminal) St Fergus Bacton Lupton Terminal Terminal Terminal 2.20 0.96 86.75 7.10 2.25 0.36 0.25 0.01 0.03 0 0 0.003 0.001 0.81 1.92 93.12 3.11 0.65 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 2.45 1.69 87.21 6.18 1.74 0.19 0.33 0.14 0.05 0.01 0.003 0.001 0.003
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Methane Ethane Propane Iso Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Benzene Toulene
CO N CH CH6 CH iC nC C6 C C C9 C6H6 CH
MINOR CONSTITUENTS Hydrogen sulphide Methyl ethyl sulphide Diethyl sulphide Ethyl mercaptan Tertiary butyl mercaptan Water vapour Methanol vapour Dimethyl Sulphide
SUPPLY SYSTEM RANGE (ppm v/v) Minimum Maximum 0 0 0 0 0.5 10 0 0.2 3.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 550 200 0.8
TYPICAL COMPOSITION (ppm v/v) (including odorant) 1.0 0 0 0 1.2 100 100 0.5
Note 1: For odorised gas, Transco adds an odorant blend of TBM and DMS. Other sulphides and mercaptans will be present only in trace quantities of indiginious sulphur. However, the total sulphur concentration within the gas will always be lower than 35 ppm as specified in GS(M)R. Note 2: Gas distributed below 7 bar may contain very small quantities of additives, for example monoethylene glycol, or other conditioning agents. Note 3: Water content figures are those typically found in the distribution networks. There may be isolated instances where gas is saturated with water vapour at ground temperature.
TABLE
- TYPICAL NATURAL GAS (COURTESY OF BG TRANSCO)
COMPOSITIONS
(JANUARY
1998)
Mercaptans are widely used as odorants. These are sulphur based compunds and used in minute quantities give gas a typical bad egg smell. This is normally perceptible to the human nose at one part per million by volume of gas in air. A3.2 LPG
is obtained during the refining process of crude oil or as a condensed product of Natural Gas from oil and gas fields is heavier than air and tends to sink when released. The highest concentrations are found at lowest levels
47
IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment Note: In vapour phase, LPG is 1.5 to 2 times the density of air.
is difficult to disperse in still air and readily fills cellars, basements and ground depressions boils furiously if spilt from a storage vessel and can cause cold burns if in contact with the skin
In the UK, LPG is available in two basic forms commercial propane and commercial butane as defined in BS 4250.
Propane, generally: has a calorific value of approximately 95 MJ m-3 requires an air/gas ratio of approximately 24 to 1 for stoichiometric combustion has limits of flammability of approximately 2% to 11% gas in air mixture has an ignition temperature of approximately 480 C has a high vapour pressure (approximately 8 bar at 20 C) and an atmospheric boiling point of -42C usually is supplied in red cylinders. Butane, generally: has a calorific value of approximately 121 MJ m-3 requires an air/gas ratio of approximately 30 to 1 for stoichiometric combustion has limits of flammability of approximately 2% to 9% gas in air mixture has an ignition temperature of approximately 540C can have a narcotic effect if inhaled has a low vapour pressure (approximately 1.5 bar at 20C and an atmospheric boiling point of -2C. Is unsuitable for an installation where a low external temperature is expected usually is supplied in blue cylinders.
48

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INSTITUTION OF GAS ENGINEERS AND MANAGERS

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2 Communication XXXX

GAS INSTALLATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS DRAFT FOR COMMENT

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2 Communication XXXX

Gas installations for educational establishments

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2 Communication XXXX

Gas installations for educational establishments

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

Competency Gas pipework

Isolation 6.1 6.2 6.3

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 APPENDIX 1 2 3 TABLE 1 2 3 FIGURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Glossary, acronyms and abbreviations, units References Properties of gases

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

STP MIP OP MOP SP Note1:

typically typically typically typically typically

82.5 mbar 75 mbar 19 to 21 mbar not exceeding 28 mbar 21 mbar.

Note 2: 1 mbar = 100 Pa

FIGURE 1 - RELATIVE PRESSURE LEVELS FOR EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

This Standard covers piped gas supplied:

2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

SECTION 3 : LEGAL AND ALLIED CONSIDERATIONS

3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

M (Access to and use of buildings)

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

HS(L)138 HS(L)137 HS(L)136 HS(L)135 HS(L)134 INDG 370

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

COUNTRY OR TERRITORY Great Britain

GAS REGISTRATION BODY Gas Safe Register

Gas Safe Register

CORGI Gas Registration

CORGI Gas Registration

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

SECTION 5 : GAS PIPEWORK

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

interior wall floor screed ventilator

FIGURE 4 - TYPICAL OVERHEAD BOOM SYSTEM

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

closed top to boom

ceiling tiles self-sealing plug ventilation into boom

FIGURE 5 - OVERHEAD BOOM SYSTEM AT FALSE CEILING LEVEL

self sealing socket for flexible hose

hook for restraint cable floor slab sealed sleeve

ventilated ceiling space

FIGURE 6 - TYPICAL FLOOR BENCHES ETC.

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment

gas pipe passes through sealed sleeve

ventilated floor duct

FIGURE 9 - CSST PIPEWORK WITH ROUTE IDENTITY MARKING 17

IGEM/UP/11 Edition 2. Draft for Comment