McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions

SOLUTION MANUAL
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 1
1-1
(a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) x1.7307 = 170 W/(m-K) (b) 0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F) x4186.8=1.0 kJ/kg-K (c)
0.04 Ibm/(ft-hr) Ns x1.488 = 16.5 3600 sec/hr m2 Btu J 1 2.20462 Ibm MJ x x = 2.44 Ibm 9.48x104 Btu kg kg
Btu 1 x = 3.52 kW Ibm 3.412
x 6894.76 = 101 kPa
(d) 1050
(e) 12,000
(f) 14.7
Ibf in2
1-2
(a) 120 kPa x
lbf / in2 = 17.4 lbf/in2 6.89476kPa
(b) 100
W x 0.5778 = 57.8 Btu/hr-ft-F m K
(c) 0.8
W m K
2
x 0.1761 = 0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-F
(d) 10-6 N-s/m2 x
1 lbm = 6.7 x 10-7 1.488 ft sec
(e) 1200 kW x 3412 = 4.1 x 10-6 Btu/hr
(f) 1000
1 Btu 1 kg Btu kJ x x = 430 1.055 kJ 2.2046 lbm lbm kg m ) = 15.2 m ft
1-3
Hp = 50 (ft) x 0.3048 ( P =
15.2 m 9.807 N x ( ) x 1000 (kg/m3) = 149 kPa 1000 Pa/kPa 1 kg
1-4
P =
m kg 4 9.807 N (ft) x 0.3048 ( ) x ( ) x 1000 ( 3 ) ft 12 1 kg m
P = 996 Pa 1.0 kPa 1-5 TOTAL BILL = ENERGY CHARGE + DEMAND CHARGE + METER CHARGE
( 96,000 )
kw - hrs ( 0.045 ) $ / kw hr + ( 624 ) kw (11 50 ) $ / kw
+ $68 = $4,320 + $7,176 + $68 = $11,564
1-6
7 AM to 6 PM
11 hrs/day, 5 days/wk
(11)
hrs days (22) = 242 hrs / month day months
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
ratio =
( 624 ) kw = 1.57 ( 96,000 ) kw hr ( 242 ) hr
1-7
This is a trial and error solution since eq. 1-1 cannot be solved explicitly for i. Answer converges at just over 4.2% using eq. 1-1
1-8 Determine present worth of savings using eq. 1-1
$1000 ) 1( P=
0.012 1+ 12 0.012 12
(12 )(12 )
P = $134,000
1-9
(a) Q = VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s
m = Q = 6.16 x 10-3 x 998 = 6.15 kg/s

(b) A=
(0.3)2 = 7.07 x 10-2 m2
Q = 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

m = 1.225 x 0.283 = 0.347 kg/s
V = 3x10x20 = 600m3
1-10
Qi = 600 x
1 1 x = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s 4 3600
1-11
q = mc p T
c p = 4.183 kJ/(kg-K)
= 983.2 kg/m3
1-11 (contd)
m3 kg kJ kJ q = (1) ( 983.2) 3 ( 4.183 ) ( 5 )c = 20,564 s kg K s m q = 20,564 kw
1-12
qwat = qair
11,200(1)(10) =
5000x60x14.7x144x0.24(t 2 50) (53.35x510)
11,200 = 5601.5 (t2-50); t2 = (11,200/5601.5) + 50 = 70 F 1-13 Diagram as in 1-12 above.
q wat = - q air
1.5 (4186)(90-t2) = 2.4 (1.225)(1.0)(30-20)(1000) 6279(90-t2) = 29,400
5 t2 = 90 -
29,400 = 85.3 C 6279
1-14 q = hA(ts- t ) A= (1/12) x 10 = 2.618 ft2
t s = t 212 F sur
q = 10x2.618x(212-50) = 4241 Btu/hr
1-15 A= x 0.25x4 = 3.14 16 m2
q = hA(ts- t ) q 1250 = ; h = 4.42 W/(m2 C) h= A(t s -t ) 3.1416(100 10)

1-16 q = mcp (t2-t1) ; m = Q x
= P/RT = 14.7x144/53.35(76+460) = 0.074 lbm/ft3

m = 5000x0.074x60 = 22,208 lbm/hr
c p = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
q = 22,208x0.24(58-76) = -95,939 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates cooling
1-17 m1cp (t3-t1) +

m2cp2 (t3-t2) = 0 c p1 = c p2
t3 =
(m1t1 + m2t 2 ) (m1 + m2 ) 14.7x144 = 73.5 lbm/min 53.35(460 + 50)
m1 = Q2 1 = 1000x
1-17 (contd)
m2 = Q2 2 = 600x
t3 =
14.7x144 = 46.7 lbm/min 53.35(460 + 50)
(73.5x80) + (46.7 x 50) = 68.3 F (73.5 + 46.7)
7
Chapter 2
2-1 through 2-20 Solutions are not furnished since many acceptable responses exist for each problem. It is not expected that the beginning student can handle these questions easily. The objective is to make the student think about the complete design problem and the various functions of the system. These problems are also intended for use in class discussions to enlarge the text material.
Chapter 3
3-1 (a) Pv = r Ps = 0.45(3.17)kPa = 1.43 kPa or 0.45(0.435) = 0.196 psia Pa = 101 1.43 = 99.57 kPa or 14.696-0.196 = 14.5 psia (b)
P 1430 Pv = 0.0104 kg/m3 = RvT or v = v ; v = Rv T 462.5(297) v

or
0.196(144) = 0.00062 lbv/ft3 85.78(535)

0.6219 (1.43) = 0.00893 kgv/kga (99.57)
(c) W =
or
0.6219(0.196) = 0.00854 lbv/lba 14.5
3-2
(a) English Units t = 80F; P = 14.696 psia; Pv = 0.507 psia Table A-1a W = 0.6219
Pv 0.6219 (0.507) = = 0.0222 lbv/lba Pa (14.696 0.507)
i = 0.24t + W(1062.2 + 0.444t) i = 0.24 (80) + 0.0222[1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 43.55 Btu/lbm
v=
Ra T 53.35(460 + 80) = = 13.61 ft3/lbm Pa (14.696 0.507)144
(b) English Units 32F, 14.696 psia Pv = 0.089 psia (Table A-1) 3-2 (contd) W=
0.6219(0.089) lbmv = 0.00379 (14.696 0.089) lbma
i = 0.24(32) + 0.00379 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] = 11.76 Btu/lbma v= 3-2
53.35(492) = 12.48 ft3/lbma (14.696 0.089)144
(a) SI Units 27C; 101.325 kPa Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b W = 0.6219
Pv 0.6219(3.6) kgv = = 0.0229 Pa (101.325 3.6) kga
i = 1.0t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) kJ/kga i = 27 + 0.0229(2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 85.43 kJ / kga v=
Ra T 0.287(300) = =0.88 m3 /kga Pa (101.325 - 3.6)
(b) SI Units 0.0C; 101.325 kPa Pv = 0.61 kPa, Table A-1b W=
0.6219(0.61) =0.00377 kgv/kga (101.325 - 0.61)
i = 0.0 + 0.00377 (2501.3 1.86 x 0.0) = 9.42 kJ/kga v=
0.287(273) = 0.778 m3 /kga (101.325 - 0.61)
3-3
(a) English Units 5000 ft elevation, P = 12.24 psia = 24.92 in.Hg t = 80 F; Pv = 0.507 psia (Table A-1a) W = 0.6219
Pv 0.6219(0.507) = = 0.0269 lbv/lba Pa (12.24 - 0.507)
i = 0.24(80) + 0.0269 [1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 48.7 Btu/lbma v=
RaT 53.35(540) = = 17.05 ft3 / lbma Pa (12.24 - 0.507) 144
(b) English Units t = 32 F, Pv = 0.089 psia ( Table A-1a) W=
0.6219(0.089) = 0.00456 lbmv/lbma (12.24 0.089)
i = 0.24(32) + 0.00456 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] =12.58 Btu/lbma v= 3-3
53.35(492) = 15.00 ft3/lbma (12.24 0.089)144
(a) SI Units -27 C, 1500 m elevation P = 99.436 + 1500(-0.01) = 84.436 kPa Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b
10 W=
0.6219x3.60 = 0.0277 kgv/kga (84.436 3.60)
i = 27 + 0.0277 (2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 97.68 kJ/kga
3-3 (contd) v=
0.287x300 (84.436 - 3.60)
= 1.065 m3 / kga
(b) SI Units 0.0C; 1500m or 84.436 kPa Pv = 0.61 kPa; Table A-1b W=
0.6219 x 0.61 = 0.00453 kgv / kga (84.436 - 0.61)
i = 0.0 + 0.00453 (2501.3 0.0 x 1.86) = 11.33 kJ / kga v=
0.287 x 273 = 0.935 m3 / kga (84.436 - 0.61)
3-4 (a)
English Units 70F, Pv = 0.363 psia
Pv = Pg = 0.75(0.363) = 0.272 psia W=
0.6219 (0.272) (14.696 - 0.272)
= 0.0117 lbmv / lbma
i = 0.24 (70) + 0.0117 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 29.58 Btu / lbma (b) Pv = 0.75 (0.363) = 0.272 psia; P = 12.24 psia
11 W=
0.6219 (0.272) = 0.0141 lbmv / lbma (12.24 - 0.272)
i = 0.24(70) + 0.0141 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 32.20 Btu/ lbma 3-4 SI Units (a) 20C, 75% RH, Sea Level 3-4 (contd) Ps = 2.34 kPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa
W=
0.6219 x 1.755 = 0.0110 kgv / kga (101.325 - 1.755)
i = 1.0 t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) i = 20 + 0.0110(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 47.92 kJ / kga (b) 20C, 75% RH, 1525m P = 99.436 0.01 x 1525 = 84.186 kPa Ps = 2.34 KPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa W=
0.6219 x 1.755 = 0.0132 kgv / kga (84.186 - 1.755)
i = 20 + 0.0132(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 53.51 kJ / kga 3-5 English Units t = 72 Fdb; = 50 %; P = 14.696 psia
Pv or Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(0.3918) = 0.196 psia Ps
12 Air dewpoint = saturated temp. at 0.196 psia = 52.6 F Moisture will condense because the glass temp. 40 F is below the dew point temp. 3-5 SI Units t = 22C ; 50% ; P = 100 kPa Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(2.34) = 1.17 kPa
3-5 (contd) Air dewpoint = sat.temp. at 1.17 kPa = 9.17 C Glass temp. of 4 C is below the dewpoint of 9.17 C, therefore, moisture will ccondense on the glass
3-6 English Units (a) At 55F, 80% RH, va = 13.12 ft3 / lba and a = 0.0752 lbma / ft3
ma = 5000 (0.0762) = 381 lbma / min = 22,860 lbma / hr

(b) Using PSYCH a = 0.0610 lbma / ft3 or va = 16.4 ft3 / lba
m a = 5000 (0.061) = 305 lbma / min

3-6 SI Units (a) t = 13 C and relative humidity 80%
= 18,300 lbma / hr
then va 0.820 m3 / kga; ma = 2.36 / 0.82 = 2.88 kga / s (b) Assuming same conditions
v a = 0.985 m3 / kga ; ma = 2.36 / 0.985 = 2.40 kga / s
13
3-7 English Units t = 80F, 60% RH (a) Pv = Ps = 0.6 (0.507) = 0.304 psia
t dp = (t sat @ Pv ) = 64.5 F
(b) Same as (a) above 3-7 SI Units (a) 27 C, 60% RH, Sea Level Ps = 3.57 kPa; Pv = 0.6 x 3.57 = 2.14 kPa
t dp =(t sat at Pv ) 18.4 C

(b) Same as (a) above 3-8 t dp 9C (48F)
42% ;
Chart 1a & 1b
W 0.0071 kgv / kga (lbv / lba)
14
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1

R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY Copyright 1992
55
R
60
90
50
.028
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
60
1 .0
85
15
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-8
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
25
TU
30
TE
TI O
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
SA
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
48 (9)
15
72 (22)
20
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-9
(a,b,d) Using the Properties option of PSYCH: Relative Humidity = 0.59 or 59% Enthalpy = 30.4 Btu/lbma Humidity Ratio = 0.0114 lbu/lba (c) Again using the Properties option At W=0.0114 lbv/lba; RH = 1.00 or 100% The dew point = tdb or twb = 59.9 F
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
3000
5000
.0
2. 0
SENSIB LE HEAT TOTAL HEAT

0. 4
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85
WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F
.022
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY HU MIDITY RATIO
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C
% 70
42 %
Room
13 .5
U.F T. P RY .D LB ER
dp
45
50
55
60 %
.008
50
W=0.0071
% 50
A IR
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30 %
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
Y I VE H UMIDIT 10% RE LAT
30
15
3-9 (contd) (e) Using the Density of Dry Air option: Mass Density = 0.070 lba/ft3
3-10
Using program PSYCH (a) tdb = 102.6; twb = 81.1F 75 Fdb; 65 fwb; 14.2 psia (b) m = 58.7 lbm/hr
Q 2 = 1027 cfm
3-11 t1 = 80 / 67 F; t2 = 55 F and sat.; assume std. barometer (a) W1 W2 = 0.0112 0.0092 = 0.002 lbv / lba (b) ql = 31.5 - 29.3 = 2.2 Btu / lba (c) qs = 29.3 23.2 = 6.1 Btu / lba (d) q = ql + qs = 8.3 Btu / lba 0.6219 (0.3095) = 0.0134 kgv / kga (14.696 0.3095)
0.24 (65 - 80) + ( 0.0134 x 1056.5) = 0.00993 lbv / lba (1096 - 33)
3-12
* (a) W2 =
W1 =
also W1 = 0.6219 Pv1 / (P Pv1)

16 Pv1 = (0.00993 x 14.696) / ( 0.6219 + 0.00993) = 0.231 psia 3-12 (contd)
1 =
0.231 = 0.46 or 46% 0.507
(b) P = 29.42 (0.0009 x 5000) = 24.92 in.Hg. or P = 12.24 psia

* W2 =
0.6219 x (0.3095) = 0.01613 lbv/lba (12.24 - 0.3095)
W1 =
0.24(65 80) + (0.01613 x 1056.5) = 0.01265 lbv / lba ( 1096 - 33) or kgv / kga
Pv1 = 0.01265 x 12.24 / ( 0.6219 + 0.01265) = 0.244 psia
1 =
3-13
0.244 = 0.48 or 48% 0.507
(a) Sea Level Wet Bulb, F 60 59.6 65.1 70 85.8 Dew point F 40.6 49.2 60.1 60.9 81.7 Humid. Ratio, lba/lbv 0.0053 0.0074 0.0111 0.01143 0.0235 Mass Enthalpy Rel. Density Btu/lba Humid., % lba/ft3 26.6 21 0.072 26.1 40 0.073 30 60 0.073 33.8 40 0.071 50 56 0.068
Dry Bulb, F 85 75 74.6 88.6 100
17 (a) 5000 ft. Dry Bulb, F 85 75 71.2 102.7 100 Wet Bulb, F 60 58.6 61.6 70 81.3 Dew point F 45.1 49.2 56.7 55.8 76.1 Humid. Ratio, lba/lbv 0.0076 0.0089 0.0118 0.01143 0.0235 Mass Enthalpy Rel. Density Btu/lba Humid., % lba/ft3 28.7 25 0.060 27.7 40 0.061 30 60 0.061 37.3 22 0.058 50 47 0.057
(c) Note effect of barometric pressure.
18 3-14
R
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
SENSIB LE HEAT T OTAL HEAT

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-14
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
10
52 (11)
15
72 (22)
20
25
3-15
Use Chart 1b, SI (a) td = 10 C; SHF = 0.62 (b) q = m (i1 i2 ) =

2.4 (57.1 - 34) = 63.95 kJ / s = 63.95 k W 0.867
qs = 63.95 (0.62) = 39.65 kW

3-15 Use Chart 1a, IP (a) td = 52 F; SHF = 0.63
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-1 .0
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY HU MIDITY RAT IO
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
55
80
%
60
Max RH=49.6 %
ME -C U.F
14 .0 V U OL
.010
40
% 70
50
dp
50
55
60 %
13 .5
Room
W=0.0083
R B. D RL PE IR YA
T.
.008
45
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
19 3-15 (contd) (b)
q=
5000(60) (32 - 22.6)= 203,317. Btu/hr 13.87

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY Copyright 1992
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-2.
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
PO
ER
TU
Problem 3-15
PE U -B T Y
IR
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
1
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
10
52 (10) 55 (13)
15
80 (27)
20
25
qs = 203,317 (0.63) = 128,089. Btu/hr

3-16 (a) i1 = 30 Btu / lba; v1 = 13.78 ft3 / lba; W = 0.0103 (b) i1 = 51.6 kJ / kga v1 = 0.86 m3 / kga
lbv ; 1 = 50% lba
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
50 0
80
40
TE MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
ADP
50
% 70
T. P L B. ER
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
20
3-16 (contd) W1 = 0.0103
kgv kga
1 = 50%
3-17 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH:
q = 148,239 Btu/hr
qs = 102,235 Btu/hr
SHF = 0.69
3-18 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH for sensible heat transfer only:
qs = 178,911 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates heating.
3-19 Use the program PSYC to compute the various properties at 85/68 F; sea level and 6000 ft elevation. Elevation ft 0 6000 Enthalpy Btu/lbm 32.2 36.3 Rel. Hum percent 42 45 Hum. Ratio lbv/lba 0.0107 0.0144 Density lba/ft3 0.072 0.058
At sea level: ma = 5000 x 0.072 x 60 = 21,600 lba/hr

21 3-19 (contd) At 6000 feet:: ma = 5000 x 0.057 x 60 = 17,100 lba/hr Percent Decrease at 6000 ft:
PD =
3-20
(21 ,600 17,100)100 = 20.8% 21,600
Use the program PSYC to compute the heat transfer rates at 1000 and 6000 feet elevation: (a) at 1000 ft, q = 200,534 Btu/hr (b) at 6000 ft, q = 190,224 Btu/hr (c) PD =
(200,534 190,224)100 = 5.1 % 200,543
3-21 (a) English Units

PB = 29.92 in.Hg. ; q = 0
i = iw = 180.2 + 0.8 (970.2) W

iw = 956.4 Btu / lbv From chart 1a; t2 = 91.5 F
22

R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0

0.4
0. 3
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-21
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
4 0%
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
10
15
20
91.5 (32) 98 (38)
25
3-21 (a)
SI Units PB = 101.325 kPa
i = iw = 419.04 + (0.8 x 2257) W

iW = 2224.6 kJ / kg From chart 1b; t2 = 32 C (b) Use Humidification (adiabatic) option to obtain 91.5 F db. PB = 29.92 in.Hg.; q = 0 (a) Using chart 1a
3-22
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY HU MIDITY RATIO
35
75
2
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
60 %
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
14 .0 V U OL ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P RY .D LB ER
50
55
60 %
13 .5
.008
45
50
% 50
A IR
.006
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
23
3-22 (contd)
i = iw = 1090 Btu / lbm W
From table A-1
x=
i-if 1090 - 196.1 = ifg 960.1
x = 0.931 or about 93 % (b) x will be the same

R
55
R
60
90
50
.028
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
60
1 .0
85
15
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-22
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
PO
ER
TE
TI O
SA
25
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
10
15
80
20
25
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
50 00
.0
2.0

0. 4
Qs Qt
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85
WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F
.022
20
15 00
ENT HAL PY HU MIDIT Y RATIO
1090
1 000
80
h W
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
b
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
55
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
80
.010
60
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P L B. ER
50
55
60 %
13
.008
DR
45
50
% 50
.5
YA IR
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
24
3-23 Assume PB = 101.325 kPa; q = 0
i 272.1 = iw = kJ / kg W 1000
iw = 0.272 (on scale) t2 = 22.6 C
R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa Copyright 1992
11 0
R
12
0
30
10 0
28
1.0
0 .8
10 .0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0.5
30
0 .9
1 .0
1 .5 2. 0
12 0
-5. 0
0.7
90
30 WE TB UL BT
26

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-4.0 -2 .0
4 .0
-2.0
0.0
0.272
80
EM
-1 .0
PE R
24
0.2
0 .1
AI R
O F
IL O G
EM
ER
Problem 3-23
R E P J -K LP Y A TH
AM
50
T
TU
TI O
TU
40
80 %
15
90 %
20
HUMI DITY RATIO - GRAM S M OISTURE PER KI LOGR AM D RY AIR
SA
20
10
5
40 %
0 .8
10
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
20
22.6
30
38
40
50
3-24
For adia. humidification (a)
4. 0
5.0
AT
UR
1 .0
E-
C
22
-0 .5
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
ENTHALPY HU MIDITY RAT IO
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
0 .9 0
18
16
20
20
90
2
0 .8 8
14
12
80
10
30
% 80
0 .8
15
6V
70
U OL
10
% 60
1
IC M
ME -C UB
70
4 0. 8
0%
ET ER R gD Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
60
YA
20 %
IR
0 .7 8
IVE 10% RE LAT
HU MID ITY
50
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR
i = iw = 1131 Btu / lbw W
25
3-24 (contd)
qc = ma (i2 - i1)
m = 2000 x 60 / 13.14 a
m a = 9132 lba / hr
i1 = 18.1 Btu / lba ; i2 = 29.7 Btu / hr

qc = 9132 (29.7 - 18.1) = 105,931 Btu / hr
m w = m a (W3 - W2 ) ; W3 = 0.0167; W2 = 0.0032 lbv/lba
m w = 9132 (0.01 67 - 0.0032) = 123.3 lbw / hr
26

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-200 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0

0.4
0. 3
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PE
TE
Problem 3-24
-B T Y AL P N TH E
PO
ER
TU
30
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
10
60 (16)
15
20
25
110 (43)
(b) Solution similar to (a)
3-25 English Units See diagram for construction on chart 1a.
32 2000 Q1 2 = = = 12 3000 Q3 3
Layout 2L/3 on the chart and read: W3 = 0.007 lbv/lba
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5
- 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
ENTHALPY HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
1131
1 000
80
h W
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
3
.016
70
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
30 %
T. P DR L B. ER
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2.
2
.002
10% REL ATI
Y VE H UM IDIT
30
27 I3 = 22.2 Btu/lba
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-200 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0

0.4
0. 3
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
Problem 3-25
PE U -B T Y AL P N TH
TU
30
ER
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40
45 40
35
35
35
40 (4)
10
58.4 (15)
15
20
100 (38)
25
3-25
SI Units
Same procedure as above, read:
i3 = 34 kJ / kga
W3 = 0.007 kgv / kga
3-26 English Units Layout the given data on Chart 1a as shown for problem 3-25.
ma1 = 2000(60) 12.66 = 9,479lba hr

12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5
- 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
77
h W
80
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
2
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
1 4 .0
% 90
LU VO ME
52
50 45
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
55
T. P DR L B. ER
.008
3
50
60
%
1 3 .5
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
1
1 2. 5
20 %
10% REL ATI Y VE H UM IDIT
.002
30
28 3-26 (contd)
ma2 = 1000(60) 14.44 = 4,155lba hr

ma1 32 9479 = = = 0.695 12 ma1+ma2 9479 + 4155
Layout distance 32 on line from 1 to 2 to locate point 3 for the mixture. Read: i3 = 21.5 Btu/lbm W3 = 0.0067 lbu/lba For W, % Error =
(0.007 0.0067)100 = 4.5 0.0067
For I, % Error =
(22.2 21.5)100 = 3.3 21.5
3-27 SHF =
250,000 = 0.8 200,000
or SHF =
59 = .81 73
29

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
0.8
300 0
0 .8
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
PE
TE
Problem 3-27
U -B T Y AL P N TH E
PO
TI O
28.2
A SA TU R
ER
TU
30
25
15
40 35
35
45
40
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
10
53 (12)
15
75 (24)
20
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
3-28
Refer to diagram for 3-27 (a) q = ma (i1 - i2 ); i1 = 28.2; i2 = 21.5
ma = 250,000 / (28.2 - 21.5) = 37,313 lba / hr

Q = ma v 2 = 37,313 x 13.09 / 60 = 8,140 ft 3 / min
(b) similar procedure; Q = 3.85 m / s
3
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
50 00
2. 0
0 .5

0. 4
Qs Qt
-2.
-1. 0
4 .0 8 .0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 4 - 0. -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
21.5
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
60
65
% 90
50 %
1
.012
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U .F
% 70
T. P DR L B. ER
50
55
.008
2
45
50
60
%
1 3 .5
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
30 3-29 (a) Use the AirQuantity option of program PSYCH, iterating on the relative humidity and setting the minimum outdoor Air Quantity to 0.01, NOT ZERO. Use the properties option to find the entering wet bulb temperature of 62.6F. Then
= 0.852
ts = 56F
(iterated)
Qs = 9,360 cfm
(b) Proceed as above
= 0.882
ts = 56F
Qs = 10,014 cfm
3-30 Proceed as in 3-29 above.
= 0.92
ts = 56.1 56 F
Qs = 11,303 cfm
3-31 (a) SHF =
500,000 = 0.91 550,000
31
3-31 (contd) (b)
q = ma (i2 -i1)
or ma = q/(i2 -i1)
ma = 550,000 (34.3 22.8)
ma =47,826lba hr
Q2= m a v 2 47,826 = x 14.62=11,654 cfm or 5.5 m3/s 60 60
32

R
55
60
90
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1.0
85
1 5 .0
-2000
0.91
300 0
0.8
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-31
U -B T Y AL P N TH
PO
ER
TU
30
TE
PE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
1
4 0%
10
15
72 (22)
20
25
115 (46)
3-32 q = ma (i2 -i1)
i2 =
q +i1 ma
ma
i2 =
1400 x 60 = 5,915.5 14.2

-5 x 12,000 +38.5 5,915.5
i 2 = 2 8 .3 6 Btu/lba
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
5000
2. 0
0 .5
SENSIBLE HEAT TOTAL HEAT

0.4
Qs Qt
-2.
-1. 0
4 .0 8 .0
-1 00 0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
50 0
TE MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 4 - 0. -0.3
80
40
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
34.3
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
22.8
55
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
80
%
60
30 %
DR L B. ER
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
45
50
IR YA
50 %
.006
35
.004
30 %
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
Y IVE H UMIDIT 10% RE LAT
30
33 Then from Chart 1a, t2= 67F

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2. 0
0 .5

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-32
R PE U -B T Y AL P TH
28.4
TI O A SA TU R
PO
ER
TU
30
TE
25
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
55
15
67
20
90
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
3-33 Use Adiabatic Mixing option of PSYCH with the Properties option to enter requested data. Assume volume flow rates of 3 to 1 to obtain. Tmix,db = 84.2 F Tmix,wb = 71.3 F
3-34 Use Program PSYCH at Sea Level elevation Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the leaving air quantity for the coil.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
-1.
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
70
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
14 .0 V U OL
2 ADP 55
50
55
60 %
13 .5
ME
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U .F
% 70
T. P R .D LB ER
.008
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
34 3-34 (contd)
(a) Supply air quantity is 9,384 cfm. (b) The outdoor air quantity is 938 cfm. (c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 60.5 F wb at a rate of 9,740 cfm (d) The coil capacity is 248,256 Btu/hr. The amount of air returned is: (9,740 939) = 8,802 cfm.
3-35 Use Program PSYCH at 5,000 ft elevation Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the leaving air quantity for the coil. (a) Supply air quantity is 11,267 cfm. (b) The outdoor air quantity is 1,127 cfm. (c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 62.1 F wb at a rate of 11,697 cfm (d) The coil capacity is 334,143 Btu/hr. The amount of air returned is: (11,697 1,127) = 10,570 cfm.
3-36
Q 0 = 1000 cfm
(a) From Chart 1a
t s =120 / 74 F
ms = q 200,000 = (is -ir ) (37.2 22.8)
35
= 13,889 lb/hr = m1
Qs = msv s = ms (14.78)/60 = 3,421 ft 3 / min

(b) mo = Qo /v o = 1000 x 60 / 12.61 = 4758 lb/hr
mr 13,889 4758 = = 0.66; From Chart 1a t1 = 61/ 47 F m1 13,889
t 3 - t1 = (119 61)
(c) mw = ms (Ws -W2 ) = 13,889 (0.0075 - 0.0036) = 54.2 lbm/hr (d) qf = m1(i3 -i1) =13,889 (32.8 18.6) = 197,224 Btu/hr
36

R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
0.8
300 0
.026
2.0
0 .5

0.4
0. 3
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1 .0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
0.2
0 .1
IR
PE
TE
Problem 3-36
-B T Y AL P N TH E
PO
ER
TU
30
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3. 0
r
4 0%
40
10
61
15
72
20
25
120
3-37
(a) t s = 120 / 71.4 F
Use Chart 1Ha
ms = 200,000 /(38.7 24.0) = 13,605 lba/hr = m1

Q s = 13,605 x 17.85 / 60 = 4048 cfm
(b) m 0 = (1000 / 15 .2) x 60 = 3947 lba/hr

mr 13,605 3947 = = 0.71; t1 = 62.8 / 47 F m1 13,605
t 3 -t1 = (119.5 62.8)

(c) m w =ms (w s -W1) = 13,605 (0.0088 - 0.0046) = 57.14 lbw/hr
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
1150
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
14 .0 V
% 90
U OL ME
55
80
%
60
30 %
DR IR YA
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. B. RL PE
47
45
50
55
60 %
13 .5
.008
50
% 50
.006
35
1 1
.004
30%
3
.002
20 %
1 2. 5
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
37 (d)
qf = 13,605 (33.8 - 20.2) = 185,028 Btu/hr
3-38
Assume fan power and heat gain are load on the space
ms = 9384 x 60 = 42,915 lbm/hr; Prob 3-34 13.12
Wfan + qduct = ms (is ic )

= (4 x 2545) + 1000 = 11,180 Btu / hr
ic = 20.8 11 ,180 = 20.54 Btu/lbm 42,915
State c is required condition leaving coil Part a, b, and c are same as prob. 3-34; (d) qcoil =m1(i1-ic ) = 42,915 (26.8 - 20.54) = 268,648 Btu/hr
38

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0 .5

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-2.
-1 .0
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
TU
Problem 3-38
R PE U -B T Y
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
45
10
55
15
72
20
100
25
3-39
qr = m s (i r i s ); W fan = m s (i s i c )
(a) ic = 28 Btu/lbm; ir = 33.7 Btu/lbm Using Chart 1Ha
qr = 1,320,000 Btu/hr
Wfan = 30 x 2545 = 76350 Btu/hr
Wfan = 30 x 2545 = 76,350 = ma (is -ic )
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20.54
20
15 00
0
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
65
50 %
14 U OL .0 V
.014
45
.012
60
65
% 90
55
80
%
60
ME -C U.F
.010
40
% 70
T. DR B. RL PE
50
c s 50
55
60 %
13 .5
.008
45
YA
% 50
.006
IR
4 0%
35
40
30%
1 3. 0
.004
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
39
qs = 1,320,000 = ma(ir -is )

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
85
R
60
50
.028
1.0
50 00
5000 FEET
0 .6
0 .5
60
1 8 .0
80
1 .0
0.8
0 .8
2. 0
-2 000
.026
45
80 W ET
SENSIBL E HEAT TOTAL HEAT

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
-1 000
0.2
0 .1
AI R
RY
AT
UR
ND
ER
TU
RA
TI O
Problem 3-39
-B LP Y A TH EN
PO
TE
PE R
SA
TU
25
s
60
c
55
% 90
% 80
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
15
35
40
35
10
62.5 (17)
15
80 (27)
20
90 (32)
25
Two unknowns & two equations
Solve simultaneous:
W fa n + q s = m a (ir -ic ) ma= 1 ,3 2 0 ,0 0 + 7 6 ,3 5 0 (3 3 .7 -2 8 )
m a = 2 4 4 ,9 7 4 lb a /h r
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
BU
LB
TE MP
.024
ER
75
50 0
AT U
40
RE
55
- F
.022
-0 .5 -0 .4 - 0.3 -0 .2
-0 .1
15 00
17 .5
75
10 00
.020 h W
ENTHALPY HU MIDIT Y RATIO
35
70
50
.018
70
30
65
17 .0
.016
65
50 %
r
59 (15)
60
.014
45
.012
16 .5 V
20
.010
50
70 %
55
40
U OL ME -C
45
50
.008
% 60
16 .0
U .F T. P ER
40
45
50
R .D LB
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
30 %
.004
1 5 .5
20%
.002
I TY TIV E HUMID 10% RELA
30
40
is = ir - ( qs ma )
is = 33.7 1,320,000 =28.3 Btu/lba 244,974
Locate points on the condition line on Chart 1 Ha and point c is on cooler process line horz. to left of points. Read ts = 62.5 F, tc = 61.6F. (a) Qs =
244,974 x16.2 = 66,143cfm 60
(b) Qs = 31.2 m 3 s
3-40
English Units Tucson, Arizona, Elevation 2,556 ft.
imin =i0 =31.1 Btu/lba and sat. air ; t min =64.5 F; PSYCH
Shreveport, Louisiana, Elevation 259 ft.
imin =i0 = 42.5 Btu/lba and sat. air ; tmin = 76.8 F; PSYCH
SI Units Tucson, Arizona
imin =i0 = 51.5 kJ/kga ; tmin =18.1 C; Chart 1b

Shreveport, Louisiana
imin =i0 =75.5 kJ/kga ; tmin =24.8 C; Chart 1b
41

R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
259 FEET
0 .6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
15 .0
-2 000
.026
2.0
0 .5
SENSIBL E HEAT T OTAL HEAT

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
-1 000
0.2
0 .1
AI R
TE M
ER
Problem 3-40 Shreveport, LA

TU -B Y LP TH A N E
- F
PO
PE
AT U
30
O N
AT I
25
AT
15
40 35
35
45
40
10
15
76.8
20
95
25
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE TB UL
.024
-1
-8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
BT EM
50 0
80
40
PE R
55
AT UR EF
.022
-0 .5
-0 .4 - 0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
15 00
80
.020 h W
10 00
75
35
TLO
50
.018
75
14 .5
70
SL
.016
70
.014
45
65
60
65
% 90
1 4.
.012
20
55
80
.010
UM OL 0V
60
40
70
E-
50
55
% 60
.008
CU .FT DR LB . ER .P
45
50
50
1 3. 5
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
.004
30%
1 3 .0
20 %
.002
IVE 10% RE LAT
HUMIDITY
30
42

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
85
50
.028
1.0
0 .8 50 00
2556 FEET
0 .6
60
5 16 .
1 .0
85
-2 000
.026
2. 0
0 .5
SENSIBL E HEAT T OTAL HEAT

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
-1 000
45
0.2
0 .1
O U
EM
ER
Problem 3-40 Tucson, Arizona

R PE TU -B LP Y A
IR
O F
30
TU
TI O
TU
TH
25
65
EN
60
90 %
SA
15
35
35
10
64.6
15
20
102
25
3-41
q = m s (ir i s )
(a) ms = 12,000 /(28.2 19.1) = 1,319 lba/hr ton
Qs = 1319 x 15.6 = 343 cfm/ton 60
mo r1 13 = = = 0.55 or 55% ms r0 23.5
(b) Qs 0.046 m3 / s - kW
m0 /ms 55%
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
80
0
.024
55
50 0
-0 .5 -0 .4 - 0.3
40
80
WE
-0 .2
-0 .1
TB
UL
.022
20
15 00
BT
75
10 00
EM P
ER A
TU
1 6 .0
RE
- F
.020
h W
35
75
.018
50
70
.016
70
65
TLO
.014
45
1 5 .5
.012
55
60
% 80
.010
40
1 5.
50
% 7 055
% 60
UM OL 0V
.00 8
45
E-
50
CU
40
45
40
% 50
1 4.
. LB ER .P .FT
TA
.00 6
4 0%
30 %
35
DR IR YA
.00 4
1 4 .0
20%
.00 2
ITY TIV E HU MID 10% RELA
30
43

R
55
85
R
60
50
.028
1.0
0 .8
50 00
5000 FEET
0 .6
0 .5
60
1 8 .0
80
1 .0
2.0
-2 000
.026
45
80 W ET
0.7
0 200

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
-1 000
0.2
0 .1
AI R
DR
PE RA
TU
RE
UN
PO
TU
AT
Problem 3-41
AL PY EN TH
TE
PE R
IO
-B
UR
SA T
25
60
55
% 90
% 80
40 %
1 6 .5 LU VO
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR
15
35
40
35
10
50 (10)
15
75 (24)
20
100 (38)
25
3-42 q = m2 (i2 i3 ); m2 =
m 2 = 26,042 lba/hr
500,000 (41.1 21.9)
Q 2 = 26042 x 14.55/60 = 6315 cfm m 0 = 0.25 x 26,042 = 6511 lba/hr m 0 / m 3 = 0.25; t mix = 67.5 / 49.5 F
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
300 0
BU
LB
TE MP
.024
ER
75
50 0
AT U
40
RE
55
- F
.022
.5 -0 -0 .4 - 0.3 -0 .2
-0.1
15 00
17 .5
75
10 00
.020 h W
ENT HALPY HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
35
70
50
.018
70
30
65
17 .0
.016
65
.014
45
60
.012
20
.010
50
70 %
55
40
ME -C
45
50
.008
s
40
45
% 60
16 .0
U.F T. P ER
50
10 %
0
L B. DR
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
30 %
.004
1 5 .5
20%
.002
IVE 10% REL AT
HUMIDI TY
30
44 3-42 (contd) Preheat Coil:
qph = m0c p (t 4 -t 0 ) = 6511 x 0.24 (60-6) = 84,383 Btu/hr
Heat Coil:
qh = m2 (i5 -i1) = 26,042 (28.4 - 20) = 218,753 Btu/hr

Humidifier:
m w = m2 (W2 -W5 ) = 26,042 (0.0144 - 0.0035)

= 283.9 lbw/hr
(b) Q2 = 2.98 m3 / s; qph = 24.7 kW; qh = 64.1 kW;
m w = 0.036 kg/s
45
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 000
.026
2.0
0 .5

0.4
0. 3
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
-1 00 0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-42
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
10
60 (16)
15
70 (21)
20
105 (40)
25
3-43
Use Chart 1a; qd = ma (ir is ) or m a = q d /(ir i s ) (a) m a = 150 x 12,000 / (28.4-22) = 28,125 lbm/hr
Qd = 28,125 x 13.25/60 = 61,211 cfm

Qm = 0.20 Qd = 1,242 cfm
mm = 1 ,242 x 60/13.5 = 5,521 lbm/hr [vm assumed]

im =ir 1.8 x 12,000/5,521 = 24.5 Btu/lbm; tm = 62 / 57 F
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
ENT HAL PY HU MIDITY RATIO
1153
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
2
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
30 %
IR YA
T. P
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR L B. ER
45
50
50 %
.006
4 0%
3 1 5
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10%
H UM IDITY REL ATI VE
30
46 (b) Qd = 2.93 m3 /s; Qm = .59 m3 /s; tm = 17/14 C

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
Problem 3-43
ER
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45 40
1 3.
10
60 (16)
15
75 (24)
20
25
3-44
(a) ma =
15.0 x 12,000 = 29,508 lba/hr (31.2 - 25.1)
Qd = 29,508 x 16.0/60 = 7,869 cfm; Qm = 0.2 x Qs
= 1,574 cfm
mm =1 ,574 x 60/16.2 = 5,829 lba/hr (v massumed)

im = 35.7 1.8 x 12,000/5,829 = 27.5 Btu/lba;
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
0.6
300 0
50 00
0.8
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2. 0
0 .5

0. 4
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
14 .0 V
% 90
U OL
55
m 80 % s
% 70
r
60
ME -C U.F T. P L B. ER
.010
40
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
62 (17)
20 %
10% RE LAT Y IVE H UM IDIT
.002
1 2. 5
30
47
tm = 62.5 / 58 F
(b) Q s =3.7 m3 / s; Qm = 0.74 m3 /s; tm = 17 /14.4 C 3-45 Use Chart 1a;
mr 10 = 0.8 = m1 0r
[Both design and min. load condition] is = ir - qm / ms
ms =
Qd 50 x 12,000 = ir i s (29.35 - 22.3)
m s = 85,106 lba/hr; m s is constant for all conditions i s' = 29.35 25 x 12,000/85, 106 = 25.83 Btu/lba
(a) From Chart 1a; t s' = 64 F (b) m s i s + m b i1' = (m c + m b ) i s'
m b (i s i s' ) 24.2 25.8 = = 0.271 = m c (i s' i1' ) 25.8 31.7
(b) From chart 1a; t d = 49 F for both cases
48

R
55
60
90
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-45
O N D U PO R PE U -B T
IR
ER
TU
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
10
55 (13) 64 (18)
15
77 (25) 85 (29)
20
95 (35)
25
3-46
Refer to problem 3-45. Results are similar.
3-47 (a) It is probably impossible to cool the air from 1 to 2 in one process. The extension of line 12 does not intersect the saturation curve. (b) Cool the air to state 1' and then heat to state 2.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
50 00
0.9
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
1 .0
2.0

0. 4
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
40
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
0'
75
14 .5
.018
70
.016
50 %
70
.014
45
65
1'
.012
60
65
1 4 .0
% 90
LU VO
s'
55
80
ME
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P L B. ER
50
s
50
55
.008
60
%
1 3 .5
DR
45
IR YA
% 50
.006
45 40
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
49

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0 .5

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-47
PO
ER
TE
67
65
TU
30
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
10
52 (11) 60 (16)
15
80 (27)
20
25
3-48
(a)
mc sh = =.837 ms ch
mh cs = = 0.163 ms ch
mc 0.837 = = 5.14 mh 0.163
q = ms (ir is )
ms = 50 x 12,000 = 93,750 lba/hr (28.2-21.8)
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
90 %
70
.014
45
60
65
% 90
.012
14 U OL .0 V ME
54
50
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U .F
% 70
T. RY B. D RL PE
1'
50
55
.008
45
60
%
13 .5
% 50
A IR
.006
4 0%
1 3.
35
40
30%
0
.004
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
50
Q s = 93,750 x 13.2/60 = 20,625 cfm
(b) Qs = 9.7 m3 /s
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0.65
0 200
0 .5

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0. 1
IR
PO
ER
TU
Problem 3-48
PE U -B T Y AL P
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
10
52 (11)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
3-49
See diagram of problem 3-48 (a)

mc mh 10.1 36 = = 0.9; = = 0.10 ; ms 46.3 ms 46.3
mc 0.9 = = 9.0 mh 0.10
ms =
50 x 12,000 = 83,333 lba/hr (30.1 - 22.9)
Q s =83,333 x 15.67/60 = 21,763 cfm

12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
300 0
-1.
.5 -0 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
90 %
65
14 .0 V U OL
.012
60
% 90
ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P R .D LB ER
50
55
60 %
13 .5
20 %
h
.008
45
50
s
% 50
IR YA
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2.
.002
10% REL ATI
Y VE H UM IDIT
30
51
(b) Qs =10.3 m3 /s 3-50 (a) See diagram for problem 3-48

mc = 0.837; qc = mc (ir -ic ); mc = 0.714 x ms = 0.837 x 93,750 ms
mc = 78,469 lba/hr ; Qc = 78,469 x 13.04/60 = 17,054 cfm
qc = 78,469 (28.2-20.6) = 596,364 Btu/hr

(b) Qc =8.1 m3 /s; qc = 175 kW
3-51 SI Units (a) On the basis of volume flow rate using Chart 1b:
Q2 =
13 Q3 = 0.69 x 1.18 = 0.815 m3/s 12
and Q1= Q3 - Q2 = 1.18 0.815 = 0.365 m3/s
(b)
q34 = ma3 (i4 -i3 ) = q34 =
Q3 (i4 -i3 ) v3
1.18 (47.8-41.0) = 9.6 kW 0.835
52
R
11 0
R
12
0
30
10 0
28
1.0
0 .8 0. 7
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
30
0 .9
1 .0
4
12 0
1 .5 2. 0
SENSIB LE HEAT T OTAL HEAT Qs Qt
-2
-1 .0
0. 3
-5.0
-2.0
90
30 WE TB UL BT E
26
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-51
D O F AM R IL O G R K E P J
AI R
EM
ER
50
TU
TI O
LP Y
TU
20
TH
40
SA
HUMIDITY RATIO - G RAM S M OISTURE PER KILOGR AM D RY AIR
-K
20
5
40 %
0 .8
10
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
12
20
17.2
24
29
30
40
50
English Units
(a) Q1= 640 cfm; q34 = 33,684 Btu/hr
3-52 (a),(b) From Chart 1b, states 1.4 and ADP are known. Based on approx. 11.8 C db, 11.2 C wb, and 90% RH locate state 2. Then for full load design condition air is cooled from 1 to 2 and the room process proceeds from 2 to 4.
4. 0
5.0
10 .0
Problem 3-51
0.5
4 .0
-4.0
.0
0. 4
-0 .5
0.0
MP ER
24
1 .0
80
AT
UR
E-
C
22
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
18
0 .9 0
16
20
50 %
0 .8 8
90
14
12
14.7
15
30
90
80
10
% 80 3
15
0 .8 6V
11
10
70
U OL ME
% 60
70
-C UB
4 0.8
10
IC M
50
ET ER g Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
DR IR YA
60
20 %
0 .7 8
IVE 10% RE LAT
HUM ID ITY
50
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILO GRAM O F DRY AIR
53 For the high latent load condition, the air at 2 is reheated to state 3 where it enters the space and the process proceeds to state 4. (c) q24 = ma (i4 -i2 ) =
Q2 (i4 -i2 ) v2
Q2 =35 x 0.817 (47.7-32) ;
Q2 = 1.82 m3/s
q12 = ma (i1-i2 ) = q12 = 63.7 kW
1.82 (60.6-32) 0.817
q34 = ma (i4 -i3 )= q34 = 18.5 kW
1.82 (47.7-39.4) 0.817
q23 = q24 - q34 = 35-18.5=16.5 kW
54
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
11 0
R
12
0
30
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa Copyright 1992
10 0
28
1.0
Problem 3-52
0.7
SEA LEVEL
SENSIB LE HEAT T OTAL HEAT Qs Qt
-2
-1. 0
30
0 .9
1 .0
0 .8
10 .0
12 0
1 .5 2.0
4 .0
-4.0
.0
-5. 0
-2.0
90
30 WE TB UL BT E
26
0. 6
0.5
0. 4
0. 3
0.0
MP ER
24
0.2
0 .1
AI R
AM
IL O G
EM
ER
50
TU
Problem 3-52
E P J -K LP Y
O F
TI O
TU
20
TH
40
17
15
90 %
HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAM S M OISTURE PER KILOGR AM D RY AIR
SA
20
5
40 %
0 .8
10
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
11.8
19
20
23
27
30
40
50
3-52
English Units (a),(b) See above (c) Q2 = 4103cfm ; q12 =221,243 Btu/hr
3-53 English Units (a)
4. 0
5.0
1 .0
80
AT
UR
E-
C
22
-0 .5
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
0 .9 0
18
21
20
16
90
14
1
0 .8 8
12
80
10
30
14 11
ADP
10
% 80
15
0 .8 6V
70
U OL ME
2
10
% 60
3
4 0 .8
70
-C UB IC M
% 50
ET ER R gD Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
60
IR YA
20 %
0 .7 8
IVE 10% RE LAT
HU MID ITY
50
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILO GRAM O F DRY AIR
q34 = 67,498 Btu/hr; q23 = 52,502 Btu/hr
q=ms (ir -is ); ms = 5000 x 60/13.2 = 22,727 lba/hr

(specific volume value of 13.2 ft3/lbm is assumed.)
55
is = ir - q /ms =28.2 10 x 12,000 / 22,727 = 22.9 Btu/lba
t s = to = 57.5 F; Ws =Wo = 0.0083 lbv/lba

(b)
mr 0m m = = 0.462 r mm 0r ms
mr =0.462 x 22,727 = 10,500 lba/hr mo = 22,727 10,500 = 12,227 lba/hr

Qr = 10,500 x 13.68/60 = 2,394 cfm
Qo = 12,227 x 12.11/60 = 2,468 cfm
(c)
mr 0'm' = =0.578 mm' 0'r
mr =0.578 x 22,727 = 13,131 lba/hr; mo' = 9,596 lba/hr

Qr =13,131 x 13.68/60 = 2,994 cfm; Q o' = 9,596 x 13.48/60
= 2,156 cfm (d) qc = ms (im' -is ) = 22,727 (28.4 - 22.8) = 127,271 Btu/hr
56

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
ER
TU
Problem 3-53
PO R PE U -B T Y
IR
30
P
TE
TI O
SA
TH
25
0'
60
65
% 90
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
45 40
40 (4)
10
57.5 (14) (18) 65
15
75 (24)
20
25
3-53 SI Units (a) ts = 14.2C; Ws = 0.0083 kgv/kga

3 3 (b) Qr =1.13m s ; Qo =1.17m s
(c) Qr =1.41m
s ; Qo' =1.02m3 s
(d) qc = 37.3 kW 3-54 (a) Any combination that will yield an enthalpy less than 57.0 kJ/kga or 33 Btu/lba
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
0.8
2.0
0 .5

0. 4
Qs Qt
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
43 (6)
0
15 00
1150
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
90 %
65
70
.014
45
.012
14 U OL .0 V
m'
60
50 %
r
ME
55
80
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P DR L B. ER
50
s
50
55
.008
60
%
13 .5
ADP
45
YA
% 50
.006
IR
4 0%
35
m
1 3. 0
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
70 (21)
.002
30
57
(b) m s = 5 / 0.84 = 5.95 kga/s = mr
mo mr = =0.36 mr 0r
mo = 0.36 x 5.95 = 2.14 kga/s

Qo = 2.14 x 0.852 = 1.82 m3 /s = 3,857cfm
(c) tad = 15.4 C or 60F (d) qo /qn = (im -is )/(ir -is ) = 1.0 (Essentially, no difference)
R
11 0
R
12
0
30
10 0
28
1.0
0 .8
10 .0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0.5
30
0 .9
1 .0
1 .5 2. 0
4
12 0
-5.0
-2.0
0.7
90
26

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-4.0 -2 .0
4 .0
30
0.2
0 .1
AI R
AM
IL O G
EM
ER
50
TU
Problem 3-54
E P J -K LP Y
O F
TI O
TU
m2
TH
40
HUMIDITY RATIO - G RAM S M OISTURE PER KI LO GR AM D RY AIR
SA
20
40 %
0 .8
10
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
18 (64)
20
25 (77)
30
40
50
4. 0
0.6
0.0
WE TB UL BT
EM
-1. 0
-0 .5
PE R
24
5.0
1 .0
80
AT
UR
E-
C
22
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
18
57
0 .9 0
16
20
14
90
0 .8 8
12
15
30
90
% s
80
10
% 80
0 .8
15
6V
70
10
U OL ME
% 60
70
-C UB
4 0. 8
10
IC M
0%
ET ER gD Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
60
RY
20 %
20 (68)
HUM ID ITY
A IR
0 .7 8
IVE 10% RE LAT
50
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KI LO GRAM O F DRY AIR
58 3-55
SHF =
424,000 = -4 530,000 424,000
Construct condition line on Chart 1a with preheat and mixing processes. (a) qsen = -424,000 = m sc p (t r -t s )
ms = 424,000 = 88,333 lba/hr 0.24 (75 95)
Q s =88,333 x 14.07/60 = 20,714 cfm or 9.8 m3 /s

(b)
mr hm = =0.33; mr = 0.33 x 88,333 lba/hr mm hr
mr =29,150 lba/hr; Qr = 29,150 x 13.68/60 = 6,646 cfm or 3.14 m3 /s

mh =1 0.33 = 0.67; mh = 0.67 x 88,333 mm
mh = 59,183 lba/hr; Qh = 59,183 x 13.1/60

Qh = 12,922 cfm or 6.1 m3 /s (at heated condition)
(c) qph =mhc p (th -t o ) = 59,183 x 0.24 (60-35)
q=355,098 Btu/hr or 104 kW

(d) qm =88,333 x 0.24 (95 - 65) = 635,998 Btu/hr or 186 kW
59

R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0 .5

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-55
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45 40
1 3. 0
0
40 45 50 55
35 (2)
10
60 (16)
15
75 (24)
20
95 (35)
25
3-56 Refer to chart 1a. (a)
q34 = ma3 (i4 -i3 ) = Q3 x
60 (i4 -i3 ) v3
Q3 x
q34v 3 (1750 x 13.23) = 60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.1-23)
Q3 = 75.7 or 76 cfm = 0.040 m3 /s
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE T
.024
-4
50 0
BU
LB
TE
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
50 %
r
55
80
.010
60
40
-C T. P U.F
% 70
50
55
60 %
20 %
IR
.008
DR L B. ER
1 3 .5
45
50
YA
50 %
.006
4 0%
35
m
30%
.004
s
20 %
Y IVE H UM IDIT
.002
1 2.
10% RE LAT
30
60 (b) t3db = 58.5 F and 80% RH or 15 C (c) Q2 =
31 ; Q3 = 0.754 x 75.7 = 57 cfm or 0.028 m3 /s 12
Q1= 76 - 57 = 19 cfm or 0.012 m3 /s

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0.8
300 0
2.0

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-56
R D F O N D U PO R PE U -B T
IR
ER
TU
30
TE
TI O
AL P
TU
TH
SA
25
62
60
% 90
1
65
1 4 .0
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
15
40 35
35
45
40
10
50
58.5
15
75
84
20
25
3-57 (a)
Refer to Chart 1
A reheat system is required. Process 1-2 is for the coil. Process 3-4 is defined by the SHF = 0.5 Process 2-3 represents the required heat.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
90 %
75
14 .5
.018
70
70
70
.016
50 %
.014
45
65
.012
LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P L B. ER
50
3 2
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR
45
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
61 State 3 is defined by the intersection of the reheat and space condition lines.
(b)
q34 = ma3 (i4 -i3 ) =
Q3 x 60 (i4 -i3 ) v3
Q3 =
q34 v 3 100,000 x 13.4 = 60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.2-23.9)
Q3 = 5,194 cfm or 2.5 m3 /s

(c)
q12 = ma (i1-i2 ) =
5,194 x 60 (34.2-20.2) 13.4
q12 = 325,594 Btu/hr or 95.4 kW q23 = 5,194 x 60 (23.9-20.2) 13.4
q23 =86,050 Btu/hr or 25.2 kW
62

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
1.0
0 .8
50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
85
15
1 .0
2.0
0 .5

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
.0
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-57
F O N D U PO R PE U -B T
IR
ER
TU
30
P
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
62
60
65
% 90
AL P
1
1 4 .0
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
TU
15
40 35
35
10
45 51
15
66
75
85
20
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND OF DRY AIR
3-58 Assume room temperature humidity of 50% and layout the state & processes on required from point c to s.
Supply Air:
qsen = 120,000 x 0.5 = 60,000 Btu/hr = msc p (t s -tr )
ms =
60,000 = 53,192 lba/hr 0.24 (75-70.3)
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
40
.022
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
ENT HALPY HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
70
70
.016
50 %
.014
45
65
.012
LU VO
56
55 50
55
ME
80
%
60
.010
40
-C
U.F
% 70
T. R B. D RL PE
.008
ADP 45
2
50
60
13 .5
YA
% 50
.006
IR
45
40
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
63
Q s =53,192 x 16.33/60 = 14,477 cfm or 6.8 m3 /s

Mixed Air:
mo = 53,192 x 0.333 = 17,703 lba/hr

Qo = 17,713 x 17.2/60 = 5,078 cfm or 2.4 m3 /s
mr = 53,192 17,713 = 35,479 lba/hr

Qr =35,479 x 16.5/60 = 9,757 cfm or 4.6 m3 /s
Reheat:
qrh = mc c p (t s -t c ) = 53,192 x 0.24 (70.3-55.2)
= 192,768 Btu/hr or 56.5 kW

Coil:
qc =mm (im -ic ) = 53,192 (34.4 - 24.2) = 542,558 Btu/hr or 159 kW

( 200,412 190,109 )100 = 5 .1 % 200,412
64

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
85
R
60
50
.028
1.0
0 .8
50 00
5000 FEET
0 .6
0 .5
60
1 8 .0
80
1 .0
2. 0
-2 000
-1 000
.026
45
80 WE T

0. 4
0. 3
Qs Qt
0.6 0.5
0 200
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
0.2
0 .1
AI R
RY
AT
UR
PO
TE
Problem 3-58
TU -B LP Y A EN
ND
ER
PE R
RA
TI O
TU
SA
25
60
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
TH
15
35
10
55 (13)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
25
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
300 0
BU
LB
50 0
40
75
TE MP
.024
ER
75
AT U
RE
55
- F
.022
-0 .5 -0 .4 - 0.3 -0 .2
-0 .1
15 00
17 .5
75
10 00
50 %
0
.020 h W
ENTHALPY HU MIDIT Y RATIO
35
70
50
.018
70
30
65
90 %
65
.016
17 .0
.014
60
45
.012
55
% 90
% 80
r
55
16 .5 V
20
.010
50
c
70
40
U OL ME -C
45
50
.008
% 60
16 .0
U .F T. P ER
40
45 40
50
R .D LB
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
35
30 %
.004
1 5 .5
20%
I TY TIV E HUMID 10% RELA
70 (21)
.002
30
Exerpts from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis for testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnstin ofthis work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or ]08 of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct withut the permissin of the copyright owner is unwful. Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street' Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 4
4-1
(a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortabe
(d) too dry
4-2
(a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortable
(d) too dry
4-3
(a) Assume sedentary dry

using equation 4-4a,
bulb of 78 75
F,
clo
o.5, met. = 1 .8,
to,act =
5.4(1 + 0.5)(1.8
.2) = 71 F
Relative humidity should be less than 50%

(b) Should wear a S\/eater or light jacket and slacks.
(clo = 0.8)
4-4
Use fig 4-1
(a) Summer,
to =
76 F or 24 C; Winter,
\/ith
to =
72 F or 22 C
(b) Use equation 4-4a aS a guide,

met =
clo = 0.2,
3.0,
tdb
:76
o/
to =76
-5.4 (1+0.2)(3-1.2) = 64 F [winterorSummer]
4-5 4-6 4-7
From fig 4-3 temperature can rise about3.2 F.(j.g C)
t=68 +3.2=71.2 Fort=20+ 1.8= 21.8C

From fig 4-3 @200 fpm, temp rise 5.3 F (2.9 C) with t,,"-t _ 9 F (5 c), temp rise 6.5 F (3.6 c)
to = (t,
+t^r)|2, then using Eq.
4-1
T,fn
='6* C\l2
g _Tr) = (53s)4 +(O.103 x 109) (4o)12(78_74)
tmft:82For27'8C
to=(74+82)2 = 78F or25.6C
4-8
Compute the operative temperature,

,xn
to
= 4q4
(O.103 x 1o911eo11/'(o _76)= 83.5 F or 28.6 C
to = (84
+76)12= 79.8 F or 26.5 C

=
From Fig 4-1, to
79'8 F and 50 % R.. is out of the comfort
zone. Recommend lowering to to about 77 F or 25 C.

tu
x72 F
4-9
Use Eq. 4-4 to estimate a value of the operative temperature
to, active, assuming to for sedentary activities is 78 F (25.6 C)

with met = 2.0. to, active = 78
5.4 (1 + 0.5) (2
1.2) = 71.5 F, (22C)
Exerpts fiom this work may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-1br-proit basis for testing or instrutiona puoses only to students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this wrk beynd ha permited by Secions 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 Unied Stqes CopriPh cwithou he oermission fthe cpyrigh wner is unlful.
s an approximation
Tmrt = 2To
_,
and
Tflx =
Tno
* ci121Tg
_ ,
Eq '
(4-1)
eliminating Tmrt between the 2 equations
2(o_T3)4
= Tno
*CV1/21n _Tr)
where all temperatures are absolute
Solve by trial and error with T, =72+ 460
532 R
and Te =(71.5+460)=531.5 R, C=0.103 x 1Oe, V=30
ta=85F(30C)
Cold surroundings require high ambient air temperature
for comfort, even with high activity level.
4-10
(a) Most occupants will be uncomfortable because the relative

humidity is more than 60%, even with
trx
t,
(b) The lightest weight possible. Short sleeves, shorts,

open neck, etc.
(c) Lower relative humidity
if possible by adjusting the cooling
system to remove more moisture. Coud also increase the

relative air motion to highest values, perhaps use fans.
4-11
(a) Even
if the suit
was heavy weight, many executives would be
Xcets from this work may be reprodued by instuctors for distribution on a not-for-pro1'it basis for testing or instructional purpses ony to students enrolld in ourses for which th tetbook has been adpted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his rk beyond ht permitted by Secions ] 07 or 108 o{ the ] 97 6 United Sttes Copyrigh c ithout the permissin of the coyright oner is unfu.
cool if sedentary.
(b) Would definitely be cold, especialy hands and feet.
(c) Probably would be comfortable
in typical work cothes
(d) Probably would be comfortable since they would keep

their coats on and would be walking around.
(e) Cold to very cold
4-12
Determine relative temperatures difference between inside and outside.
68 - 45 23 = 7 4 _ 45 29 Costs
74 68
are79o/o of that for increased setting, or
- 45 29 - 45 23
Costs are increased by
26o/o if
thermostat is raised.
4-13
Too much air motion in the cold winter months tends to cause drafts and make people uncomfortabe. Air velocity just sufficient to prevent large
temperature gradients from floor to ceiling is best for winter. he opposite
is true for hot summer months. Higher air velocity tends to compensate for high temperature and humidity.
4-14
(a) Raising the chiled water temperature will cause the cooling coil to
operate with a higher surface temperature and the relative humidity in the space will tend to rise if the latent heat gain is signifcant such as would be the case with many occupants, this could lead to
u
ncomfortable cond itions.
(b) Yes, during the unoccupied hours the space load may be almost totaly
erpts from thrs work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopled' ny other reproducion or rnsion of this rk beynd h permied by Sections ] 07 or 108 f the 97 6 United Sttes Copyright c ithu he permissin f the cpyright oner is unlful.
Sensibe heat gain and the load is much less than the design value. ln this case the chiled water temperature may be increased.
4-15
hese fans may bring air down in the Summer, increasing the
velocity of air in the occupied zone and providing improved comfort.
ln the winter, air may be drawn upward, pushing the warm air at the
ceiling downward where it can increase the temperature in the
occupied zone without increasing significantly the air motion below

the fan.
4'16
(a) able 4-2 gives a minimum required amount of ventilation air

of 15 ft3 /min per occupant. this is the minimum amount of
outdoor air that should be used under any circumstances.
Therefore, (Qo)rin = 15(30)
450
ft3/min
(b) on the basis of floor area, the occupancy woud be 25 and the
minimum ventilation requirement would be
Q,
15 (25) = 375 ft3 /min. lt would be better to design for
floor area if lowest air flow is desired. With 30 actua student air flow is such a case woud be insufficient.
4-17
Use Eq. 4-5, Solving for C, Cs

=
(QtC"
N)/Qt
C"
(N/at)
= (2001196 + (O.25l9o)
478 x 1o-6 = 478 ppm
XctS from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_tbr-profit basis for tosting or instrutional purposes only to students enoled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reprduction or rnsin of his ork beyond ha permied by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh c w ithul the permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlful.
or using Sl Units
c,
=
(2oo / 106)+ (0. 118 t 0.472x 9OO)
(2OO /
106) + (278 t 106):478 ppm
4-18
n = number of people to occupy a room
N=n(5.Oml/s)
Solving Eq. 4-5 for
N = Qt (C,
n
- C") = n (5.0) ml/s-Person

/ (5.0)
: Qt (C, - C")
2.8 (1000-280) / 5.
n = 403 persons or 0.0069 m3 /s
- person
For English Units:

n=
6000 (1oOO - 28Ox 10-6) / O.O107 or 14.8 cfm/person
= 404 persons
4-19
Use the M-100 media of fig. 4-8. From table 4-3, select a
12x24 x 8
unit; 650 cfm, P = 0.4 in. wg
At P = 0.25 in. wg. each unit will handle Q

=
Ql |o'25 o.40]1l2
650 [O.25 t o'4oJ1l2

of units
permied
:514 cfm/unit. Then the number
Studnts enroed in ourses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnston f his ork beyond ht by Secions 1 07 r 1 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c lithu he permission f the copyright oner is unful.
Ecerpts fiom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to
;g =(2000
514) = 3.89 or
4. This
is a satisfactory number.
4-20
Use the M-100 media from Tabe 4-3 select a O.3 x O.6 x-O.2 unit. This is rated at 0.3 m'/s with 1oo pa pressure drop.
t P
60 pa the alowabte flow rate for each unit would be Q = (0.3) (60/1 OOf tz = 0.23 m3/s
=
require 1'Oolo'23 = 4'34 units. This requires at east 5 filter units, but since this is an odd number, recommend
1.OO m3/s woud
using six units. Trying the 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.2 filter the allowable flow per unit would be
0.48 This would require more than two units of this size. conomies would determine the best choice.
= (0.62) (60/1}q1t2 =
4-21
Solving q' 4-1O for Q

Q
=
Qr [P / P,]1'2
= 9OO
[o'1 l0'15]1|2 =735 cfm/module
N = ss00/235 =
Ve = Q/ =
T.4g [must be integer] Use g modules

'|-
= 344fpm (2)(8)
5.7 fps
4-22
Solving q' 4-1O for Q

Q = Qr [P
P,J1l2 = (o'42) |24
l 37
'4]1t2 =
0.336
m=(2.8)/0.336=8.3
Use 9 modules, a 3 x 3 arrangement.
Excets from this work may be eprodued by instructors for'distribution on a not_1br-proit basis for testing or instructiona purposes only t students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other ,rpr:orl'u"on or trnsion of this work beyond th permilec by Sectins 1 07 or 108 f the ] 976 t]nied SteS Copyr?ht c w-ithut thi permis'" oj n, copyrigh wner i unlful.
/3
VelocitY
FAc AREA
(2.8)m3
/s
(0.3)(0.6)(e)m2
=1.73m1s
4-23
P
=
M-200; 0.6x0.6 xO.2;
O.4Om3
/s/module
Use Eq. 4-10
ta / Q.]' :1OO
=
lO,4OtO.42l2 =90.7 Pa
Velocity
0.4 =2.22m1s (0,3)(o 6)
4-24
No solution exists due to the fixed air quantity for the unit. This part of the problem is intended to show the student that typical direct expansion equipment cannot be used in this \May. lt also shows that the load due to outdoor air is very large.
4-25
exhaust
sHF= 0.7
ho
o'25 rh"; Locate point 1 on psychrometric Chart at82'4 F db and
66.8 F wb
it = 31.4 Btu / lbm and v1 = 13.9 ft3 /lbm
fbr tSting o instructional puosS only to Exerpts from this wrk nay be reproduced by instructors fo distribution on a nt-for-proftt basis or rnstion f his wrk beynd h permited students errrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodicrion is unlful' by Sectins 107 r ]08 ofthe t976 Llnited Sttes Copyrilht ctv,ithut he pemissin ofhe copyright oner
74
Q1, =
rhi (ii - is) = at
/V
(60)
(i1
is)
(i1
35 12,ooo Qls
is = 31
= (350 l 12'000) (6 / v1)
_i.)
.-
''''J8?r;
''
23'46 Btu / lbm
Locate on psychrometric chart' ts = 65'6 F db' 55'5 F wb

Q.r =
lil,
(ir.
- is) = 36'000;
ir =27
'6 Btu / lbm

lb / hr
tr, O,
= il1
(27 .6
^ - 23.46)
=
:8695'7
rh, (vr,
(13.4)
1940 cfm
Qt" = 8695.7 (31.4 -
23.46) = 69,000 Btu / hr = 5.75 tons
Qr
5.75 (350) = 2014 cfm

of fig 4-8.
() Design filters for 2014 cfm, use M-200 media
Try the 24x24x8 units of table 4-3. 920 cfm @0.4 in. wg.
For max. P of 0'125 in.wat.

Q = 920 [0. 125 tO.4O]
1t2
=514 cfm / module;
n = 2014 I 514 = 3'92, use 4 modules
4-26
Use the M-15 media,
93 % from fig' 4-3'
From table 4-2,60 cfm / person is required, outdoor air.

purpses only to on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional Excerpts tiom this work nay be reproduced by instructors fr distribution or trnslionf ths work beyond th permied ny oher reprduction students enrolled in ourses for which tl-e textbook -,u, ..n uopt"J ' c \,'ithout thi permission ofhe copyright oner is unlwfu' by Sectins ] 07 r 108 o7 he-|97|6 tJnited Sttes Copyrigh
75
-A fresh air balance on the filter gives QrEt

+
Qo
Qs
where Q,. is recirculated air, Qs is outdoor air and
Q. is supply
air.
=
8, = (60 - 20) 10.93 = 43.0; Q,
43.0 +20
63.0 cfm / person
or the total amount of air supplied is
63.0 x 55 = 3465 cfm; Try the 12x24x8 unit of table 4-3
Q/unit=9oO[O'1 /O.35]12=481 cfm; n =4755 l481

= 7 .2
modules
Use 8 modules [Note: The M-24 media could also be used]
4-27
Q, = (25 - 15) / 0.S = 12.5 cfm / person
= 15 +
12.5 =
27 .5 cfm / person
4-28
Filter location is B, figure 4-9
Use Eq. 4-12, solve for RQ.. since

RQ = { -QoEv[C,
_(1_Et)Co] + N}/ (EvEfcS)
RQr={-2OOxO.85[180-(1-0.8)0.0]+(10x150x35'32)]l
(0.85 x 0.8 x '180) where Co
=
0.0
RQr
185 ft3 / min or cfm
for-testing or instrutional puoses only t Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-ibr-profit basis h permitted the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodiction or rnslin of this ork beyond students enroed in ourses fr which c iithout the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unl.ful' by Sectins 07 or 1 08 f the 976 tJnited Stes Copyrght
76
Qo
= 2OO
cfm, Qs
(1S5 + 2OO) = 385 cfm
4-2g
Solve q' 4-11 for RQ,

RQr
=
(_Qo)(Eu)(cr)+ N / rEiC,
RQr = [ (-20) (0.65) (220) + (125) (35.32 ft3/m3)] (0.65X0.7)(220)
RQ.
-9-*_!1!5^, ' =(0.65)(0.7)(220)
= 15.53 cfm/person
4-3o
For filter location A, use q. 4-1 1, solving for RQ,
RQr
(-QoEvCs
N) / (EvEfCs)
RQr = t (-2OO (0.85) 180) + (10 x 120 x 35.32 ft3/m3

(0.85 x 0.8 x '180
)
)l
RQr
183 cfm, Qo
= 2OO
cfm;
d,
383 cfm
4-31
(a) This type of space will require a high ventilation (supply air)
rate to handle the load, air cleanliness is not the main criterion.
Therefore, a low efficiency filter with low pressure drop is acceptable. From table 4-2, assume occupancy will be about 30 persons / l
OOO
ft2. So the total design occupancy is 90
persons. he design will be based on this occupancy although

the cooling requirements may dictate a larger supply air rate.
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors
1br distribution n a not-fr-prfit basls for testing r instructinal purposes only to ht permitted students enroled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnstion of his ork beyond by Secins 1 07 or ] 08 of the 97 6 [Jnied Sttes Cpyright c thout the permissin f he copyright oner is unlful.
77
A ''fresh air'' balance on the filter

d," = (20
gives
(Q" _ Qo) / Ef
-15) / 0.5 = 10 cfm / person recirculation rate
4-31 (continued)
, :
1O +
5 =25 cfm / person supply rate
Q = 25 x 90 = 2250 cfm total supply rate

Net face area,
(b)
= 2250
/ 35o
= 6'43 ft2
A higher efficiency would reduce the total amount of air and
reduce the required face area. However this is not desirable in this case. First the filter system would have to be enlarged to handle the greater amount of air. A lower filter efficiency could be used and still maintain the required air quality. For example, suppose the load dictates 4000 cfm instead of 2250 cfm, then for 90 PeoPle
4ooo / 90 = 44'4 cfm / person
Using a minimum of 15 cfm / person of outdoor air.

Qr. = 44.4
15 = 29 '4 cfm / Person
8.
Et
29.4: (20 - 1s) / Er = 5 29'4 : 0'17 or 17o required

=
4-32
(a)
l5x
Q=
(Q, / v) 60
(i|.
-ir)
225 people
75F
xerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit b studes enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction by Sections ] 07 or ] 08 of he 1976 Unied SteS Copyrigh c )ithou he permission fhe cop;
RH=5%
125,0
78
x13 ft3
/ ba
[
. = (125,oOo x13)
60 x (28 - 1e.4
)]
Qs
(b)
3,149 cfm
, ,
= o
=
= 15 x225
3,375 cfm
-D
(c)
50 52
Supply air condition
Q. must be 3,375
cfm, find
ne\/
125,000 = (3,375 I 13) 60 (28 - i.)
i'
= 28
(125,000 x 13 ) / ( 3,375x 60)
20 Btu i lba
Locate new condition on chart aS Sho\/n' Coil must cool oDA

down to this new condition.
Excets frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors or distribution on a not-tbr-profit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to students enroed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnsation of his work beyond th permitted by Sections 107 r ]08 ofhe )976 Unied SeS Cpyright ct withut the permissin fhe cpyright o]ner unl:wful.
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrlled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltin of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 07 or ]0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment' John Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 5
5-'1
5-2
(a) (b)
k = Cx =0.2
4 =O.8 (Btu
in) / ( hr - ft2
F)
k = 1 .14 x 0.1 = 0.114 W / (m-C)
(a)
x=o.3o / 5.5 = o.o55 Btu / 1ft2-nr_ (b) C = O.O43 / . 14 = .307 W/ (m2 _ C)
C=k
11
5-3
(a)
R = 1lC= 1/0.055 = 18.3 (ft'R' = R l A= 1 l CA= 18.3/ 10
hr- F)/
=
Btu
0.183 (
hr-F)/Btu
(b) R ='1 I .307 = 3.26(m'-C)/W R'=3.26l9.3=0.35C/W

5-4 R=
Ri , Rgyp =1C=1l3'1=o'32 Rbtd = !0.33 = 3.03; Rair = 0.68

+
R-0.68
R=0.68 R=0.32
R = 0.68
0.32+ 3.03
0.32+ 0.68
R = 5.03 (hr- ft2- F) / Btu
5-5
+ R'= 2k| 2koL

AssumeL=1ft
tnb 2
n2
k:0'2
Btu - in' t(ft2
_hr_F);
kp =314 Btu-in
te _hr_F)
81
lnside Surface (7 m/s
0120
overalI hermal Resis.
0.652 m2clW
5-10
Between Frame Outside Surface 4 in. Face Brick Sheathing

lnsulation
0.17 0.65 1.32
1
t Framinq
0.17 0.65 1.32
1.0
2x4 stud
4.27 0.32 .68

14.14 0.32 0.68
7.41
Gypsum board
lnside surface
otal
UA:U1; +U11, U = UiAi

r
/ + U11/A
14'5
16 16^nd A =lan
A'
=L R
/ (r',..-tt'
, = "14.14) " +1= 0 o77Btu 110 " : -)- 116 7.41J

5-11
-r)
A
An ordinary walt with

highIy reflective wall,
= =
O.9 has a unit resistance of 0.68.
O.05, has a unit resistance of 1'70.
Assume radiation heat transfer is zero for reflective wall. hen

the resistance due to convection alone is approximately
Rc=1.7; hc=1/Rc=0.59; h.*r:1/0'68 = 1'47

Frac. Conv. = ha lh. *,
=
0.59 I 1'47 = 0'4
xerpts from this work may be reprodued "'.;.;;;1l;l,,.o,rr.r'r-
by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only t the texibook has been adopted' ny ther reprcluclin *nh
o^:.:::Ei::::":!,::i:,i'''y''o"!:*!
-,
82
5-12
RzQ x 4\ Rr (2 x 6) wind. 0'17 0'17 1. Outside surface, 15 mPh 0'79 0'79 2. Siding 1'32 1'32 3. Sheathing 11'0 19'0 4. lnsulation, 4'27 2x4 6.7 2x6 0'32 0'32 5. GYPsum wall board 0'68 0.68 6. lnside surface 18'55 28.98 Total
ssume 15 mph
Ut
=
0.035 Btu / (hr - ft2 - F)
2 __O.o54 Btu / 1lr - ft2 - F1

% DiffereC = [o'O5-4r_0-035) '' )'
5-13
0.0s
ool = 35'2
Air space will be near the indoor temperature with small

t across the air Space.
Use t."rn
R
=
50 F and t
10 F and read [Tabte
1.oz(rrr
-f( -r) I Atu

=
S-3a]
or 0.18
m2clW
5-14 5-15
Assume tr"rn
R
=
50
F;
t = 10 F
3.55 (hr - ft2 _F) /
Btu
or 0.62
(.2
_c/W)
[abte 5-3a]
qc/ = U"t
Find U for highly reflective surfaces because radiation will be minimal. This will give a good approximation for the convection
component. From Table 5-2a,l1orz', heat flow down
83
Uc=1/R = 1l(2x4.55) =
q./
or
U^ _
0'11
" --l' (2x0
= o.625; q.
0.625(63 - 43) = 12'5 W/m2
Q/A..
='n l( 'L1oO]
, _ '4 |l
_[ l' l _1o]
/ a '.4l 'l
l'
for 1= t2=O'9, (q/A),.

= O.1
E : 0.82,
-]'
'
o
713 x9.s2 t635
_s.ol
Radiation heat transfer is about 10 times greater'
5-16
U*
= O.O7 Btu / (hr - tt2
11
Ud = O.4O Btu / (hr - ft2
- F) - F)
20'
g'
Uwin = O'81 Btu / (hr - ft2
Ad
17 '78 ft2; Awin =25'0 ft2;
*
U
I I_
= 117 '2
f(
+
Parallel heat flow Paths

=
U*A*
U66
U*;n*in
(o.O7 x117'2) + (O.4 x 17.78) + (0'81 x25'0) 117.2
O.3O Btu /(hr -
f( _F)
or about
'72\ t(m' _
c)
5-17
q/
= U(ti _to)
a not-for-profit basis fo testing or instructiona] purposes ony to Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on penitted uJo|t.. ny her reprucion or rnstion of his work beyond h students enrolled in courses tbr wbich the texibook has been : : -'-.41-^ ^^^'',.:/a! ^''''av;" "'-6!$
84
From Table 5-4b, construction 2, R = 8.90 (hr
ft2
F) / Btu
Assume insulation does not
fitl the
airspace'
Remove R for metal bath and plaster of 0.47 (f''. - tt' - f)/Btu and ) \"' add R for acoustical tile and insulation' Ceiling, R" = 1 / 0'8; insulation'
R1e61=20.68; U = 1/R =
R='1
1'00;
0'048 Btu / (hr - ft2
-Fi
q/ = o'o48 (72 - 5) =
3'22 B / (hr _ ft2)

1
5-18
From Table 5-4a, Construction
Uw=
9!+=oe71wr(m2-c) \ 0.1761
Wl(m2
Ud = 2.27
Uwin =
-a)'
Table 5-8 Table 5-5b
4'62w1(m2 -
")'
+
w U
= =
35 m2;win =8m2;d = 2m2
U*A*
U6
+
35
Uwinwin
+
1x35) u _ Q.e7
(2.27x2)
(4'62x8)
-_
2.16 w
(m2
- c)
5-19
U = O.14 Btu / (hr
_
ft2 _ F1able5 _ 4a, Construction No. 2
R=1O.14 = 7'14, Rn =7'14_(1 to'44) + (1/0.55) =6.69

Un = 0.15 Btu/(h r
ft2
- F) or about .85 W
1m2-c1
5-20
ssume ardwood, k = 1.25 (Btu-in) / (hr - ft2 - F) Winter Summer

R =
0.68
Ri = 0.68
not-for_profit basis for testing or nstructiona purposes only to Excts from thts work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a reprouction or rfistion of his ork beyond th permied students enolled in courses for which the tetbok has been adopted. ny ther
85
R =
'1
0.25 R, = 2.03
Ro =
'375
1.25 -F)
ft2
R = 1 '375
1'25
Ro = 0.17
R* = '1.95
U, =0.49 Btu / (hr-ft2
U* =0.51 Btu /(hr-ft2-F)
Both values are greater than the value given in
able 5-8 of O.39 Btu / (hr _
F), but acceptable.
5-21
Computed: Ri
Ri
= 0.68, Rs = 0.03 (estimate); Ro = 0.25
+RgaRo=0.96=R
U = 1.04 Btu / (hr - tt2

Utub
-r);
or 5.92 wl(m2
-c)
computed
1.O4 Btu / (hr - t2

\
_r);
Table 5-5a
or 5.91
l(m2
_c);
/'
Table 5_5b; Same result
5-22 (a)
From Table
5-5
U=1.08 Btu / 1nr - ft2 - F) 10 F
(b) ssume tr"rn : 50 F; t =

Ras = 1.ol (nr
Rn
-f( -r)
1
r atu
=U-R',= ++ ' ., 1.og

=
.O1
= 1'94, Un = O.52 Btu/1lr-ft2-F)
5-23 (a)
Uw
l l,.Jfl
o.o89 Btu /(hr - tt2 _
11
or O.51 W/(m2 _ c)ale 5-9

Jlv'l\J vYl1l or O'16 W/
_ .o29 Btu / (hr - ft2 -L lJur\ll -'L)
_F) _| l
(-'_c) -)
ante 5-1o
(b) Q=U(ti _tg); tr= t"ur-A
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnsltion f his ork beyond tht permited
..-_''r-] ^_':'_^'!
^'.'. ^'.4'
86
tavg
A
5-23 (continued)
:22
=35'8
(2'44
(12
C)
C) Table 5-11}Chicao.lllinois
Figure 5-7
tg__35'8-22 = 13.8;
q*
=
t:72re2c)
0.89 (4 x 20 x7) (72 - 1 3'8) = 2,900 Btu / hr or 0.85 kW
qn = 0.029 (20
x20) (72 - 13.8) = 675 Btu /hr or 0.2 kW
5-24
R"
R1,
Un =
0.029 Table
5-10
Rrin =
1l 0.48 Table 5-1a (Fibrous Pad)

2.08
=
Re
#"+
36.6
U" 5-25
0.027 Btu / (hr - ft2 - F) or 0.16 Wl(m'z - C)

(1 t \
(a) R*=: +11+ "0089

Rf
g.1) =
22.6
U* = 0.044 Btu/(hr-ftu-F) or 0.25 w1m2-c)

=
-: + (1 tO.4s): 0029
\
36.6
Un = 0.027 Btu/(hr - tt2
-f)
or 0.155
Wl(m'z-c)
Btu / hr or 0'42k\^
(b) Refer to problem solution 5-23 Q* = 0.044 (4 x20 x7) (72 - 13.8) = 1434
Qn =
0 027 (20 x20) (72 - 13.8) = 629 Btu / hr or 0.18 kW
5-26
Rins =
4'1z
(rrr
_f( _r)l
tu
O.24Btu/(hr
-'f(
-F) or 1.36 Wl(m'z - c)
Excerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to bSecti.s1[]7ny nn{t]o 1076'b;l.)l-l-"/-^4'-')-"}
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbokhasbeenadopted. 'l-''':'''
nyherreproductionrrnstionofhisrkbeyondhpermied
:"'''.^'''
/ .*'
87
Then from Fig. 5-8, U'

Q=
0.85 Btu/(hr
-f(
=
-F) or 1.47 W(m-C)
U'P
(ti
- to) = 0.85 x 300172 -101
15,8'10 Btu/hr or 4.63 kW
5-27
t =
72 F (22 C) Assumed
= R5 +
R"
R1, Ub
o.52 Btu / 1nr -tt2 _
11 Table
5-9
Rfi,.,,
=R1
+Ru6*Rqyp=(5.0) + 0.0 +(1 12.22) = 7.22
R^- 1 +7.22=26.5 - 0.052

U"
=
o.o38 Btu / (hr -ft2 _F) or o'22l(m'z_c)

from Table 5-9
O.7 + (1
5-28
Ub
: 1.14
=
Rn
++ 1.14
12'6)= 1.66 (m2-c)//, Un = 0.60 W(m2-
c)
or
Un = O'1OO Btu / 1nr -ft2
-F)
This does not account for the walls above grade.
5-29
U = 0'16 able 5-'10 (no finish)
Rn:++(t69)+ ' 0.16 \

Un
(1 t4.6) =6.611m2-c1
-ft2
lw
= 0.15 W/(m2-C) or 0.027 Btu / (hr

Un(ti
- r)
5-30
q/A=
tl
-ts)=
(ti
-tt)/Rt=(tt-t)lR2
(112.6)+ 0.7 +0.12=
0.90
Rl=Rgyp+R1nr+R1, R1 =
= ti _UnR1(ti
_tg) =20 - [1.05 x 0.9 (2 - 10)]
Ecerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_pofit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted . ny ther reproduction or trnsltion of his rk beynd ht permied '.''-:-' ^'"-^-:' "'-5{i ' hi 9"};.-" a ^'' ]9 ^.}L- oaA L-;.^) c'-''^'
. . .
88
t1= 14.6 C or 58F

R2
=
Rrr, +Ri
I 12.6) +0'12='20
tz = 20_ [O.60 x O'2 (2o-1)] = 18.8
or 65.8 F
5-31
q/A=Un
(ti
_tg)=(t _t'')/R1; Rl=Ri +Rc
= 0.12 + (1 I 4.6) -- 0.34 t=20_ (O.15) (O.34) (20-10) = 19.5 c or 67 F
5-32
= 0.2 Btui(hr-ft2-F);
Figure 5-8
8=
U'P
=
(t1
_to);
Ui, = 0.81 Btu/ (hr-ft-F) or 1.a
W(m-C)
U'ni
1.37 Btu / (hr - ft -F)

Btu / (hr - ft) or 50.7 W/m Btu / (hr - ft) or 85.6 W/m
(a) q/P = 0.81 (70 - 5) = 52'7 (b) q/P = 1.37 (70 - 5) = 89'1
5-33
Q=
t / R'
Eq. 5-25; L>>'
L=
100ft
R'=
2kL
_'nL-o--@J _3"10012)
R'
= 8.
. zoo x121^ tn(12x1OO/2x3o)l
12
1O-3 thr - F) / Btu
Which neglects the resistance
of pipe wall.
purposes only to for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors ht permited ork "., uJo|i"a. ny oher reprucin r rnslioi f this '1-"4' beyond hu, '' : Students enollod in courses fbr h'ih the textbook "' ^'
L- Q.nl;n-" n ^.' '
6- 70-42 - =3,4488tu ' 8.12 x 1O-'
/ hr;
q/L
= 34.488tu/(hr-ft)
orq=1.01 kW; 9=33 1W/m L

5-34
Q=t /R'
R'g
2 (1.4) 100
=4.98x10-3 C/W
film and the tube wall' Neglect resistance of the inside

O=
'
----------c =11.04kw 4.98 x 10--
60-5
5-35
Moisturewillmovetowardtheinside.Locatethevapor
insulation' retardent on the outer side of the retardent is placed on the The insulation will beome wet if the plywood would probably \/arp inside or left out entirely and the
and rot.
5-36 (a) Q/A = Uo(ti

Ro = O'68
Uo
=
+
_to)=(t _t1)/R1 =(ti

1+
_t)lR2
O'45 +1
1'O +O'8 + O'17 = 14'1
_F1 O'o71 Btu /( rr - ft2

0'68
O'68
+ +
Rr
R2
=
=
O'45 = 1'13( hr O'45 +11
f(
-F) / Btu
- ft2
-12'13(hr
-F)
/ Btu
tt=t_R1Uo(t_to)=7O_(1.13xO'O71)(7O-1O)=65.2F
purposes only to basis for esting or instructiona' for distribution n a no-for-prol yt.pern:ted lnay be reproduced by insructors Excerps rom his \rk j:*tbook has *9,i'"l'Ji."o"'i,-:';;;;;;;;;;;"ii"111i117; ,:y::'::'|"*o students enrolled in courses fo ^: lh.
90
tz=70-(12'13 x 0.071) (70-10) = 18'3 F
(b) At 70 F, 3O%o R.. and possible leakage

or 2-
of air to surfaces
tdp=37F<65F-ocondensationexpected
(c)Since|z=lS.3Fismuchlessthanthedewpoint,condensation
would ocur'
1' Place vapor retardent at the location of interface
5-37
Assume infiltration is negligible ufAf (ti - t") = UwA*(t. - to)+ U'P(t. - to)
rilcp(tc - to)
to =
* _ UrAtt, c _
+(U** +U'P+rhcp)to',ti=72F; (UtAt + U** + U'P + rhc, )

Rwoo =
1o F
ssume 1.5 in. of wood floor, Pine;

U,
'1'5l0'8 =1'88
=1; 'Rf
Rt =O'92+1'88+O'92 =3'72;Ut=0'27
Ur= 0'27 x 30 x 60 = 484 Btu/(hr-F)
rr -a'R* "*_Rw
=0.68+(6/15)+ O'17 =1'25',U*
O'80
U*A* = O.8O x 2(30 + 60)2 -- 288 Btu/(hr-F)
U'P=1.8x(30+60)2=324
,h.p
=
20 x 0.075 x 60 x o '24
+ (288 + 324 +
= 21
'6 Btu/(hr-F)
=
+ -484 x72 c_-
21'6)10
484+288+324+21'6
36.85 F
5-38
(a) Q/A = U(ti -to) = (tr-to)/R1;
(construction 2) + Uz=0.112', Rr=O.17 + 0.33 + 4'17 2'22 = 6'89
only to basis fo 1e^sting or lnstructional purposes ' by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pofrt Excrpts from this work may be rproduced of his ork beyond ht permited t.d. ,-ny otlr", ,rproEu.in r rnslio -'", "* students enolled in courses fr whih the textbo"t "J"p
91
t1 =
(6.89 x 0.112) (72-0) = 55.6 F
(b) U :
Rr
0.211 (construction 1) +2'22

=
= 0.17 + 0.33
2'72
ti =to+R1U(ti
-to)=O + (2.72x0.211)(72-0) = 41.3F
(c)
lf room air leaks into the air space for the case of no roof deck
insulation (b) there could be some condensation since would be exPected.
t6p =
50
F at72 F and 45% R. With the insulation, no condensation
5-39
(ti
-to) / Rr
= (ti
-ti)
/ R1
R, = 4'5 or O.79 1m2-cyw ; able 5-4a (Const. No.1)

R
=
0.68
O.45 + O.94 =2.O7 1nr-tt2_F1/Btu or 0.365 1m2-cru
Between Furring and block
tl
= ti _
ft,'
_ to) = 22_
ffir'+17)
= 3.98 C or 39
tdp = 9.5
C, Assuming room air can diffuse into the air space,
condensation likely will form on the concrete block surface.

Therefore, place vapor retardant on inside surface of gypsum
board. Use foil backed retardent. Retardent must not touch

concrete blocks!
purposS ony Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional ,.,-r.':'!!i|',?! .o,,'",'to. *ni:| j:;bo has been adopted.
;;#;;;;ln
lh
o'l
to
"!!1:
":::::i:::::":!,*r::!''n! 'y,'o**o
92
5-40
U1A1(ti-tn) + Ua+(ti-tn) = 2U33(tn-to) + lJzAzftn-to)

,^
_ (UlAl + Uzz )ti + 2Uggto + Uzzto '' 2sg + UzAz * Ull * UqA
UrAr
0.09 x 8 x 20 = 14.4', 0.09 x 8.54 x20 = 15.4',
U33
0.09x3x8
= 1.08
UzAz
UA=0.09x3x20=5'4
r _(4.4+15.4)70+(2 x 0.8 x o) + (15.a x o) -S5.8F L6= " (2 x 1.08) + 15.4 + 14.4 + 5.4
Place water pipes in this space with some caution.
5-41
Uf
f (ti-tb ) = (U** + Utt
)(t -tg ) ; ti =
72 F
tg = turg
- - 37.6 _23
;
= 14'6 F or B C
+
Ut =
Carpet and Fibrous pad assumed, Ur = 0.172 Btu/ (hr U*
&
Rf
(2 x 0.92) + (1 5/0.8)
2.1 = 5.82
ft2 - F)
=.164 Table
5_
9;
Uot =
0.029 able
_ 1o
tb=
ltrti
+(
U**
+ Ubf f )tg
U11
+ U** *Urr
+ (.1G4 x 80 x 7 + 0.029 x 4OO)1a.6
r, _(0.172x400 x72) l'bto = 30.3 F or -0.95 C
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproucion or rnslii qf his ork beyond h nermied by Seins 07 r ! 08 n! n." t o7A t r;lDs <}-t-^ .^^',-]-Ll t 1: ^^...'- -
basis fr by instructr9 jor distribution on a not-for-prrt Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued textbook has been enrlled in ourses for whih the testing or instructinal purposes on1y to studes ]07 or of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections adopted. ny other reproduction or trns,ltion is unlwfu' ct withut the permission of the copyright owner 0B f the ]976 Unitei Sttes Copyright John should be'ddressed ti the Peimission Deprtment' Requests fr permissioln or furthir"infrmtion iiria son, nr, ] 1 ] Rier Street, Hoboken' NJ 07030'
CHAPTER
6-1
PSYC may be used to find the Refer to Table B-1 . The computer program R' humidity ratio from t66 and assumed 100%
Wind Direction, deg. CCW from N
(a) Pendleton,
OR L
11
6 13 4 12
140
0.0 0.0 0.0
(b) Milwaukee, Wl
(c) Anchorage,
-2 -9
290
10
(d) Norfolk,
VA
24
18
340 360 20
0.003
.0
(e) lbuquerque, NM
(f)
I
7
Charleston, SC
28
0.003
6-2 possible condensation on inside Design relative humidity is determined by (which is the maximum dewof glass. Find glass surface temperature poi;t temperature of the inside air allowed)' q/A = U(t' - to) = Cr(tr - b) t= 72"F; t., = glass Surface temperature U = 0.65 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)' Table 5-5a
c1 uhi
C = 1'172
111
, hi = 1.46 Btu/inr-ft2-f) Btl (rrr-ft2-F1
94
tr=
Uti + to (Cr
cl
- U)
City
(a) Caribou, ME (b) Birmingham, (c) Cleveland, (d) Denver,
lndoor
T, oF
Outdoor
, oF
tr=
top,
Design or
oF
RH-%
26.2
46.1
Max.
72
-10
35.5
50.2
72 72 72
23
b
3
o
C
42.6
41.3 57.3
34.6
32.9
59.9*
CO
(e) San Francisco, (g) Boise, lD
72 72 72
39
-'16
32.8 44.0
23.6 36.5
Rapid City
*
RH = 60 o/o would probably be uncomfortable R = 40 to 50% would be more realistic
6-3
Assume that the weather strip does not change the convetive heat loss. From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.3. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the air density of 0 'F, the pressure difference due to wind is
:
P. =
[o
.086!\'( ls*ot * |.467 fi
z.(y.rrbm_ ft)
ft')\
l'\
mph) (o.rnr.o
lbf_s')
t"'tt ) lbf l ft')
P* =
0'037in'wg
^y
ssuming slight stack effect, P

Using Table 6-1 and Fig. 6-1,
0.04 in. water
puoses only to Excets from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distibution n a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional
nytherreproducionorrnslionofhisrkbeyondthtPermied studentsnrolledincursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted. by Sections 07 or 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Copyright ctthout the permssin ofhe copyrigh oner is unlaful-
95
Loose fit with non-\/eather-stripped, K - 6; a lL = O.75 cfm/ft Loose fit with weather-stripped, K= 2; Q/L = O'24 cfmtft
Total length of crack, = [(3 x 3) + (2 x 5)] x 9 = 171 ft Using Ll2for calculation, then Q,, = 0.75 x 17112= 64.1 cfm, Q, = 0'24x17112= 2O'5 cfm
I
Now Q, =
rh cr(t1
to)
cp(t;
tr)
Q,r-8,,
Q,,
-At-4, Qt
64.t-20.5
64.r
= 0.68
or a reduction of 68% in sensible heat loss.
Also, (Kl
6-4
- K)l1=
-2)16 = 0.67 or 670/o Reduction.
From Fig. 6-2, Cp = 0'52tor windward wind' Assuming standard sea level air density, the pressure difference due to the wind speed of 13 m/s is
P., =
z.( .okg
t i/-s'
ry] s) _*
_ 53.6P
(a) From Table 6-2, K = 1 for tight-fitting. Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 L/m-s Q = 0.60 x (0.9 + 2'0) x2 = 3l8_L
ssuming that the wind speed and wind direction are the Same as the given conditions for the bank at Rapid City, SD, the heating load (at -20'6
basis for testing or instructional puoses only to Ecerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fo distibution on a not-fbr-prfit f his rk beyond ht permited in ourses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher repriucion or rnslion students enol1ed rJnited States Copyright cilhou he permission fhe copyrigh owner is unlwful' ]08 ofthe 976
by Sections
107
or
--6.C outdoor temp. and 72'C indoor temp.) due to the door infiltration can
be calculating using Eq. (6-2b) as:
a,
(:
. o
('
.#l
r,
* }r)rr,
1_zo.o1)"
c=
393.tW
(b) From Table 6-2, = 2 for average-fitting' Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 1'25 L/m-s
'1
.25x (0.9
+ 2.0)
x 2=7-25--Lls
, _(', .zs* 0
OO'+)
('.rrfil rrrn?)o,
x2 19f2-Lls
e20.6))" C = 819 0W
(c) From Table 6-2, K = 6 for average-fitting' Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 3.40 L/m-s
= 3.40
x (0.9
+ 2.0)
=(l
2*
('.#l rr, *}a)o'_e20.6))"C '001c)
_2227'6W
6-5
From Figure 6-2, C = 0.52' Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density, the pressure difference due to wind is
p _ \-
o'sz (o
s#)
( b^_f) z.| z.17':::-_!lbf _s'z)

|
(zz-en-
r2
#)'
o.rnro :n:
^\ lbflft')
r,
P'
0't35in'wg
Neglecting stack effect and pressurization, P - 0.135 in' water From Table 6-1, K = 2 for average-fitting with non-weather-stripped. From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 cfm/ft. L" = [(3 x2.5) + (2 x 4)]x3 = 46.5 ft
puoses only t on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutronal Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution
studentsenrlledinourses1brwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproduc'onorrnsionfthisrkbeyondhtpermited permisiin ofhe cpyrigh oner is unlwful' by Sectins 107 or ]08 oftnn isri {Jnied SeS Copyrigh chu ie
= 0.60 x
46.5 = 27.9 cfm.
b-b (a) The wind effect is assumed to be independent of height and pressure differences due to wind are the same as those given in Ex. 6-1.
3'd
Windward 0.03
Sides
Leeward
gth
orientation P,
Floor: P"/C
= 0.037;
P,
0.03 0.03
P* 0.066 -0.066 -0.033

-
= 0.037 x 0.8 = 0.03 in.
water
P .96 -0.036 -0.003
P, 0.066 Windward -0.08 -0.066 -0 08 Sides -0.08 -0.033 Leeward

orientation P.
Foor:
P./Co _ -0.100; P,
-0.100 x 0.8 = -0.08 in. water P -0.14

-0.'146 -0.1 13
(b) For Bitlings, MT, design conditionS are to = -7oF, t= 72"F, = 28o/o. From Table 6-3, K = 0.66 for conventional urtain wall.
ir will infiltrate on windward side only on 3'd floor. Windward - 3E floor QiA = 0.15 cfm/ft2; Q = 0.15(120 x 10) = 180 cfm Then 9 = (1 80 x 60/1 2.4)(0.24)(72 - (-7)) = 16,514 Btu/hr " Q,. = (180 x 60/12.4)(0.005 - 0.000)1060 = 4,616 Btu/hr Qt = Q, + 8r. = *1-3oBtu1h [3'd Floor]
gth
Floor
- All exfiltration
Qt
=
otur
on this floor.
19th
Floo
puoses only t EXerptS from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distributioIr on a not-for-pro1it basis for testing or instrutional h permitted students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbok has been adopted. ny her reprotluctin r trnsltion of this ork beyond by Secions 07 or ] 08 of he 976 t'Jnited Stes Copyrigh c 1ihou he permission f the cpyrigh lner is unrful.
986-7
(a) Windward
Doors: Double vestibule type P = o.146 in' water, assume 1/8 in' racks Q/L = 16 cfm/ft tFg. 6-7] , L -- 32 ft [Ex' 6-2] Q = 16 x 32 x0'7 = 358 cfm (Assume30o/oreductionforvestibuledoors)
6-7 (Cont.)
Side Doors: Double vestibule tYPe P = -o'o52 in' water' 1/8 in' cracks Q = O.O (negative pres' dff')
(b) Windward: P = O146 in' water' K Q/A = o.2o cfm/ft2 [Fig. 6-6]
=
0'66 lable 6-3]
A=120x10=1200ft2
Q
= 0.29(120) =
240 cfm
Sides: P
in' water' K = O'66 [Table 6-2] = O.O (negative pres' dff')

= -O'O52 = O'66
UULeeward: P = O'047 in' water, K Q/ = O.1Oo cfm/ft2, A = 1200 ft2
[Fig' 6-6]
= O.1O(1200) = 120 cfm;
Total infiltration for the walls is 8* = 240 + O.O + 120 = 360 cfm
(c) Totat infiltration is sum for doors and walls' From x.6-2'for leeward door' Q = 179 cfm' Then the total door filtration is
Qo=358+179=537cfm(neglectinfil.duetotraffic). Andthetotalwallinfiltrationis360cfm,thenQ=897cfm
only to basis for testing o instructional puoses instuctors fo dlstribution on a not-for-profit xcerpts tiom this wk may be reproduced by ork beyond hct permied textbook has been uaot,i 'ny ornr, ,rprort|uron'o''trnston-ths students enolled in ourses t. *-'}, the per-ission of he cpyright oner is unfu' Cpyrgh' ''i"rii'i"'' Sectins 1 07 or ] 08 o7 n' to:ii'inir-d Ses by 'i"
9V
70oF For Charleston, WV: to = 1 1oF' ti = q, = (897 x ll \ 'z)(o'z4)(70-11) = 65'25 Btu/hr q. = (897 x 60/1 1'72)(1060)(O'OO5 - O OOO) = 24'338 Btu/hr q = q" + 9. = 89,363 Btu/hr
6-8
to the wind sPeed of 20 m/s is

(
pressure difference due (a) Assuming standard sea level air density, the
o.o,urt\'(zo*pt *1.461L:\ /
|.9/+ tbfl
,,_
fi,J
=o 197in,water
UUWindward: P*=O197xO25=ooo: Leeward: P* = O"197 x (-0'5) = -0'099 in

AssumPtions: _ 40oF 1) temperature differenc, t to' = zi tle neutral pressure level is at floor 9' 3) the floor height is 12 ft', and 4) C = 0'80' Then, from Fig.6-5,
- } E:l, n*l:
Floor Floor Floor Floor
P" = O'13 x O'8O = 0'104 in' water 1: h = 108 ft., Pr/Co = O.13, and in' water 5: h = 60 ft., P, = 0'065 x O'8O = 0'052 -0'068 in' water 15: h = 72ft., P, = -O'O85 x 0'8O = -0j28 in' water 20: h = 132ft., PS = -Q'160 x O'80 =
puoses only to basis fr testing r instructional by instrutos fo distribution on a not-for-profit h permtted Excerpts tiom this work may^b reprodued the textbook *' 119iJ]1'^"'i";:i:j!i::;:;:;:':""":jfi,':i:,i{:x:x#,.beyond students enrolled n couSes tor whih he coyrigh owner is unlwful of
Windward
Leeward
i,.'i-n
;}i::j;fii,Z'i'"f!"in:ii'ini,a s**,
copy,ign,'a;,\iiio"i'',
& r *--,-,
100
Flnr
1
15 20
(b)
P* 0.049 0.049 0.049 0.049
P" 0.1 4 0.052 -0.068 -0.128
P 0.1 53
0.101
-0.019 -0.79
P* -0.099 -.099 -0.99 -0.099
P" 0.104 0.052 -0.068 -0.128
P 0.005 -0.047 -0.167 -0.227
6-8 (Cont.)
.*
& \d tl
-o.2
-.1
0.0
R.
ilt. lrate
".-,t
.1
.2
*E*-lfi$ffard
LErard
lnfiltration
- Windward Sides,
from 1't to 13th Floor Leeward Sides, 1't Floor onlY
Foor Exfiltration _ Wind\/ard Sides, from 14th to 2oth Leeward Sides, from 2nd to 2Oth Floor
1rt floor, lnfiltration on all sides windows
(c)
through doors, walls and fixed
for tight fitting. Windward Walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22 f rorn f ig. 6-6, Q/A = O.OB cfm/ft2'
A=(1+60)1 2=1920f(
= O.O8
x 1920 = 154 cfm
puoses only to basis for testng or instrutional by instructrs for distributon on a not-for-profit Ecets fom this work may be reproduced r*rin-hs ork beyond h Permied textbook ,u, ..n uipi"J . ny other reproa|ur'r,in-o, students enrolled in courses for whih the of he cpyright owner is unlful' Sttes Copyrght ct ithou ie permision by Sections 07 r ] 08 o7 rnr'i 9ii'i'ie
11
for tight fitting' Leeward walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22 From Fig. 6-6, Q/A = O'OO5 cfmlft2' A = (1OO + 60)12 = 1920 f(
Q =0.005x1920= 10cfm
for 1/8 in' crack' windward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 17 cfm/ft 6-8 (Cont.) For vestibule doors, assume a 35% reduction' Q/L = 17 x 0.65 = 1 1'05 cfm/ft L = (3 x 6.75) + (2 x 6) = 32'25 ft Q = 11.05 x 32.25 = 356 cfm
cfm/ft for 1/8 in' crack' Leeward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 1.5 or vestibule doors, assum e a 35o/o reduction' Q/L = 1.5 x 0.65 = 0'975 cfm/ft = O.975x32'25 = 31 cfm
Then,totalinfiltration(neglectingtrafficeffect)is + 551 cfm' Qtot = 154 + 1O + 356 31 =

the 1Sth and 2th floors'
6-9
negative pressure differentials for (d) and (e) lnfittration rate is zero due to
For Minneapolis, MN:
to = -1
1oF'
t1
= 70"F
'
[Note:t=70-(-11)=81oFisinconsistentwithProblem6-8where to be minor]
error is assumed t = 40"F was used; however, an floor' (a) From Prob. 6-8, Q = 551 cfm for 1't Btu/hr q, = (5s1 , dotl 2'15)(0'24)(70 - (-11)) = 52'896 o.ooo) = 11,537 Btu/hr o, = lbSt x 60/1 2.15)('1060)(0.O04 Qt= Qr* Qr. =64,433 Btuihr
(b) and (c) qt = O'O due to zero infiltration
puoses only to basis fo'testing r instrutional by instrutos for distribution on a not-for-profit his wrk beyond ht permied Excets frm this wrk may be reproded o' oon'otionf the ,.o" oi i'"r'i""n uopt.a. ,q"y "rn}')ir"ai.iion is unl:wful' students enrol'ed in courses for whih tie permsion of the copyrigh owner f the 97 6 t]nited SeS "iyriii by Sectins 107 r 1 08 'i,thout
ii
102
6-10
For Des Moines, lA:
to =
-4oF, ti = 70oF'
windows, doors, Transmission heat loss (negtecting infiltration) through walls, and roofs can be determined by Eq. 5-19 as: q = UA(t -to)
Windows: A
From Table 5-5a, U = 0.55 Btu/(hr - ft2 -'F1; q = 0.55(144)(70 - (-4)) = 5,861 Btuihr
= (3 xa)1
2= 144ft2;
Doors:
2=243ft2', From Table 5-8, U = O'28 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F); (assume panel with metal storm door) q = 0 28 (243)(70 - (-4)) = 5,035 Btu/hr
= (3 x 6.75)1
wails:
64)21- 144- 60.75 = 1395.25ft2', From Table 5-4a, U = 0.14 Btu/(h r -ftz - 'F);
= 8[(36 +
O.
Q=
14(1 395. 25)(70
(-4)) = 14,455 Btu/hr
Roof/Ceilinq: A = 36 x 64 = 2304 ft2', rorn Example 5-3, U = O.83 Btu/(hr _ ft2 _ 'F1; q = 0.083(2304)(70 - (-4)) = 14,151 Btu/hr
can be determined Transmission heat loss through the slat-on-grade floor bY Eq 5-23 as:
Q = U'P(ti -to)
Floor:
p = (36 +64)2=200ft; R-value u' = o.8o Btu/(hr - ft - F), from Fig' 5-8 (assume insulation of 5.4 (hr - ft2 -'F)/ Btu and d = 2ft)' q = 0.8(2OOX7O - (-4)) = 11'840 Btu/hr
heat losses; Finally, total transmission heat loss is the sum of all
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iriiiiiou
103 qt
6-1
1
5l.Btut
standard air density, From Figure 6-2, Cp= 0'52. Using Eq' (6-7b) with the the pressure difference due to the wind of 15 mph is
(0
LP,
5[ 0.0765y\fr' )
z.(nllbry__s2 _
lbf
P*
0.058 in. water
pressurization' thus For a low-rise building, neglect stack effect and P1 = 0.058 in. water
and doors' From TabIes 6-'1 and 6-2, = 1 for tight-fitting windows From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = O.'13 cfm/ft' ft L" = [(3 x 3) + (2 x a)]x3 + (3+6.75)x2x3 = 109'5 e = 0.13 x 109.5 = 142 dm,
9s
=
Qr=
Qt=
('zx60/12'15)(16OX.O5_0.00)=372Btulhr Q, + Qr. = 1,617 Btu/hr
(14.2 x 60/1 2.15)(0'24)(70
(-4)) = 1,245 Btu/hr
6-12 For alifax, Nova Scotia:

to = 2oF, ti =
70oF'
Refer to Problem 6-10 for other data'
Windows: q
wails: *r,
Doors:q=0.28(243)(70-2)=4'627Btulhr
= 0.55(1 44)(70
2) = 5'386 Btu/hr
13,283 Btu/hr Q = 0.14(1 395. 25)(70 - 2) = ootrcuno: q = O.083(23O4)(70 -2)= 13'004 Btu/hr q = O.8(2OX70 _2) = 10'880 Btu/hr
or instructional puoses only to for dlstribution n a not-fbr-profit basis for testing Ecets from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs th permitted . ny other repro3''o' or rnsltion his ork beyond t u, .", ui.J students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok per*isiion of he copyrigh wner is unwful' /ii i"i.d Sror", copyrsnt ii 'iiiou i" by Sectins ] 07 or 1 0B q 'n""i
Total:
6-13
104
qt =
4loBtu/hr
oF; ti 70"F = Memphis, TN; to = 21 R*= 0.92+ 1.55 + 0.99 + 1.77 +0.17 = 5.4 (Tables 5-1 a'5-2a) U* = 115.4 = O.'185 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F) Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr - f( - "F) (Table 5-5a) s = 6xax3 = 54 ft2 n* = (40xl O)-54 = 346 ft2 q,= 0.185 x 346 x (70 - 21) = 3,136 Btu/hr qs = 0.81 x 54 x (70 - 211= 2,143 Btu/hr
Qtotrl =
5z auk!
6-14
Concord, NH; to = -2F, ti = 70oF R*= 5.4-0.99+ 3.0=7.41 U* = .135 Btu/(hr _ ft2 - "F) Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr -f( - 'F) (From problem 6-13) q* = 0.135 x 346 x [70 - (-2)]= 3,363 Btu/hr qn = 0.81 x 54 x (72) = 3,149 Btu/hr
Qtotr =
1Buer
6-15
lnstructor suPPlies solution.
6-16
(a) q=9s vs
(i'
iu)
puoses only to for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional Excets from this work may be reprodued by instuctrs repriuctn or trnstion f his ork beyond th permited udo|ted ' Any other students enolled in ourses tbl which the textbook t-'as b"en Act ithou tie permisiion of he cpyrigh oner is unlcnful' by Secins 07 or ] 08 7 *e l ol i ined Stotn, Copyrght
(280'00)(14.6) . _ q":-=:-_ ^= v! _21.8)60 =^251 i._iu

19(S
105 cfm
2.7
=
(b)
q = rh cp(t, -
t..)
9
vs
cp(ts
tr)
Q'
;r==
q,
5'633 cfm (O24X1 15_7O) =
(250,00)(14.6)
6-17
SHF
4st Q./(9. + ")
Locate states, and ondition line and heating pocess on psychometric

chart. _ t') Q. = rh cp(t, _ tr) or h . = q '/cr(t, h. = 100,000/(0'24 x20) = 20,833 lbm/hr Q. = h. X vr/6O = 20,833 x 14.05/60 Q" = 4,878 cfm or about 4,900 cfm
-100'999 = 33, ooo - oo, ooo) = -3.O3 ===,

(1
1
EetS frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses ony to permied students enolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslion of this work beynd ht by Secions 107 or ] 08 of the 97 6 Unied Sttes Cpyright c ,ithout the permission f he copyrigh oner is unlnful.
106
p
i
n
ffi
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for tSting or instructional puoses only to
by Sections
nyotherreproductionortrnsltionfthisorkbeyondthpermitted studentsenlledinoursesforwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted. ] 07 or 108 of he 976 [Jnited SteS Cpyright ct ihout the permission of the copyright oner i3 unlful.
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Chapter 7
7-1
First, find longitude from Table B-1a
Then, convert Daylight Saving Time to Local Standard Time using Eq. 7-5 Next, determine the equation of time from Table 7-2 Finally, determine Local Solar ime using Eq. 7-6 he following table Summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Location
Lincoln, NE Casper, WY Pendleton, OR London, UK
Norfolk,
Longltue'
76.2 96.75 106.47 118.85 0.45
Standard Meridian, o
VA
75 90 105 120 0
Daylight Savings ime

9:00:00 M 1:00:00 PM
^.-"":' tanarEouation o -' llme

ilme
:
Local
LocalSolar llme
12:00:00
10:00:00 M 3:00:00 PM 7:00:00 PM
M -2'41 min 7:52:47 A|' PM -2.41min 11:30:35M 9:00:00 AM -2'41 min 8:51:43 M 2:00:00 PM -2'41min 2:02:11P 6:00:00 PM -2.41min 5:55:47 PM
8:00:00
7-2
our angle (negative for morning and positive for afternoon) can be determined by
h:5* (LST _l2)

(a) h = 15*(8.19 -'12:00) = 15*(-3.683) = -55.25 deg. (b) h = 15*(10:03 - 12'.00) = '15*(-1 .950) = -29.25 deg.
(c) h = 15*(15:46- 12:00)= 15*(3.767)= 56.50deg.
107
(d) h = 15"(12.01 - 12:00) ='15*(0.017)= 0.25 deg'
7-3
t sunset and sunrise, =0"; sin(B)
From Eq. 7-8; os(/)
os(h). os()
- _sin(/).
sin()
os(h,,) = os(ft,,) = _ tan(/)' tan()
The following table summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Location
MT orlando, FL Anchorage, AL Honolulu, l
Billings,
Latitude,'N
'i"J;::',3" Cos(h)
20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6
45.8 28.43 61.17 21.35
^ffi::. -0.3865 112.7

-0.2035 101.7 -0.6829 133.1 -0.1469 98.4
',|1:ff ',t''i
4:29 5:13
AM AM 3:07 M 5:26 AM
7:30 AM 6:46 AM
8:52 AM
6:33 AM
Note earlier sunrise at greater latitudes

7-4
/=
33.0 deg. N
h = 15.(9-12) = -45.0 deg.
on Sep 21,
= 0.0 deg.
From Eq. 7-8; sin(B) = 36'37 deg'
: os(/).
os(ft). os()
sin(/). sin()
= 0.593
From q' 7-11
cos{ = s ;
sin os/ _ cos sin / os h
= -0.478
= 118.57 deg. (clockwise from north)
-"o,
nn a nnt-fnr_nrnfit hqqis fr testin or instructional puoses only to Exerpts from this work may be reDroduced bv instnlctrq f'r rliqtrih,lfinn
108
7-5
At sunris e,
_ 0"; sin(B)
From Eq. 7-8; os(/)

os(h,. )
'
os(h)
'
os() _ _sin(/)
' sin()
_tan(/)' tan()
(a)
June 21'' -- 23'45 deg; / = 58 deg'
-8'93 hours cos h = -O'6942; h = -133'96 deg' or
Sunrise is at 3:04 AM (Solar Time)

From Eq. 7-11;
^^^ "oo
_ sin _
cos /
os sin / os h
cos
= O.751
north) = 41.33 deg. (clockwise from
(b)
cos h
Dec21'' = -23'45 deg;

=
= 58 deg'
0.6942; h = -46'04 deg' or -3'07 hours
Sunrise is at 8:55 AM (Solar Time)
. sincos/ os=" From q'7-11;
_ossin lcosh
=-0'751
from north) = 138.67 deg. (ctockwise
7-6
Maximumsolaraltitudeangle,willoccuratsolarnoon,h=0
]09From Eq.
7-1O,
CO:
_ û*:90 _ Min\, u,)
From Table 7-2, |'u"l = 23.45
(a)
Denver,
= 39.75 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u" = 23'45 deg. and hence '", = 73.70 deg. Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(b)
Lansing, Ml: l= 42.77 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest positive value of . From Table 7-2, 'u"= 23.45 deg. and hence 'u"= 70.68 deg. Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(c)
Sydney, ustralia:
/=
33.95 deg. S.
|/|
For south latitude, / is negative and largest negative rralue of .
is greater than l'u"l So
\/e
need
From Tabe 7-2, 'u, = -23'45 deg. and hence '", = 79.50 deg. Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on Dec 21.
7-7
Longitude'. Lt= 100 deg. W
Local Standard Time. LCT = 3:30 pm
on Nov 21, Eo
= '13.8 min
instrutional puoses nly to Excerpts from this orktnay be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or
l . _-__t!^lj.-^^''-^^^
''^'^-^).'^1:^'"^-|-âclntinnnfthj.srkbeondhDermied
110
Using Eq. 7-6,

pm.
LSf
= 15.50
(100-90).4 /60+ '13.8/60 = 15.063 Hr or 3:04
Latitude: l = 37 '5 deg.
our ange: h = 15-('15.063-12)
45.95 deg.
on Nov 21,
= -19.8 deg.
Using Eq' 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 21.36 deg. Then using q.7-11 to calculate solar azimuth; from north) Surface azimuth;
= 12+180 = 192
226'56 deg. (clockwise
deg. (clockwise from north)
Finally, using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth
y= 1226.56-1921= 34.56 deg. 7-8 Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface
= 39.92 deg.
Using q' 7-13a to caIculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface

For surface tilt = 70", = 32.30 deg'
7-9
For Ottawa, Ontario on July 21,
Longitude. Lt= 75.67 deg. W

Latitude: = 45.32 deg. N
XetS from this work may be reproduced by lnstrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instructional purposos only to studerrts enroled in curses for whih the tcxtbook has been adopted. ny her reroductio or r1fisin f his work beyond ht ermited
Equation of ime: oT
= -6.2 min
Dec|ination: = 20.6 deg.

(a) Eastern Daylight Savings Time:
EDSI
4:00 pm
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7- = 14.852 Hr or 2'.51 pm.

Hour ange: h = 15*(14'852-12)
=
42.78 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 47"16 deg. Using q'7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface, = cos-1(sin(47.16)) = 42'84 deg.
(b) At
sunset,
cos(fr
0 and sinp
=Q
):
_tan(/). tan()
Hour angle: h = 112.34 deg.
Solar time at sunset:
LSf
= 12 + hl15 = 19.49 hr or 7:29 pm.
astern Daylight Savings ime can be calculated by DST

=
LST
(L'
_ S(4min/deg-t4l)
- oT
+L
=
EDS
7-10
= 19.49 +(75.67-75)-(4/60)-(-6.2/60)+1
20.638 hr or 8:38 pm.
For Philadelphia, PA on July 21, Longitude'' L= 75.25 deg. W Latitude: / = 39.88 deg. N Equation of Time: oT = -6.2 min Declination: = 20.6 deg. Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI = 10:30 am
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrol]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. nyl other renro,l1ft;h ^v lf.lî^,^ ^{lL]d 'l^yL o1'^') t1nt ^trmtted
112
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7 = 15.852 Hr or 3:51 pm.

Hour angle: h = 15-(15.852-12) = 57.78 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 49'42 deg.
Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth;
(a) Using q' 7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
= cos-1(sin(49.42)) = 40.58 deg.
(b) For vertical surface facing southeast, Surface Tilt; = 90 deg., and Surface azimuth; = 135 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth , y= |114'3-135
20.7 deg'
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface,

=
cos-l(cos(49.42)cos(20 7)) = 52'52 deg'
(c) For inclined surface faing south, Surface Tilt; = (90-40) = 50 deg., and Surface azimuth', = 180 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= l114.3-180|
65.7 deg.
Using q.7-13a to calculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface,

d = cos-1 (cos(49.42)cos(65.70)sin(50)+sn(+g.42)cos(50))
=
46.'t 1 deg.
7-11
7-12
7-13
For Calibou, M on July 21,
instructional puoses only to . Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors f,or distribution n a not-or-profit basls for testing or hl permted enrolled in courses for which the texook has been adpted. ny other rerlu"',--:':::':::!*::::]'-g:,od students
113
Longitude' Lt= 46.87 deg. W Latitude: l= 68.02 deg. N Equation of Time: EOT = -6.2 min
Declination: = 20.6 deg. Solar Parameters; = 346'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1093 Wm2, B = 0.186, and C = 0.138 Eastern Daylight Savings Time: DSr = 2:00 pm Surface Tilt; = 60 deg. Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north)
Using Eq. 7-6, LSI = 14'72 r

Hour angle: h = 15.(14.72-12)
= 41
.58 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 36.04 deg.
Using q'7-11 to find solar azimuth;
__
230.2 de9. (clockwise from north)
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= 5'2 deg' Using q' 7-13a to calculate angle of incidence, = 7.45 deg.
Using q' 7-15 and clearness number of 1, 796.75 Wm2
Gry =
252'51 Btu/hr_ft2 or
Using q' 7-16a, G = 250.28 Btu/hr-ft2 or 790'03 Wm2 Using Eqs, 7-18 and 7-2O, G= 26'13 Btu/hr-ft2 or 82'46 Wm2
Therefore, total clear sky irradiation is276.51 Btu/hr-ft2 or 872.49 Wm2 7-14
Given lnformation: Date: June 21 Longitude' Lt= 96'0 deg' W Latitude: / = 36.0 deg. N quation of ime: oT = -1 .4 min Declination: = 23.45 deg.
puoses only to Eerpts fiom this wrk may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional f his wrk beyond h permited students enrolled in ourses fb whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther rerucion r rJ'lsalion
114
Solar Parameters; = 346.1 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1092 Wm" ' B = 0' 1 85, and C = 0.137 Central Daylight Savings Time: CDSI = 8:00 pm Surfae ilt; = 90 deg. Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north) Reflectance from water; Ps = 0'25
Using Eq. 7-6,
LSf
= 18.58 Hr
Hour angle: h = 15-(18.58-12) = 98'65 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude,
= 7 '02
deg'
Using q' 7-15,
G, =
76'24 Btuihr-ft2 or 240'5 Wm2
lrradiation reflected from the ground can be determined by
Gn: PrF.r(sin +C)G'o

where F'ncan be determined from q'7-24'
Therefor, G = 2'47 Btu/hr-ft2 or 7'8
Wm'
7-15
Given lnformation: Date: lar 21 Latitude: / = 56.0 deg. N Equation of Time: o = -7'5 min Declination: = 0.0 deg. Solar Parameters; = ao.g Btu/hr-ft2 or 1164\Nlm', B = 0'149' and C = 0.109 Local Solar Time: LSf = 12:00 Pm Surface Tilt; = 90 deg' Surface Azimuth, S; = 180 deg' (clockwise from north) Clearness number; CN = 0'95 Diffuse Reflectance from Sno\/; n = 0'7
Hour angle: h = 0.0 deg.
puoses ony to distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional Excerpts from this work may b reprodued by instructors for of his rk befrr] .hot nermiti has been adopted. 'qn thei ,eroucion or rnstion students enrolled in courses for which the textbok
115
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcuate solar altitude, = 34'0 deg' Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth;

7r=
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth,
0.0 deg. 34.0 deg.
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence, Using q.7-15, Gtv Using q'
7
268.5 Btu/hr-ft2 or 847 '1 \lm2
-16a, G = 222'6 Btu/hr-ft2 or 702'3

= 33.O Btu/hr-ft'
Wm'
Using qs' 7-21 and 7-22, G
or 104. 1 \lm2
lrradiation reflected from the ground can be determined by
G^: PrF'r(sln+C)G'o
where F*n can be determined from q.7-24' Therefore, GR = 62'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 198.1 \lm'
7-16
Given lnformation: Date: Aug 2'1 Latitude: I = 32.0 deg. N Equation of Time: oT = -2'4 min Declination: = 12.3 deg. Solar Parameters; = 350.9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1107 \llm2, B = 0'182, and C = 0.134 Local Solar Time: LSf = 10:00 am Surface Tilt; = 45 deg. Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg. (clockwise from north) Diffuse Reflectance from ground; n = 0.3
Hour angle: h = -30.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar atitude, = 56.1 deg.

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116
Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 118.7 deg. (clockwise from north) Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 106.3 deg. Using q.7-13b to calculate angle of incidence, Using q' 7-15,
Gruo = =
61.5 deg.
281'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 889'1 Wm2
Using q'7-16a, G = 134'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 424'0 Wm2

Using Eqs. 7-18 and 7-2o, G= 32'2 Btu/hr-ft2 or
10'1
'7
\m"
Using Eqs. 7-23 and7-24, GR = 11'9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 37 '7
\'lm2
',11.9) = 178.6 Btu/hr-ft2 or Using Eqs. 7-25 , Gt= (34.4 + 32.2 + = (424.0 + 101 .7 + 37.7) = 889.1 Wm'z
7-17
The following results are determined from a computer program employing equations in the book from Eqs. 7-6 to 7-26' Following tables summarize input and output data calculated for southwestfacing vertical window at32 deg. N latitude, 90 deg. W longitude, for all daylght hours of a clear day on July 21with ground reflectance of 0.2 and clearness number of 1.
Longitude 90 Standard Meridian 90 -6.2 EOT 32 Latitude Declination 20.6 225 Surf Azimuth 90 Surf Tilt 346.4 A 0,186 B 0,138 c cN1 0'2 RoG
lnput Data
deg deg
min
deg deg deg deg

Btu/hr-ft2
to on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution nr trn'ntinn n{1|1jq anr' holn'] th' 29;fio) textbk has heen adonted. n othcr fn/^.h'"tinn students enrlled in courses tbr vhich the
117
Output Data
cDsr 7.00 8.00 9.00

12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00
1
LsI 5.90 6.90 7.90 10.00 8.90 1.00 9.90

1
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
Gruo* Go* Ga* G* G,* 153.43 151.90 112.19 O.OO 6.97 3.40 10.37 -76.55 21.78 78.63 146.37 140.64 209.84 o.OO 13.03 10.68 23.71 -61.55 34.38 85.69 139.31 128.74 249.18 o.OO 15.47 17.51 32.98 -46.55 47.09 93.60 131.40 116.76 268.71 o.OO 16.69 23.39 40.07 -31.55 59.65 104.24 120.76 104.98 279.23 o.OO 17.34 27.g5 45.2s 10.90 -16.55 71.33 123.59 101.41 93.63 284.65 o.OO 20.57 30.90 51.46 1 .90 -1.55 78.52 172.69 52.31 83.01 286.52 34.88 24.03 32.03 90.94 12.90 13.45 73.44 229.79 4.79 73.4s 285.30 81.05 27.54 91.28 139.87 13.90 28.45 62.18 252.83 27.83 65.62 280.70 115.85 30.36 28.70 174.91 14.90 43.45 49.71 264.52 39.52 60.08 271.44 135.41 31.69 24.45 1g1.54 15.90 58.45 37.00 272.79 47.79 57.55 254.30 136.46 30.69 18.81 185.97 16.90 73.45 24.37 279.93 54.93 58.44 220.69 115.51 26.33 12.15 153.99 17.90 88.45 12.00 286.94 61.94 62.60 141.60 65.16 1s.97 4.90 86.03
h,
. ,. -91.55 9.50 71.57

,
"
7-18
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output data caculated for south-facing Surface tilted at 45 deg. on Apr 21 in Louisville, KY.
lnput Data
Longitude Standard Meridian
Eo
Latitude
Declination
Surf zimuth Surf Tit
358.2
0.1
85.73 90 1.1 38.18 1.6 180 45

1
deg deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
CN RHOG
64 0.12
1
0.2 Output Data
tSI
1.0
h,
'.
-38.3 -32.9 -24.8
2.0
3.0
-165.0 -150.0
-'135.0
," 18.8 35.7 49.8
," Gruo* 161.2 164.4 0.0 144.3 150.0 0.0 130.2 135.4 0.0 ,"
JD
G*
JR* ^
ra ^*
0.0 0.0 0.
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributin on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adnted. nll nthy "o^.^)"
118
*Unit
4.0 -120.0 _15.1 61 .5 5.0 -105.0 _4.3 71.6 6.0 -90.0 7.1 80.8 .0 -75.0 18.9 s9.9 8.0 -60.0 30.6 99.7 9.0 -45.0 42.0 111.3 10.0 -30.0 52.3 126.8 11 .0 -15.0 60.2 149.3 12.0 0.0 63.4 180.0 13.0 15.0 60.2 210.7 14.0 30.0 52.3 239.2 15.0 45.0 42.0 248.7 '16.0 60.0 30.6 260.3 17 .0 75.0 18.9 270.1 18.0 90.0 .1 279.2 19.0 105.0 -4.3 288.4 20.0 120.0 -15.1 298.5 21 .0 135.0 _24.8 310.2 22.0 150.0 _32.9 324.3 23.0 165.0 -38.3 341.2 24.0 180.0 _40.2 360.0
7 7
118.5 120.7 18.4 106.0
108.4
1
90.1 80.3 68.7 53.2 30.7 0' 30.7 53.2 68.7 80.3 90.1 99.2
18.5
o.o o.o o.o o.o 99.2 91.4 95.7 o.o
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
130.2 144.3 161.2 180.0
76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1 62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6 48.4 280.3 186..1 28.7 35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8 23J 296.5 271.5 30.4 18'4 298'2 282.9 3o.5 23.7 296.5 271.5 30.4 35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8 48.4 2S0.3 186.1 28.7 62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6 76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1 91.4 95.7 o.o 9.8 106.0 o.o o.o o.o 120.7 o.o o.o o.o 135.4 o.o o.o o.o 150.0 o.o o.o o.o 164.4 o.o o.o o.o 175.2 o.o o.o o.o
o.o o.o 9.8
0.0 0.0 0.7 2.8 4.8 6.5 7.8 8.6 8.9 8.6 7.8 6.5 4.8 2.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 10.5

74.1 151.4
221.3 275.9
3,10.5
322.3 310.5
275.9 221.3 1s1.4

74.1
10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0
7-19
Using the developed program,.following tables summarize input and output data calcuated for an east-facing windw, 3 ft. wide by 5 ft. high, with no set bak on a clea r Jul21 day in-Boise, lD.
Longitude
nput Data
Standard Meridian
oT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth Surf Titt
A
B
116.22 120 -6.2 43.57 20.6 90 90

346.4
38
1
deg deg
min
deg
deg deg deg
Btu/hr-ft2
CN RHOG
.'186
0.1
0.2
LSr 5.0 -,105.0 6.0 -90.0

ilffi;;;;;l#;':il;:'r;
h, o
Output Data
,.
3.8
14.0
,'
65.0 74.8
,"
25.0
15.2
o Guo* Go" 25.3 21.5 19.5 20.6 160.9 .150.6

,
G*
3.6
27.4
GR* Gt* e 0.4 23.5 352.4 6.'1 184.1 2761 .3

to
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruionalmosesonl}, rnich the texthn.. hqc h-.- ".1l'_':9*':'
119
*Unit
7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 1.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17 .0 18.0 19.0
1
-75.0 -60.0 -45.0 -30.0 -15.0 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0
oE
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft2
24.7 35.6 46.2 56.1 63.8 67.0 63.8 56.1 46.2 35.6 24.7 14.0 3.8
213.3 237.0 253.1 265.2 275.6 285.2 295.0
84.4 94.8 106.9 123.0 146.7 18.0
5.6 4.8 16,9 33.0

56.7
90.0
123.3
147.0
163.1 175.2 195.2
.185.6
205.0
281.6 283.0 104.0 281.6 117 '9 276.8 131.4 267.7 144.2 251.6 154.7 222.0 159.4 160.9 154.7 21.5
25.3 35.8 48.6 62.1 76.0 90.0
222.0 251.6 267.7 276.8
200.7 203.9 177.2 129.6
36.8 38.5
36.1
68.2 0.0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31.4 26.2
21.5
17 .5
17 '2 .15.6
16.6
13.8 10.0
1.3
26.8 29.2 30.0 29.2 26.8 23.0 18.1 12.3 6.1 0.4
12.3 249.9 18.1 260.6 23.0 236.3

187.8 123.6
3747.9 3908.9 3544.7 2817.2
51.4 46.6 44.0 39.7 33.7 26.1 16.1 1.8
18s3.6
771.7 699.7
659.8
594.8 505.9 391.9 241.6 26.7
is the rate at which solar energy strike the window in Btu/hr
-20
Given lnformation:
Latitude:
Windowwidth;W=4ft. Windowheight; H=6ft. Setbackdistance; b=1 ft.

(a) On
Surface azimuth, S;
l= 32.47 deg.
z-=
180 deg. (clockwise from north)
April2l
Declination: = 12.3 deg. Local Solar ime: LSr= 9:00 am
Hour angle: h = 15.(9-12) = -45.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcu|ate solar altitude, = 43'82 deg' Using q' 7-1'1 to find solar azimuth; = 106'27 deg. (clockwise from north) Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-soar azimuth, y= 73'73 deg. Using qs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calcuate shaded dimensions,
= (1 ft.)-tan(73.73) = 3.43 ft. y = (1 ft ).tan(43.82)/cos(73.73) = 3.42 ft.
! t
r6'
4'
Shaded area can be calculated by
x.erpts from- this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-or-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t students enrol1ed in courses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsl.tii of his wrk beyni th permied
bySections]07r]08ofhe976UniedlqaeC-apyrighcw,ihouheDern&1!!Mf1hecwlrjsh1
oue-r
j'9g!!-g+&!.
."!:'.''' a
'-7
120
,h =W
_ (W
x)
(H _ y) = 22'52
ft2
7-20 (Cont.) Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 93"8%.
(b)
On July
21
Declination: = 20.6 deg. Local Solar Time. LSl. = 12:00 pm
Hour angle: h = 15*(12-12) = 0.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 78.13 deg. Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 180.0 deg. (clockwise from north) Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 0.0 deg. Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions, x = (1 ft.)*tan(0.0) = 0.0 ft. y = (1 ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0.0) Shaded area can be calculated by
4.76 ft.
,h=W*H_(W _x)*(-_y)
= 19.03ft2
herefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 79.3%.

(c) On Sep 21
Declination: = 0.0 deg. Local Solar Time: LSl. = 5:00 9m
Hour angle: h = 15*(17-12) = 75.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to alculate solar altitude, = 12.61 deg. Using q'7-11 tofind solarazimuth; =261.81 deg. (clockwisefrom north)
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to
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhihthetextbokhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproducionortrnsionfthisrkbeyondthpermted ;a ''"^''t\'1 by Secions 07 or ]08 ofhe 976 [JnitedSesCnriqhl '| \ithn1t th hovh'i'Ci' n{tho '^---:not '1lv'-
121
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth , y= 81.81 deg.

7
-20 (Cont.)
Using q.7-28 to calculate the horizontally shaded dimension,

x = (1 ft.).tan(81.81) = 6.95 ft.
X,
Since x is greater than W, the window is completely shaded.

Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%'
7-21
Given: Problem 7-20 with a tong 2 ft overhang located 2ft above the top of the window.
For this problem, bo for overhang is the sum of the overhang depth and the setback; hene, bo = /+] = 3 ft.
(a) he vertically shaded dimension on the window due to the overhang can be calculated bY:
lo=botanlcosy_!o-.
where 1rr-, is the distance of the overhang above the window. Therefore,
o = (3 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos
(73'73) - 2 _ 8'27 ft'
Sine
is greater than H, the window is completely shaded.
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%.

(b) Similafly, yo= (3 ft.)- tan(78.13)/cos(0.0)
- 2=
12'27 ft'
Since y, is greater than H, the window is completely shaded'

'100%' Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is
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122 the setback' there is no (c) Since the window is completely shaded due to need to calculate Yo'
-22
setback' Given. Problem 7-2owith 6 in. setback instead of 1 ft'

(a) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
x = (0.5 ft.)*tan(73.73) = 1'71 fL , = (o.s ft.)-tan(43.82)/os(73'73) = 1'71 ft'
Shaded area can be calculated bY

,n =W
*
_ (W
_x)* (H _ y) = 14.19 fi2
is 59'1%' Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded

(b) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
= (O.5 ft.)-tan(0'0) = '0 ft' , = (.s ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0'0)
_-
2'38 ft'
Shaded area can be calculated bY

,l, =W
*
_ (W _'T )
(H _ y) = 9'52
ft2
shaded is 39'7%' Therefore, the percentage of the window that is
(c)UsingEqs.T-28to7-3Otocalculateshadeddimensions,
x = (0.5 ft.).tan(81'81) = 3'48 ft' , = (O.S ft.)-tan(12.61)/cos(81 'S1) = 0'79 ft'
Shaded area can be calculated

,h =W
*
bY
H _(W _.)* (H
y)
21'27
ft2
or instrutional puoses ony to for djstribution on a not-for-profit basis or testing Excets from this work may be reproduced by instructors
studentsenrolledinoursestowhichtnetexookhasbeen o7Abi+^)c'-!"^^f''";..1'! h'Srtinnrl07nrl0Rn{t1o
^l"i'r'i ''',.'"''^""i'-''""'''''-"'^-^{i"^^^'^'';-^1
iy'nrrrrprourô-o,rnsliiofhisorkbeyondthtermitted
'''-''"i"-^'{"l
123 Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 88'6%'
-23
as described in Problem 7-20, the following table summarizes the calculated data.
on December 21, Declination: = -23'45 deg. Using the same procedure
Solar :"^::j Hour Solar Azimuth,Surface- '"Jlff#:"' Solar Angle, ltitude, :,ol1' ""; o o Time, f\Zllul Azimuth,' Dimension '' " 1x1, ft hr 1'37 8.OO -6O.O0 9.98 126.22 53 78 ',136.52 43 48 o'95 9.OO -45.00 1g.4g 0'60 1o,oo -3o.oo 27.17 148.96 31'04 o'29 1.OO -15.00 32.27 163.69 16'31 o oo 34.08 18o.OO O'OO 12.00 O.OO 0 29 13.00 15.00 32.27 196.3',1 16'31 o 60 27.17 211'04 31'04 14.00 3O.OO 0 95 43'48 15.00 45.00 19.49 22g 48 1'37 23g.78 53'78 16.00 60.0O 9.98
'1
Dimension Area,
(y)' ft
"#::
o'30 o'49 0'60 0'66 0'68 0'66 0'60 0 49 0 30
Shaded
ft2
%Shaded
rea
37
8'98 7 '18 5'65 4'20 2'71 4'20 5 65 7 18 8 98
29'9
17
1
',1
'4
23',5
'5
',3
17
23'5
29',9
37
'5
'4
-24
This problem is similar to ProblemT-21 but the overhang depth is 3 ft in instead of 2ft. Since the window in ProblemT-21 is completely shaded all all cases. he window in this problem is also completely shaded in cases since the overhang depth is greater in this problem'
-25
-26
-27
Eqs' First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar irradiation. Using problem), 7-8 to 7-26 (or a computeiprogr developed for previous
puoses only to on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional Exets 1iom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distibution
studentsenroledincoursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeen
adopted' nyotherreproucinrtrnslioofthisworkbeyondhpermited
124
incidence angle and solar irradiation on a southwest-facing window for Boise, lD on a clear July 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are Angle of Incidence = 52.4 deg', Direct Solar lrradiation: Gp = 163'4 Btu/hr-ft2' Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga + G = 34'5 + 23'0 = 57 -3 Btu/hr-ft', and Total Solar lrradiation: G1 = 163'4 + 57 '3 = 220'9 Btu/hr-ft2'
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 12'44 and 2.56 ft2, resPectivelY.
ft2
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 21c are SHGGgo(52.4") = 0.548 and SHGGg= 0'52'
be From Table 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
From able 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having aluminum frame with thermal break utilizing metal spacers is 1.13 Btu/hrft2-'F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance of the aluminum frame (assuming the window is not a nev/ one) is 0.8.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" = frame can be calculated using Eq' 7-31 as: SHGGr = 0.8*(1 '1314'0) = 0'226'
Aru),
the SHGC for the
Then, using q.7-32, the total solar heat gain is

Qsnc = (0.548.1 2.44 + 0.226*2.56)*163'4 + (0.52*1 2.44 + 0.226*2.56)-57.5 = 1613'68 Btuihr'
7
-28
glazing From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the system lD 21c are
puoses only to distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for of hs wrk beyond h permitted the tx;book has .", uJopt". ny oher reprouction or rnsti students enrl]ed in ourses for whih
125
7
-28 (Cont.)
T6(52'4") = O.+1 56, tw2) = O'140, fz2'4) = 0'1524' Ta= O'40, -Af = o.'13, and fza= O.15.
Using Eq. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is

Qrru"', = (0'4156-163.4 + 0.4*57.5)-12'44 = 1130.9'1 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
8 oroo,, =
=
[1
63'4*(0"1 4+0'
524) + 57'5*(0"1 3+0' 1 5)]-1 2'44
794.64 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.42 Btu/hr-ft2-"F. Similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F. Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be calculated by:
Nt=0.42 14.0=0.105
From Table 5-2a, the inside surface conductance may be estimated to be 1.46 Btu/hr-ft'-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calculated
by:
flo'2=
,11
U hi 0.42
1 1=-1
1
.46
=o'59Btu/hr-ft2-'F
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
Nz= 0.42 / 0.59 = 0.71
puoses only to Exerpts 1iom this work rnay be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional permitted students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok has been adoted' ny oher reproduction r lrnsltin of his wrk beyond th
126 7-28 (Cont.)
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the gazing system is

N=
[1
= 0.122
63.4*(0.'1 0S*0. 14+0.7 1*0.1 524) + 57.5*(.'1 05*0. 13+0.71-0. 1 5)] l 220 '9
Using Eq. 7-39 and the SHGGr calculated from the previous problem, the solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is
Qoroo,f = (163.4 + 57.5)*2.56*0.226 = 127 .80 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration system is
Quruo,ur =
794.64*0.122 + 127 .80 = 224.75 Btu/hr.
The total solar heat gain is then

Qsrc = 1130.91 + 224.75 = 1355.66 Btu/hr.
7
-29
From Table 7-4, lAC for a lighted-color Venetian blind installed on a residential double-pane window is 0.66.
Using q' 7-41, the total solar heat gain is

Q
suc = '226-2'56-220'9) + [0.548*12.44*163.4 + 0.52* 12.44*57 .5]*0.66 = 1108.48 Btu/hr.
-30
From Table 7-6, for a ighted-color Venetian blind, shade transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance are 0.05, 0.55, and 0.40, respectivey.
Using q' 7-42, the transmitted solar heat gain is
127
7-30 (Cont.)
Qrroo = 0.05*1130.91 = 56.55 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-43, the absorbed solar heat gan is

4or"" = 224.75 + 0.40*1 130.91
=
+ 0.55*1 130.91 *0.122*(0.'13+0.I S)
698.36 Btu/hr.
7-31
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b are
SHGGgo(52'4")
0.6256 and SHG Gg = 0.60.
Similar to Problem 7-27 , SHGGr = 0.226.
Then, using q'7-32, the total solar heat gain is

Qsc = (0.6256-12.44 + 0'226*2.56)*1 63.4 + (0.60.12.44 + 0.226*2.56)*57.5 = 1828.64 Btu/hr.
-32
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the glazing system lD 5b are
TD(52'4") = 0.5332, 'Af ,o2'4) = 0.1924, 1fro2'4) = O'12, Ta= 0.51, -Atro= 0.19, and -Arzd= 0.11.
Using q. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is

Qrsac,g = (0.5332*'163.4 + 0.51*57.5)*1
2.44 = 1448.64 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
Q
llc'g =
[1
63.4*(0.1924+0'12) + 57.5-(0.
9+0.
1)1-12.44
-32 (Cont.)
=
-===
849.60 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of gtass is 0.55 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr_ft2_.F. Then' the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be caculated by:
Nz=0.SS /4.0=0.1375
Simiar to the prevous probtem, the inside surface conductance may be estmated to be 1.46 Bt/hr-ft2-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calcuated by.
ho,z=t\ =T-] 1 (]_ O55 - 1-46

/vz=0.55/0.gg=0.625
= 0.88 Btu/hr-ft2-"F
hen' the nward flowing fraction for gtazing layer
2 canbe
calcutated by:
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the glazing system is N = []-63 4-(O.1375-. 1924+o.625*0'12) + 1375*0' 19+0'625*0' 1 1 l 22o'g )]
=
'Jr';''
he solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is the Same as the previous probem, and is equa to 127 .80 Btu/hr'
Using q' 7-4O, the totat absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration system is
7 -32 (Cont.)
+ 127 '80 = Qo'"o'gt = 849'60*0'1OO
212j6 Btu/hr'
The total solar heat gain is then

+ Qwc = 1448'64
212J6
= 1661'4 Btu/hr'
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutiona purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adpted. ny other reprduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ] 07 or ] 0B of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright owner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, oboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 8
B-1
a) The heat gain is generally geater than the cooling load during the morning hours M/hen sunlight first strikes a building and the internal loads first begin. Heat is being stored in the building structure, furnishings, etc. b) Late at night when occupants are not present, lights and equipment are off and solar radiation is zero, the building gives up stored heat to the air, which the equipment removes as cooling load. The heat gain may be quite small, zero, or negative. c) At some time during the day, probably early evening, as heat gain is
decreasing, and equilibrium condition can be established when heat gain and cooling load are equal. Or, some interior zones, where the cooling load is driven only by internal heat gains may reach equilibrium if the heat gain remains constant for a number of hours.
8-2
Multipe design conditions should be checked, including peak dry bulb along with mean coincident \et bub, and peak wet bulb along with mean coincident dry bulb temperature.
8-3
SHRE 90.1 specified the2'5% design conditions, which roughly
corresponds to the 1% design conditions in the current Handbook of Fundamentals and the textbook.
Location Norfolk, VA
Outdoor
DB.'F
91
Outdoor
WB,'F
76
DB.'F
75
lndoor
lndoor RH. % 50
Elevation, ft
30
Latitude,
ON
36.90
131
8-4
into the tayer library' The select materials; some may need to be entered here' (Note that not resulting wall construction ,pp"rrt as shorrun using a density of 120 everything is specified exacity, .o that a student it1yt"i iic wi get a different set of CTF coefficients')
-"..-"...-ns1]
0 3
130 "18
3.
5]
5n
for room mode, we After running the HvacloadExplorer program in execute obtain the following CTF coefficients for this wall.
n
xn, Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn, Btu/h-ft2-"F
zn,
Btuih-ft2-"F
0
1
4.276507
-5.36497
0 0445
0.1 1581 0.01 1845
0.642344
-0.98287
0.638772
-0.02179
2
3
1.141149
-0.027 59
-7
0.376555
-0.01 101
0.001 134
.7-05
0.00017
-5E-06
B-5
except that the RThis problem is solved in the Same \/ay aS Problem 8-4, 13 insulation is changed to 5.5" thick R-19 insulation.
or instructional puoses only to for dtstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing permed xerpts fom this work may be reprodued by instutrs iny oh* up-iurrn-o, onstionf his work beynd th t,u, "., uai-pt.' students enrolled in courses tor whih the tetbook of the cpyrigh owner is unlful' copyrg|rt 'a| rr"iiu n, prr^''n by Secions 107 or ] 08 o7 ne ii;i' initid Sror^
132
The folowing CTF coefficients are obtained:

n
xn, Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn,
n,
tu/h-ft2-'F 0.000071
Btu/h-ft2-"F
0
1
4.277384
-5.95084 1.847897 -0.16027 0.001331
0.644513
-1.08666
0.510931 -0.05401
0.004622
0.008936 0.001835 0.00004
0.779066 -0.10021 0.001435
2
3
0.000734
8-6
gain, this problem follows the procedure of the last two problems. The thickness of the roll roofing must be estimated, and the conductivity chosen to match the overall conductance. (k=thickness*conductance)
The following CF coefficients are obtained:

xcets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students e'rolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnsion of this ork beyond h permited by Secins ] 07 r 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Cpyrigh c w ithu he permissin f he copyrigh oner is unlful'
133
xn, Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
n,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
0
1
1.014657 -1.09939
0.006092 0.029838 0.006044

0.000071
0.644513
-0.6816 0.150594
2 3
0.126521
0.000256
0.079104
0.00003
8-7
ln this case, a reasonable value for the resistance of the air-space must be selected. For the air^-space, an R-value of 1 is chosen; thus conductivity is set to '12 Btu-in lhr- ft2- F, and the thickness s set to 12 in Density an bp are set to zero and 0.24, respectively.
nt: ayers listed fnm tp t bfiom :epr*s*ni {r:n thg nutsiJ* t inside ot lhe sur{ce
The following CF coefficients are obtained:

n
xn, Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
zn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
0
1
1.014651
0.00468 0.027234 0.00674 .00016
0.654471
-0.71129 0.095526 0.000053
0.1 781 59
-1.12785
0.1 51 609
2
3
0.000351
Exc-erpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for.distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprocion or trnsl(]in of his rk beyontl th permied by Sectins ]07 r ]08 ofhe 1976 Unied SteS Cpyrigh cw'ithou hi permissn fhe cpyrigh ner i unlful'
134
8-8
Again, reasonable values must be assumed for the density of the acoustical tile and the specific heat of the limestone concrete.
The folowing CTF coefficients are obtained:

n
CI
xn, Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Zn'
3.162792
-3.76069
Btu/h-ft2-'F 0.002232
Btu/h-ft2-'F 0.2851 '16
0.01895
-0.38995
0.137 459
0.71366
2
3
0.633425
-0.00642
0.007779
0.000149
-0.01912
-0.0352
8-9
First, app|y the exterior onvective heat transfer correlation, Equation 818a, to determin h"' Assume the 15 mph wind is windward on the surface, which results in h" = 2.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Estimate the sky temperature as 10.8 R below the outdoor ambient temperature = 546.87 R. Then estimate the effective sky temperature for a vertical surface from quation 8-25
tsky,o=
cos (90/2)ry +(1-cos(90/2))f,
550.0 R
EXcetS from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distibution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this wrk beynd h permited by Sectins 07 r 08 f the 1976 tJnited Sttes Copyr1h c \itlout he permission of the copyrigh oner is unlfu.
136
Declination
Surf zimuth Surf Tilt
346.4
86 0.1 38
0.1
1
20.6 270 90
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
RoG
CN
0.2 Output Data
MDST LSI h, o 1 .00 23.79 176.83 2.00 0.79 -168.17 3.00 1.79 -153.17 4.00 2.79 -138.17 5.00 3.79 -123.17
"
,'
,o
,o
* r/vD 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
JD* ^
rd* ^
JR* ^
rt ^*
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.93 23.08 32.24 39.29 44.53
-34.27
-33.23
-28.80 -21.65
-12.54
*Unit
12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
4.79 -108.17 -2.11 5.79 -93.17 9.19 6.79 -78.17 21.05 7.79 -63.17 33.22 10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49 11.00 9.79 -33.17 57.51
10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79 14.79 15.79 16.79
6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
356.41 86.41 87.03 13.26 256.74 101.06 28.82 241.18 114.99 42.20 227.80 128.63 53.39 216.61 141.58 62.87 207.13 152.80
of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
20.79 '131.83 21.79 146.83 22.79 161.83
-3.17 75.28 11.83 72.19 26.83 62.36 41 .83 50.63 56.83 38.41 71 .83 26.17 17 .79 86.83 14.15 18.79 101 .83 2.58 19.79 1 16.83 -8.27
-18.17
68.46
-18.00 -26.06 -31.74
269.56 0.44 277.71 7.71 285.45 15.45 293.49 23.49 302.43 32.43
218.87 51.13 245.60 24.40 259.78 10.22
107.55 162.45 127.34 142.66 168.24 101.76
79.02 190.98 86.89 183.11 95.77 174.23
71
.22
198.78
159.17 156.37 146.65 134.23

120.81
106.97 92.97 78.94 65.01 51.37 38.42
108.07 206.38 246.69 266.87 277.85 283.62 285.80
27.20 20.83 23.63

33.35 45.77 59.19 73.03
284.93 54.68 280.80 1 18.63 272.32 170.01 256.78 201.20 227.20 202.07 161 .85 151.27
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12.82 10.26 15.32 16.92 16.57 22.71 17.25 27.27 17.61 30.29 47.91 20.83 31.59 52.42 25.38 31.06 111.11 30.63 28.75 178.01 35.51 24.81 230.32 38.43 19.50 259.13 37.19 13.16 252.42
27
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.71
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.22
312.83 42.83 325.24 55.24 339.93 69.93
5.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
.51 0.93 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.19 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
184.97 6.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
The hourly dry-bulb temperature is calculated using Equation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar time has been used to determine the temperature. A spreadsheet is used to obtain the solution. lteration is accomplished by simpy pasting the calculated values of Io" back into the " Io", estimated" column.
lnput Data U-Value Solar absorotivitv Ihermal emissivit
0.1
Btui(h-ft2-F)
0.8
0.9
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distrrbution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his wrk beyond th permitted by Secions 107 or ]08 ofthe 976 United Sttes Cpyriqht ctlihu he permissin fthe cpyright oner is unlful.
137
is Peak temperature Dailv Ranqe Mean Wind Soeed
72.O
F
96.0 25.4 10.0
F F mph Output Data
Clock
Time
1.00
Local Time
Outdoor
Dry-bulb Temp.
(F)
Solar
emp. (F) 64.4

63.1
skv
Effective
Temp.
(F)
skv
To",
hc
hrsky
hrg..o
estimated (Btu/(h(F)
(Btu/(h
(Btu/(h-
ft'-F)) 1.58 1.58

'1.58
-fr-F))
0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 .45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.5
0.51
ft'-F))
0.47 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50
.51
calculated from 8-24

(F) 73.14 71.93 70.72
To",
9conduction
(Btu/(htt')) 0.1
1
2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 1 6.00 17 0 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.0 22.00 23.0 24.00
23.79 0.79 1.79 2.79 3.79
4.79
5.79 6.79 7.79 8.79 9.79 10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79
14.79 15.79
75.2 73.9 72.6 71.6 70.9 70.6

71.1
61.8 60.8
60.1
67.5 66.3 65.0 64.0

63.2
74.60 73.15 71.94 70.72
-0.01
-0.13
-0.23
1.58
'1.58
59.8
72.4 74.7 78.0

8'1.8
60.3 61.6 63.9

67.2
71 .0
63.0 63.5
64.7
69.75 69.03
69.'18
1.58 1.58
1.58
69.75 69.02 68.78

72.34 77.55 82.47 87.66 92.76 97.77 102.84 122.43
142.11
67.0
70.3
74.1
86.1
90.2 93.2 95.2

96.
16.79 17.79 18.79 19.79 20.79 21.79 22.79
o?
95.2
90.7 87.4
84.1
81.3 78.7 76.7
75.3 79.4 82.4 84.4 85.2 84.4 82.7 79.9 76.6 73.3 70.5
78.5 82.5 85.6 87.6 88.4 87.6 85.8 83.0 79.7 76.4 73.6
71 .1
74.55 78.99 83.53 88.42 93.24 98.33 109.05 131.23 148.77 159.92 162.49 153.00 118.72
84.81
1.58 1.58 1.59

'1.59
1.59 1.59
1.61
1.62 1.62
1.62 1.62
67,9 65.9
69.1
81.65 78.97 76.55
1.60 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58
0.53 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.54 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.47
0.52 0.54 0.58

0.61
-0.30 -0.32 0.03 0.56 1.05 1.57 2.08 2.58 3.08 5.04
7.01
.63 .63
0.6'1
155.98 162.15
158.51
0.55 0.50 0.49 0.48
138.39 86.48 81.63 78.96 76.54
8.40 9.02 8.65 6.64

1.45
0.48
74.60
0.96 0.70 0.45 0.26
8-11
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-10.
Longitude 116.22 Standard Meridian 105 EOT -6.2 Latitude 43.57 Declination 20.6
lnput Data
deg
deg min deg deg
Excets from this wok may be reproduced by instructors fbr distrrbution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction r trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted by Secions ] 07 or ]08 of he 976 United Sates Cpyright c ,ithout he permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlwfu.
138
Surf zimuth Surf Tilt
346.4
0.1 0.1
1
180 90
86 38
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
CN RHOG
0.2 Output Data
MDST LSr h, " , " 1.00 23.15 167.23 -24.77 2.00 0.15 -177 .77 -25.80 3.00 1.15 -162.77 -23.91 4.00 2.15 -147.77 -19.34 5.00 3.15 -132.77 -12.59 6.00 4.15 -117.77 -4.21 7.00 5.'15 -102.77 5.31
"
o '68
346.83 166.83
*Unit
13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24,00
8.00 6.15 -87 .77 9.00 7.15 -72.77 10.00 8.15 -57 .77 .0 9.15 -42'77 12.00 0.15 -27 .77
1 1
'1
15.60 26.32
37 .17
47 '76
57 .42
12.15 2.23 13.15 17.23 14.15 32.23 15.15 47 .23 16.1 5 62.23 17 .15 77 .23 18.'15 92.23 19.15 107 .23 2015 122.23
21.15 137.23 22.15 152.23
11.15 -12.77
64.68 66.95
62.91 54.71
44.67
33.95
23.10 12.48
2.38
-6.85 -14.79 -20.95
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft'z
254.61 22.70 269.45 58.92 277.79 87.76 281.98 105.54 185.34 5.34 283.00 1 10.30 217 .50 37.50 281.09 101.56 239.78 59.78 275.81 80.22 255.07 75.07 265.88 48.70 266.84 86.84 248.28 11.34 277.01 97.01 215.64 0.00 286.67 106.67 106.26 146.49 0.00 296,51 116.51 116.49 3.97 0.00 307 .11 127.11 126.80 0.00 0.00 318.90 138.90 136.76 0.00 0.00 332.16 152.16 145.67 0.00 0.00
96.42 83.58 108.99 71.01 125.92 54.08 151 .07 28.93
0.00 0.00 17.66 162.34 0.00 31.94 148.06 0.00 44.76 135.24 0.00 56.15 123.85 0.00 66.47 113.53 0.00 76.20 103.80 103.29 173.45 0.00 85.92 94.08 93.66 227.72 0.00 2.32
177
" 152.14 154.11 150.59 143.20 133.87 123.75

,
Gr*
Go*
G*
JR ^
Lz1
^*
0.00 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 113.42 46.47

84.88 77.37 71.58 68.02 67.06 68.82 73.09 79.44 87.38 96.45
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.89
10.77 16.45 20.78
24.56 27.57
29.47
29.99
29.04 26.78
13.24 18.90 23.67 27.24 29.38 29.95 28.90

17
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.07 7.06
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.96 17,83 29.69
62.38
107.15 142.58 164.39 170.24 159.50 94.57
23.50
19.55
15.02
22.36
11,44
26.32'133.31
.29
48.18
26.46 14.28 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00
9.10 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.19 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
lnput Data U-Value Solar absorptivitv hermal emissivih Tis Peak temoerature Dailv Ranqe Vlean Wind Soeec
0.1
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.9 .9 72.0 96.0 30.3

1
F
F
1.0
mph Output Data
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoss only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsltin of his work beyond th permied by Sectins ]07 r 08 ofhe 1976 Unied Sttes Cpyright ctihout the permission ofhe cpyright oner is unwful.
139
Outdoor
Dry-bulb Temp.
(F)
Clock
Time
1.00 2.O0
Solar
Time
Local
Temp.
(F)
skv
Effective
Temp.
(F)
Skv
estimated (Btu/(h(F)
To"'
h"
hrsky
(Btu/(h
-ft'?-F))
(Btu/(h-
hrgr
To.,
calculated
(F)
Qconduction
ft'-F))
1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72
tt'-))
0.46 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47
fromS-24
71.15 69.41
(Btu/(hft2))
23.15 0.15
1.15
73.0 71.2
3.00
69.6
68.'1
4.00
5,00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
10.0 1 1.0
2.15 3.15
62.2 60.4 58.8 57.3

56.'1
65.3
63.5
62.0 60.5
71.15 69.41
67.96
66.51 65.35 64.48
64.1
4.15
5.15 6.15 7.15 8.15 9.15 10.15 11.15 12.15 I 3.15 14.15 1 5.15 16.15 17.15 18.15
'19.15
66.9 66.0 65.7 66.3 67.8

70.5
oa
74.5
79.0 84.2 89. 92.7
95.1
12.00 13.00 14.0 15.00 1 6.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.0 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
96.0
95.1
20.15
21 15
22.15
93.0 89.6 85.7 81.8 78.4 75.4
55.2 54.9 55.5 57.0 59.7 63.7 68.2 73.4 78.2 81.9 84.3 85.2 84.3 82.2 78.8 74.9
71 .0
58.4
58.1
58.7 60.2 62.9 66.9 71.4 76.5 81.4
68.60
74.15
81.31
99.67 116.02
129.01 137.21 '139.67
85.0
87.5 88.4
136.52
127.91
87.5 85.3
82.0
78.1 74.1
67.6 64.6
70.8 67.8
114.37 100.24 93.64 85.63 79.56 76.37 73.47
1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.73 1,74 1.74 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1,74 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.72
1.72 1.72
0.45 0.45 .45 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.54 0.52
0.51
67.96
66.51
65.35
64.48
65.5'1
70.67
75.96
-0.09 -0.26 -0.40 -0.55 -0.67 -0.75 -0.65 -0.13 0.40

1.71
89.08
106.51
3.45
121.05 131.75 137.47 137.47 132.07 121.67 107.09 98.57

91.61
4.90
5.97 6.55 6.55
6.01
4.97
3.51
2.66 1.96
0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46
83.43 79.56 76.37 73.47
114
0.76 0.44 0.15
B-12
This problem is solved in the same manner as Example 8-2. The results (conduction heat fluxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in tabular form as:
Hour
1
Day
Day
0.312
0.463 0.508
2 3
4
5
0.494 0.454
0.410
6
7
B
0.387
0.402
0.473
2 1.126 0.954 0.804 0.673 0.56't 0.475 0.426 0.426 0.487
Day 3
1126
0.954 0.804 0.673
0.561
0.475
0.426
0.426 0.487
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distrrbution n a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adpted. ny ther reproduction or trnsltion f his ork beyond h permied by Secins 07 or 08 fhe 976 Unied Stes Cpyright ct wihou the permission ofthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
140
10
11
0.612
0.820
1.089 1.399
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
0.620 0.825 1.092

1.401
1
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1
1.715
1.998
.716
.716
1.999
2.223
1.999
20
21
2.362 2.405 2.352 2.215

2.016
1.786
1.551
2.223
2.362 2.405
2.353
2.223
2.362 2.405
2.353
2.215 2.016
1.786
1.551
22 23 24
2.215 2.016
1.786
'1.551
1.327
1.327
1.327
Because the wall is ightweight, the results converge rapidly.

8-13
This problem is soved in the Same V/ay aS the previous problem. Note that the additional insulation substantially reduces the conduction heat flux, as expected. The resuts (condution heat fuxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in tabular form as:
Hour
1
Day
0.203 0.329
0.379
0.380 0.356 0.323 0.298 0.296 0.328 0.407 .535
0.711
4
5 6 7
Day 2 0.915 0.778 0.659 0.554
Day 3
0.915 0.778 0.659 0.554
0.464
0.390 0.340 0.322
0.464
0.390
0.340
0.322
I
10
11
0.344
0.417
0.344
0.417
12
0.542 0.715
0.927
.156 1.374 1.559
'1
0.542
0,715
0.927 1 .156 1.374 1.559
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
0.925
1.154 1.373
1.559
1.691
1.757
1.754
1.685
20
21
'1.685 '1.406
1.692 1.758 1.754
1.692 1.758 1.754

1.685
22
1.562 1.406
1.562
1.562 1.406
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141
23 24 1.237
1.070
1.237 1.070
1.237
1.070
8-14
The solution to this problem is similar to that of Problem 8-9, except that to estimate the maximum possible surface temperature, the surface may be assumed to be adiabatic, and U is then zero. Also, the surface-to-ground radiation coefficient is zero, and no correction is necessary for the sky temperature, as the surface is assumed to be horizontal. Assume the wind is windward, h"= 1.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Then, the final converged answer for the surface temperature is:
hr,sky=
1.361
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
fr"=
201.0 F
B-'15
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are "Seated, very light work" have 245 Btulhr (72 W) sensible heat gain, and '155 Btu/hr (45 W) latent heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70% radiative/ 30% convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is72 Wperson x 30 people The radiative portion is 0.7 x 2160 = 1512 he convective portion is 0'3 x2160
=
'
2160 W.
648 W.
The latent heat gain from people is 45 Wperson x 30 peoPe = 1350 W. The sensibe heat gain from lighting is '1 .5 ft2 x 4OOO sq. ft. = 6000 W; 20o/o is assumed to enter the plenum space directly, leaving 4800 W which is assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective. The radiative portion is 0.59 x 4800 = 2832\'t. The convective portion is 0.41 x 4800 = '1968 W.
The sensible heat gain from equipment is 1 fi( x 4OOO sq. ft. = 4O0O W, which is assumed to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this
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142
assumption is based on the assumption that most of the equipment is fancooled. Students are likely to make varying assumptions.) he radiative portion is 0'2x 4000
=
800 W.
The convective porton is 0.8 x 4000 = 3200 W.

The total sensible heat gain is 2160
+
4800
4000 = 10960 W.
The radiative portion is 1512 + 2832
800 = 5144 W. 3200

=
The convective portion is 648 + 1968

The total latent heat gain is 1350 W.
8-16
5816 W.
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are involved in "Sedentary \/ork" is275 Btu/hr (81 W) sensible heat gain, and 275 Btulhr (81 W) latent heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70o/o radiative/ 30% convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is 81 Wperson x 35 people he radiative portion is 0'7 x 2835 = 1984.5 W. The convective portion is 0.3 x 2835 = 850.5 W. The latent heat gain from peope is 81 Wperson x 35 peoPle
=
2835 W.
2835 W.
he sensible heat gain from lighting is '15 \,lm2 x 75O m' = 11250 W; 50% is assumed to enter the plenum Space directly, eaving 5625 W that is assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective. The radiative portion is 0.59 x 5625
=
3319 W.
=
The convective portion is 0.4'l x 5625
2306 W.
The sensible heat gain from office equipment is 7000 W, which is assumed to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this assumption is based on
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143
the assumption that most of the equipment is fan-cooled. Students are likely to make varying assumptions.)
The radiative portion is 0.2x 7000 = 1400 W. The convective portion is 0.8 x 7000 = 5600 W.
The total sensible heat gain is 2835 + 5625 + 7000 = 15460 W.
The radiative portion is 1984.5 The convective portion is 850.5

The total latent heat gain is 2835 W.
8-17
3319 + 1400 2306 + 5600
6703.5 W. 8756.5 W.
Heat gain to the space = 0.8 x 6000 W
4800 W
Problem 8-18
At 4.00 p.m., 70 people are present. Assuming "seated, light offie \Mork", the sensible heat gain per person is245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent heat gain per person is 200 Btu/hr (59 W).
Sensible heat gain
245 Btu/hr/person x 70 people = 17150 Btu/hr.
Latent heat gain = 200 Btu/hr/person x 70 people = '14000 Btu/hr. t 6:00 p.m., no one is present; sensible and latent heat gains are O Btu/hr.
8-19
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144 First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Resuts are shown in the shaded table entries,
beow.
Surface
1
Area (ft')
639.7 639.7
84.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
A-
575.8 575.8 75.6 75.6 1058.4
T(F)
122
orth roof
2 3
4
5
South roof West wall East wall ttic floor
143 102
92
70241.8 82332.6
7711.2
A--T
1983.7 1983.7 2539.4

2539;4,
1'4;47.',4'
l]f
;lF)
,
0',9
0.9 0.9 0.9 0:9
1,10.6
13.9 113,8
114.1
84.0
1176.0
6955.2
100548.0
95
128,4
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the radiative heat flux from each Surface (Q,.u), then determine the radiative heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"r). Then, compute the total radiative heat transfer from all surfaes = -69,769.5 Btu/hr. Divide by the total Surface area, 2623.4 ft2, to get the baancing factor, -26'6 Btu/(hr-ft'1, which must be subtracted from the previously caculated heat flux from each surface to determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface (q,rlbal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"/bal)' Chek to see that they nov Sum to zero.
Su"face
I
Fit
Trus (R)
hri
(Btu/
(hr-ft2))
Qra
Q,uo
qr"6/bal
(Btu/hQ
North roof
0.872 .897 0.897 0.832

0.872
576.0
583.1
11.4
2 3
4
5
South roof West wall East wall ttic floor
11.9
1
567.6 562.7 571.4
11.2 1.0
10.6
129.7 463.7 -132.6 -242.5 -355.3
82950.9 296624.7
-11140.0 -20368.1 -417837.0
(hr-ft')) 156.3
(Bt
Q,u6lbal (Btu/hr)
99964.1
490.3
-'106.0
313637.9
-8906.1 -18134.2
-215.9
-328.7
-386561.8
8-20 First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Results are sho\Mn in the shaded table entries, below.
Surface
1
Area
(m2)
A-
.9 108.7
T(C)
43
--
4672.9
A,
t1
0.:,9,
Ti(e)
38.3
North roof
120.7
'
372:7,
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145
2
2
4
5
South roof West wall East wall

Attic floor
120.7 18.0 18.0 216.0
0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
108.7
16.2 16.2
194.4
50 36 38 32
5433.6
583.2
372.7
475t.:5
0.9 ,0.9
0.;9 .,9
36.0
39;6 39.5 45,3
615.6
6220.8
45.5
277.5
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the radiative heat flux from each Surface (9,"r), then determine the radiative heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"). Then, compute the total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -3027.9 W. Divide by the total surface area, 493.5 m2, to get the balancing factor, -6.1 Wmz, which must be subtracted from the previously calculated heat flux from each surface to determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface (q,u6lbal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each surface (Q,"/bal). Check to see that they no\M Sum to zero.
Surface
1
Fir
Tuus (K)
hrt
(Wm'\
^
Qra
Q,"o
(il4
qru6/ba
(Wm')
34.8 93.4 -15.8 -3.2
-70.1
Q,,/bal
2
J
4 5
North roof South roof West wall East wall Attic floor
0.872
0.897
0.897 0.835
0.872
313.8 316.2 310.9

31 1.9
6.'1
b_J
6.1
28.6 87.2 -22.0

-9.4
6.2
31 1.8
57
-76.2
3459.0 10534.5 -395.4 -168.4 -16457.6
(w) 4199.9 -285.0
11275.4 -58.0 -15132.3
8-21
The solution procedure is identica to that of Problem 8-19, except the emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface properties are shown in the first table.
1
J
4
5
Surface Area (ft') North roof 639.7 South rool 639.7 West wall 84.0 East wall 84.0
Atti floor 1176.0
0.1 0.1
64.0 64.0
75.6 75.6 1058.4
A-
T(F)
122
A--T
7804.6 9148.1 7711.2
At 1983.7
1983:7,
:1
T^,(F)
0.9 0.9 0.9
143 102
92
0.6 .6
2539;4
0'5 t 0,2
.5
6955.2
100548.0
2539.4
14:47.'.4
97.6 96.6 98.6 99.2

11'3.3
he total radiative heat transfer from a|l surfaces = -3476.1 Btu/hr. The balancing factor is -1. 3 Btu/(hr-ft2).
Surface
Fir
*s (R)
hri
(Btu/
9rao
(Btu/hr)
Q,r
Qrr/bal
(Btu/
Q,,a/bal (Btu/hr)
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146
(hr-ft'))
1
(hr-ft'))
North roof
0.098
0.098
2 3
4
5
South rooi West wall ast wall Attic floor
0.874
0.874
0.222
569.5 579.5
1.2
1.3
560'
555.3 563.8
10.5 10.3 2.7
30.3 60.8 35.5

-74.1
19378.4
31.6
62.1
38903.3
2984.3 -6220.9 -58521.2
-49.8
36.9 -72.7 -48.4
20226.0 39751.0 3095.6 -6109.6

-56963.0
Note that the radiative heat fluxes from surfaces 1 and 2, and to surface 5 are significantly lower. (The heat flux incident on surface 5 has been reduced by s5%.) he catch is that "in real life", everything else does not remain the same. ln particular, the temperatures would change significantly.
8-22 The solution procedure is identical to that of Problem 8-20, except the emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface properties are shown in the first table.
Surface
1
Area
(m2)
A-
0.1 0.1 12.1 12.1
r(c)
43 50
A--T
519.2 603.7 583.2
,
372'7'
372,7 .475.5
,475,,5'
',
T(c)
33;6
,,33.9 41.1
North roof
2
J
4 5
South roof West wal East wall Attic floor
120.7 120.7 18.0 18.0
.6
0'6
0,5 0.5
o'.2
33'2
0.9
0.9
0.9
16.2 16.2
Jb
38 32
615.6
6220.8
33,8
216.0
194.4
277,,5
The total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -341.5 W. The balancing factor is -0.7 Wm2.
Surface
1
Fy
Trrs (K) 311.4 314.8

308.1
hrl
/Wm')
^
9ra
Q," (h4
qru6/bal
(Wm')
7.0 12.3
12.8
Q.,a/bal
(w)
North roof
J
4
5
South roof West wall East wall Attic floor
0.098 0.098
0.870 0.870
0.241
309.0 309.7
0.7 0.7 5.8 5.8

1.6
117
12.1
6.3
765.2
1407.1
848.7 1490.7
217.6
443.7 -3175.0
230.0
456.1
24.6
-14.7
25,3
-14.0
-3025.6
8-23
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147
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8. Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the "Sloping - 45 degrees" surface position. more sophisticated approach would involve interpolation. The resuts are summarized below.
Surface
1
Area
(ft2)
(F)
122
North roof
639.7
639.7 84.0 84.0 1 176.
2 3 4 5
South roof West wall East wall Attic floor
143 102
92 95
Surface Position Sloping 45 deqrees Sloping 45 derees Vertical Veftical Horizontal
Direction of
Heat Flow
h" Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(Btu/(hr-ft"))
9""onu""tion
Downward Downward
o.42 0.42 0.56 0.56 0.18
15.54
24.36
9.52 3.92 1.80
Horizontal Horizontal
Downward
8-24
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8. Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the "Sloping - 45 degrees" surface position. A more sophisticated approach \Mould involve interpolation. The results are Summarzed below.
Surface
1
Area
(m2)
r(c)
43 50 36 38 32
orth roof
120.7 120.7 18.0 18.0 216.0
2
J
South roof West wall ast wall Attic floor
4
5
Surface Position Sloping 45 deqrees Sloping 45 deqrees Vertical Vertical Horizontal
Direction of Heat Flow

Downward Downward
(wm2-K)
2.39 2.39
3.18 3.18 1.02
hc
Qt'"onu""1on
r//m')
33.46
50.1 9
Horizontal Horizontal
Downward
22.26
28.62 3.06
B-25
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r_
148 First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as the solution for Problem 7-17. The following tables show results for the west-facing window.
Longitude 101.7 deg deg Standard Meridian 90 -6.2 min Eo Latitude 35.23 deg Declination 20.6 deg 270 deg Surf zimuth deg 90 Surf Tilt A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2 0.186 B 0.138 c cN1 RHOG 0.2
Output Data
lnput Data
cDSr Lsr
o , " G," Go* Ga* Gr* " , , " , " 15.00 13.12 16.75 69.25 229.59 40.41 74.35 283.92 76.59 27.06 30.47
h,
G,*
134.12
The layer absorptances of the double-pane (lD5a) can be found from able 7-3 as:
GDirect,outer: 7f ,774 dg)
Direct,inner
\Mindo\/
v/ith '1l8 in. sheet glass
:'dr(7 4deg)
: O.13 : 0.06
(diffuse,outer:
aciffuse'inne,
.fiyarn_ 0.11
.fz'aixur,
0.07
Then, the solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q"itob,o,b,d,outer,
j,:
Q"itob,o,b,d,n*',,"
0.13(76.5g) + O.11(57.53) : 16.29 tu/(hr_ft^2) :0.06(76.5g) + 0.07(57.53) : 8.62tl(hr-ft2) i,
8-26
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149
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as the solution for Problem 7-17 ' he following tables show results for the west-facing window.
Longitude 108.53 deg deg Standard Meridian 105 -6.2 min EOT 45.8 deg Latitude Declination 20.6 deg 270 deg Surf zimuth deg 90 Surf ilt 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2 A 0.186 B 0.138 c cN1 0.2 RHOG
Output Data
lnput Data
MDST LSr h, " ,' , o , o Grvo* G" Gd* G* ,' 15.00 13.66 24.92 57.57 227.35 42.65 66.77 277.89 109.60 29.57 27.29 The layer absorptances of the double-pane (lD5a) can be found from Table 7-3 as:
&Direct,outer:
Gt*
166.46
\/indo\M \/ith
1/8 in. sheet glass
.ir(67 deg) : 0.L27
aDirect,inner: 7t1167 deg)
: 0.073
ddffise'outer:
c]iffuse,inner:
-f,a1urr: 0.11 .lz,ar, : 0.07
hen, the Solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q"
it ob,o,bnd,outer'
Q"t ob,o,bud,inner,
j, : 0.27 (|0g.6) + 0. 1 1 (56.s6) j, : 0.073(109.6) + 0.07(56.86)
: :
20.1 7
Btu/(hr-ft2) 1 1.98 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-27
RsULTs BY ts D UsG T}*| VCXpLORR pRBR AR l-{lcl-lR -.| R$UL$ Y f; RS ETl*iD

Usl G l-t spRD$*| H. 8-28
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150
The RTS method is used to obtain the cooling load results for this problem. The following table shows total cooling loads and cooling loads due to window heaigains for both low-e and regular double-pane windo\/S' l cooling loads due to other heat gains are the same as those shown in Example 8-16.
(from ExamPle 8-16) Window Window Total
Low-E Windows
Regular Windows
Windw Conduction
(Btu,&r)
Hour
Window
Condution (Btu,hr)
1
SG
364
(Btu,&r)
(Btu/hr)
SG
420
345
(Btu,4lr)
(BtuAr) 4516
3921
Total
186
2
2
146
110 79 58 52
61
299 246
4418 3843
3352
228 179
135 97 72 63 75
284
234
193 159
4
5
203
167
2940
2623
3414 2989
2662
2452
6
7 8 9
tJo 254
465
2419 2465
2737
8'190
293
537
92
145
710
978
1247
10
11
215
300
389
9562
1
toc
JOO
112 178
2518 2829
8333
9761 11141
820 1129
1437 1720
1
12
1492
1694 1 833 1897
188'1
13 14 15 16
17 1B
469
533 577 593
0883 12143 13275
14250
1 1
477 574 654

707 726 717
12458
I
951
3637
2111
585
553 503
1787
1624
139'1
1
5007 5486 15701 1 0635
2185
2167 2060
1
14648 15425
1
19
20
21
444 386
327
089 839
22 23 24
674
546
9550 8460 7477 6588

5777 5057
677 616 544 472

401 336
873
'1604
1256
968 777
5905 16105 11008 9877 8727
7692
6765 5922 5176
274 228
629
513
445
279
As shown in the above table, usng the regular \indo\ Would resut in slighily higher cooling loads than using the low-e window. The following 'hcrease in cooling loads due to changing the type of figure illustrates the
w]ndow from the low-e window to the reguar window.
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by Sections
151
Cooling Load Comparison

18000
'15000
d
o
cr)
12000 9000 6000 3000 0
o o )
't0 '13
Tirne, Hour
'16
8-29
Soluton to be provided by an instructor. 8-30 First, the solar irradiation must be determined and is the same as that shown for Problem 8-10. hen, the hourly dry bulb temperature is calculated using quation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar time has been used to determine the temperature. Finally, the sol-air temperature is calculated using quation 8-63 with the therma radiation correction term being zero for a vertical surface.
Local lnsolation Outdoor Solar (Btu/h- Drybutb Clock Time Time ft2) emp (F) 1.00 23.79 0.00 75.2 2.00 0.79 0.00 73.9 3.00 1.79 0.00 72.6 4.00 2.79 0.00 71.6 5.00 3.79 0.00 70.9 6.00 4.79 0.00 70.6
Sol-air Temp
(F)
75.2 73.9 72.6 71.6 70.9 70.6
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152
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
1
5.79
9.93
71.1
73.1
6.79
7.79 8.79 9.79 10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79 14.79 15.79 16.79 17.79 18.79 19.79
23.08
32.24 39.29 44.53 47.91 52.42
111 .11
72.4 74.7 78.0

8'1.8
86.'1
77.0
81 .1
1.00
12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00

'17.00 '18.00
178.01
230.32 259.13
252.42
184.97
6.'10
19.00 20.00
90.2 93.2 95.2 96.0 95.2 93.5 90.7 87.4

84.1
85.8 90.7 95.7 100.6 115.4 130.8

142.1 147.1
143.9 127.7 88.6

84.1
21.00 22.00 23.00

24.00
20.79 21.79 22.79
0.00 0.00 0.0 0.00
81.3 78.7 76.7
81.3 78.7 76.7
8-31
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-30. Note that the solar irradiation is the same as that shown for Problem 8-1 1.
Clock
Time
1.00 2.00 3.00
Local Time
0.1 5
Solar
23.15 1.15
(Btu/h-ft2) Temp
nsolation
Outdoor
Drybulb
(F)
4.00
5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
14.00
2.15
3.15
4.15
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.1 5
15.00 '!6.00 17.00 18.00 19.0
9.15 10.15 11.15 12.15 1 3.15 14.15

15.'1 5
16.15 17.15 19.15
20.00 21.00
22.00
'18.15
20.15
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.96 17.83 29.69 62.38 107.15 142.58 164.39 170.24 159.50 133.31 94.57 48.18 26.46 14.28 0.32 0.00
Sol-air Temp (F)

73.0 71.2
73.0 71.2
69.6
68.1
69.6
68.1
66.9
66.0 65.7 66.3 67.8 70.5 74.5 79.0 84.2 89.0 92.7
95.1
66.9 66.0 66.3 69.0 72.3 79.9 90.6 100.4 108.8 114.6 1 16.6
115.1
96.0
95.1
93.0 89.6 85.7 81.8
110.2 102.3 96.9 91.8 85.7 81.8
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153
23.00
24.00
21.15 22.15
0.00 0.00
78.4 75.4
78.4 75.4
8-32 This problem uses the simiar Solution procedure as Problem 8-3O. First, the solar irradiation is determined for the flat roof using the procedure described in Chapter 7. The resuts are shown below.
nput Data
Longitude Standard Meridian
EOT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth Surf ilt
Apar
Bpar
106.62 105 -6.2 35.05 20.6 0 0

346.4
1
deg deg min deg deg deg deg
Btu/hr-ft2
Cpar CN RHOG
86 0.1 38
0.1
0.2
Output Data
o MDST Lsr h, o ,. , " , 1.00 23.79 176.83 -34.27 356.41 356.41 2.00 0.79 -168.17 -33.23 13.26 13.26 3.00 1 .79 -153.17 -28.80 28.82 28.82 4.00 2.79 -138.17 -21.65 42.20 42.20 5.00 3.79 -123.17 -12.54 53.39 53.39
4.79 -108.17 -2.11 5.79 -93.17 9.'19 6.79 -78.17 21.05 7.79 -63.17 33.22 10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49 1.00 9.79 -33.17 57 51
1
Gruo* Go* G* G*
Gt*
6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
12.00 10.79 -18.17 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00

21
11.79 -3.17 14.00 12.79 11.83

'13.00
22.00 20.79 131.83 23.00 21.79 146.83
.00 19.79 16.B3

1
26.83 41.83 56.83 71.83 17 .79 86.83 18.79 101 .83

13.79 14.79 15.79 16.79
68.46 75.28 72.19 62.36

50.63
38.41
127.34 168.24 218.87 245.60 259.78 269.56

277
79.02 79.02 68.95 206.38 74.12 86.89 86.89 56.78 246.69 135.17 95.77 95.77 44.51 266.87 190.31 107.55 107 .55 32.49 277 .85 234.37
21.54 283.62 263.81 14.72 285.80 276.42 17.81 284.93 271.28 27.64 280.80 248.75 39.37 272.32 210'52 51.59 256.78 159.55 277 '71 63.83 227 .20 10.20 285.45 75.85 '161.85 39.s6 293.49 87.42 5.53 0.25 302.43 98.27 0.00 0.00 312.83 108.00 0.00 0.00 325.24 116.06 0.00 0.00
127.34 168.24 218.87 245.60 259.78 269.56
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62'87 62'87 92'11 0.00 71 .22 71.22 80.81 108.07
124.27 123.23 1 18.80 111.65 102.54
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17 .26
26.17 14.15
2.58
-8.27 -'18.00
-26.06
285.45 293.49 302.43 312.83 325.24
'71
14.91 28.48 34.04 36.83 38.34 39.14 39.44 39.32 38.75 37.58 35.44
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22.33
31
.35
0.76 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 32.17 0.00 102.60 0.00 169.21 0.00 227.14 0.00 272.71 0.00 302.95 0.00 315.86 0.00 310.60 0.00 287.50 0.0 248'10 0.00 194.98 0.00 131 .56 0.00 61.90 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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154
*Unit of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
24.00 22.79 161.83 -31.74 339.93 339.93 121.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Then, the sol-air temperature is determined using Equation 8-63 with the thermal radiation corretion term being 7 "F for a horizontal surface.
Clock Time
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.0 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.0 14.00 15.0 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
Local Solar Time 23.79 0.79 1.79 2.79 3.79 4.79 5.79 6.79 7.79 8.79 9.79 10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79 14.79 15.79 16.79 17.79 18.79 19,79 20.79 21.79 22.79
lnsolation
(Btu/htt2) 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.17 102.60
169.21
227.14
272.71
302.95 315.86 310.6 287.50 248.10

194.98 131.56
61.90
1
.01
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Outdoor Drybulb emp (F) 75.2 73.9 72.6 71.6 70.9 70.6 71 .1 72.4 74.7 78.0 81.8 86.1 90.2 93.2 95.2 96.0 95.2 93.5 90.7 87.4 84.1 81.3 78.7 76.7
Sol-air Temp
(F)
68.2
66.9 65.6
64.6
63.9 63.6
70.5 85.9 101.5 116.4 129.3 139.7 146.3 148.3 145.7 138.6 127.2 112.8 96.0 80.6
77.1
74.3 71.7 69.7
8-33
For hour 15, Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction
= .0052 x (151 '2-74) + .001 44 x (138'1-74)
.00645 x (120.3-74)...
2.897 Btu/(hr-ft2)
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155 8-34
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour.
Hour
1
q" (Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
13
q" (Btu/(hrft2))
1.835
0.828 0.798
1.824
1.772 1.693 1.595 1.486
1.372
14
15
J
4 5
0.791
0.810
0.861
16 17
'18
6
7
0.948
1
19
.071
1.259 1.149
1.047 0.956 0.882
20
21
1.225 1.396 1.563
10
11
22 23 24
1.704
1.797
12
8-35
For hour 12, qation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction
= 0.0061 92
x (143.9-72) + 0.044510 x 0.047321 x (1 21 .4-72)...

7
(1
34.3-72)
.028 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-36 Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat fux for each hour.
q" (Btu/(hrft2)) q" (Btu/(hr-
our
1
Hour
13 14 15 16
ft2))
0.674 0.401
0.1
1.050
1.544
3 4
99
2.012 2.409
0.051
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156
5
-0.058 -0.138 -0.197

-0.232
17 18 19
2.694
2.841
6
7
2.834
2.671 2.361
1.936 1.466
1.031
8
9 10
11
20
21
-0.209 -0.075
22
0.194
0.583
23
24
12
8-37
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour with so-air temperatures calculated in Problem 8-31.
q" (Btu/(hrft2)) q" (Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
1
Hour
13
14
3.492
3.147
-0.055
0.1
2 3 4 5
65
2.758 2.348
1.937 1.536
15 16
0.563
1.112
1.754 2.417 3.026 3.510 3.823 3.958
3.931
17
18 19
6 7
1.154
0.796 0.472
0.1
I
9
20
21
10
11
99
22 23
0.00 -0.098
12
24
3.765
8-38
Using the simplified approach, the solution procedure is the same as that of Probem 7-27. First, we need to know ange of incidence and Solar irradiation. ssuming a west-facing window, the incidence angle and solar rradiation for Albuquerque, NM on a c|ear July 21 day at 3:OO pm solar time are (see solution in Problem 8-10 for reference)
Angle of lncidence = 65.0 deg., Direct Solar lrradiation. G = 1 18.6 Btu/hr-ft2,

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studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted. nyotherreprdicionrrnstion1hsorkbeyoidihpermied by Secions ]07 or 108 of he 976 United Ses Cowrigh c withu thb permissn of the copyrigh oner ii unlful.
157
Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga a G = 30.6 + 28.9 = 59'4 Btu/hr-ft2 Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 27 .2 and 4.8 ftz, respectively.
ft2
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b are SHGG9(65") = 0.515 and SHGGs = 0.60. From able 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F. From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.48 Btu/hr-ft2-"F. From able 7-1, solar absorptance of the vinyl frame painted white is 0.26.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,r'" = frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as: SHGG1= 0.26*(0.4814.0)
= 0.031.
Asu),
the SHGC for the
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq. 7 -32 as
Qsc = (0.51 5*27 '2 + 0.031-4.8)-'1 '18.6 + (0.60-27 '2 + 0.031*4.8)*59.4 = 2657 '2
Btlhr'
B-39
This problem uses the same solution procedure as the previous problem. Assuming a south-facing window, the incidence angle and solar irradiation for Boise, ]D on a clear Jly 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are (see solution in Problem 8-1 '1 for reference) Angle of lncidence' = 68.8 deg., Direct Solar lrradiation: G = 101.6 Btu/hr-ft2, Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga + G = 29'0 + 28.9 = 57 '9 Btu/hr-ft2, and
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'158
The area of the glazing and of the frame is the same as that calculated in Problem 8-38. From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 29a are SHGG,(68.8") = 0'408 and SHGGs= 0.57. From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, triple glazed window having aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.44 Btu/hr-ft2-"F. The outside surface conductance and solar absorptance of the frame are assumed to be the same as those in Problem 8-38.
Assuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" = frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-3'1 as: SHGGr = 0.26*(0 .4414.0)
= 0.029.
Asu),
the SHGC for the
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq. 7-32 as.
Qsuc = '408-27 '2 + 0.029-4.8)*101.6 + (0.57*27.2 + 0.029*4.8)-57.9 = 2047.4 Btu/hr.
8-40
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 833 by the surface area, 8OO ft2. Then, from Table 8-20, select the radiative/convective split to be 63%137o/o Apply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
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'159
Conduction Heat Gain
(Btu/h0 5462.3
Hour
1
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative Cooling Load

2903.7 2813.1
Cooling Load 4924.7

4625.9 4306.7 3987.7
2021.0
1812.8 1603.8 1404.7 1221 2 1056.0 910.4
3441.2
2 3 4
5
4899.6
4334.5 3796.4 3300.5 2854.1 2460.6
386.7
2730.7 2391.7 2079.3
1798.1
2702.9
2583.0 2460.2
b
7 8 9
2123.8
1854.2 1673.6 1598.0 1629.0 1759.4 1983.0
785.8
686.1 619.2 591.3 602.7
10
11
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
2318.0
2803.7 3450.5 4215.9 5016.0 5741.3
651.0 733.7 857.6

1037.4 1276.7 1559.9 1855.9
1550.2 1338.0 1168.2 1054.4 1006.7 1026.3 1 108.4 1249.3 1460.3 1766.3
2339.0 2222.4
2113.0 2014.0
'1930.6
3681.4 3395.0
3132.9
2898.9
2700.1 2549.9
1868.0 1829.3
'1815.8
2459.2
2432.1 2466.8 2561.5
2173.8 2656.0
3160.1
1827.8 1868.9 1947.4 2068.9
2726.6 2984.8 3345.5

3790.2
2230.3
2419.2 2614.7 2789.4 2913.3 2969.4 2961.2
4275.2
4739.0
20
21
2124.3
23'18.6
3617.0
3947.9 4078.5 3997.4
376'1.9
22
ZC
6266.5 6473.8
6345.1 5971.2
24
2395.3 2347.7 2209.4
5108.0 5308.6
5317.1
5170.6
Cooling Loads and Heat Gains

700.0 600.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0 2000.0
1
6)
000.0
0.0
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16
8-41
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 835 by the surface area, 1OOO ft2. Then, from able 8-20, select the radiative/convective split to be 84ol16o/o' Apply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply quation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
4864.4
Hour
1
Conduction eat Gain

(Btuihr)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Cooling Load
5220.7
2227.2
1338.2
356.4
214.1 100.4 9.2 -63.6 119.4 -149.7 -97.7 81.2 370.2 730.7 1124.5 1512.8 1857.6
1870.8
1124.1
2
J
627.7
57.3 -397.4 -746.0 -935.8 -610.8 507.2
4
5 6
7
o 9
527.3 48.2 -333.8 -626.7 -786.0 -513.1

426.1
4530.5 4222.8
3938.6 3676.2 3436.0 3228.9 3120.5 3179.7
3417.1
4744.6
4323.2 3947.7 3612.7 3316.7 3079.2
3022.8
3260.8 3787.2
10
11
2313.5
4567.1
12 13 14 15 16 17
'18
7028.4 9455.0
1169.7 13293.3 1 4350.1 14672.7 14222.5 1318.3 11142.9 8809.6 6593.1
19
2126.9 2296.0 2347.6 2275.6 2082.9

1782.9
1
1943.3 3836.3 5903.8 7942.2 9752.2 I 1 166.3

12054.1 12325.1
I
3808.3
4316.0 4893.4
5486.8 6042.8
651 1.5
4539.0 5440.6
6406.2
7344.4
8169.7 8807.6 9197.1 9300.4 9101.0 8607.3 7877.0 7097.7
20
21
409.5
1946.9 1935.4 9360.0 7400.1
6849.5 7024.8
7018.0 6824.5
6467.5
6042.8 5622.2 5228.0
22
154.9
s538.2
4017.6
z3
24
4782.8
3353.'1
765.3
536.5
6387.5
5764.5
2816.6
or instructional puoses only to Excts frm this work may be reprdued by instructors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing permitted or trnsCion of thS work beyond ht students eno]led in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprducion fthe 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh ctwihout he permission fhe cpyright oner is unlwful.
s;"i'n'
]07 r ]08
161
cooling Loads and eat Gains
1
6000.0 4000.0 2000.0
fl
'10000.0
(,
(! !
(!
8000.0
--r-- Conduction Heat Gain

(Btu/h0
6000.0
-*x* Cooling Load
911131517192123
8-42
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fuxes from Problem 836 by the surface area, 1200 ft2 ' Ther , from able 8-2o, seect the radiative/convective Split to be 84oe% pply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
Conduction Hour
1
Heat Gain (Btl/hr) 809.2 481.0
Convective
HG
Radiative G
679.7
404.1

1
Cooling Load
1332.4 1182.3 1056.5
951.1
129.5
2
3
77.0
38.2 9.8
11 .1
238.5
61.2 -69.3
4
5
200.4 51.4
-58.2
6
7 o
-166.0
-237.0 -278.7 -250.9 -90.4
I
10
11
233.3
700.2
12
-26.6 -37.9 -44.6 -40.2 -14.5 37.3 112.0
-139.5 -199.0
-234.1
-210.8 -75.9 196,0 588.2
1203.0 105.3 1018.3 941.3 872.8 811.4 756.2 707.9 674.0 667.9
861.7 784.9 718.3
663.3 633.8 653.4

737.1
699.7
771.3
883.3
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162
13
14
15
16 17
1260.3 1852.6 2414.9
201.6
296.4
386.4
462.5 517.3
1058.6 1556.2 2028.5
877.1
2890.5 3233.3
3409.7 3401.3
2428.0 2716.0
2864.2 2857.1 2692.2 2380.2
1951 .6
18 19
545.6
544.2 512.8 453.4 371.7
20
21
22 23 24
3205.0 2833.6 2323.3

1759.4 1237.6
281.5
198.0
1477.9 1039.6
1007.4 1149.7 1290.4 1416.6 1516.5 1580.7 1602.7 1579.7 1513.7 1417.5 1309.3
1078.8 1303.8
1
536.1
1752.9 1933.9
2062.0 2124.9
2115.5
2033.0
1885.5 1699.0 1507.3
Gooling Loads and Heat Gains

4000.0
3500.0 3000.0
t
2500.0 2000.0 1500.0

'1000.0 _--_ Condution Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
*__*
Cooling Load
c
l1
500.0 0.0 -500.0
8-43
First, the hourly Soar heat gains are determined using the same solution procedure Sho1/n in Problem 8-38. The results are Sho\/n below. Note that the Sola irradiation on the window is the Same aS that shown in Problem 8-10. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00 p.m. is slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-38 due to rounding errors.
lnput Data
Glass Area Frame rea
27.2 4.8
ft',
ft2
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163
Diffuse SHGC Angular SHGC - 0' Angular SHGC - 40' Angular SHGC - 50' Angular SHGC - 60" Angular SHGC - 70" ngular SHGc - 80" Frame sGc
0.6 0.7 0.67 0.64 0.58 0.45 0.23
0.03'1
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00 3.00
4.00
5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14,00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.0 19.00
20.00 21.00 22.00

23.00 24.00
lnc. ngle, ' 87.03 101 .06 114.99 128.63 141.58 152.80 159.17 156.37 146.65 134.23 120.81 106.97 92.97 78.94 65.01 51.37 38.42 27.20 20.83 23.63 33.35 45.77 59.19 73.03
Dir
Btu/hr-ft2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.68 18.63 170.01 201.20 202.07 151.27 5.07 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00
1
lrradiation,
Output Data Diff
Btu/hr-ft2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.93 23.08 32.24 39.29 44.53 47 .91 52.42 56.44 59.38 60.32 57.93 50.35 33.70 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
lrradiation,
Solar Heat Gain,

Btu/hr 0.00 0.00 0.00
0'00 0.00
0.00
163.51
380.04 530.96
647.01
733.28 788.98 863.28

1314.44 2657 .05
3940.06
4657.12 4594.55
3393.40
111.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ln the original RS methodology, two types of radiant time fators v/ere utilized to convert So|ar heat gains into cooling oads. The Solar.-RTS was used to convert the beam transmitted solar gain whie the Nonsoar-RS V/aS used to convert all other Solar gains' However, to simpify the calculations, only one RTS (Nonsolar-RTs) is used in this edition. Since the calculated Solar heat gains include both transmitle ad absorbed Solar gains, the recommended radiative and convectivsplits shown in Table 820 would not be applicable. For this problem, it is assumed that the radiative fraction of the combined solar heat gain is about 0.9. Therefore,
Exets from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for tSting or instructional purposes only t
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthe textbookhasbeenadopted. nytherreproductionrtrnsltionfhisrkbeyondhpermied by Sectins 107 or ]0B ofthe 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh cwhu he permissin ofhe cpyright oner is unlfu.
164 the radiative/convective split is 90%110%. Then, apply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains and apply Equation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. nd, finally, sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
Heat Gain
Solar
Hour
1
(Btu/hr)
Convective HG
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
16.4
Radiative
HG

141 0 91.6 59.8 39.2 25.9
17.2
Cooling Load
141.0
2
3
4
5
I
9 10
11
12
13 14
15
16 17
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 163.5 380.0 531.0 647.0 733.3 789.0 863.3 1314.4 2657.1 3940.1
4657.1
38.0
53.1
0.0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 147.2 342.0
91.6 59.8 39.2 25.9

17,2
477.9
582.3
87.6 215.2 339.6
64.7 73.3 78.9 86.3 131.4
450.5
543.8
103.9 253.2 392.7 515.2

617.1
660.0
710.1
265.7 394.0
465.7
777.0 1 183.0 2391.3 3546.1 4191.4

4135.1
615.8 687.3
932.5 1661.8
694.7 773.6 1064.0 1927.5
2566.6
3304.7 3630.8 3261.0 1624.6
912.1
2960.6
3770.4
18 19
4594.6 3393.4
111.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
459.5
339.3
11.2
4090.3
3600.4 1635.8
912.1
20
21
22 23 24
0.0 0. 0.0 0.0
3054.1 100.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0
549.4 343.2 218.7
549.4 343.2 218.7
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses ony to permied students enrolled in courses }or whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducin or rnsion of his rk beyond th by Secions 1 07 or ] 08 of the 1 97 6 Uniecl Ses Copyrgh c |uithu the permissin f he copyright owner is unful.
-165

5000.0
4500.0 4000.0
(!
I
3500.0 3000.0
2500.0
J.
_*x-
Soiar Heat Gain (Btu/hr)

Cooling Load
2000.0
1500.0
1
(!
000.0 500.0
0.0
B-44
This problem uses the same solution procedures as Problem 8-43. Note that the solar irradiation on the window is the same as that shown in Problem 8-11. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00 p.m. is slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-39 due to rounding errors. Th radiative/convective split of 90%l10% is also used for this problem.
Area Frame Area Diffuse SHGC Angular SGc - 0" Angular SHGC - 40' ngular SHGO - 50' Angular SHGC - 60' Angular SHGC - 70' Angular SHGC - 80" Frame SHGC
Glass Clock
Time
1.00 2.00 3.00
lnPut Data
27.2 4.8
0.57 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.54 0.39 0.18 0.029
ft'
ft2
Angle,'
152.14
154.11 '150.59
lnc.
Dir lrrad,
ft2 0.00 0.00 0.00
Btu/hr-
OutPut Data
Diff lrrad, Btu/hrf1'
Solar Heat Gain,

Btu/hr
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
or instructional puoses only to EetS from this work may be reprdued by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproiucon or trnslin f his ork beyond th Permied students enrolled in courses fbr which is unlful. by Sectins 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 (]nied Sttes Copyright ct wihou the permission f the copyrigh oner
166
4.00
5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
1
143.20 133.87 123.75 113.42 103.29 93.66
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
84.88
77.37 71.58
22.70
58.92 87.76 105.54 1 10.30 101.56 80.22 48.70 11.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 3.96 17.83 29.69 39.68 48.23

54.81
0.00 .00 .00

6'1.91
278.89 464.39 680.73

1139.73 1721.36 2140.21
12.00
'13.00
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
68.02 67.06 68.82

73.09 79.44 87.38 96.45 106.26 116.49 126.80 136.76 145.67
58.85 59.94 57.95

53.1 0
2255,35
2046.81 1551.04
978.1 5
45.86
36.84 26.46 14.28 0.32 0.0 0.00 0.0
592.46 413.94
21.00
22.00 23.00 24.00
223.45 4.97
0.00 0.00 0.00
our
1
Heat Gain (Btl/hr\ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Solar
Convective
HG
Radiative

356.3 341.8 328.6 316.4 305.0
294.1
Cooling Load
356.3 341.8 328.6 316.4 305.0
294.1 303.1
2 3
4 5
o
7
I I
61.9 278.9
464.4
. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2
27.9
46.4 68.1
10
11
680.7
1139.7 1721.4 2140.2 2255.4 2046.8 1551.0
978.1
114.0
172.1
12
13
14
15
214.0 225.5
204.7
1
to 17 18 19
55.1 59.2
97.8 41.4 22.3 0.5 0.0 0.0
592.5
413.9
223.4 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.7 251.0 418.0 612.7 1025.8 1549.2 1926.2 2029.8 1842 1 1395.9 880.3 533.2 372.6
201.1
297.0 338.9 391.2 457.1 583.2 763.0 935.3 1046.5 1067.8

991 0
366.8
437.6
525.2 697.2
935.1
1149.3 1272.0 1272 4

1146.1
853.6 723.9
951.4
783.1
633.6
551.8 465.4
675.0
574.1
20
21
22 23 24
----
..--o.0
4.5 0.0 0.0
465.9
421.3 393.5 373.0
421.3
393.5 373.0
Excets from this wrk may be reprodued by instructors or distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adoted' ny oher reprducion or rnslon of his ork beyond th permed by Secions ]07 or ]08 ofhe 976 Unied Sttes Cpyrigh clithout lhe permissin ofhe copyright oner is uncrful'
167

2500.0
2000.0
500.0
E
(E
--l_Solar
eat Gain (Btu/hr) ,--x- Cooling Load

1
000.0
500.0
0.0
8-45
Hour
I
Heat Gain (w) 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 20.0 200.0 200.0 2000.0 2000.0
2000.0
lnternal
Convective
HG
Radiative HG
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0
'10.

125.3
Cooling Load
(V
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0
225.3
216.6 211.0
116.6
111.O
107.3 105.0
103.4
207.3 205.0
203.4 202.4 1566.7 1753.8
1
102.4 566.7 753.8

85'1.1
851 .1
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
2000. 2000.0 200.0 2000.0

2000.0
10.
1000.0 1000.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0
2000.0
2000.0
200.
200.0
1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0
906.9 940.8
962.1
1906.9 1940.8
1962.1
975.6 984.3 990.0 993.6 996.0 532.6
1975.6 1984.3 1990.0 1993.6 1996.0
632.6
EXcetS from this wrk may be reprduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instructional puses only to students enolled in ourses for which th tetbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted bySectins 07 or 08of he ]976UniedSttesCpyrightctwithutthepermissinf thecpyrighownerisunlcrful.
'168
20
21
22 23 24
200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0
100.0 100.0 100. 100.0 100.0
100.0 100. 10. 100.0 100.0
346.2 249.2 193.6

159.9
446.2 349.2
293.6 259.9
238.7
138.7

2500.0
'6
2000.0
1500.0
()
(!
+*x-
lnternal
l-1eat
Gain (W)
(\/)
Cooling Load
o
(
8-46
lnternal Heat Gain
Hour
1
rw)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG

405.'1
Cooling Load (w)

505.1
200.0
2
3
200. 20.
200.0
4
5
200.0
200.0
I
o
10
11
12
'13
14
200.0 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0
100.0 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100. 1000.0
10.0
'100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0 1000.0 100. 1000.0 1000.0
392.9 381.7 371.2 361.3

352.1
492.9 481.7
471.2
461.3 452.1 443.3
15'18.9
343.3 518.9 562.8 59.6 612.3 630.8

647.1
1562.8 1590.6 1612.3

1
630.8
1647.1
661.9
1661.9
xets from this work may be reproduced by instuctors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enroled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reprductn or rnsl(tion of his work beyond tht permied by Sectins 07 or ] 08 of the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyrgh c'ihou he permissionbf the cpyrigh wner is unlful.
'169
15 16 17 18 19
2000' 2000.0
2000.0
20
21
22 23 24
2000.0 200.0 200.0 20. 200.0 200.0 200.0
100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0 100. 10. 100.0 100.0 100.
675.5
688.2 700.0
711 .1
1675.5
'1688.2
1700.0
1711 .1
537.6 495.7
637.6
595.7 569.9 549.9 533.2 518.4
469.9
449.9 433.2 418.4
Gooling Loads and Heat Gains

2500.0
200.0
1500.0
----
lnternal Fleat Gain (W1 ooling Load (W)
1000.0
*-s*
500.0
;
0.0
:.
.::l
L-.*
&-x** *
cerpts tiom this ork may be reprodued by instructrs for distributin on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to students enroled in ouses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnson of this work beyond h permied by Secins ]07 or ]08 fhe 976 Lnited SteS Cpyright c ihou he permiSSin fhe copyrigh oner is unlwful'
170
8-47 Gomparison of LW and

M/ 1
Zone Responses
o (!
o
:=
2000.0
, 1500.0
o
a'
o
o
_--.*
,
(,
--r-- lnternal Heat Gain ) MW1 Zone Clg. Ld v)
1000.0
-_.*- W Zone Clg. Ld. (W)
'6
-t)
(,
50.
--'. l)* ':'* ^__x

11
'13
*. \
\
5**+-
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
As shown in the figure, there is a signifrcant difference in the response of

the two Zones, with the W zone having substantiatly more damping and time delay.
Excets f?om this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr whih th textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproclucin or rnsionbf hs work beyod ih permied by Sections ]07 r ]08 ofhe }976 United Stes Cpyright ctwithut the permissin fhe cpyrigh wner i unlful'
171
8-48
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to Probem 8-15. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous. The total convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the folowing table. he atent cooing oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the last column.
Total Total Latent from
Name:
Radiative
Fraction:
99p]9_ Lihtino
0.7 0.59
Euipment
0.2
otal
Radiative
Convective
People
llor
1
eat Gain
(\/)
eat Gain /w)

0 0 0
Heat Gain (w) 4000 4000 400 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 400 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 40 4000 4000
Gain (W)
4000 4000 4000 400 4000 4000 4000
0960 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 960 1 0960 1 0960 8800
1 1
Heat
Gain (W)
800 800 800 800 800
Heat
Heat Gain
r
320C)
Heat Gain (w)

0 0 0 0 0 0
n
0
U
2 3
0 0 0
4
5
6
7
0 0 0
0
I
10
11
2160 2160
2160 2160 2160 2160
12 13 14 15
16
2160
2160 2160 2160
0 0
U
4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800

48CI0
17 18 19
4800 4800 4800

0 n 0 0
800 800 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144
3632 800 80 800 800 800 800
320 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200

581 6 581 6 581 6
1
5816
581 6 581 6 581 6
350 350 1 350 1 350 1 350

1
1
350
5816
581 6
58l 6
5168 3200
35 350 1 350 1 350

1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20
21
0 0
22 23 24
0 0
4000 400 400 400 4000 4000
320 3200 3200 3200 320
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 821, as shown in the next table.
cets liom this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br dlsribltlon n a notbr-pofit basis for testing or instructiona] purposes ony to it- lrses fr hich the tebook has ben adptd. l;l er reprdction or trnslcio cf his 'ork beyond h erfrited by Sectils ] 07 r 08 f he 97 6 Unied SteS Copyrigh c ihou le ernission f the cpyrigh '!'ner iS unl.ful'
suderrts en:-olled
172
Hour
1
Heat Gain (w) 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0 400.0 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0
10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 1096.0 10960.0
'10960.0
lnternal
Convective G
320.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0
58 1 6.0
Radiative
HG

2218.4
Cooling Load (w)

5418.4 5362.5
2
3
4
5
6
7 8 9 10
11
12
'13
14
15 16 17 18
'19
10960.0
20
21
22 23 24
880'0 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0
5816.0 5168.0 3200.0 320.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0
800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0
2162.5
2110.6 2062.1 2016.7 1973.8 1933.3 2782.4
2996.'1
5310.6
5262.1 5216.7 5173.8
5133.3
8598.4
8812.1
3131.2 3237.5
8947.2
9053.5
9144.0 9224.1 9296.7
3328.
3408.1 3480.7 3547.6 3609.6
JOO /. /
9363.6
9425.6 9483.7 8581.3 5999.1 5825.5
3632.0
800.0 80.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0
3413.3 2799.1
2625.5 2512.4 2422.9

2346.8
5712.4
5622.9
5546.8
5479.4
2279.4

1200.0 10000.0
'6
8000.0 6000.0 4000.0 2000.0

0.0
o
,
instructional purposs only to xets fiom this wok may be reproduced by instructofs for distrlbution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or ht permited enrolled in ouses fo which th textbok has been adopted' ny other reprducion or trnsion of this rk beyond students ]976 Jnited Sttel Cpyrigh ct\'ithout the permissin ofhe cpyrigh owner is unlfu. by Secions 07 or 08 fthe
173 8-49
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to Problem 8-'16. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous; the lighting heat gain is assumed to occur from 8 a.m.-6 p.m. The total convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the following table. The latent cooling oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the last column.
otal
Name:
People
0.7
Liohtin .59
Eioment
0.2
Total
Radiative
Total Convective
Pete
Latent from
Radiative
Fraction:
Hour
1
Heat Gain (w)

0 0 0 0
U
Heat Gain (w)

0
2
3
0 0
0
4
5
6
7
0 0
0 0
9 't0
11
2835 2835 2835
2835
2835 2835 2835 2835 2835
12 13
14
15
'16
17 18 19
2835
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625
0 0
0
Heat Gain rw) 700 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 700
7000
Gain (W)
70 7000
700
Heat
Gain (W)
1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 140
Heat
eat Gain
/\
Heat Gain (w)

0 0
7000 700 7000 700

5460 1 5460 1 5460 1 5460 1 5460 1 5460 1 5460 1 5460 1 5460
1
7000
7000
7000
7000
20
21
22 23 24
7000 700 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000
'15460
6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703,25 6703.25
4718.75
1
12625
7000
400
7000 7000
7000 700
1400 1400
1
400
7000
1400 1400
5600 5600 5600 5600 5600 560 5600 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 7906.25 5600 5600 5600 5600 5600 5600
0 0
0 0
2835 2835
2835 2835
2835 2835 2835
2835 2835
2835
0
0
0 0
0
0
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective heat gains using quation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 821 , as shown in the next table.
EXcetS fm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_prfit basis or testing or instructional puoses only to students enro|led in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnslin f this ork beyond tht permited
by Secions ]07 or ]08
ofthe 976 Lnied
Sttes Cpyright ctlithut the permissin
fhe cpyright oner is unlful.
174
Hour
1
Heat Gain (w)

7000.0 7000. 7000.0 7000.0
lnternal
Convective G
5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 7906.3 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0
Radiative
HG

2888.2
Cooling Load (w)

8488.2 8430.6 8377,5 8327.8 8280.7
2
3
1400.0 1400.0
1
400.0
4
5
6
7
7000. 7000.0 7000.

15460.0 15460.0 15460.0 15460.0 15460.0 1546.0 15460.0 15460.0 15460.0 15460.0 12625.0 7000.0 7000.0
140.0 140.0
1
2830.6 2777.5 2727.8

2680.7 2635.8 2592.7 3814.6 4292.6
400.0
8235.8
8192.7 12571.3 13049.3 13296.5 13451.2 13563.6 13654.2
13732.1
140.0
8
9
10
11
12
'13
14 15
o
17
'18
6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3
4718.8 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0
4539.8
4694.4
4806.9
4897.4 4975.3 5045.3 5109.7 5170.2 4754.8 3825.2 3446.7 3246.7 31 19.9 3027.2 2952.4
13802.0 13866.5
'13926.9
19
20
21
22 23 24
7000.0 7000.0 7000.0

7000.0
12661.0 9425.2 9046.7 8846.7 8719.9 8627.2 8552.4

18000.0 16000.0
'6
14000.0
'12000.0
oE
IE
(!
10000.0 8000.0 600.0 4000.0 2000.0 0.0
---G- lnternal
Fteat Gain (W;
q)
*x*
Cooling Load ()
basis for tsting or instrutional puoses only to xcerpts tio this work may be reproduced by instuctors f distribution n a not-for-profit reprodc'tin or trnson of ths ork beyond ht permitted students enrolled in ourses tbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other thecopyrightonerisunful' iysr,iton, 107 r ]0Bf the 1976JnitedSttesCopyrighctlithoutthipermissinof
175
8-50
Heat gain to the space = 0.8 x 6000 W = 4800 W, assumed 59% radiative, 41o/o convective, from able 8-20' The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table 8-21, as shown below. here are no latent cooling loads.
Heat Gain (w)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
lnternal
our
1
Convective G
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968,0 1968.0
Radiative HG
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2832.0 2832.4

79.8 52.4 34.7
23.1
'15.6
Cooling Load (w)

79.8 52.4 34.7
23.1 15.6
2 3
4
0.0
6
7 8 9
10
11
12 13 14
15 16 17 18
't9
4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 480.0
0.0
1473.9
2832.0
2832.0
2060.5 2365.5
2540.5 2646.7
3441.9 4028.5
4333.5 4508.5
4614.7 4681.2
2832.0
2832.0
2713.2
2755.6
'1968.0
2832.0
2832.0 2832.0 2832.0
4723.6
4750.9 4768.5
20
21
22 23 24
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2782.9 2800.5
2812.0
2832.0
2832.0 2832.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2819.5
2824.3
4780.0 4787.5 4792.3

4795.5 1366.5 777.9
2827.5
1366.5 777.9
471.8
296.0 189.3 122.5
471.8 296.0
189.3 122.5
A plot showing the lighting heat gain and resuting cooling loads follows.
puoses ony toExcerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution n a not-for-pro1it basis 1br testing r instrutional this ork beynd ht permited students enoled in courses tbr hih the tsxtbook has been adopted. ny ther reproclucion or trnston f by Secion 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 United Saes Copyri?h c1|,ithou the permission ofhe copyrigh olner is unlful.
176
t6000.0 5000.0
,6
4000.0 3000.0
--{-
|nternal Fleat Gain (\l)

(\/)
___x* Cooling Load
o l,
57
11 13 15 17 19 21
Hour
23
8-5'1
The schedule described in problem 8-18 is reduced to the number of peope present per hour in the table below. Assuming "Seated, light office *ork'', the sensible heat gain per person is 245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent heat gain per person is 2bO Btu/hr (59 W). lnternal heat gains from occupants are assumed to be 70o/o radiative. The latent cooling loads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the table. The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective 8heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table 21 , as shown below.
As is readily evident from the plot, the heavyweight zone significantly

damps the response to the heat gains'
on a not-fr-profit basis for testing r nstructional purposes only to Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution of his work beyond h permied fbr which the textbook t-,u, ..n uopt. . ny ther repriucon or rnslion Studnts enoled in courses cyithou hi permissin fthe copyrigh owner is unlful' by Secins ]07 or ]08 ofhe 976 United SeS Copyri?ht
177
Latent heat gain
(\/)
Hour
1
resent
0
0
People
Heat Gain (w)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
lnternal
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
2
3
0
0
4
5
0
0
6
7
I
9
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
'15
40 40 60 60 60 70 70
70 10
0 0
2880.0 2880.0
4320.0 4320.0 4320.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 864.0 864.0 1296.0 1296.0
'1296.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Radiative Cooling Load 20.6

12.5 7.8 5.0 3.4 2.5 2.0
1.6
Cooling Load (w) 20.6

12.5 7.8 5.0 3.4 2.5 2.0
1.6
0
0 0
0
0
2016.0 2016.0
3024.0 3024.0 3024.0 3528.0 3528.0 3528.0 504.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1021.8 1484.5
2233.7 2593.8 2784.5

3143.9
33'17.9
1885.8 2348.5 3529.7 3889.8
16 17 18 19
5040.0 5040.0 5040.0 720.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0
20
21
0
0
22 23 24
0
0 0
1512.0 1512.0 1512.0 216.0 .0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4080.5 4655.9
4829.9
3410.8
1931 .3
4922.8 2147.3
1010.7 552.7 309.2 175.8
101.1
2360 2360 3540 3540 3540 4't30 4130 4130

590
0 0 0 0
1010.7 552.7 309.2 175.8

101.1
0
0 0
58.8 34.6
58.8 34.6

6000.0 5000.0
'
4000.0 3000.0 200.0 1000.0
--*-
lnternal Heat Gain (W1 Cooling Load (W)
*-s*
puoses only to Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional ht permited students enrolled in course s for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnsion of hs ork beyond by Secins ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 (Jnitecl Ses Copyrgh c |ihu the permissin f he copyright wner is unlfu.
178
Solution to be provided by an instructor.
basis for distribution on a not-for-profit wrk may be reprduced by instru:lor:.fo, Excerpts from this for which the textbok has been i, purposes on1y stues enr1led "or.r"s by Sections ]07 or 10B testing or instrutional o}ths ork beyo'nd tht permitted owner is unlwful' adopted. ny other repiodction "y ""ititi" the permission-o/'u copyrgit ct of the 1976 (Jnitecl itotus Copyright 'iin, he Piimiision Deprtment, John nfrmtionilroua i" oaarrrruio h'uouurt, for permission or further
'';i,;;;'';:"{,-i", il l Riir
Street' Hoboken' NJ 07030'
CHAPTER 9
average degree day is 6283' From Table 9-1, the number of From Fig. 9-1, Co = 0'60 Using q' 9-2,
f-
gas Or F = 438.7 mcf of natural
_ tu l hr)(}'60) (24hr l dy)(6283' F dy)\2-^2-^1000 = 438,727 std ft3 (0 (7_ 12"tr)(10 \tu l stdff)
f-
(24hrldy)(6283'F_dy)(-^?5,000tulhr)(0'60) l kW _ hr) (1 J) ql o _z' r)aL2tu
= 102,867 kw-hr
0'287 $Elec = 102,867(0.1 O) = $1 $Gas = 438.7(4.5) = $1,974
Sec_$Gs
$Gs
|0287_974 914
4.2
5'2 times as much' or the electric cost is about Source energy using eec' Source energy using gas
=
@at)(000stdff
438'7 mcf
= 1063'6 mcf
_ (1 02,s 67 k-t4l
hD
!u_
kY-' hr)
lm
>_-
"o,"ff=-tiU 242% That is ele. heat uSeS

9-3
S,_SG
1063.6
_438'7
- more1.42 energy' Source

=
DU' The following are information for Washington' degree day is 4224' From Table g-l,1he number of average From Fig. 9-1 , CD= O'62' is 20 "F' From Table B-1a, the outdoor temperature
Forenergyefficientfurnace,assume85o/oeffiiencyfactor, Using q' 9-2,
Or F = 177 .5 mcf of natural gas
"
-, ,-, 04hr l d )(4224" F =

-10.85X7O_
_ dy)(|20'000t u
hr)(0'62\ 'o'=177,468stdft3
20"trX1O00tu l stdft3)
9-4
+5 Qro" = ato
1
Load Profiles
80000
120,OO0=a(20)+b g=2(gQ)+b
160000
toooo
t_ l z000
12,ooQ =(20 _60)a
lo
soooo 6oooo 4oooo
2OoOo
0
a = -3OOO, b = 180,000 3'000 to Q uo" = 180,000 -
E'
30
4o
Outdoor TemP, "F
9-5 8o. = Qrn - Qnt = 18O'oOO _ to o" = 160,000 3,000
3'Oo0
to
20'00
only to for testing or instructional puosS for distribution on a not-'br-pro'it basis *is wor-k beyond ht permited this work may be reprduced by instrutrs Exets from -ny oher *p-a""ri"]r'i,oô*7 the txtbook r-,* *. studnts enrolled in courses to. w,-' ""pi.. of he copyright oner is unlful' copyrgn, 'a}i:i';;u' i'! irr'*i" l'oii'ii'ri,',r, by Secions ]07 or 108 o7 m,
186
9-6
Group
lll
ll
lVVVl
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Saturday
shift 2
shift
1481012162024
Hour
ssumes Sunday and Saturday in shift 2

See Table 9-2 shift 1 hrs in Group ea. qp
I
shift 1 Days in ea. qp.

0
Total hrs ea. qp

0 0
shift
Total hrs in ea. p.

28 28 28 28 28 28
Frac. of shift 1 hrs ea. gp

0.0 0.0
Frac. of hrs in ea. qp.

'1.0
0 0
il
t
0 5 5 5 5
1.0
0.36
0.71 0.71 0.71
0.64
0.29 0.29 0.29
IV
4 4
20 20 20
V
VI
instructional puoses only t Ecets from his wrk may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or has been adopted- ny other reprodiction or rcnsion f this wrk beyond ht permited students enrolled in courses for whrch the textbook hecopyrighowneriSunlfu. bySecins ]07 r ]08of the 976(JnitedSteSCopyrightcthoutthepermissionof
lo/
9-6 (Cont.)
Bin.
Temp
62 57 52 47 42 37 32 27 22
17 12
lII
0 0
0 0
Shift t hrs in each Group
III
IVVVI
shift
69 58 86 87 99 75 66 28 22
11
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
34 38 49 36 35 32 27
10
I
1
96 77 67 47 48 38 28 17
12
1
68 82 94 62 65 54 36 17
16
hrs 267
shift 2 hrs
255 296
232 247 199
157 72 58 22 2
375 346 388

337 420 422 347 157 113 73 16
4
0
Tota:
9-7
1807
2994
The procedure is the same as Problem 9-6. Use appropriate bin data from pp. B in last step as per Table 9-3.
9-8
Refer to xample 9-2, insert shift hours of Problem 9-6 in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
9-9
Reconstruct able-9-3 for the appropriate city to obtain Shift A and Shift B hours. lnsert the hours in columns 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to students eno11ed in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or rnsltion of this work beyond h permtted by Secins ] 07 or 1 08 of he 1 976 Uned SeS Cpyrigh ct ithut he permission of the copyrigh lner is unlful.
188
9-10
Reconstruct Table 9-3 using the shift hour fractions from Problem 9-6 and bin hours and temperatures for the appropriate city. lnsert the shift hours in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and bin temperatures in column 1 and recalculate.
9-1
Solution furnished by an instructor.
'/'''
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this 'rk beyond ht permitted by Secions ] 07 or 108 ofhe 976 [Jnied Ses Copyrigh c ithout the permission ofthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributin on a not-for-prfit basis fr testing or instrutinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr which the textbook has been adpted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections 107 or 0B of the 1976 Jnited Sttes Copyright ct without the permission f the copyright ov)ner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
CHAPTER
1O
1O-1. (a)
neglect
',*
o+ + _Pz+'
(!
iz;
Wp =
+
=
Zz+
-80 (ft
Wp +
tt, Vl
VziZ=z
-, g/g/"
lbf)/lbm
Pz = Pl + Wp = 20 + 62.4(80)1144 = 54.7 psig Ps = Pz - Ps_ U:)rg= 54.7 _ (62'4 X 50)/1 44 _ (20 x 62'41144)
Pg= 54.7 _ 3.3
24'4 psig
(1't)g+
P=Pz- PZ-((izg_
28.7 psig
=54.7
ffiX25)
(#)(20+
'15) =
(b) Neglecting the pump, the pressure or head required for this pipe is:
= 28'7 - 20
psi or P
8.7 psi
20.1 ft.
87I
I
lo tl l l) |
20
Note:
This is the characteristic for only part
of the total
system.
0L_
oa
= Hz
150
(.
10-2.
* +
trZz=
(8 x 2.31)
250 + 30 + 300
190
= 98.5 ft of water
=
42'6 psig 294 kPa
Jt
= -325ft: H^ = 325ft of head
(
'10-3.
l_z=Hp+ !,t+z=0
H^ =
('-2,
-25- 300
970 kPa
10-4.
100
+
)+ 12 + 1b
5o
75
10-5. (a)l=al+Z
Hz=zQz+z
Series Connection
H2
L
(
.)
z2
Hq
-c.
Ql=Qz;Sum
H=lr
xcerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instrutinal puoses only to students enolled in ourses for vhih the textbook has been adoted' ny her reproducion or rnsion of his rk beyond h permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe ]976 United Ses Copyrighctwithou the permissin fhe copyrigh oner is unfu.
H=Hl *Hz =Qz(a+Az)+G+zz)

Hl = z, =ZzorZ=0 Sum Q
Parallel Connection
191
Ql=
Q
Ê,z= Yar
l
+Q
=Q
6ra*M)'
10-6.
r= JH_(Jil q * ^[- . )
+
Ê Yaz
t=f!Y1 ; V = 6. 3ft/sec, L = 3OO ft, D = ' D2g
4.026
12
Referring to Figures 10-2a and 1 0-2b

62'4(1 .04)6'30(4'026 l12) Re = D _ = 75,696 (2'7 11490) = 0.00015 ft; Table 10-1
/d=o.ooo1
12 5" 4.026
/D = 0.00045; f = (,=
0'022 Fig.
10-1
/3OO) 0.022 \'
(6.30)2
(4.026 t 12) 2(32.17)
= 12.1 ft of 30o/o E.G.sol.
= 12.6 ft of water
38 kPa
-'.--Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for djstribution on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adoped' ny ther reproduction or rnstion of his ork beyond h permitted by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of the ] 976 United Stes Cpyright ct ithou he permission of he copyright wner is unlful.
192
10-7.
(a)
(
J-
so
925
100
125
150
gpm
(b)
Qn
48 gpm; Qs
24 gpm; Qc
= 32 gpm;
(c) (d)
28ft
60 gpm Qs = 32 gpm Qc = 41 gpm
Qn
_ 125 gpm
10-8.
Refer to Problem 10-7;
z _ 0
=O.9O8O
(a) Hn= uoQi, n=

Hs = auQ3, s = Hc = a.Q3, c =
9= + ai 50'
30'
9= a6
= +=+ aa 45'
a2
= o'o278
=o.O'148
H(^n/o!o8
+
02
645.06
Jt
oza + J.roua)2
= 0.001
55Q2
(b) Q
= 100 gpm; H = O.OO155 x (1OO),
1S.5 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or rnsltion of this work beyoncl h permiedbySectins 07 or l08 of he ]976LlniedSalesCpyrightct]ihouhepermissionf he copyrighnerisunlfu.
Hn = Hs = c = 'l5.5 ft
193
Qn=
Qg=
J/r
=.,/l55/O.OO8 =44gpm
=
.'m
lo'o2?8
23'6 pm
Qc =
Jss/oJl4g
(a)
= 32.4 gom
= 0.001
(c) From
above. H
55(12q2 = 24.2 tt
Qn=
Qg =
=55qpm
=
=
J2lo278
29.5 gpm
4O.4 qpm
Qc = J%2to148
= 125 gpm
1o-9.
= CA
r|2g"(P, '--L
_Pr)l''''
-]
v'vv 'D1 =84.8 = O.55 154.1
D2
aSSume C = 0.638 using Fig. 10-9;
P_Pz
Q
Ar= (O.os4s)2 = O.00565 -4
m2
= O.O98(13.55)9.s = 13.O13 J/kg
= 0.63S(0.0056 5)t2(13,013)11/2 =
0.0184 m3/s x 292 gpm

= 1.98 x'105
V
C6
z=
3.26 m/s; Re
999(3'26)(0:085)
1.4x10-3
10-9.
^:
0.638 From Fig.
herefore the original assumption is satisfactory.

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbook has been adoped' ny ther reprduction or rnslaon of his ori beyond-th permitted by Secions ] 07 or 0B of he ] 976 United Ses Cpyrigh ct wihu the permissin of he copyrigh ner is unwful.
194
1o-1o. (a)V.. = 2g" (Po,

Table A-1a;
L-" [ )] L
= 59'83 lbm/ft3
_,ll"' _|z x s?'
x o.os x 144 0 +91x 144)
1t2
=3.97 ft/sec
(b)rir = VA(O. 821= 59.83 x 3.97
rh = 39 lbm/sec or 140,674 lbm/hr
r+][q''l2 4r 12 )
o.z
10-11
(a) 40
35
T2s
(b)
Read from Fig. 10-11a at 35 ft and '125 gpm, W. = '1.6 HP
(c) (d)
= 180 gpm, H, = 20 ft; 1.8 P
his is actually out of the operating range of the pump and the
efficiency is very low. ln situations like this there is a danger of overloading the pump motor; however, that does not appear to be a problem in this case since the motor is probably a 2HP model.
xcerpts from this work may be reprodced by instrutors for distribution on a not_fr-profit basts for testing or instrutional purpses only to students enrlled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny other reprodctin r rnslion f his work beyond tht permied by Sections ]07 or 08 fhe 1976 Uned Stes Copyrightct1|ihout he permissin fthe copyrigh oner is unlcrlful.
195
10-12. NPSHR
NPSHA
= =
ft (Figure 10_1 1b) [e"e") -2,-r,- f&9"] \ g / g)

NPSH
=
20
to ( 20='u 13.55x62.4 -"_2_ t_l'sox 44

12
62.2
az.z
"=32'85_20_2_1'17
'10-13. (a) 231 gpm, p = 73'4% W, = 12* tlP
9.68 ft; (2.)rr, = 9.68 ft
200
(b) 225 gpm o = 73 '3o/o W, = 12- P
140
100
10-14.
(a) (b)
= 73.3o;
W,
= 11. 5
HP
185
225 gpm; '185 ft of head
149
r=73.5%;Ws=14P
(c)
o= 73o/o,
W.
= 14 P
gpm
225
231
10-15 From Problem 10-14b, the original system defined by 225 gpm and 149
ft of head and would operate at 242 gpm, 173 ft of head and require 14.4 HP with the 7in impellor. hen,
Ecerpts 1iom this work may be reprduced by nstrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutinal puoses nly to students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopled' ny her reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beynd th permited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 97 6 United Stes Copyrigh c ithou he permission of he cpyright lner is unlwful.
_. _
196
Pln= 35o[+.l =3o37

\242 )
H^ =
" 3 "
1
3500/
(go37
)'
=
= l3O ft
w^
The fficiency woud not Chan ge,74.2o
4.4(s037)' 3500,
e.4 HP
1o-16
Dn
"r(#)=
()'
7(o e7)
6 8 in
Hn = *,
173
(o'g44)= 163 ft
1.
.[)u
= 14'4(o'g17)
= 13 2
The fficiency would not Chan ge,74.2o
10-17. Uses Fig.
0-20 or program PIPE
(a) 25 gm; 1 % in., V < 4 ftlsec,2in dia. or less (b) 40 gpm; 2in. V < 4 fVsec,2in dia. or less (c) 15 gpm; 1in., v < 4 fUsec, 2in dia. or less (d) 60 gm;2% in', '(,'1< 4 pVsec; dia > 2 in. (e) 2OO gpm; g %in., .(,'1< 4 ftllOO pUsec; dia > 2in.
2ooo gpm; 8 in., /1 slightly
>
4 ftl1oo
ft
Exerpts 1iom this work may be reprduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instructional puosos only to students enroled in courses tbr which the textbook has been adopted' ny her reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 97 6 Unted Ses Copyrigh c ithu the permission of he cp,'igh ner is unlwful.
1-18. (a) K = 30 ft, ft = 0.019; K = 0.57 (Table
197
10-2; Figure 10-22a) = 3.82 fVsec; ! r = 0'57(3'822l2.2x2)= O.13 ft
(b) K
= 340 ft, ft= 0.017; = 5.0
f/sec; !
= 5.78
= 5.78 x 5.02t132.2
x2)
2.24 ft
(c) K= 60ft, ft= 0.018; K = 1.08 V = 6.5 ft/sec; ! r= 1.08 x 6.52t(2x32.2)

'10-1e.
!r=
= 0.71 ft
2.31
(#)'
= 10.8 ft of water or 4.7 psi.
10-20. Assume com. stl. pipe Q

= O.O3
mt/s = 108 m3/hr, size pipe for about 4 mllOO m
From Fig. 10-20, use 5 inch pipe, lD = 130 mm

nt '
_ a, f - ..25 ml100 m; [1= (3'251100)200
6.5 m of water or 63.7 kPa
Pg = 35 kPa
For strainer. P"
' - | o-99-1' "

1 0.00722 J
'27
kPa
Then for the pump:

Pp = 63.7 + 35 +
'17
.3 + 3(1000)(9 .807)11000 = 145'4
kPa
p = 145.419'807 = 14.8 m
= O.O3 mu/s
30 L/s
10-21. Size the pipe using Fig. 10-20 or program PIPE. Fitting equivalent lengths found using Fig. 10-22a; 10-22b and able 10-2' Program PPE could be used to solve the complete problem including fitting losses. Data for hard calculations are summarized below:
xcerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-pro1it basis for testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enroled in ourses or whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproducion or rnstion of his ork beyond ht permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 976 Unied SleS Cpyright clihu he permission ofhe cpyrigh oner is unful.
198
lO(3)
ro(3)
1ot3]
I
/o\
\:-/
o(3)
55)
Sec.
No.
1
qpm
stze
3
it
ft./'100 ft
Le
ft.
t
ft.
tn.
Valve
Con.
ft.
Coil
ft.
otal
ft.
120
70 2.5 40 2 40
2
3.38 3.64
3.'1 3.'1
45
'15
1.5
1.5
0.6 0.7 0.4

1.6 1.4
1
0.6
11.4
12.1
6 7
24
13
12.0
12.4
1.6 1.4
4
10 2 3
90 2.5 120
3
5.84 3.38 4.7 4.7

6.3 6.3
27
42
22
5
2 50 2 30 1.5 30 1.5
10.0 10.0
14.4
11.0 11.2 16.2
26 28
13
1.2 1.8
I
9
0.8
15.0
15.8
ch
120
20
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199
same.
The head losses for the three parallel runs are approximately the
For run (1-5-6-Z-4-10), Hp = 49.6 ft For run (1-5-S-g-10), Hp = 55.5 ft For run (1-2-3-4-10), Hp = 46J ft Therefore, a pump should be selected to provide about 56 ft of head at
120 gpm.
10-22. 500 gpm, Use 5 inch pipe; !'f
4.17 fil1OO
ft
= 8.0
ftlsec
Length of pipe = 160 + 3O + 12 = 202 6-5 in elbows = ,lS
ft
ft
(Figure 10_22)
3-5 in gate valve = 12 ft

1-5 in gobe valve = 130 ft; Total equivalent length = 419 ft
. 4.17(41e\ /, = -_1}-J "/ =

For strainer: ! For cond
17
'5 ft of water
!
17
"o
2.31 = e.24ft of water "= = 20 ft of water
[#)'
hen Hp =
'5 + 9.24 + 20 + (3o
12) = 64.7 ft at 5OO gpm
10-23'Use q. 10-33
Exerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-or-profit basis fbr testing or instructional puoss only to students enrolled in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted ny her eprdacton or rq'nsion of his ork beynd th permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyright ct ihut he peimission of the cpy.igh owner is unlfu.
200
,,_
".
_ -
6oott*:;*g
I
-,l) - 3x6 sxlo-u (1,0

og.g ]
-oull
gz.g
= 19.4 9a1. = 74 L
10-24' Use Eq. 10-34 v,

Vr-_8.-gal
=
oo[[9
g L[ 0'10zz
_,'l _ 3x6.5x1
o_u (1,, o _
'-___-_-J
ou1l
33 L
'_ 69:%,
10-25. Use Eq.
10-33 tl = 60oF, P2= 50 psig, P1 = 20 psig, v1 = O.O1653 ft3/lbm
vz = O.O1 6772 ft3/lbm, tz = 220"F
V=
= _11_5_gal.
435 L
10-26
(a) Use Eq.
'10-16
P,+ PPz= Pzgzz +v+g
'g"9c
=
lL
9c
24o
t,
''
ff
(zz-z)+ w
P9n LE
-
9cl
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt_for-profit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted,' ny other reproducton or ffion of his wori beyond-h permied by Secins ]07 r ]08 fhe 976 L]nied Ses Copyrightcthou he peimission fthe copyrigh ower is untful'
=
(b)
e4o)
#(60)
es1=Be psis or
61
2 kpa201
P,'+g!= P2+g2 9c - --gc

Pz=P-
(z-zz)=89.o
=
-effi
has a
Pz = -15 psig
-i03 kpa or about o absorute
(c) No, makeup water is not available to overcome a pressure of gg psig. However, the domestic water system probabry
booster pump.
10-27
(a)
Pz *
o* (zz-z) + * 9, gc 9c
62.4(60)
62.4(240) 5+ 144
144
62.4(25) 144
'n0.8
Pr = 93.8 psig or 647 kpa
(b) =Pz+
Pl
!9
9c
(zz-z)
5 *62|(,2ra0) = 5 + 104 =.t09 psig
= 109 psig or 752
kPa
Excerpts from this work may be repoduced by instructors for distributin n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the iextbook t-,u. ".n permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 1dj -l rir, rpr"a""ron or rnslion f his work beyond h United Stes copyrighi c withu he p,e1mison of he copyright ner is unlful.
202
(c) This location is at east workable. owever the pressure at the pump is still very high. The domestic service water
floor.
pressure would have to be boosted to a higher pressure at the 2oth
10-28
(oo , sz)
Qo
(a,
x +o)=
(ao x
*Q.
Q= 100
Solve Simultaneous
57Qb + (O x 1OO) - 4OQb = 100 x47
ab =
(b) (c)
17
= 41.2 say 41gpm 41 = 59 gpm
Q.
= Q.. = 1OO -
Size all pipe for 100 gpm

D = 3 in. from Fig.
'1
0-20 or PIPE
10-29. (a) Each chiller requires 600 gpm. Since chiller 2 is partially loaded
must have the full flow of 600 gpm. Therefore, Q"p = 1200 - 750 = 450 gpm
it
(b) (150 - 60)
+ (450
x 42)
600 ts, ts
46.5 F
(c) LR
= 150/600 = 0.25
stl.
(d) Main pipe to and from sec. Circuits: D = 8 in. com.
Excerpts from this work nay be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis fbr testing or instructional puoses only to students enlled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h permited by Sectins ]07 or 08 fhe ]976 United Snes Cpyrighcihu the permissin ofhe copyright oner is unlfu'
Dns = Dco = O in. com. sfl. (S in. a litile small)

D"p =
203
6 in. com. sfl.
in.)
Dsc = DRo = 6 n. com. stl. ( could be 5 in. but easier to make all 6
= PIl
(e) Rpm,
050l12oo)
= 35OO(75o/12o0) =
2188
( W
or
*#=1-ff
=,l_[ffiJ' =, (##)
= O 756
75o/o
10-30. (a)
Q"n = 12OO
-750
450 gpm
(b) Qrtr
(450x42)+ (750x60) = 53.3 F 1200 Both chillers receive the same temp. water
+ Qztz = Qsts; ,. =
(c) Load
LR=
10-31.
ratios are the same:
##=0628or63%
xcerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on a not-for_profit basis fr testing or instrutiona puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny her )eproclucion or rnslin of this rk beyoncl th permitted by Sectin's 07 or 108 of he ] 976 Jnitecl Sttes Cpyrgh c wthu he pession of the copyright ner is untful.
204
10
(13)
2(6) 3
*{s) **nt*if r
T'r^;n }iJJ' ^
!
u?
1*{S}
*{s} s 2(s) 8
Ba*n*s ve,v* {typi*aii
**rnnr** pip*
Note: Piping is type L copper ll |engths are total equivalent lengths
10-31.
Fow rate Coil opm (L/s) A 40(2.5) B 40(2.5) c 50(3.2) (continued) Dia.
Lost head ft (m) Coil Con. valve 12(3.7) 10(3) 15(4.6) 12(3.7) 18(5.5) 15(4.6)
Section
No.
1-2
gpm
130 90 50
3
ir
ftl10' 3.7 4.8 5.0
L"
ft
in.
!.r ft
2-3 3-4
^,îl
2% 2
60 20 30
2.2
r;
355
' he reproduced
by instrutors for distribution on a not_or-profit basis fortiting or instructionai puoses ony to -h hih the textbook has been adopted' ny oher eprduction r rislin of his wori beyond ''/ United Ses Cpyrigh c ithou he permission of he copyv.ight oer is unlful.
Con. C 4-5 Com. oi 2-6 Coil A Con. A

3-7
205
130
0 3 3
3.7 3.4
40
30
40
Coil B Con. B 7-8
40
3.4
10
10
15 1.5 0.0 39.2 1.0 12
ft
(tote
23
80
2%
3.9
20
0.8 28.3
0.5 15 12
ft
ft
(total)
(totat)
Circuit 1-2-3-4-5-1 is the path of greatest lost head. From Fig. 40 ftof head and 130 gpm the 7 in., 1750 rpm model which
ft of head.
choose at froduces about 43

1O-1 1
p^q 2 2 lbu] 2(r)3(r}

t p,ih-*:y +* PumP {12)l 4Q t1i
f
s*ianc* vxl* {typi*ai}
{}
*hill*r
p l ]$} $
*ntr*i . valv*
{
typi*xi}
10-32. Notes: Ppe is schedule 40, commercial steel. ll lengths are total equivalent lengths exc|uding control valves.
Circuit
Flow rate gpm (L/s)

60(3.8) 70(4.4\ 70(4.4\
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Control valve head loss ft (m) 40(12) 5(15) 50(15)
206
Section
No.
1-2 2-3
Dia.
gpm
if
ft/'l00' 2.4 4.2 3.5 2.4 2.5
L"
ft
(.t
in.
ft
200
140 70
3-4 Con.
4-1
4 3 2% 4
2% 3 2%
200 200 240

400 240
4.8 8.4 8.4 50

o
200
60
2-5 Con. A 5-4

3-6
9.6
40
81 .2
ft tt ft
(total)
140 70
4.2 3.5
200 40
8.4
54.4 51.4
(total) (total)
Con. B
50
1.4
Circuit 1-2-3-4-1 has the largest head loss of al paths. Select pump for 2OO gpm at 81 ft of head. From Fig. 10-1 1, use: 5' in., 3500 rpm model. Will operate at 96 ft at 200 gpm. 10-33
(a)
qst = 20
x 12,000 x2= 480,000 Btu
/1
c, (t,.-t.)
gst
480000
62.4(1) (60-45)
512.8 ft3
orQ=3,8369a1
(b) Vol
= 513 ft3 10.2 ft
ora Space
ftx 8 ftx 8 ft ora cyindrical tank
8 ftdia. x
10-33. (continued) Solution - Sl:

(a)
Qg1
(352_280) (2)= 144k\^l-hr= mc, (trt.) _ Qcp(t-t.)

144 x3600 = 14 m3 980(4. 184) (1 6-7)
Qst , (t1ts )
' 1le reprodued
by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to '.'hih the textbok has been adopted. ny oher reproduction r trnsltion of his wrk beyond tht ^76 (ned Ses Copyrigh chout he permission fthe cpyrigh oner is unlful'
207
(b) Vol.
2mx2.4mx2.4m
is:
10-34. Solutions may/can Vary. typical solution
(a)
Use 2 chillers of '15 tons total capacity in a reverse return system similar to figure 10-32. The piping would be routed overhead around the complex with supply and return running parallel, starting and returning to the equipment room.
Total flow rate is
(b)
Q =16 x2'25
36 gpm Using PIPE or Fig 10-21; Dia. = 2in'
(c)
Estimated length 3600 ft
=225x4x2= 1s00ft.
otal Eq. Length=2x 18OO
Assuming an average oss of about 2.5 ft1100 ft; The pump head required would be:
Hp = 2.5 x 3600/100 = g0 ft with flow rate of 36 gpm
'10-35 Solutions may vary

(a)Figure 10-34 is a schematic of what the system woud be. However, there would be 3 chillers and the secondary piping would be routed in a square fashion around the outside of the parking
garage in reverse return.
(b)he primary system would appear as in Figure 10-34 with the
common pipe as shown because of the expected variable and light

load at night.
(c)The tertiary circuits would be as shown in Figure 10-34 and piped in a reverse return manner. (d)For each building:
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208
4x500(60-45) = Q=4x600 =2400 gpm

=
Qi
1500 x 't2000
600 gpm
(e) Dia. = 10
10-36.
in., Figure 10-20 or plpE
Y a_Air Vent (Typical) ,+9*4 Heating Device (Typical) r-

T<-TypicatTrap
;Contro valve (Typical)
IE
er--] < !- - -<-'-' -2

;-
o r--5
Possible
Vacuum Breaker on each Heatinq Device
10-37
'
ssume boiler pressure of 2'O psig with P/L = 2'O oz or 0'125 psi/1OO ft' (Tabe 10-4a). hen, P = o'125x 175l1OO = 3'5 ozor 0'22 psi P is about zthe alowabe from Table 10-4a'
Assume boiler pressure of 1.o psig with P/L 0'125 psi/1Oo ft. (Tabe 10-4a)' Then P = 0'125 x 175l1OO = 0'22 psi which is near the maximum in able 10-4a' Either boiler pressure could be used,
but select2.0 psig to be conservative.
xc-erpts fiom this work may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in curses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny oher reproducin or rnsion of his wrk beyoncl tht permited by Sectins 07 or 108 of he ] 97 6 (]nitect Stes Cpyrigh} c ith'u he peimission of he cpyright er is untfu.
209
From Figure 10-48a at 850 lb/hr; P/L = 0.'125 sil100 ft, and boiler pressure of 2.0 psig: Pipe diameter = 4 in., with steam velocity of 4,00 ftlmin at zero psig. Correct velocity to 2'0 psig (Fig. 10-49a)
= 3,800 ftlmin
10-38. For each
ft.
unit at full load: = 283 lb/hr
Pipe size depends on slope of line, able 10-5a. For slope of 1/8 to in./ft, D = 1 in. nominal specify slope of % in./ft (conservative).
10-39. Refer
The available head is = 2 x'100/110 = 1'82ftl10 ft. Then at 850 lb/hr of condensate flow, D = 1 in. nominal is adequate.
to Table '10-5a.
10-40
(a)
q = rhcp(t,-t,) =
ga##(1)(6s
-..-
- 42)
' ^
1200x7'48 = 1'250 =1200x624(654 - ^F^ gpm 60 X
(b) ssuming no changes in the temperatures, the total flow rate would
., =
-P 9t 1l25O) 1200 \
'/
be:
937.5 or 938 gpm
he chillers could share the flow:
-=469gpm (J, ^-938
= '2
and be above their minimum flow of
70o/o.
Qmin
469 625
0.75 or or Ts%
Ecerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enroled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducin or rnslion f his ork beyond th permitted by Secions ]07 r 08 fthe E976 Lnied Sttes Copyright ct\ithout he pe'mission fhe copyrigh wner is unlvful.
210
flow and the parallel pumps coud operate at:
his is probably the best way to operate. here would be no bypass
RPM,
*x 625
35OO =
2,626
(c) At 6% full load, again assuming no change in temperature, the

tota flow rate would be:
Qp = 0.6(1 250)
750 gpm
This is too much flow for one chiler and not enough for two chillers at minimum flow of 875 gpm or 438 gpm each. herefore, both
chilers will have to operate at least at 438 gpm each and some ftow
bypassed equal to:
875 - 75O = 125 gpm
The pumps could both be slowed to:
RPMP = '
,9'? 1250
fu
35o) = 2'450
(d) t 25% of
capacity, again assuming the temperatures do not
change, the flow rate for the load is:
d,
= 0.25(1250) = 313 gpm
which is less than the minimum flow rate for even one chiller. herefore, shut down one chiller and operate the other at least its
minimum flow of 438 gpm. The bypass flow would be: Qop
=
438 - 3]3 = 125 gpm
One pump would be shut down and the speed reduced for the other
pump to:
RPM, '
*(3sOO) =2,453 625
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Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instructional pulposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright iwner is unful. Requests for permission r further informtion should be ddressed to thi permission Deprtm'ent, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, Hobken' NJ 07030.
GHAPTR
11-1
11
(a) Using Eq.
'1-1b
1=L959ll-,
J"
1:
' s5 '-Ao = = O.353

=
ft2;
ssumed K
=6
X5o
' 50.,/0.353
-=ug-ô)
68.5 ft;
x1
= 34.2ft; xlso = 22.8ft
(b) Q,
CQov"/v,, C = 2; q. 11-2a
(Q,)so = 2(3OO)850/SO = 10,2OO ft3/min (Q,)loo = 6O(85O)/1OO = 5,1O0 ft3/min (Q,)rso = 6OO(850)/150 = 3,400 ft3/min
11_2'
Using q. 11-3
t, _ t, = 0.8(to _ t.)
(V,/Vo), t,
= 0.8(100-75)
V,ll'tO
(t,)so = 0.8(28)50l1100 = 1'02 F

(t*)loo =
2'04 F
(t )lso = 3.06 F
11-3.
50 ftlmin throw = 24
6 = 18 ft
212
From Eq. '1 1-'1 and Qo = Vo x o; Assume K
=6
;=1l3Kro'ffi
Qo_
Q"
*v* 18 x 5o =1.13K - .13x6

'1
= 132.7
D^
ny combination shown would

on the available total volume
be
acceptable. The size would depend

flow
rate of air and the size of the space.
29 39 49 59 118
ln.
a
ft.
J 4
5
0.25 0.33
0.4t7
0.500 1.00
t2
11-4.
Q,
Q oC V Q o/Ao
Vo=
= zstl Lr-
"lV,
Eg. 11=2a
V,= V"(1.13)Kl lx ; K=
L4 \z1
r9)'l=
1
s fVmin
6, x =
12ft
vr=
636 x 6(1 .i q'4 t12 = 159 ft/min ^l+x(O.S)2
'
Qr= 125x2x6361159
11-5.
= 1000 cfm
A ceiling type diffuser system has the ability to handle large

quantities of air because the air is discharged radially and
diffuses the high velocity jet in a short distance.

11-6. (a) A perimeter type system would be necessary to achieve a
satisfactory heating performance. ny other type of system would lead to a cold and drafty floor.
Exepts rom this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr_proft basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in urses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trns{ion f this work beynd h permited by Sections ]07 r l08 ofthe 976 tJnited Sttes Copyrighctihouthe permission ofhe copyrighneris unlllfu.
(b)
An overhead type system would be preferred because of the greater need for cooling during the summer and less need
for heat durng the winter.
213
11-7
'
system is required to do a good job of heating. spreading jet should be used when heating and a nonspreading jet should be used when cooling.
perimeter type system would be the best choice. This type
11-8'
Some kind of overhead system woud be preferable since cooing would be the dominant mode of operation. However,
ceiling diffusers with radial discharge woutd not be required due to a low volume of circuated air' high side walt type of system or ceiling diffusers with discharge in only one or two directions
with a arge throw would be preferred. This would give the maximum air motion with a smal amount of circulated air.
11-9.
10 in. round diffuser, Tabe 11-4;650 cfm
lnterpolation between 600 & zoo cfm is required
NC=0.5x(21 -17)+17=19
x5o = 0.5(1 1-10) + 10 = 10.5 ft
p=oo62(ffi)'=oo73in
11-10.
wq
For 150 cfm/ft, Po
= O.08
x (150116712 = O.65 in' wg.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributiol on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instructiona puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbk has been adopted ny oh,er aurton or rnslion f this wrk beynd th permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 ('|nited Ses Cpyright ct w ihu he p,e{m|sson of he copyrigh oner is untnfut.
214
Throw values are for a 4 ft active length then

X5 =
21 _ 0.6(4) = '18.6
ft;
he uncorrected NC for a 10 ft length is NC

For a length of 6 ft the correction is -2.
= 23
_ 0.6(5) = 20.
Corrected: NC
lnterpolate:
= 20
-2
= 18
11-11. Model 28, 4-48 T-Bar; Table '1 1-6, 270 cfm
NC
0.7 (36
32) + 32 = 34.8 or 35
xso =
0.7(11 -10) *
, ^-^'t2
l0
= 10'7 or 11 ft
p=O.r[
245
+l )
=o.13in.wq
11-12' From Table 11-1, L = 12 ft' Then

Q=
from able 11-2 at
40 Btu/(hr-ft21, lxuo/L1rr*
=1.3 and the range is1.2 - 1.8, and X5s = 1.3
x12= 15.6ft
A good solution would be to use the 4 in. size with

'150 cfm/ft. with uncorrected throw of 18 ft and
NC
= 19.
The corrected throw is:

Xso ='18 x 0.85 = 15.3 ft and
NC = 19 - 4= 15
0.057r)'
139
= O.066 in. wq
11-13. (a) Room char. Length

Range of xso/L
= 14 ft,
Table
1 1-'1
(x5/L)rr, = 0.8, Table 11-2

= 0.5
to 1.5; xso = 0.8 x 14= 11.2ft
Eerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instuctoS f distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducon or rnsion f this ork beyond tht permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ] 976 Jnied Sttes Copyrigh c l ihou the permission f the cpyrigh wner is unlwful.
The best choice would be a 12 in. size with 600 cfm
215
(b)
xso =
13.
--'-'--'- 14'3 :9 Q) = 14.3ft;x5e/L 80' 14
= 1.02(in the range)
Po = o.o81
(ffi)'
0.0g6 in. wg., NC =
22+ffol
=24.5
11-14.
(a)
Room char. Length is 26 ft,Table 11-2

(x5/L),,, = 1.6 (Table 11-2); range of (x5g/L) = 1'2
Xso = 1.6 x
- 2'3
26 = 41.6 ft; Q/diff = 60012 = 3OO fm From able 11-5, the 18 x 4, 14 x 5, or

= 31 ft
12 x 6 sizes may be acceptable athough the throw is
less than desired. Xso
Xso/L = 31.6126 = 1.2 (barely in the acceptable range)
(b)
Xso =
31- ft (zero defection)

22*,
NC =
^po:
o.o6e
(#)'=
0.065 in. ws.
11-15
lt is good practice to keep the core veocity below 5OO ftlmin.
solution is the 18 x '1 2; Table 11-7
Po- -o.O45
65 NC= 21 + fZl 135' =24

Note that static pressure and Po are negative.
[,)' 535/
= -O.O57 in. wg
11-16. Guidelines:
1-Place diffusers under or between double windows. 2-Select throw using the DPl procedure. Characteristic length
xerpts from this work may be reprdued by instuctoS for distribution on a not-for-proflt basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reproduction or risltin of his wori beyond'tht permied by Seclins ] 07 or 08 f he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh ct ithout he permission f he cpyrgh ower is unlwful.
216
=
floor to ceiling.
3-Noise criteria (Nc) should usualy be less than 30. 4-Be Sure that the tota pressure required is compatible
with the pressure characteristics of the system. For example, a smal commercial system may have a fan that produces only
about 0.6 in. wg. total pressure while a large commerciat system may operated at2-5 in. wg. total pressure. The diffusertotal
pressure osses should be no more than abo ut 10% of the fan total pressure.
5- Use data from Table
11-17
1
1-3
'
Guideines:
1-center diffusers in square or nearly square spaces. Divide large or irregular spaces into imaginary square spaces and
pace a diffuser in each Space. Select throw using DPl procedure. 2-ry to obtain a balance between many small diffusers versus
a few very rarge diffusers to be cost effective.
?_ v
4_ t
See Problem 11-16
5- Use data from Table 11-4
11-18. Guidelines:
1-Locate diffusers about 12 in. below ceiling on inside wals. Setect
throw using ADpl procedure. 2-he jet may be spread with this type diffuser. However, more than one diffuser should be used where the room width is at least two times the room depth.
3-
Exerpts frorn this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributin on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only t students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted ny ol'r, rpioaun or rnslrin of this rk beyond h pemied by SeCionS 07 or 08 fhe ]976 (]nied Sqtes Copyrigh' clihu he peimssin fhe copyrigh ner is untful.
. I See problem 11-16
v&
45- Use data from Table

1
217
'1-S
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218
-ffi
11-19. Guidelines:
'1-Locate grilles in ceiling near the inside wall.
2-Noise criteria (NC) should be less than 30. 3-The negative static pressure should be held to minimum, especially for light commercial systems with small fans.
core velocities of less than 5oo ftlmin will usually yield a quiet system with a reasonably low-pressure loss. Higher
velocities and pressure ross may be tolerated with heavy commercial applications. 4- Use data from Tale 11-7.
11-20.
(a)
+l+
H-24, Mod 28 at 89 cfm each
<-l-+ +l-+
2'-windows
*l-+ +t-e +l-r
l+ +l-,
_+
(b)
X1oo=
89 cfm/diffuser; Po ote: other acceptable soutions also exist.
3ft; L =7
ft; X19/L
=3l7
= O.43; o.3 < (x19/L) < 1.o 0.06 in. V/g.; C = 20
11-21. Simiar to
11-2O - Diffusers shoud throw air towards the windows - Arrange to obtain uniform air motion - Might use diffusers with short throw around exposed walls with larger units in the interor.
11-22. L = 9 ft; Table'l i-1

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xso=0.9x9=8.'1
Po =
219 X59/L = 0.9; able 11=2, straight Vanes ( Assume light load for a secondary system)
ft
11
solution: 9-4 ft length diffusers with 50 cfm/ft, 2 in. size, able 11-3, x = 8.5 ft (no correction required); NC = 15 - 4 = Place 3 diffusers on each exposed wall
4-'12 in. size from able 11-4
=
0l4q2 x O.036
= O'047 in. wg.
11-23. Use
650 cfm/diffuser; L Room Load = 18
20
ft
80
Btu
78
= (hr _ ft )
x5sil
= 0.8,
Table 11-2
x = 16 ft (desired)
Xactual
F5
(650 - 630)
_
63i
(7 _ '15) + 15 = 15.5 ft
range)
xact_15.5_., -fl : = 0.78 (in acceptable ^

NC = 27;
Po=O 105
r]'= 630/
O.112 in. wg.
11-24' Use
=
14-H-48, Model 28 diffusers from able 11-6;

= 20 ft, xlse/L
229 cfmldif. as shown. L
0.3 and acceptable range is 0.3 to 1.0.
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220
Desired throw: xloo = 0.3 x 20 Actual throw:

Xact =
= 6 ft.
'1
6.5, Tabe
'1-6
80
Xr"t/L = 6'520 = 0.33,
o.K.
NC
29, Po = 0.095 in. wg.
ltLr
78
11-25. Refer to Problem 11-23, Q

return, limit NC to about
2600 cfm; refer to Table 11-7.

with
ssume a ay-in ceiling with 2 ftx 4 ft tiles. o assure a quiet
20. Use 2-24 in. x24 in. grilles
1300 cfm each. Nc < 25, Po = -0.048 in. wg.
11-26. Refer to Problem

Assume
11
-24,3200 cfm.
a2ftx4
ft lay-in ceiling.
Use 24 in. x 24 in. size from able 11-7

cfm/grille = 320013 = 1067; Nc < 2
Po = -0.033 + 0.006 = -0'027 in. wg.
'
Using three units,
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Exerpts from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrlled in courses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B of the t 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful. Requests for permissi or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER
12-1.
(a) W.
= rt (Pl
_ Pz)l ssume standard air

= o.60
(b) r,=
(c)
ffi
=
Q(Pl -P2) _ 2oo(1.9) 6350 6350
HP - O.45 kW
=#ffi+
= O 54 Pu =
or 54o
=
= 2Ooo/O
'84=2,381ft/min,
0.35 = 1.55 in wg
Q381l4ooq2
.35 in wg
P. = 1.9
W"
2000x'1.55 = 0.49 6350

=
s = Ws/Wrr,
0'4911'1 = 0'44 or
= 1.55 in wg
44o/o
(d) From
(c)
abovet P,
12-2
Qz =
a,
=
#ffi
2ooo
(ffi#)
=24oocrm
= 1,133 L/s
P,z
P.l
[Hffi)'
= 1.55
(ffi#)'
= 223in wg 555 Pa
Poz =
".[ffi)=
]'
=l
(pv")2
o( -*9\ =z'in -1Oo/

'1
wg
=682Pa
W,
\i, [RPM, RPM1
'
(12o0lu 1000/
l.9 HP = 1'42k\
221
12-3.
(a,b) Qz =
Q (750i900)
0.833 Q
P1
Poz= PO1(75ol9OO)2 = '694
HPz- P1(75oi9oo)3
80 RPM
= 0.579
HPl
7OO
RPM
Po
a
6,000 10,000 14,000 12-3
2.4
J
Po
HP
2.75
3.5 3.45
a
5,250 8,750
HP
1.84
2.3
1.87 1.15
1.76 1.43 0.88
2.34
2.31
12,250
6 5 (d)
2.0
'1.6
4
3 (L
1.2
U)
Po = 1-30 in. wg = 9625 cfm P = 2.34
E o
0.8
2
1
t- 0.4
0.0
02
468111214
cfm x 10-3
12-4. Since pressure in in. wg. is plotted on the ordinate instead of head the
pressure must be adjusted to reflect the barometric pressure at 5280 ft
elevation.
Po = (Po)rt(/P.t) = (Po).t(Po/Po,'t)
also, W = W.t(/Ps*o)=
Po,,t =
Wr16(P6/P5'r16)
14.696 psia; Po = O.491(29'42 _ 0.0009 x 5280); Eq. 3-4
or instrutional puoss only to Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing of this work beynd ht enrolled in courses for wtrih the tixtbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslion students oner is unful' 08 of he 976 Lnitec] Ses Cpyrigh} c )ithou the permissin f he copyrigh permied by Sectins ] 07 r
222
Po = 12.112 psia
hen in Denver,
Co the
ne\M characteristics
may be obtained by
Wst.
computing Po and W at various volume flow rates from Fig. 12-8.

Po = (Po),ro(2.112t14.696) = 0'824(P6)916 ?d
W - 0-824
14,000
Q cfm
6,000
Po
'10,000
W
2.75 2.27
Po
W
3.5
Po
W
3.45 2.84
Sea Level
Denver
2.3 1.9
1.87 1.54
1.15
2.88
0.95
:. (w",0 - w)1oo _ 3.5 - 2.88 (b) W=ff= 35

.
= 18% (decrease) 12-4 for explanation.
12-5. Refer to Problem

P6 = (99.436
0.10 x 1618) = 83.256 kPa
Po = (Po)st = (83.256/101 '325) = 0.822(Po).16 \/ = Wst
x0'822
(a)
Q
125
Po
m3/min
155
180
W
1
Po
W
1
Po
W
2000
Sea Level
lbuquerque
400
350
320
600
260
214
329
1110
263
1315
1644
nly to Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses wrk beyond h students enrolled in ourses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnsin of his permited by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 976 Unied Stes Copyrigh ctwihout he permission ofhe copyright oner is unlful.
(b)
(1600--1315) W = 10O = 17'ro/odecrease 1 600
223
12-6. (a)
This is at the limit of the good selection range. lt would be

better to choose a different fan.
(b) near perfect match with the fan capable of producing about
1.85 in. V/g. tota pressure at 10,000 cfm.
(c) A bad application and
out of the recommended range.
Would probably be unstable.
12-7
[From Fig. 12-9]
(a) No, fan (b) No,
is too small.
not a good application, fan is too large.
(c) YeS, near perfect appication; moderate fan speed,

high efficiency.
12-8.
150 m3/min, 4OO
Pa
[From
Fig 1 2-10J
W
= 2OOO ft/min
The fan would be acceptable and is reasonable.

1 =
55%; RPM = 85O;
W,
= 185o
12-9.
(a) At 1418 cfm = 1420 cfm, Ve

P" =
[+l' 4005,
-
o.zs
in. wg., Po =
P,
P,
= O.88 in. wg.
P.
= 0.88
0.25 = 0,63 in. wg.
518 in. wg.
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224
(b) From able
12-1 in col. For 5/8 in. wg.
The rpm is 1092 and power is 0.39 P
0.94
O.BB
\o10e2
rPm
0.80
1240
1420 cfm
12-10' (a)
(b)
Po = 3.0 + 0.3 + 0'20 = 3.50 in. wg.

desired
fanr ,' . tP {z'
svstem with svstem eifect factor
3.
3.CI
'osystem wlthout system

effect fator
iffu"
setection without system effect factor
Q cfm
't3,500
15,00
(c)
12-11.
13,500 to 14,000 cfm
/2istem, actual
,,f-r whiih tl
r ]08 fthe ]9
225
System eff. Factor 12-12' D" = (4 x 12 x
610
- 430
.1gO
pa
16l)112 = 15.6 in = 0.7,
ssume blast area ratio
Table 12-3
\/ V = 400(1 2 x 161144) = 5333 fVmin " One eff. Duct length = 5.3 diameters, table 12_2 or L" = 5.3 x '15.6 = 83 in. % ff ' Duct length = 100 x 30/83 = 36
Elbow in position C, Fig. 12-13

Ebow loss factor = 0'79, able 12-5
Po = 0.79(5333l4o0q2 = 1.40 in. wg.
12-13' V
= 4OO
0l
x 142l14 x 1aa)]
4,276 ftlmin
Duct length = 28 in.; R/D = 10.5114 = o.7s; L/D = 29114 = 2.0 Elbow and duct loss factor = 1.O, able 12-6
Po
1'0(4276l4ooq2 = 1'14 in. wg.

=
12-14' Blast area ratio
0.7, Tabe 12-3
D" = (4 x 20 x 2Ol)1l2 = 22'6 in.
= 1O,OOO
1441(20 x20) = 3,600 fVmin
L" = 3.6 dia., Table 12-2

L/Le
(0122.6)13.6 = 0.12
Co = 0.4,
Table 12-4
Po = 0. 4(3600l4ooq2 = O.32in. wg.
12-15' D" = (4 x 12 x 12l)1l2 = 13.5 in.

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226
V"
= 25001(12x 121144) = 2500 ft/min

=
One eff. Duct length
2.5 diameters,Table 12-2
L = 2.5 x 13.5 = 33.9 or 34 in. 12-16. From Problem 12-15, Vr= Ve = 2500 ft/min (assumed)
Po = C"(v /4005)2; Co = O.16/(250O t400q2 = O'41
From able 12-6, LlH = 4'3 Length = 4.3 x 12 = 51.5 in.
12-17. (a) he design condition and the observed condition are on

nearly the same system characteristic. Therefore, it is probable that the fan is not running at the desired speed
of about 920 rpm but at a lower speed of about 6'10 rpm.
(b) The fan is operating near the 920 rpm characteristic

but something related to the duct system has changed.
Possibly a damper is closed, a duct has collapsed or some

other obstruction is present.
(c)
Both the system and the fan characteristic have
changed. The duct system has probably

become fouled or slightly damaged is some way while
the fan speed has decreased slightly due to \ear and tear.
1.5x5000 = 1.62 12-18' Wsn,l = 16 HP; Wsh,2 6350x0.73
Diff
= rco(16_,!62) 16
= +O%
[decrease from 1 to 2!
puoses only to xerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-for-profit basis lor testing or instrutional his work beyond tht students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprductin or rnslion of permied by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh c |ithu he erfiissin f he cop1''igh oner is unfu.
227
12-19. (a) Assume 15,000 cfm is an equivalent value for the day.
Forfull load point 1: Wr
For part load cond.: Wp
= 16
= 6.7
x0.746x24=286.5 kwh
x
0]46 x24
= 120.Okwh
(28q'9_ ]20) x 286.5
'1OO
58o/o
(decrease)
(b) No, the fan would be forced to operate to the left of the maximum
pressure and would probably be unstable.
12-20' W l = 28.5 P; W z=
17
'5
HP
(static po\er used)
W =
(28'?:17 '5)
28.5
1OO
= 39o/o (decrease)
12-21. (a) Wr
28.5 x 0.746 x24 = 510 kwh
W,
= 27
W
(b) W,
=
=
'0 xO'746 x24 (510_:183)

510
1OO
=
483 kwh (vanes assumed " open)
= 5'3% (decrease) 483 kwh = 5'3% (decrease)
27 x0.746x24
(510_l_483) 51
W =
1OO
(a) and (b) essentialy the same.
12-22' The actual inside dimensions are 10 x 8 in. or D"
9.8 n., Table 12-7
For duct, unlined, Po/L = 1 .8 in. wg./100 ft (Fig. 12-21)
2ooox144 1 0x8
= 3600 fvmin
From Fig. 12-23, roughness corr. Factor = 1.51, then for the
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228
Po
lined duct, Po/L = 1 .8(1 .5'11 = 2'72 in' wg./100 ft. and
50 x2'72110 = '1.36 in. wg. or about 338 Pa
12-23. Po = (Po)rl X
P/P.l,
_]!}Ps P,rz
P = 0.491(29'42
0.0009 x 5000) = 12.236 psia
Po = 1.36(12'236114.696) = 1'13 in. wg. or about 282 Pa

12-24.
600 cfm
()
Dz = Ds = 10 in'', A2lA1= 0.6 = 3/Aa
|
tl
-=t'
Pd/L = 0.185 in. wg./100 ft; Fig' 12-21 Pzs = 0.1 85 x20l100 = .037 in. wg.
For contraction, AzlA = 0.6, Coz=
0'21
For expansion, A+/As = 1'67, Ca = O.80
Table 12-gA
=660ft/min
z=
Vs= - = 11OOfUmin; =Vgx ff (o1'

4112 )
= O.O16 in. wg.
600
'
Pz= 0'21(11}ol4oO5)2
Po = 0.80(660/4o05)2 = a'O22 in. wg.
Po = 0.037 + 0.016 + 0'022 = 0.075 in. wq.
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12-25' (a)
229 Bellmouth, Co = 0'2i brupt, Co = 0.5; Table 12-109 & 10

Pos = O'2(1ooo/4oo5)2 = O.o125 in' W9.
Pon = O.5(1oOo/4oO5)2 = O.0313 in. wg.
o/o
- 3.1 Pa
x7'8Pa
Diff .
(0'0313 - 0'0125) (1oo) = lsoo/o 0 0125
(b) Poa
= O'2(40O0l40oq2 = O.2O in. wg.
50 Pa
Pon = O.5(4OOol4ooq2 = O.50 in. wg'

o/o Diff.
124 Pa
(0.5
o.2\/
- 0.2) (1oo) =
15Oo/o
12-26. Table 12-8a, Co = 0.25 = 1200l[(la)x(1 4ln)2! = 1122'5 ftlmin Po O.25(1122.5l4oO5)' _ O.O2 in. wq.
V
o
also
Vo = 0'6l|@l(0.35)2] = 6'24 mls

Po
0.25(6.2411.2q2 = 5.8 Pa
Co = 0.15, Table 12-8b
12-27. (a)
Vo
Po
= 25OO
1441(16 x 16) = '1406 ftlmin
o.15(1 40614005)2 = O.O'185 in. wq.

=
or
Vo = 1.21(0.4 x 0.4)
7.5 m/s
Po = 0'15(7 '5l1'2q2 = 5.1 Pa
(b) Co = 1 '2 able 12-8C

Po = 1.2(140614005)2 = O.148 in. wq.
or
Po = 1'2(7.5l1'29)'= 40.6 Pa
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230
12-28.
a/a
c=
25O18OO = 0.3125
A/Ac=(6112)2=O.25
Co = 0.345, able 12-11A
V = 25Ol|(l4)(6t2)2]= 1273 ft/min

or
V = 0'12[(ila)(.15)2]
6.8 m/s
Po = 0.345(1 273t4o05)2 = O.O35 in. wg.
or
Po = 0.345(6 '8t1'2q2 = 9.6 Pa
Qr/Q=55O/80O=0.6875
S/Ac =
(0112)'= 0.694
C" = 0.135, Table 12-11A
V.
or
= 550l|(la)(0l12)'! = 1o8 ftlmin

= o.26ll(ila)(0.25)21 = 5.3 m/s
V,
Po" = O.135(1oO8/45)2 = O.OO9 in. wq.
or
Po" = O.135(5.3/1 2972 = 2'3 Pa
12-29.
From Problem 12-28
a/a
= O.31 25;
A/A"= 0'25
Vo = 1273 fVmin or 6.8 m/s

C = 0.93, able 12-11F
Poo = 0.93(1 273l4oo5)2 = O.O94 in. wq.
or
Po = O.93(6.811'2q2 = 25.8 Pa
Qr/Qc
= 0.6875; r/A" = 0.694
C,
= 0.135;
Table 12-118
V,
= lOOB fVmin or 5.3 m/s
Po, = O.135(1oOs/4oo5)2 = O.OO9 in. wq.

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or
Po, = o.135(5.3/1 29)2 = 2'3 Pa
231
12-30' (a) Ao/Al
= 6.0, = 180 deg., Co = 37'4,
Table 12-98
vr
o?9-0"'^!o = 2,ooo ft/min (18x18)

=
oVo
lVl,
Vo =
1,
x 2,O0O = 2000/6 = 333 fVmin
Po = 37.4(333l4o0q2 = 0.260 in. wq.
(b) Co = 14.35 (Table 12-98)

Po = 14.35(333t4ooq2 = O.O99 in. wq.
12-31.
ao/Q"
= 5OO/1OOO = O.5o
/A" = (812)'= o'444 S/c = (8/1 2)' = 0'444
Q,/Qc
= 500/1OOO = O'5
(a)
C = 0.755, Table
C" = O.2'15,
12-12A lnterpolation required 1 Table 12-12A l ASHRE Duct Fitting
or use Data
V = 50Ot|t4)(8t2)2]= 1432 ft/min
- v,
or or or
V= O.24l|(l4o.2)'] =7'64mls
Po = 0.755(1 4g2l4o05)2 = O.O97 in. w.
Poo = O'755(7 .64112972 = 26'5 Pa
Po, = O'215(1432I4OO5)2 = O.O28 in. wq. Po, = O'215(7.641129)2 = 7 '54 Pa
Excerpts f,rom this wrk may be reproduced by instructors or distributin n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin or trnstin of his work beyond h permied by Secons ] 07 or 08 of he ] 97 6 tJnied Ses Copyrigh c ithu the permission of he copyright ner is unlrwful.
55 72 20
0.'135
0.07 4
0.50
0.16 2.0
2(0.26) 2(0.26)
0.17
1020 630 550
0.032 0.004 0.038
0.034 0.013 0.003
0.140
0.057
0.051
233
35
14 13
2
3
0.055 0.050
0'40
0.010
12-33' L = D x Co/f; f
0.019, abe 12-13

ft
Bellmouth: L = 1 x0.210.019 = 10.5

brupt Int.: L = 1 x 0.5/0.019
=
26.3 ft
= 1OOO x l4 = 785 cfm; Po/L =
O.12in'wg'l1oo ft, Fig' 12-21

Pa
7'9 Pa
Pog = Pon =
0.12x 10'5l100
0.'12x26'3l100
= 0.0126 in. wg. or about 3.'1 = 0.0316 in. wg. or about
12-34' From Probem 12-26' Co = 0.25, D = 14 in'

Lu = DxC olfi f = 0.017 ,
Table 12-13
'= -
lx
12
0'25
0.017
= 17
'2ft
= 12OO cfm; P/L = 0.'13 in. wg./1OO ft
Po = 0.13 x 17 '2l100 = 0.022 in. wg. or about 5.6 Pa
Note: Most of following duct sizing problems can be solved with the computer
program, DUCT.
12-35. From Figure 12-36.
Excerpts frm this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instructional puoses only t students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproduction or rnstion f his ork beynd h permed by Sections ] 07 r ] 08 f he 976 United Stes Cpyright c |'ithu the permissin of he copyright oner is unlful.
234
Estimate Tota] quivalent Length of Run 1-2-3 to be approximately

132 ft, able 12-14' Then Po/Le = (0.13 x 1 00)1132
= 0.'10 in.
wg./100 ft size ducts using Figure 12-21 and record the
actual Po/L from Figure 12-21'
Section
No.
Le ft
a
cfm
D
in.
P/L
in. wq.
Pn in. wg.
100 ft
1
45
16
71
300 220
100 80
2
3
I I
6
5
0.084 .090 0.083 0.14
0.38
0.014
0.059 0.077 0.069
4
5
55 55
120
0.125
Run 1-2-5 actually has the greatest lost pressure. Pl = 0.038 + 0'077 Plzs = 0.038
0.115 in. wg.;
Pzs = 0.038 + 0.014 + 0.059 = 0.121 in. wg.

+
0.014 + 0.059 = 0.1'1
'1
in.
\/g.
12-36. The design pressure loss is (0.25 1-2-3-4-5, Le = 185 ft
0.1 ) = 0.1 5 in. wg. (for supply ducts) is:
Assume the run with the largest equivalent length
hen for design: Po/Le
(0'15 _ 0'03) x 1OO = 0.065 in. wg./'1oO ft 185
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235 Section has a total flow of 845 cfm. herefore, the maximum velocity in section wjl! be about 800 fVmin if a 14 in. duct is used.
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adpted. ny other repsluction or rnsion of his ork beyond th permitted by Sections ] 07 or 0B of the 1976 Unied Snrcs Copyright c wihout he permis\ o/*e copyright oner is unlwful.
236
12-36. (continued)
(a)
Section
No.
Le
ft
a
cfm
D
in.
P/L
in. w.
Pn in. wg.
100 ft
1
88
18 16 17
845
595 395 275 125
14
12 12
9
0.065 0.07 0.034 0.065 0.065 0.060 0.072 0.065 0.040
0.57 0.013 0.0054

0.0'1
1
2
3
4
5
46
51
0.030
0.031 0.031
6
7
250 200
120
150
I
8
43 49 49
I I
0.032 0.020
With the equal friction method, every branch should have a damper for
balancing purposes. ctual total pressure loss:

Po
P1 + P2 + P3 + Pa + Pu + Ps
Po = 0'146 in' wg'
Note that run 1-2-3-4-7 actualy has the greatest loss in total pressure
but the difference is not significant. Use Po = 0.15 in. wg.
(b)
Sizing of the longest run, 1 -2-3-4-5, is the same as (a) above where
Po/L = 0.065 in. wg./100 ft. Construct a new table as follows:
petmied by Secions 07 or 108 ofhe 976 Unied Ses Copyr4hc'!hou he permission fthe copyrigh oner is unrwfu.
Ecerpts fim this wrk may be reprodued by instructors tbr distribution on a not-for-pro1lt basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnsltin of his work beyond ht
---------------MAIN DUCT RUN

(1)
(2)
Le
ft.
BRNCH DUcS
(6) (7) (8) (e) Br. (10)
(1 1)
237
(1
(3)
(4)
(5)
(12) Pi
L
('10)100 (11)
3)
(14) D"/wxh
in.
(1
5)
Sec
No.
cfm
DJwxh
in.
P
L
v
fpm
Po
(2)(5)
Po
(7)
P
Poot
Le
ft.
fm
v
fpm
Se
No.
100
-(8)* P
BB
'18
845 595
14
12 12
0.065 0.070
0.034
800 760 500 600 500
0.057 0.013
0.057 0.070
f)
0.39
0.036 0.035 0.020
51
0.076
0.084
250 200
120 150
550
43 49 49
I
7
570
500
J 4
5
16 17
?o
275 125
0.005
.01'1
.75 .086
0.116
8 9
0.071 0.041
I
7
0.065 .065
420
46
0.3
ffuser G 0.030
0,146
The left 8 columns are the same as (a) above. The branches, 6-7-8-9,
are sized to balance in the right hand 7 columns.
(c)
Equal Friction Method
-- Design Procedure -Sysem type: Supp}y Duct Sizing Method: Equal Friction
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Ean Selection -Kno\n
Fan Parameter: F'an Tota ressure :
0.
250 in.
wg
Fan lrflow: Fan or Externa1 Total Pressure:
Coi1 Lost PreSsure: i1ter Lost Pressure: 0 . 000 in. Misc. Lost PreSSure: 0. in.
.25 in.
B45.0 cfm .25 in. . 0 in.
wg wg wg w wg
%
U AU
External Total Pressure:
AHU Pressure
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg - or 60.0 for Return System: 0.10 in. wg - or 40.0
-- Lost Pressure from ir HandJ_ng Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota1 Delta P (cfm) (1n. wg) 71 125.0
A.L20
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238
t6 30
34
22
120.a 200.0 250.A

B45.
150.0
0. 21
0. 130 0. t25
0.154
Total
-- Calculated Fitting D Fitt1ng Type
Vaues -Dia. ( in)

14. 14.
Q (cfm) 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 595. 250.0 B45. 595.0 395.0 20.0 595.0 395.0 215.0 L20.0 395.0 215.0 L25 .0 150.0 215.0 125 .0 L25 .0 L25 .0 L25 .0 15.0 1s0.0 15.0 15.0
15.0
]
Velocity (ftlmin)
'79.4
(in.
Delta
P wg)
(in.
AP
/L
wg)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Air andling Unit Straight Duct

lbow Elbow
0.0

0.0
.000
Conica Contraction
Tee / e
main branch
14. 72 .4
o
19A.4 '790.4 19A.4

565.
0.013
0. 13 0. 06 0. 05
0.06415
'75'7.6
0.006
0.018
0.
7 Straight Duct B Tee / wye

1 Tee
common
14.0
main branch
72 .0
9 Straight Duct / wye
conmon
10.0 8.0
main branch
comon
10.0 9.0
1
72 .0
11 Straight Duct 12 Tee / 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

lbow Elbow Elbow
,ye
Duct Duct
il?}l.n
conmon
Straight Straight
10.0 9.0 1.0 ?n 9.0 7.0

'7.0 1 .0
.0
19a.4 151 .6 124.2 573.0 151 .6 124.2 622.5 449.0 '724.2 622.5
461 .1 461 461 461 461
0.004
0.01_7
0.011_61
0.007 0.003
0. 16
0.08259
561.3 622.5
.1 .1
.'7
0.007 0.002 0.009 0.008 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.030 0.006 0.005 0.016 0.005 0.040 0.002
0. 11 0. 03
0.07138
0.05817
.05B17
. 8082 . B0B2
Diffuser / Grile Straight Duct Straight

Duct
7.0 1.0 7.0
.1
'1
Ebow
.0 1 .0
Elbow
bow
Diffser / Gr Straight Duct Diffuser,/ Gri11e Straight

Duct
561.3 561.3 561.3 561.3

449.0 449.a 449.0
?n 7. 7.0
L24.0 20.0 120.0

120 .0
0.05405
]-bo'
Elbow Elbow
Ebow
Diffuser / Grit Straight Duct Dlffuser / Gril
8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
20.0 2AA. 20.0

20.0
573.0 573.0 573.0 565.9 565.9 565.9
.036
.03
250.0 250.0 250.0

250.0
0.010 0.005 0.040 0.003 0.013 0.004

0. 50
0. 7106
0.06004
(c) Balanced Capacity Method

-- Design Procedure --
Ecets from this wrk may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing r instrutional puoses only to students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproducion or rnstion of his rk beyond h permied by Sectins ] 07 or l 08 f the 1976 United Stes Copyright c withu he permissin of he cpyright oner is unlful.
____
System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity Rounding Method: Round Nearest
239
-- Fan Selection -Known Fan
Parameter: Fan Total Pressure :
0.250 in.
in. in. in. in.
wg wg wg
^rq
wg
Fan irflow: Fan or External Total ressure:
Coi Lost Pressure: E'iter Lost ressure: Misc. Lost PreSSure :
.250 0.00 0.000 0 . 00
B45.0 cfm
HU AU HU
xterna1 Total Pressure:
.25 in.
wg
%
%
Pressure for Suppy System: 0'150 in. wg - or 60.0 Pressure for Return System: 0.10 in. wg - or 40.0
-- LoSt Pressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser _Diffuser D Q Tta Delta P (cfm) (in. wq) L] 22 26 30 34 Total -125.0 150.0 720.0 200.0 250.0
845.0 0.138
.154
0.145 0.140 0.141
Cal cu-Lated
Fitting Values -Dia. (in) Q (cfm) 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 595 . 0 250.0 845. 595.0 395.0 200.0 595.0 395.0 215.0 720.0 395.0 215 '0 \25.0 150.0 21 5.0 Velocity (ftlmin) 0.0 '790.4 190.4 190.4 '190.4 '7 57 .6 116.2
'790.4
'751
D Fitting Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 Air Handling Unit Straight Duct Conicaf Contraction E}bow trlbow main Tee / Wye branch
Deta P (in. wg)

0.00
(in.
P/L
wg)
0. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 1'2 .0 8.0 common 14. 72.a 7 Straight Duct 10.0 8 Tee / \Ne main branch 1 .0 common 72.0 10.0 9 Straight Duct 9.0 10 Tee / Wye main branch 6.0 common 10.0 9. 11 Straight Duct 6.0 L2 Tee / Wye main branch 1 .0 conmon 9.0
0.013
0.013
.006
.06415
0.006
0 . 005
0.016
0.07167
.6 124.2 1 48.4 15'1 .6 -124.2 622'5 6lL.2

124.2
.07
0.004 0.016
0.03 .013
0.007 0.07
0.003 0.009
0.08259
622.5 636.6 561.3

622.5
0.07138
Excets from this rork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution n a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductiol1 or trnsaton f his work beyond tht permitted by Sections ] 07 r 08 f the t 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh ct ||1thout he pemissin of the copyrigh oner is uncwful.
240
0.72304 L4 Elbow
13 Straight
Duct
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 /.u 7.0 1.0 6.0

6.
125 .0 L25 .0 L25 .0
636.6
636.6 636 .6 636 .6
0.016 0.004 0.005 0.007

.030
15 Sraight Duct 76 lbw l1 Diffuser / Grille

1
1r
1,25
0.72344
.0
8 19 2a 27 22 23 24 25 26
Elbow
Sraight
Elbow
Duct Duct
Straigh
Elbow
150.0 150.0
15.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
El-bow
Straight Straigh
lbow
Duct
2"7
Diffuser / Grile
Elbow Duct
6.0
28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
1.4 1.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
Strarght Duct
Diffuser,/ Grille
150.0 1"20 .0 120.0 t2a .0 120.0 200. 200.0 200.0 200. 250.0 25.0 250.0 250.0
561.3 561.3 561.3 561.3 6tt .2 6L7.2 6L1.2 148.4

'1
"7
0.006 0.00s 0.016 0.005 0.040 0.004 0.023 0.006 0.036 .005
0.08082
.08082
0.L427
48 .4
0.009
0. 40
^ ^41
nT q
0.13629
'716.2 1L6 .2 ' 16 .2
0.005
0.007 0.050
0.10661
12-37. Pos + Pon = .70 _ 0.35 = 0.35 in. wg.
Pos = 0.65(0.35) = 0.23 in. wg. Po

^y
0.35 _0'23 = 0.12 in. wg.
he method of Solution is similar to Problem 12-36' An acceptable solution follows:

(a)
Longest run
-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-1
-13
The summation of equivalent lengths may vary v/ith designers.

Po/Le
=
(0.23
217
- 0.03) 100
0.092 in. wg./'100 ft
Size all Suppy ducts for this pressure loss per unit length.
basis for testing or instructional puoses only t Ecrpts from this work may be reproduced by instructrs for distibution on a not-for-profit his work beyond h in courses for whih the tXtbook has been adopted' ny other reproductin or rnsltion f students enrolled is unlful' 1976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh't ct ihout he peimission of he copyright oner pe,rmed by Sections ] 07 r l o7 ,r,
241
1200
1
16 14 14 12 12 12 10
150 100 100
2
3
050
850
4
5
750
650 550 475 225 175
50
75
100
b
7
8
200
I
7 5
9 10
11
125
50 75 50
6
5
12 13 14
6
5
basis for testing or instrutional puoses only xerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit of his work beyond th in courses for wt'ih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnsl(tion students enrolled is unful' 976 United Stes Cpyrigh't ct lithou the peimissin ofhe copyrigh oner permied by Secins ] 07 or l i7 in,
----=12-42. (continued)
9,rE
ci.
cE -O
(/)
c) o o o o o o ...-
t*
(o
o c c{
o (o
c{
(o
-.l
N'
rf
f) ol l ^
o o c.l
(o
o o o
c)
--
la
.l
I; |
l(J
lcs
lo l-o
o
f, |
lo IO
()
l
!.t
o
)
ci
) C.l
c!
c)
\-
c;
c!
C.l
c.l
C.l
(
t-
t ]
.J o O )
C
.-
.t
.-
a)
(r)
*-*u{
-*
O
-l-
cj
c;
co
.-
o (o
ci
ci
)
ci
(\
c.l
ci
ci
c{
l> tt.lg l l= l l l ] lc l l IL
I()
l)
E o
lc
o 2
co
.l
c\l
\r
o
o
= o
(o
c -
ds
^l^
l-c l) l-c
I
ti-
c;
v O
)
(o
ci
(o
) (o
c)
o o o ci ci o v ) o c! o ( cf) o o $ o o I ci c;

(o
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12-37. (continued)
Po for the longest run will be about 0'22 in. wg' for the above sizes"
herefore, size the return system for a pressure loss of (0.35 _0'22)
or 0.13 in. wg.
For the return system:
(L")r* x 230 ft,
('1
2r
3r)
then Po lL"= r0'13-__0'05'] ''oo = O.O35 in. wg./'1oo ft
230)
Using the equal friction method: Section

No.
1r
a
cfm
D
in.
L"
ft
P"/L
Po
in. wg.
1200 800 400
18
'16
115
70
0.038 0.033 0.36 0.036 0.036
0.044
0.023
0.0'16
2r 3r
12 12 12
44
14
4r
5r
400
400
0.005 0.010
28
Return system is the same for parts (a) and (b).

Po for return = 0.133 in.
\Mg.
(c) Equal Friction Method

-- Desiqn Procedure -System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Equal- riction Rounding Method: Round Neares
-- Ean Seection -Known an Parameter: an Total Pressure :
0.700 in.
wg
244
an Airflow: Fan or Externa Total Pressure:
0.700 in. Coil Lost Pressure: 0.25 in. F'iter Lost Pressure: 0 . 10 in. isc. Lost resSure: 0.00 in.
1000.0 cfm
wg wg wg wg
^rg
HU AU AHU
Externa1 Total Pressure:
0.350 in.
Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 Pressure for Return System: 0.123 in. wg - or 35.0
-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unlt to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Total Deta (cfm) (in. wg) 2'7 30 34 38 56 60 63 61 12 15 Total 75. 75. 75.0 s0.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 200.0 150.0
1000.
0.221 0.201
0.272 0.171 0.158 0.171 0.L42 0.2a2 0.131
0.21
-_ Calculated Fittin Values -D itting Type
Dia. (in)
Q (cfm)
Veocity (ftlmin)
Delta P (in. wg)

0.000 0.011 0.061
(in. wg) ^P/L

0.08745
ir andling Unlt .0 Conical- Contraction 14.0 Straight Duct 14.0 Tee / wye main l2.a branch 1 .0 conon 14.0 5 Straight Duct 12.0 6 Tee / Wye main 12 .0 branch 1 '0 conmon L2 '0 7 Straiqht Duct l2.0 B Tee / vfrze main 10.0 branch 6.O common L2.0 9 Straight Duct 10.0 10 Tee ,/ Wye main 10.0 branch 6.0 conon 10.0 11 Straight Duct 10.0 L2 Tee ,/ Wye main 9. 0 branch 6.0 connon 10.0 13 Straight Duct 9. 0
1 2 3 4
1000.0 0. 1000.0 935.4 100.0 935.4 850. 082.3 15. 561.3 1000.0 935.4 850.0 L082.3 650 . 0 82'7 .6 2a0.0 1 48.4 B50.0 1082.3 650.0 B2'7 .6 550.0 1008.4 1OO.O 5O9.3 650.0 821.6 550.0 1008.4 450.0 825.! 100.0 509.3 550. 1008.4 450.0 825.7 350 . 192 .2 100. 509.3 450.0 825.L 350 . 0 1 92.2
0.007
O. O1O
.058
0 . 008*<10>
0.003
0.13819
.09 .37 0.
0.005 6
0.08429
O. O1O*<10>
0.15164
0.064
0.004
a.024
0.
O .
0.10485
014
0. 11082
Excerpts from this work may be reproducd by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin of trnsltion of his ork beynd th permied by Secions 07 or l08 fthe 976 Unied Stqes Copyright c'|)ihout the permission ofthe cpyrigh oner is unlcrwful.
14 Tee 15 L7 18 19 20 27 22 2? 24 25 26 2'l 28 29 3 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 38 53 54 55 56 51 58 59 6 6L 62 63 64 65 66 61 6B 69 70 11 12 13 14 15 16
main 8. branch 5.0 common 9.0 Straight Duct B.0 bow B.0 Straight Duct 8.0 Tee ,i Wye main B.0 branch 4.0 common 8.0 Straight Duct B.0 7.0 Tee / Wye main branch 5.0 conmon B.0 1 .0 Straight Duct T / n1lzo main 5.0 branch 5. conmon 1.a lbow 5. Straight Duct 5. Rectangular Transition 5. Diffuser / Grile Straight Duct 5.0 Rectangular Transition 5. Diffuser / Grille Elbow 5.0 5. Straiqht Duct Rectanguar Transition 5.0 Dif fuser / Gril-le Elbow 4.0 4.0 Strarght Duct Rectangular Transition 4.0 Dif fuser ,/ cril1e Elbov 5.0 Straiqht Duct 5.0 Rectanguar Transition 5.0 Diffuser / cril1e 1bow 6.0 Straight Duct 6. Rectangular Transition 6.0 Diffuser / cri]e Straight Duct 6. Rectangular Transition 6. Diffuser / Gri1e E1bow 6.0 Straight Duct 6.0 Rectangular Transition 6.0 Diffuser / Gril]_e '7 .A Straight Duct 1.0 Elbow 1 .0 Straight Duct Rectangu1ar Transition 1 .0 Diffuser / Gritle Straight Duct 1 .0 Rectangular Transition 7.0 Dif fuser ,/ Grille Elbow 8.0
,/
f / li
Wye
215.a 75. 35. 215.0 215.0 215.0 225.a 5. 215.4 225.a 150.0 75.0 225.0 150.0 75.0 75.0 150.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75. 75.0 75.0 75.0 50.0 50.0 5.0 50. 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 200.0 200.0 20. 20. 20. 150.0 150.0 150.0 215.0
.8 1B1.B 181 .B 644.6 573.0 l1i .B 644.6 561.3 550.

'7B1
192.2
.8 550.0
"781
0.019
. 05
245
0.7268'7 0.L268'7
0.013
a
0.08
0.06
.021
.09*<10> 0.
561.3 550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 210.a 550.0 210.a 55.0 550.0 21a.0 573.0 573.0 180.0 550.0 550. 210.0 509.3 509.3 360.0 59.3 36.0 509.3 509.3 360.0 148.4 148.4 48 ' 4 120.0
"7
644.6
0.003 0.011 0.002 0.007 0.006

0.05 0.05 0.06
07
0.0880
0.018
0.08082
561.3
0.072
.11869
0.030 0.025 0.005 A.025 0.007

.010
0.07 .018 0.017 0.01B

0.005 0.030 0.004 0.003 0.045
.003 0.04
0.11869
0.11869
0.16916
0.020 0.006
0.11869
0.008
a.0122l
a.0B221'
0.072 0.008 0.02'7

0.001 0.045 0.001
.020
0
0.032
0.003
0. 45
a.08221-
0.013
0.l.3629
0.1-3629
.a21
561.3 54.0
181
0.032
0.005
0.08082
.B
* - De}ta P fas computed using
the fitt1ng
equivalent lenqth
Balanced Capacity Method

Exets from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enlled in ourses or whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny ther reproduction or trnslion of his rk beyond tht pernied by Secions ]07 or l 08 f the ]976 Unied Sttes Copyright c hout he permissin f he cpyrigh owner is unlcrful.
246
-- Desiqn Procedure -Note that almost al branch ducts need a damper to increase the diameter and reduce ve1city.
System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Fan Selection -Known F'an Parameter: Ean Tta1 Pressure
0.700 in.
wg wg wg wq wg
wg
an irflow: Fan or xternal Total Pressure:
100. cfm
Coi Lost Pressure: Filter LoSt Pressure: Misc. Lost Pressure:
.7 in.
0.25 in. 0 . 10 in. 0.000 in. 0.350 in.
HU
External Total ressure:
AHU Pressure HU Pressure
for Supply System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 for Return System: 0.L23 in. wg - or 35.0
-- Lost Pressure from ir Handling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser lD Tota Delta Q (cfm) (in. wq)
P
2'7 30 34 3B 56 60 63 61 12 15 Tota
75.0 75.0 75.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 100. 100.0 20.0 150.
100.0
0.221 0.243 0.232 0.219 0.285

0.25'7
0.271 0.2L2
0.202 0.17
-- Cacuaed iting Vafues -D ltting Type 1 2 3 / ir and1ing Unit Conical Contraction Stralght Duct .aa / l.,o main branch counon 5 Straight Duct 6 Tee / wye main branch Dia. (in) .0 .0 14. 72.a 6. 14.0 l2.0 !2.a 1.a
14
Q (cfm) 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 850.0 15O . O 1000.0 850. 650.0 20.
Veocrty (ftlmin) 0.0 935.4 935.4 L082.3 1 63 .9 1-082.3 821.6 '748.4

935.4
Deta P
0.000 0.011 0.010
O. O57
(in. wg) (in. wg) ^P/L 0.007 0.03

0.08745
0.058
.O8*<1O>
0.13819
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a nt_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrled in ourses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reProduction or rnsin of his work beyond h permied by Secins 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrighl ct ihou he pemission of he cpyrigh olner is uncrful.
7 Straight Duct B Tee / wye 9 Straight Duct 10 Tee / Wye 11 Strarght

'r ^^ 99
/
conmon
72 .0
1_2
main
branch
conmon
10.0
.0
85.0 650.
082.3 145.9
247
0.005 0.009 0.039 0.006 0.08429
L2 .0
o
4.
main
branch
conmon
maln
10.0 10.0 10.0

1.0
650.0 550.0 450.0 100.0

55.
10.0
821 .6 1008.4 821 .6 10B.4 825 .7 1145. 9
/ rîr7^ ly
Duct
branch
conon
13 Straight Duct main 74 Tee / Wye 5

L1
LB
branch
Elbow
Straight
Duct Duct
conmon
L9
20
Tee / Wye
Straight
main branch
a1n
2L
22
Straiqht
/ l1lr^ ]
Duct
conmon
branch
common
9.0 4.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 4.0 on 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 4. 8.0 8.0 7.0
o.u
450.0 350.0 10.0 450.0 35. 275.0 75.0 350.0 t1\ a
10B.4 825.L 192.2 1145. 9 825.1 -7q2 2 181 .8 859.4

1A) 181 181 181
'7
0.010*<10> a .062
0.15164
0.004 0.005 0.031 0.014 0.005 0.017
.104B5
0.11082
' tr
215.0 225.0 50.0
215 .0 aa tr
5.
23
Straight Duct Tee / Wye

Elbow
main branch
conon
24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 38 53 54 55 56 51 58 59 60 67 62 63 64 65 66 61 68
1.4 4.0 5.0 ?n

5.
Rectangufar Transition
Straight
Duct
tr1bow
Diffuser / crille Straight Duc Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Gritle

Rectangular Transition
Elbow
5.0 5.0
150.0 75.0 225.0 15.0 75. 75. 150.0 75.0 75.0

?tr
4.0
4. 5.
tr
Straight
Ducc
75.0 75.0 75.0 75.
573.0 81 .8 644 .6 561.3 550.0 644 .6 561.3 859.4 550.0 561.3 55.0 550.0 210 .0 859.4 214 .0 550.0 214 .0
550.
.8 .8 644 .6
.8
0.006 0.008 0.013
0.L2681 0.!268'7
0.009*<10> 0 .021
0.07
0.003 0.011
0.007 0.007
. 880
0.018
.006
0.08082
0.at2
0.00s 0.030
0
0.11869 0.35266
9.02!
0.025
.006 .024
Diffuser / Grille
75.0 75.0
75.
5.
0.018
.05 0. 25 0. 7
0.11869
Elbow
Straight Duc Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Grille

Recangufar Trans1tion Diffuser / Gri1e
bow
4.0 4.0
\
Straigh Sraigh
Duct
4.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.0

ol
50.0 50.0 75.0 75.0

75.
'tr
50.
573.0 573.0 180.0

859.4 859.4 210 .0 1145.9 1145.9 360.0
L1_45
0.017
0.010 0.020 0.015
.424 0.03 0 .021
0
.16916
.053 0.060
0.042 0.045
0
0.35266
Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Gri]e

bow
Duct
10.0 10.0
10.
0.59144 0.59144
Straight Duc Rectanqular Transition Diffuser / Grille

Scraight Duct Rectangular Transition
4. 4.
Diffuser / crille Straight Duc
4.0
7.
100.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 20.
360.0
9
.9
0.090
0.032 a2'1
.042
1145.
7L45 .9
360.
0.06
0.042 0.045
0.59'744
148.4
a.021
0.!3629
Exerpts from this work may be reprduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprducin or rnstion f this ork beynd th permitted by Sections ] 07 r l 08 f the 1 976 United SteS Copyrigh c'withou he permission of the cpyrigh owner is unlful.
248 70 lt 12 13 14 15 16
']48.4 200.a 0.013 1.0 69 Ebow 148.4 0.02'1 0.1-3629 1 .0 200.0 Straight Duct 120.0 0.001 20.0 Rectanguar Transition 1 .0 0.045 200.0 Diffuser / Gril-le '7 150.0 0.069 0.17139 6. 63.9 Straight Duct 150.0 0.007 540.0 Rectangular Transition 6. .020 150.0 Diffuser / Gri1e '7B'7.B 0.05 2'75.a B.0 Ebow * - Delta was computed using the fitting equivalent ength
Return Ducts, Equal Friction Method

-- nj ^_ D:ocedure
vYl L ]
__
System type: Return Duct Sizing Method: qual Friction Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Fan Seection -Known an Parameter: an Tota1 Pressure
0.700 in.
wg wq wg wg wq
wg
Fan irfow: Fan or External Ttal ressure:
Coil Lost Pressure: iter LoSt Pressure: Misc. Lost Pressure:
1200,0 cfm .7 in' .25 in.
0.100 in. 0.000 in. 0.350 in.
AU AU U
xternal Tota1 Pressure:
Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 Pressure for Return System: 0.123 in. wg - or 35.0
% %
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota Delta P (in. wg) (cfm) 11 14 l"7 400.0 400.0 400.
0.125 0.113 0.096
Tota1 120.0 _- Cacu1ated F'itting Vaues -_

TD
Fitting Type
Dia. (in)
0. 18.0 1B.0 1'2.a 16.0 18.0 16. 12.0 \2.0 16.0
Q (cfm) 1200.0 72A0.0 L200.a 400.0 800.0 1200.0 800.0 4.0 400.0 800.0
Velocity (ftlmin) .0 679.1 619.1 509.3 573.0 0 509.3 509.3

573 '
LP/L Delta P (in. wg) (in. wg)

. 0
1 2 3 4
ir Handllng Unit Rectangular Transition Straight Duc main Tee / \ye branch colmon 5 Straight Duct main 6 Tee / wye branch conmon
0.001
0.002
0.026 0.026
0.0]-5
0.03512
679.1
0.006
0.013
0.03a24
573.0
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th permited by Sectins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 United Stes Cpyright c ithou the permission f he copyright oner is unfu.
7 Stralght Duct 0. 3476 B Elbow 9 Straight Duct 10 Rectangular Transition 11 Diffuser / crile 72 Straight DucL 13 Rectangular Transition L4 Diffuser / Grile 15 Straight Dct 16 Rectangular Transition 11 Diffuser / Gri-1e
. 03
12 .0
400.0
4.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
12 .0
509.3 400.0 s09.3 l-00.0

59.3
0.007 509.3
249
0
L2 .0 L2 .0
L2 .0 L2 .0
400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0
100.0 509.3
100.
L2.A L2 .0
0.001 0.014 0.050 0.001 0.014 0.050 0.003 0.014

0.05
.034'7
0.03476 0.03476
12-38. The three branches from the plenum must be designed as close as
possibe for the Same preSSUre ]oss. Start \/ith B since it appears
to be more extensive than or c.
0.18
For B: Po/Le =[
For
145
142 0.18
- 0.025
'100 = 0.107 in. wg./100 ft '100 = 0.109 in. wg./10 ft
Po/Le
=(
=(
0.18-0. 025
0. 025
For
C: P"/L"
104
100 = 0.149 in. wg./100 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproductin or trnstion of his wrk beyond h permited by SecioS ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrigh ct ithou the pemission of he cop1',"igh oner is unlcrful'
250
12-38. (continued)
MA|N DUc RUN
BRNC DUCTS
(6) (7)
(8)
(1)
(2) Le
ft.
(3)
(4)
(5)
(e) Br.
(1
0)
(11)
Le
ft.
(12) Pi L
(1 0)1
(13)
(14)
De in.
(1
5)
Se.
No.
cfm
D"
in.
P
L
v
fpm
Po
(2)(5)
Po (7)
Pi
Po6+
cfm
v
fpm
Sec
o.
actual
*r"
100
1
-(8)+
-P
00
(1 1)
8 o
44 22 25
54
500
12 10
7
.057 .085
0.1
1
650
700 630
.025
.019
025 .044
.072 0.119
14
10
0.094
55
0.171
125
b
7
660
760 550
375
175
100
0.75
0.047
52 38
0.144
0.124
200
75
11
o28
.047
12
IJ
.87 P
520
Tot
1
145 50
19
.025
760 700 59 530
0 144
0.048 .ubb .086
.
40
300
10
.095 .92
.048
0.018 0.02 0.046 0.025
0.084
38
0.221
0.1
100 100
'100
b o
750
510
500
0.66
0.046
48
q7
38
Tot. 15 17 Tot.
25 48 142 56 48 104
200
100
o
8
.095 P
0.8'1
t5z
157
225
100
7
^
17
850 510
0.095
0.04'1
.095
'136 161
to
0.041
38
0.1 8
125
610
.085 P
0.025
Note that the resulting total pressures losses turn out to be:
(Po)a = 0.144 in.wg., (Po)n = 0.157 in. wg.; (Po)c = 0.161 in.
\g.
Within the accuracy of the calculation these are appoximately equal'

It
may be necessary to use a damper in branch B, sec. 8.
12-38. Branch A, Balanced Capacity Method

__
Jf
)q
- pocedure -Y11 ! l
System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity Rounding Method: Round Neares __ an Sefection -_
Known an Parameter: Plenum Tota1 ressure
0.1B0 in.
wg
Fan irflow:
40.0 cfm
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrolled in ourses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or trnsion of this ork beynd ht permittec by Secions ]07 or 08 ofthe ]976 Unied Stes Cpyright cihou he permission ofhe cpyrigh owner is unlwful.
Fan or External Total Coil Lost E'iter Lost Misc. Lost

AU HU U
Pressure reSSure Pressure Pressure
.269 1n. 0.000 in. 0.000 in. 0.00 in. 0.269 in. 0.180 in. 0.089 in.
wg
1^rg
251
wg
\^rg
1^rg
Pressure for Supply System Pressure for Return System
wg wg
or or
33 0%
6'7
0%
Lost re$-sure from ir Handling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D

15 19 23 29
1
(cfm) 100.0 100. 100.0

100.
r^-^1 Od-L
(in.
n^l -^ reLd
n r
wg)
0.171 0.155 0.141 0.187
Total
400.0
-- Calculated Fittlng D itting Type
Values -Dia.
(in
)
(cfm)
4.
Velocity ( ftlmin)
.0 905.4 905.4 905.4 905.4
Delta P (in. wg)

0.000 0.011 0.003 0.011 0.014 0.006 0.039
(in. wg) ^P/L
1 2 3 4 5 6
ir Handllng Unit Conlcal Contraction Straight Duct

Elbow
0.
9.
9. 9.0
40.
400.0
40.
0.
14157
Stralght Duct Tee / wye main
branch
7 Straight Duct 8 Tee / wye main
conmon
8.0 5.0
tr
qn
branch
8.0 1.4
'7.0
on
400.0 300.0 100.0 400.0 200.0 100.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 100.0
200. 30.0
Qo /
0.14157
733.4 on / 859.4
t48.4
0.018
0.005 0.020 0.016 0.004
0.
]_3
0.14878
9 Straiqht Duct 10 Tee ,/ Wye main 11 72 13 1'4 15 16 t'7 18 79 2A 2L 22 23 24 2- 28

E1bw
conmon
8.0
branch
conmon
Straigh Straight
Duct Duct
Recanguar Transition
Ebow
5.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
7?? I a o 1 148.4 133.4

1))
0.1_3629
100.0 100.0
10.
148.4 133.4
1aa 1))

1.0
Diffuser / Grille
Duct
10.0
360.
7??
a 1a
Rectanquar Transition 5.0

Efbow
Sraight
n
tr
Diffuser / cr1le
Duct
Rectanguar Transition 5.0 Diffuser / cri]_e
Straiqht
5.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

10.
0.020 0 .0!2 0.016 0.010 0.025

0.07
0.1_9911
0
.1997'7
36.0
5.0 Sraight Duct Butterfy Damper 5. RectanguJ-ar Transition 5.
100.0 100.0 100.0

10.
???
aa1
360.0
111 1" 1
0.016 0.010 0 .425 0.007 0.016

0. 10
0.99'71
0.L9911
0.3-991"7
10.
100.0
360.0
a.025 0.016 0.058

0. 10
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distributin on a not_for_profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnslain of his work beyond h permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ]976 Unied SeS Copyrgh ct'wihou he permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlfu.
252
29 Diffuser / Grille
100.0
0.025
Branch B, Balanced Capacity Method

Desgn Procedure _-- -\.
System tye: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity Rounding Method: Round Nearest
/ t"
-- an Sefection
nown Ean
__
Parameter: Plenum Total Pressur : 500.0 cfm .18 in.
0.180 in.
wg wg wg
Wg
wg
Fan irflow: Fan or xternal Total Pressure:
AHU AU AHU
Coil Lost ressure: i1ter Lost Pressure: Misc. Lost Pressure: External- Total Pressure:
000 in. 0.000 in. 0.00 in.

0.
0.180 in.
wg
% %
Pressure for SuppJ_y System: .18 in. wg - or 1OO.O Pressure f or Return System: 0 . 000 in. \^g - or .
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota De]ta P (crm1 (1n. wg) 13 L6 19 23 Total 10.0 75.0 200.0 125.a
50.0
0.185 0.179 0.\42

.15B
-- Calculated ittin Vaues -D itting Type 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9

A1r andling Unrt Conica Contraction Straight Duct 'aa / ;l',o main
Dia. (in)
Q (cfm) 500.0 50.0 500.0 375.0 25.O 500.0 375.0 2.0 175. 375.0 175.0 175.0 75. 1.0 175.
Velocity (ftlmin) 0.0 916.1 976.1 848.8 636.6 B4B.B 1O18.6 891.3 891.3 891.3 859.4 '733.4
B91.3 84B.B 916.7
Delta P (in. wg)

. OOO . O11
(in. wg) ^P/L

0.72'723
0. 10.0 10.0 9.0 branch 6.O corrion 1.0 Straight Duct 9.0 Tee / wye main 6. branch 6.0 conmon 9. Elbow 6.0 Straight Duct 6.0 Tee / wye main 4.0 branch 5.0 conmon 6.0
0. 18 O.06
O.o42
.OO9
0.019
0.019
0.008
0.725"75
O.014
0.020
0.OO6
0.22175
xcets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors fr distribution on a not-1br-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enolled in ourses for which the textbk has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or rnslion of his ork beyond th permied by Sections ]07 r 08 fhe 1976 Unied Sttes Copyright chou he permission fthe copyrigh olner is unrwfu"
10 11 \2 13 L4 15 16 71 18 19 20 27 22 23
Diffuser,/ Gril1e Straight Duct Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Gri1e Straight Duct Rectanguar Transition Diffuser,/ Grile Straight Duct Butterfly Damper Rectangular Transition Diffuser / critle
n Straight Duct RectanguJ-ar Transition 5.0

4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0
b.u 6.0 6.0
El-bow
5.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 200.0 200.0

200 .0 125 .4
'733.4
1?2'
10.0
360.0
210 .0
859.4
1018
120 .0
.6
1-25.0
1o
L2s.A
636.6 636.6 450.0
0.007 0.028 0.010 0 .025 0 .028 0 .025 0 .025 0.041 0.014 0.025 0 .0L2 0.044 0.005
a
253
0.1_99'71
0.35266
0
.29022
0.72304
.02s
Branchffilanced Capacity
Method
-- Design rocedure -System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
-- an Se1ecion -Knotn Ean Parameter: Plenum

F.an
Total Pressure : 180 00 0 . 000 0.000

0.
.
0.180 in.
wg wg
\^g
wg
or External Total Col Lost Filter Lost M1sc. Lost
an irfw: Pressure: Pressure: Pressure: ressure:
225.0 cfm
in. in. in. in.

ln. in.
wg wq
\.^/g
AU HU AHU
Xterna1 Tota1 Pressure:
0.
18 in.
0
ressure for Supply System: Pressure fr Return System:
0.180
0.
wg
or or
10.0 z
.C)
-- Lost Pressure from ir andlinq Unit to Diffuser Diffuser D a Totat Deta (cfm) (in. wg)
1-4
1B
10.0 725.0
aatr
.191
0.186
Total
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin
Values -Dia. (in

8.
)
D Fitting
Type
(cfm)
225
Velocity
(
ftlmin)
O. 644
Delta P (in. wq)

O. OOO
(1n.
AP
/L
wg)
O . OO5 Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reproducion r rnslion of this ori beyond-h permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 Jnited Sttes Copyrigh ct ihout he permissin of the copyrigh oner is untwfu'
1 Air Handling Unit 2 Conical Contraction
0.0
225.A .0
O .6
254
4 Butterfly Damper 5 Straight Duct 6 Elbow 7 Straight Duct 8 Elbow 9 Straight Duct 1 Tee / Wye main 11 72 13 74 15 71 18
Efbow
0.08800
3 Stralght
Duct
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.0

22\
225 .0
644
.6
0.003
644 .6 644 .6 644 .6 644 .6

644 .6
na tr n
225 .0 225 .0
C1
branch
co'mon
Straight
Duct
8.
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

6.
225.0
1.
.0 10.0
1_25
Diffuser / Grille Sraight Duct Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Grile
Rectanguar Transitj-on
100.0 10.0 100.0

14tr
644 .6 636.6 509.3 644 .6 509.3 509.3 360.0
0.003 0.011 0.003 0.003 0.02s

o.
0.003 0.004 0.006 .005

.006
0.!12
0.08800 0.08800 0.08800
oo7
o. 0822L
L25 .0 L25 .0
636.6 450.0
0.010
0.00s 0 .025
0.12304
12-39. Solution follows Example 12-14 closely. 12-40 Solution follows Exampte 12-14 closely
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her )eproducion or rhion of his wrk beyond h permied by Secins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 (]nied Sttes Copyrigh c ihou he peission of the cpyrigh
oer ii
unw'ful.
12-41.
255
SF
2
1
F
M
Po=o
1
c
A
8,,
=
Supply fan: Po
4 in. wg.
Return fan: Po = 1.75 in. wg.

12-42.
SF
2 S
1
Space Pressure S
P=0
-1
-2
le
Fan, Po = 5.75 in. wg.

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257 12-43.
4
RF
M
P=0
-1
-2
Supply fan: Po
4 in. wg.
Return fan: Po = 1.75 in. wg. 12-44.

6
SI 4
P=0
-1
-2
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instructional purposes ony to students enrolled in urses for whih th txtbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or rnslion f his rk beyond th pemited by Secions ] 07 r ] 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyright c ithout he permission of the cpyrigh oner is unw/ul'
258 Fan, Po = 5'75 in. wg.

12-45.
(a)
ssume a reasonable duct velocity of about '1200 fpm. Po/L

in. wg./100 ft. and D" = 18 in. (may be converted to
= 0.095
20x14
in. for
example) For the duct: P
(0.095 x 40)1100 = 0.038 in. wg.
For elbows: Co = O.15; P" = 2x o.15(118O/4OO5)2 = 0'026 in. wg. For damper: Co = O.52, P = 0'52(118o/4OO5)2 = 0.045 in. wg. For grille: P, = 0'25 in. wg For expansion: Vo = V.'(A.'/o) = 118Ol2 =59O fpm
Pu
1'2(59ol4oo5)2 = 0.026 in. wg.
overall: Po
Po
= 0.038 + 0.026 + 0.045 +
0'25
0.026
.385 in. wg.
(b)
For 18 in. duct with 1,00 cfm, P/L = 0'027 in. wg./10 ft
For duct: P6 = 0'027 x 401100 = 0.01 1 in. wg. For elbows: P" = 2x0'15(59ol4og5)2 = 0.006 in. wg. For grile: P, = O'25(1Qoo/2o)2 = 0.063 For expansion: Vo = 59012 = 295 fpm
P" = 1'2(295l4oO5)2 = O.OO7 in. wg.

xerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instrutors or distribution on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted- ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h permitted by Sections 07 r 108 fthe ]976 Uniled Stes Copyrigh cwihu he permissin fthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
For damper: P6 = 0.385 _ (0.01
259
'1 +
0.007 + .063 + 0.007)
P6 = 0'297 in' wg. = Co"(59O lAooqz
(c)
Co" = 0.29710.022 = 13.7
12-46. Equal Friction Method

Note that a damper has been inserted in duct 6 (N. 34 betow) to cause an increase in duct diameter from 8 to 9 1n. with a consequent decrease in velocity to an acceptable 1evel.
-- Deslgn Procedure -System type: Supply Dut Sizing Method: trqua1 r1ction
-- Fan Selection -Known Fan Parameter: E'an Tota1 Pressure
.900 in.
wg wq wg w wg
wg
an
or Ext.erna Total Coil Lost ilter LoSt Misc. Lst
Fan irflow:
Pressure: Pressure: Pressure: Pressure:
.500 in. 0.100 in. 0.050 in. 0.250 in.
845.0 cfm 0.9 in.
AU AU AU
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg - or 60.0 Pressure for Return System: .10 in. wg - or 40.0
% %
-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser ID Q Tota Delta (cfm) (in. wq) 19 24 28 32 38 Total 150.0 L25.0 120.0 200.0 25.0
845.0 0.128 a.123 0.11s 0.143
.141
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin Values -TD itting Type Dia. (in) Q (cfm) Velocity (ftlmin)
Delta P (in. \^/g) (in. wg) ^P/L
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260 1 2 3 4 5 6 ir anding Unit Conical Contraction Straight Duct

Elbow Elbow
Straight
Duct
14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 2 .0

74 .0
L4 .0
0.0
845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 595.0
190 .4 190 .4 190 .4
0.0
190.4 190 .4
0.000 0.008 0.003
0.005
.006
0.06
0.06415
0. 6415
. 6415
7 Straight Duct 8 Tee / vlye 9 Straight Duct 10 Tee / Wye
main
branch
comon
on
250 .0
15'7 . 6
190.4
56
0. 05
0.006
main
12.A
10. 10.
845.0
branch
11 Straight Duct: L2 Tee ,/ Wye main 13 Stralght Duct 1-4 Tee / Wye main 15 16 11 18 L9 20 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 JU 31 32 3 3 34 35 36 3'/ 38
bow
co]non
12 .0
8.0
branch
comon
9.0 7.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0
B. 9.
12A.A 395.
215 .0
395.0 200.0 595.0 395.0
190.4 151 .6
' 573.0 -151 .6 '1 ' G22 '\ 124 .2 622 .5
46'7 .'7
0.018 0.004 0.017
1'
0. 07
.01 L61
0.07
449 .0
0.003 0.016
0.07
0.
3
0.08259
branch
conon
215.0 150.0
15.0 15.0
L25 .0
561.3 561.3 561.3 561.3 450.0

46'7
0.07138
0.011 0.006 0.005 0.016 0.004 0.040 0.013

0.08082
0.0B82
Straight
Duct
Strai ght Duct Rectangular Transition
21-
Straight Duc Rectanqular Transition Diffuser / Gri1e Ebow Straight Ducc Rectangular Transition Diffuser,/ crill_e Sraqh ]uct Rectaigular Transition Diffuser,/ Grille
lbow
Ebow
Diffuser,/ Grltle Sraight Duct
150.0 150.0
150. 125 .0 L25 .0
1atr . rZJ
12
T
n n
375.0
449 .0
461 .1 61 1
.1
120.0 200.0 240.A 200.0 250.0 250.0 250.0

250.
250 .0
72A.A 720 .0
L20 .0
449.A
36.0
20.
573.0 573.0 600.0
Stralght Duc Butterfly Damper Straight Duct Rectanguar Transition Diffuser / Gri1le
E]_bw
9.0 9.0 9.0 o

9.
565.9 565.9 565.9 750.0

6
0. 3
. 13
0
0.002 0.002 .030 0.002 0.011 0 .002 .036 0.003 0.010 0.000 0.04
.024
.02
0.05817 0.05817
0.05405
0.07106
0.0604
0.001 0.001
0.
5
0.06004
Balanced Capacity Method

Note that dampers have been inserted in ducts 6 and 7 (No. 31 and 36 below) to cause an increase in duct diameter and a consequent decrease in velocity.
-- Design Procedure -System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
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261
_- an Selection -Known an
Parameter: Fan Tota1 Pressure :
0.9OO in.
wg
an Airflow: Fan or xternal Total Pressure:
Coil Lost Pressure: i1ter Lost Pressure: Misc. Lost Pressure:
0.900 . 500 0.100 0.50
845.0 cfm
in. in. in. in.
wg wg wg w wg
?
%
U AU AU
Externa1 Total ressure:
0.250 in.
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg _ or 60.O Pressure for Return System: .100 in. wg - or 4O.O
_- Lost Pressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Total De]ta P (cfm) (in. wg) 19 24 28 33 38 Total 150.0 725.0 720.0 200. 2s0.0
845.0 0.141 0.728 0.140 0.140 0.131
-- Calculated Fittlng Values -D itting Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1r anding Unit Conical Contraction
Dia. (in)
0. 14.
Q Veocity (cfm) (ftlmin) O O O 0 845.0 B45.O 845.0 595. O 250.0 845. 595. 395. O 20.0 595.0 395. 21 5.O L2a.O 395.0 2']5.O 15O. L25.0 2'75.0 150.0
B45. B45. 845. 845.
O. O 19O.4 '79a.4 '7 90 .4 i90.4 190.4 19O.4 j5j .6 458.4
De1ta P
(in. wg)
O. OOO . O8 O. OO3
O.
(in. wg) ^P/L

O. 6415
Straight Duct 14.0 Elbow 14 . 0 straight Duct 14.0 bow 14.0 Straight Duct 14. Tee / wye main 72.A branch 10.0 conmon 14.0 9 Stra1ght Duct 72.0 10 Tee / Wye main 10.0 branch 8.0 counon 2.0 11 Straight Duct 10.0 12 'T / ',o main 9.0 branch 6. O co]non 10.0 13 Stralqht Duct 9. \4 ee / Wye main 1 .0 branch '7 .0 co]nmn 9. 15 Straight Duct 1 .a
O.OO6
o.oo5
OO6
0.06415
O.O6415
O.OO6
.020
O. OO5
151 .6
151 .6 j24.2 573.0
190.4
O. OO4 O. O17
O.7 OO7
0.0'716'7
622.5 561.3 46i .i 561.3

622.5
'724.2
124.2 622.5 6l.2
O.OO3
O.
O. O8259
O. O13 O. OO7 O. OO3 O. O713B
0.011
O.
OO6
. O8s2
xcets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion of this work beynd h permited by Sectins 07 or a8 of the ] 976 Unied Stes Copyright c wthout he pemission f the copyrigh oner is unvful.
262
19 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 3-l 38
j 1-6 Elbow 1-1 Stralght Duct i .0 1B Rectangular Transj-tion i.0
.0
Reclangular Transit1on
Diffuser / Grilte Straiqht Duct 1bow Straight Duct Rectangular Transition Diffuser / erile El-bow Straight Duct Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Grill_e Elbow Butterfly Damper Straight Duct Rectangu1ar Transitin Diffuser / Gri11e E1bow Butterfly Damper Straight Duct Diffuser,/ critle
j.A
i.0
6. 6.
1.0
0
1.O
15.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 12 n 125.0 125.0

120.0 120 .0 200 .0 200. 200 .0 200.0 200.0 250.0 250.0 250.A 250. 250 .0
120 .0 120 .0 1t\ cl 725 .0
561.3 561.3 450.0

461 .'7 461 .'7 461 ."7
0.016 0.013 0.002 0.002

0.004 0.040
0.05
0.08082 0.05817
.05817
375.
G1
0.002
.030
6.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

8.
1 2 36.0
677 .2
573.0 573.0
?? n
0.007 0.036 0.003 0 .024

0.00
0
0.023
0.004
0.1\42-7
600.0
458 .4
0.010
.002
0.07106
1.0 10.
458 .4
0.040 0.0L6
10.0
1.0
750.
458.4
0.008
0.001 0.050
0.03599
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Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright o')ner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, boken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER
13-1. From q' 13-2
13
h-= tr* _
(C*
c-
lb*
_ t2 (l* , n,
r.,,.
ft'
_hr
ft2
Now C and W are related by
Eq
13-14
|% W" * = lba fto
lb*/ft3
he density of dry air must be used. Then from q. ,1 3-17

h =
hrP"' =
ftz _ hr--
-ft3 X9 =
ft3
ft2
]b, _hr
Consider Eq. 13-13 which is dimensionless
h
P3Cp,h
-z-
Btu
ftz _ hr _
F |b, Btu
^--^---;-
ft3 lb,F
ft2
- hr
ft3
Clearly dimensionless when C* is used.
13-2.
using Eq. 13-'18,
h Le2t3 1; h = = -- = ,,'9. = 41'7lba/(hr cpah = Cp, 0.24

= h/" = 41 .7lO'O75 = 555.6 ft3/1hr
ftr)
also h,
h6
_ ft')
: 0.057 kgal(m'0.61s p"oa7
s)
13-3. hd
k
0,075x100x60x(1 t14_
261
o44
= g52
k = 0.0147 Btul(ft-hr-F) (able A-4a) n=

Ot.O,::!,
x \ ' (1t12)0.61 5(852)047 = 2.S9Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
h6 = h/cpa
=2.5910.24= iO.B lba/(ft2-h11
h,
= h6/" = 1O.8/0 .O75 = 144
ff lt'-hr)
3
13-4. Nu
0.023 Re0.8 pro 3 0r h
0.023 (k/D) Reo.s pro

'1
and h6 = h/cpa, assuming Le = Re = V ol;

L=
= 600/ =
(il$
= 471 ft/min or 28,260 ftthr
0.044lbmlft-hr;
0.075 (Tabe A-4a)
Re =
0'075?8'260x1 = 48,170 0.044
Pr = 0.7; k = 0.01 47 btulhr-ft-F (Tabe A-4a)

h = O.O23
(48,17o)os(O.7)o., = 1.7 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
h = 1'710'24 =
7'1 lba/(ft2-hr)
h* = h6/^=7'1l0'075 = 95 ft3/(ft'-hr)
13-5. 43,560
ft2 = 1
acre;
i'l
* = hd(Wr, - W-)
Use j factor anaogy, h/crh6 = Le2l3
ssume: Le
= 0.85; C + 0'24
Thenho-
o.24(o.8q2t3
=
'
=23.221bal(ft2-hr)
Using chart 1: WW*
0.013 bu/lba
- 0.0223lb"ilba
(assume sat. air at 80 F)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors fbr distribution on a nt_for-profit basis for testing or instructinal purposes nly to students enroled in ourses or rhih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin o, rootion of his rk beyond h pemited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct y]ihout he permission of the copyright owner is unlful.
__._ 262
h, = (23'22)1ooo(43,56OXo.o223
fr,,, = 9,415,ooO lbr/hr
o.o1 3)
19 gpm/acre
13-6. Use analogy of Eq.

q = qr + Q., W,
coLe2l
13_1g
Ql= h(W- - Wr)irgi Q. = h(t- - t*)

= 0.00765;
|
ho= h
Q/ q/
=
W-
= O.O'1 10;
Chart
144\- 9(1.15)=,- =49'23lba/(ft2-h 3 \ l' 'il 024(82 =

5)(75-50) = 25g Btu/(hr-ft2)
ft2)
49.23(0.o 11-0.00765)1o65 = 176 Btu/(hr _ ft')

.1
Q./A = 9(1
=
435 Btui(hr _
= 1'37 kWlm2
13-7.
Qr= rh,(i*-i,,)
h, = hd(WV, - W-)
h6 = h/(cr"Lezu); cp, = h =
'1
0.24 Btul(lba _ F);
'510'24 = 6'25lbal(hr
W,
h,
0'0223lb,/lba
Le2t3 =
ft')
W* = o.0096 lb,/ba
1
i- = 28.4 Btu/lba; Chart

=
6.25(300 x 15O)(O. 0223
h, = 3,572lbWhr
Q1
0.0096)
= 3,572(1,05o) = 3,75O,600 Btu/hr o
x 1,o99 kW
ny water on the deck and occupants neglected.
13-8'
lt is assumed that the blanket is folded in half over the clothes line with one side exposed to air.
ho
cp
Le-2t3
18.g7tbai(hr -ft ) #(0.g3)-2l3 =
Excerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributiol on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instructiona puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for which the iextbok t-'u, ""r, adopted. -sl oher rj)a""rnn or rnslion of rhis ork beynd th permitted by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 f the 976 |Jniecl Ses copyrgh't c nut n" po7'irin f the copyrigh oner is unlful.
h*
hd(Wb
W,); Wn = 0.0312;W^= 0'0152
263
hr, =
}
I 8.
'=m*/[hd(Wv_W")]
(16
- 4)
87(56)(0. 03 1 2
0.01 52)
= 0.71 hr
= 42'6
min
Say 45 min.
13-9. The procedure is the same as example 13-1 except that the
energy balance line A-B will have a positive slope
and
tl
=75"F, tlz
17
90"F
Ans: 68162"F;
.4 ft2:4.8 ft
13-'10. The solutions to this problem closely follows example 13-2.
Ans: 77169"F; 17.4
ft2;
4.8 ft
ns.
31126
C;
'1.6 m2; 3 m
13-11. The procedure is the Same aS example 13-2 exept that the energy
balance line A-B will have a negative slope and the inlet and outlet
water temps. are reversed.
ns: 71t69"F;
13
J
17
'4 ft2;5.5
ft
50
45
_
ham =5510.24=229.2 h1/h6 = -3.05
40
35 30 'l -Jt t2t
I I
=#,
4000 x
12.
A. =
rh
r/G,
X
0.071
6O/1OOO = 17 ft2
xerpts from students enrl]
o_
lJ
25
20 60
permited by S
Y
70 80 90 100
or instrutional puoses only to |ion f his wrk beyond tht gh wner is unlwful.
264
2'7, Then
11 .8 ft
L = Gry/hdm = 100 x2'71229'2 =
13-13. The solution to this problem closely follows example 13-3

13-14.
Ans: 1.4 to
1.5
13-15. Solution of this problem follows example '13-4 closely.

'13-'16.
ns:
5OO ft2; 12'2 ft
13-17. Extrapolate the 72 F wb curve in Fig. 13-9. The largest cooling tower modeI ''M'', iS not arge enough to handle 200 gpm.
Therefore use two towers of 1000 gpm each. Select the

model "L" which ls rated at about 1100 gpm.
13-'18 See example 13-3; the cooing tower must be larger.

13-19. See example '13-3; the cooling tower must be larger.
13-20. (a) Model B or C using Fig. (b) Cooling Range

=
'13-9
-t. 2= 100-85 = 15 F
'yihou
Exerpts rom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprduction or trnstion of his rk beynd th pemitted by Secins ]07 or l 08 of he ] 976 United Ses Cpyright c the permission ofhe copyrigh owner is unlful'
pproach = t. z-twol = 85 _ 76 = 9 F
Tower capacity =
Q
265
= (200 x 60 x 8.33)(1)(15) = 1,499,400 Btu/hr
13-21 q
50 5OO qpm x t; qpm = '=??o,oô = 500x1 0 -^^. =3.0 5,000)
qpm/ton= 50 (250,000
/1
Note:
!n this
case,
'1
ton = 15,000 Btu/hr

= 70
Cold water temperature; t" From Fig. 13-7;

t*o =
10 = 60 F
42 F
13-22. lbuquerque, NM; t6 = 64 F (able B-1a) (a) From Fig. 13-7; cold water temperature
gpm/ton
=
73 F;
2'5i
\/arm
t6 =
water temperature (73 + 10) 83 F
(b) Charleston, SC;

gpm =
79 F (Table B-1a)
From Fig. 13-7; cold water temperature = 84 F,
15,000
x2'5= 83 gpm (a &
b)
13-23' (a) tons = ''?9?99o 15,000 (b) gpm/ton

=
80, gpm/ton = 24O8O= 3.O, maximum

=
two =
72F
80
= 4'o',max. t,5
65 F
13-24. Model G, nominal rating
600 gpm & 250 tons (Table 13-2).
Using Figure 13-9; assume gpm is constant.

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266
With cooting range of (97 Max. Max.

two =
85) = 12
76 F (Figure 13-9)
tu,
With cooling range = 15,

two =
= 100 F
74 F (Figure 13-9)
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnslion of his ork beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or ] 0B f he 976 United Stes Cop1'ight c without the pemission of the copyrigh owner is unful.
-------_-=\
---
basis for Excerpts from this work may be reprduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit textbok has been testing or instrutional pubses orty to students enrlled in courses for whih the of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 107 or adoptd. ny other repriuction oi trnsltion the copyright owner is unlwful' Oti f the lbo ne Smtes Copyright ct withut the permission of be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Requests for permission or furter ffirmtion should Join Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street' Hoboken' J 07030'
CHAPTER 14
120-60 14-1. (a) P - 200 60

-
= 0.43
= 0.33
*=
200-180
120
F = 0.985 {Fig. 14-191

(1so - 6_q)_:(299_ 120) LMTD _ (180 - 60) ln
- 60
(200 -120)
LMTD
= 98.7oF
(b) C"
=
=
(fr
"r)",,
= 50oo
*uo -
(29'92x0'491x144)
53.35(520)
'24)
5490 Btu/hr-F
cn = cc(1,2
= '16,500 Btu/hr-F
tu1)/(t*z
t*r) = 5490(1 20
-60y(200
180)
(c)
Cn
(rh cp)* = (Q pcp)* = 16,500 Btu/hr-F
Q=
16'500
(6Ol1)
=25ft3/hr; Q
275(7.48) = 34 gpm 60
(d) q
UAF(LMTD)
C-.,
UA =
F(LMTD)
(t*z--t*l) _ 16,500(20
U UA
Cair
_ 180)
0.985(e8.7)
3390 Btu/hr-F
(e) NTU
NTU
UA
Cmin
Cc
3390 = 0.62 5490
267
^-
(f) \/
120-60 "= 200-60
0.43
268
14-2' (a)
UF(LMTD) = (rh cp),i,(1 10-50) h, = 4000 x 14'7 x 144l(53.35 x 510) = 311'2 lbmin or 18,672|b/hr Q = 18,672(0.24)(110-50) = 268,874 Btu/hr q = (rh cr,,)('l80 - tr.,o) = Q5 x 8.33)(1)(180 - tho)60
=
1
t.o =
80
p= 110-50 =0.46: *='180-159 =0.35

180 F = 0.98; Fig. 14-1
25x8.33x60
=?9y+
= 158.5 F or 159 F
-50
't[
10
- 50
LMrD=S#
=88
A = 9/(UF x LMD)' ='!u!!!ô== = 312 10x0.98x88
^J
ft2
(b)
Cair = 18,672(0'24) = 4481 = Cmin Cwat = 25 x (60.817 .48) x 60 = 12,193 =
110 180 -
5o
50
0.401'
4481 - 12,193 crr,

Cmin
,10
Cr*
= o.3T
NTU
= 0.7,
Fig. 1 4-18
UA/C,1. = O'7i
,=
x
0'7\!481
= 314
ft2
14-3. (a)
h air
= 32o x 60
53.35x555
::'::'!!-
= 13,726lb/hr
125
Cair=Cmin=3294 1ox3oo NTU = 0.91 3294 = 0.615, Fig. 14-18

at C.inlCrr, = 0
l
atr.
refri.
125
+
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributin on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction or trnsltin of this ork beyond h permitted b Secons ] 07 or 08 f he 97 6 Lnied Ses Cp1'igh ct ihou the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlcwfu.
r_.14-3.
269
(continued)
0.61s = ,':"=-'^?
125
t,o =
113'5'F
- 95
, tco = t"o = 0.6'1
s(125- gs)
+ g5
(b)
Q = Cui,(tao - tai) - rh,.irg = 3294(11 3.5 3294(1 13.5 - 95) lrl,. = ------------.6s.s = 928 tb/hr
95)
14-4' (a) ,= l y
L
lm =
(1.0
-]
R/r = 1l0.5 = 2.0i = .8, Fig' 14-4
12
- 0.5) 18.26= 0.76
90(0.00 8 l 12) J
(b)
,.,
tah(mrl)
mr
,_ '
tanh(0.9454) =0.7g 0.9454
(18.26)(0 '5112)1.243 = 0.9454
\mr) \r )\
, =
[E -,][.'+ O.35rnBj
r/
1.243
(c) Within readability of Fig.
14-4 the answers are the same
14-5.
s =
1+ A
(1 - ); = O.78 from proplem 14-4

=
s = 1-0.9(1-0.78)
0.80
'1
Uo ho?ro
J-
k(, /o
= 0.17;
1
hi(i /o
=
) 10x0.8
o and
k.opp",.
(0.01 5112) (100x1)

= 100
200x(1/9)
Assumes ;
Exerpts 1iom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for dstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslin f his wrk beyond th permied by Secions ]07 or 08 of he 1976 United Ses Cpyright c withou he permissin f he cpyright oner is unllful.
270
The second term may be neglected Uo = 5.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-7.
=! Uo 10x0.8
'1
100(1/9)
=0.133
Uo = 7.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-8. ,' -
tanh(m/)
v =| z"s _1''' =64.18 y ] l za1o.'t l]
[
m!.
e-l'''
L
6x1 o_3
m-1
mI = 64.18(6
x 1O-')
= 0.385;
0.953
14-g' ns=1 -)_1-o.s5(1 *(1

. = 0.96
_O.95)
Ar =
2LWP,
=
mm2;
= LW mm2;
Ar + (LW _ tLWPS)
1
Where P"
fin pitch in fins/in. and L = W =
= 2HLWP' + LW _ tP, _2x6x0'47 +1_0'16x'47 - '1 lo+ l' '1A' o ,L\/P' 2x6x'47
+=\:--J^ u 1400 57(0.96)
= O.O19;
U = 52.3 W(m' _ c)
Excerpts from this rork may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnsin f his work beyond th permitted by Secions ] 07 or l 0B of he ] 976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c lihout he permission of the cpyright owner is unlwful.
271
14-11
.
'= [}_,][,+O35.(})] R" = 1.2s ( - 0'2)'''; m = r

mr
tan h(m r/
znl1l2
L]
*=},=;;L>M
(a) Diml
=;'=
0.56 in
b = 1.35 in
Dim, =
=
' rrg)' *or1''' 2L2l

l
jo.uu)'* (1'35)'1'''=
O.73
0'56 =(0.64 t2)=1'75:3=0'73 0.56

R"
r = (2.22-- 1)t1 + O.35ln(
Then L = Dimz = 0.73in.; M = Dimr = 0.56 in. =1.3
t2=2.22 = 1.27(1.Ts)(L3-0.3)1 2.22)!= 1'56;
2x10
mr
L e0(0.01/ 12)
16.33(0.32112)1.56 = 0.631
f'''
= 16.33
ft-1
n_ '
tanh(0.762) =0.869 0.762
(b) Dim.-a-12.5mm '2

Dim2 =
L = Dimz = 12.65 mm M = Dimr = 12.5 mm
' ! lZZt + 12.5'ltt2 = 12.65 mm 2'

b=22mm
t=12'5 =2.s:g=
R"
r
12'65
12.5
=1.012
= 1.27(2.s)(1.01 2
0.g)1t2 = 2.69
Excerpts fiom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses on1y to students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproducon or rnstion ofhis lrk beyond th permitted by Sections ] 07 r ] 08 f he 97 6 United Ses Copyrigh c y,ithu the permission of he copyright owner is unlful.
272
=
0.753 = 0'85
11 =
1170(0.00018)_j mrQ = 66.67(0.005)2.26 = 0.753 _ tanh(O.753)
m=l
zxo ll=66.67m-1
2.69
1)t1 + 0.35 ln(2.69)] = 2.26 E'\vv _^ -_
'
14-12. + = hoo v-_ Uo -1-, h; (, 7no ; neslecting tube wall resistance

(a) 1o=1
(b) ro
*(1 1
) -)-1_o.9(1 _O.s4)=0.86
oo(l o)
=
_----{
1o106
:^
= 0.120; Uo =
8.60 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
1=
=1
-0.9(1 -0.81)
0.83
0,.068ro s3
^4^
0 64(
1a.+rl o1
= 17.8; Uo
= 0.056 kW(m2
- c)
14-13. (a)
Rct = 2.222
10-6
0.010
1t12
1)'
)
.010
Rct = 4.15
]""'
10-a 1hr-ft2-r1/tu
(b)
'12
fins/in = 0.472 fin/mm
rc(1t0
Rct=3.913x10-7
0.18
0.18
72_
uott=
1)'
)
1o
1
.oe3 x 1o-41m2
- cyw
l
14-14' Re= D;=60.6
lbm/ft3
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin r rnsion ofthisorkbeyond tht pemitted by Secions ] 07 r 0B of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copy'igh c ihu the Permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlfut.
273
Dr = 0.545112 = 0.0454 ft;
e 'lA= 2'5
7 '48^ 60( t4)(o'o454)2
x+
Table C-2
=3.44fVsec
= o.93 lbm/(ft
Re =
60.6(3.44)0'0454 2.58x10-a
hr) = 2'58 x 1O-a lbm/(ft-sec) able A-1a

=
36,6g3i Re = 36,700
(L/D),in = 410'0454 = 88 ft Pr = 2'43 (Pr = cr/k)
lo '',u
k
= O.23
"Bu Pro';
k = 0.383 Btu/(hr-ft-F)
Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
= O.O23
(0.0454)
,f''='J. (36,7oo)o'12.431o' = 1,136

1
14-15'
= 1'o1(62.4) = 63.02 LBM/FT2 [Fig.
0-2a]
1O-2b]
= 0.7l1490
4'7 x
'1o-4
lbm/ft-sec [Fig.
Cp = 0.93 Btu/lbm-F [Fig. 14-];
K = 0.93 Btu/lbm-F [Fig. 14-9]
'045 Re=ffi=20,940
63.02(3.4 4)0
(L/D),1n = 88
lr---''ia-
fVsec [Probem M-1aJ; D = 0.0454 ft [Problem 14-14]

= 3.44
ft
[Problem 14-14]
.285
o _Cp _4'7x1o41soo)o.93 _.)
= O.O23 ,!o:',u=u], (2,94O)ou15'521o'=
(0.0454)
690 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-16'
= 1.O45
x 62.4 = 65'21
lbm/ft2
= 1 '3l1490 = 8'725 x
co = 0.81
1O-a
lbm/(ft-sec)
Re=#=11,670
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instrutional puosos ony to students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adpted. Any her reproduction or trnstion of this ork beyond tht permitted by Secions ] 07 r 1 08 f he 1 976 United SeS Copyrigh c withu the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlwful.
;k= 0.22; V
= 3.44 ft/seC,
D = 0.454 ft
274
,,"
_ 0.81x8.725x1 0-43600
0.22
= ..16
=
.1
0.023 !:?3=). (i 1 ,670)0.(.1 ..t6)0. 0.0454 '
209 Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
14-17. Use hydraulic dia.

D = 4rn =
for rectangular channel

=
a(AJP)
4(3/8) = 1.5 in. = 0.125 tt
= 62.4lbm/ft3 [Table A-1a]; = 3.45 lbm/(ft-hr) [Table A-1a] u':o!!_), Re = -'-?? = 32,556
(3.45l3600) cp = 1.003 Btu/lbm-F [Table a-1a] k = 0.338 Btu/(ft-hr-F); Pr = 3.45 x 1 .003/0.338 =
'10
(a) For cooin9,

h
= O.O23
h = O.O23
! D
R"o'Pro'
9 0.125 9 0.125
(32,556)0r11o.21o. = 5O9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(b) For
h
heating;
(32,556)0s11O.21o. = 642Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
= O.O23
14-18.
Dr, =
0.125
ft [From problem
1o_3
14-171
1
= 62.4(1.o45) = 65'2lbm/ft3 [Fig. = 3.5/149O = 2.35 x
O-2a]
lbm/ft-sec [Fig
'
10-2b]
Re=
c,
Pr
=
0.89 btu/(lbm-F) [Fig. 14-8]

2.35 x 1 o-3136o)(o.s9) l0 '28 = 26.9
k = 0.28 Btu/(ft-hr-F) [Fig. 1a-g];

=
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275
(a) Cooling
h
=
0.023
#
=
('13,900)0t126.910t = 28s Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(b) Heating: h
285 '""
(26'9):1
(26'910'e
396 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-1g' (a) Re = D _
Assume L/D Then
99'2(1 '5)(0'012) _ ^''' =29'905

>
60
o'uffi
o.o23 Reo.8Pro4, Pr =
[o'sgxlo3x+'lzl
6373
e.gl
= 9 9?: 0.o12
(O.637X31 ,157)o s(3.91)o
h = 8287 W(m2
C)
8.29 kw(m',- C)
Data from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b, 14-8 and 14-9.
(b) Re =
(1
.2x10-3x3.7x10-3 ,r=ffi=8.9
1
'28)999(1 '5)(0'012) 15,4OO = 1.2x10-3
:-= o.o23 (.5o)(15,4oO)08(8.9)oo = 5140 W(m2 _ c) h ']

0.012
= 5.1
4 k\l(m2
- c)
14-20. (a) Re =
62'4(0'5)(0'3!112) = 922< 2soo (3.45l3600)

=,
hD .1.86tReP. D .,lls [ra)o 'o : ssume ( n)o'o = l.vvl.-,, L, r',,l,,1oLl,,J
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a nt-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enolled in courses or whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h permitted by Secins ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct |ihout he permission of he cpyright lner is unlcrlfu.
276
,,=1#
=1O'4
=
sff#
p22(1o.ol(ffi),"'
66 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
ethylene
(b) Same procedure as part a using data for
30o/o
glycol from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b,14-8 and 14-9.
14_21. Re
992.2(0.1.0)x103 = 1519 653 There is a question about the flow regime. lt is probably
in the transition region. Assume it is laminar and use
Eq. 1 4-24 and assu me | -UPr
10.14
['J
= 1.
- 1 893) '--_\n=-O.O1 1519(4'34)r']]1/3 ' 3 )'

14-22. Use average values for
Gu and
o.653X'1_3(4.182) = 4'34 0.63
328
W(m'- c)
G.
and Eq. 14-26.
G. =:o;(rh."9'v )"us= '
.''
-
0.912;(Gr)",s
= ln't,,u z(o.s9)'
=237.81bm/(ft2-hr)
4\12)
(rh,),us
(1 + 0.1)12 = 0.55 lbm/hr
(Gu),us = 0.55/4" =
290'6 lbm/(ft2-hr)
= 12 3
lt 12 , 0.95 / DGu _r0 589)r9) = 15 12 , 0.95 /
DG, _ r0.589)r?)
H=
138(pr.,,.
[#j"'L?
E)"102
xcerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes ny to students enrotled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trnson f his work beyond th permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh ct ilhout he permission f the copy'igh oner is unfu.
277
=2.48 0.384 i,, = 1001 Btu/lbm t 80 = 1'160 _ s0); twall
l") Pr _ 0.95(1.001) '

6
h
p'(
e")"'
.,u.o1, 61
0.0135/
o )"'
= 1oo8
=
=
13.8 g - - .58
0.384 t12
Q8)
80'F (Using water outside 2 '4n' 1]-l"u '' Ul'

L,1
the tubes)
,(u]
Gu and
,,,oo8]o
888 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
"
14-23. Use average values of G. and

A"= (O.o15)'= 1'767 x "4
(G.
)"us =
1O-a
Eq. 14-26
mt
=
(.s8)o. 126x1o_3 z 1.767x10-a 0.126x10-3

(1 + O.
1
0.314 kg/(m2
s)
(Gu)"ug =
2) t 2
1.767x10-a
= 0.399 kg/(m2
s)
DGr _ 015(0.311) = 12'1
0.390x10_"
DGu
( r)"'
|"
O.o15(0.39_9
Pr. '
t =
O'39Ox1
= (73
L0'219J 9j1' 19x1 03 = 2'46;

O.39Ox1o_3
gz
2
l1
= 1024
0.665
ig = 2326kJ/kg
45C
_ 28); liquid water assumed outside tubes
h=13gj95)(2'46)1t3lffi].,u..o24)o2=5022W(m2-c)
h
= 5.02 kw(m2
- c)
14-24' Use q. 14-28

Excerpts students enrolled in ourses'for which tbe textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnson of this permtted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 1976 United Ses Cpyrightc\ithout he permission ofhe copyright ner is unlful.
At inlet x : 0.20; at outlet 10oF superheat p,J*FsnR 1"Q,psi?i k,':. if,'$-"t.n puoses only to from this wrk may ,l"rj],' ,,Jhm/fu wrk beynd h
R_22
278
Since X" 1.O; Cl = 8'2 x 1O-3; n = O.4 ssume tube wall thickness of 0.016 in. hen D; = 0.375 - 2(0.0161 = 0.343 in.
Ai=
'4
-g|
= 6'417
1o-4 ft2
rJ = -:-
80 rh= A j 6.417x10-a
= 124,700 lbm/(ft2
hr)
= 0'52lbm/(ft-hr) at 30'F (sat. temp. at 70 psia) GD 124,700(0.343 I 12) = 6855 =
k = 0.056 Btu/(hr-ft-F) at i1g = 88'5 Btu/lbm
0.52
30'F (sat. temp.); Table -3a

o
h h
=
=
8.2x 1O-3
(0.o56)
(O.343,
779 btu/(hr-ft2-F)
rssl, (a'qaa'sz'))lo 5(32l 7) r)L'oocc J.]
14-25. Use Equation '1 4-28

R-22;G
= 2OO kg/(m2
s); Dr = 8.5 mm; L = 2 m; P,= 210 kPa
= 30%, Xe = 100%
Tsat =
-24C a|210 kPa abs. Pres. [Table A-3b]
. = O.27O x 1O-3 N-s/m2 [Table -3b]; extrapolate k. = 0.107 W(m - c) [Table A-3b]
i= 223 kJ/kg [Table A-3b]
GD=200(0.0085_)
'270x10_3
=6296
= 8.2
'1O-3;
n = O.4
6 = 8'2x
1O-3
(o'1O7) 0.0085 L'

=
296\2
7(223)1 000
. r0.
Ie 2x9.80 7
J]
h = 4106 W(m2 _ C)
4.11 klm',_
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in ourss for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion f his work beyond th permitlecl by Sectins ] 07 or 08 f he ] 976 tJnited Sttes Cyright ct \ihout he permissin f the copyrigh oner is unwfu.
14-26.
lr, =
" f !!1 D2g
279
,
Assume isothermat
Re = 36,700; Probem 14-14; smooth tubes

f =0.022, Fig.
Dr = lr,
10-1;L=(6x6)+(5xl)=41
ft
0.0454 ft;
= 3.44 fUsec,
Problem 14-14
=o.o2z*
-!10.0454 2x32.17
*lt!!l,t
=3.65ft
14-27'
l . =
" f !, D2g
ssume isothermal
=O.5ft/sec; f =64/Re =641922=O.OOg
L = (10 x 10) + (9 x 1.5) = 113.5 ft; Di = 0.34 in.

l. = 0.06 n*11?^'?x12, -
0.34
2x32.17
',
1'07 ft
14-28.
Refer to Fig. 14-10

Load/circuit = 10 x 1 2,000110 = 1 2,000 Btu/hr Length/ircuit = (6 X 5) + (5 x 0.75) = 33.75 ft
(a) P. /L = 0.10
psi/ft;
CF
1.25 Fig. 14-10

=
P.
CF
= 0.10 x 33.75
x 1'25
4.22 psi
(b) P. /L = 0.04
= 1.25
psi/ft
P.
= 0.04 x 33.75
x 1'25
= 1.7 psi
14-29.
Gt,^
= 18OO lbm/(hr-ft'); t, =
7O"F,tz= 120"F
(a) Figure 14-12

Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrled in courses fr which the textbook has been adopted' ny other reprduction or tr'nsioi of his ork beyni th permitted by Sectons ] 07 or 08 of the 1 976 Unied Stes Copyrigh c ihout he pemission f the copyrigh owner is unlwfu'
280
Re, =
=
G'Xo
, Gc =
G"
''_'-''\ - = 3214 lbm/(ft2-hr) 0.56
4.6 x 10-2 lbm/(ft-hr) at t = 95oF (Table A-4a)

3214(1 .083 t12)
Re,
4.6x10-2 jG" c,
6306
j = 0.0091;f = 0.021 Fig. 14-12
Pr-2l3 = O.OO91 (3214)0.24(O.T)-2t3
8.91 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
=
(b) Re6
6306 x 0.52511.083 = 3057; assumes expanded tubes
plus fin collars.
At D6D
JP
j=
9.
A 4xoxr _ 4 1.25x1.083x0.56
= (3057)-04(1O.OS)-015 =
0'0152x0 '525x12
= 1O.O8
0.0285 (Eq.
14-39)
1x1-3 Fig. 14-14; h = O.OO91(3214)(0.24)(0.7zl! 0.525x10 08 = 0.904 (1.25 - 0.525)

116.7
= 8.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
D*=
1+
Using Eq. 14-44.
" FP= (3o57)-0 2'[oo+.1

(
0.525,0
I 1.25 - 0.525
t 0.173
f
=
4(
\67
L-
o o06) ) ]"
10.e04
'zs _,,l_o
4.2 x 1O-2 or
0.042 (Note that f may be in error up to
!35o/o (Figure 14-15)
Exerpts lrom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributlon on a not-for-proflt basis for testing r instructinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the txtbook has been adopted. ny her reprducon or rnson of his work beyond th permitted by Sectons ] 07 r 08 f the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c wihout he permission of the copyrigh owner is unlwful.
14-30. (a) G"
4.5 kg/(m'-.);
tp =
2OC; Re =
Gc(0'0275)
281
'
= 1 8'2 x 10-6 -s/m2 1Table A-4b]
Re =
4'5(0'027)
18.2x10-o
6800;
Cp = 1.OO5
kJ/kg-C
j = 0.009; f = 0.020 [Fig. 14-121
jG" copr-2t3 = o.oog0(4.5)1.005(0.7)-2t3
0.051 kJ/(m2-s-c)
= 0.051
kw(m2-c)
(b) See problem 14-29b for prcedure
14-31. Use Eq. 14-42 or 14-45
l,n ,'i= '
o2{ 2g-1L\,*" )lo''_' )_,
el-r,r *
e_,l*'+4l
-,
#!S#L 53.35(530)
= 0.O75 lbm/ft3; 2 = O.068 lbm/ft3
P,, = (l + 2)l2= 0'072lbmlft3
A Af,
Where V
lh
A _
_147(1.083112)5 = 118'45
(1)0.56
A1,"
= t.
xL;
_(, * o.u6), )r9 _ l)* ''= /\0.068 ) 2(32'17)(0'072)(0.075)(3600) L\ o 042(1 1s 5)(0 075)l
214)2
= 1 ft2;L = 5 x'1.083/1 2 = 0'451
072 -l
=
h = 12.2ft of air
Po =
(1i::?);'z
0 18 in. wg
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution n a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beyond th permtted by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ]976 United Sttes Copyright c ihout he permissin f the cpyrigh owner is unful.
282
14-32. Use Equation 1 4-42 or 14_45 ti = 10C; t2 = 30C, ff" = 1 18.5 from problem
o =
pm =
14-31
ffi1
1O1x103
= 1.244 kg/m3; Pz= 1.161 kg/m3;
1.203 kg/m3
(0 56)2
t'
ffi[(,'.
o.O19(1 18.5)/
)(#-
1).
1!1
1.203 )
r,
= 1.67 m of air
Po = 1
6,
(#l',rool
= 2'O8mm of wg.
=
or Po = 1'67(1'244)9'807
20.4 Pa
14-g3. Re = G.Dr,
, D' = O.O101 ft
1O-2
t 65.F, = 4.39 x
e=lffi
h
=
bm/(ft-hr) [Table A-4a]
2700(0.0101)
=621
0.013, f = 0.053
1
From Fig. 14-16;j

G" co j
Pr-2t3
= 2700(0.24)O.013(0.72)-2t3 =
= O.72 From
O.
S Btu/(h r-ft2-F)
Where co= 0'24 Btu/(lbm-F); Pr
able A-4a
14-34' Use Eq.
14-33; t = 65 F
=
=
'o -ff 53.35(535)

Pm =
14.6x144
0'074lbmlft3; 2= 0.077 lbmlft3
(l + ")l2
0.076 lbmift3
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enroled in urses fr which the texook has been adpted. ,lny otlrr', ir:o'-"in o, ronrtoton of his ork beyoncl ht permied by SeCionS ] 07 or 08 of he 97 6 Unied Ses Copyrgh c nout inte p,esion of the cpyrigh o,ner is untcwful.
28s
Assume a contraction ratio of 0'5 Then i -- 0 '32', " = 0 '27 Fig ' 1 4-17
A 4L -I2 == oll
Po
= 132
_ _
e7oq2
053(1
22.17
)1
4'6(1 44)(0.07
4)(3600)'
_ t(o.32 * l- os2)
_ (o 5)2
(#-
1)
-o
3r)ffi#] _ r
_'''1#'\
Po/Pg1
0'17 in' wg' Po = 4'126x 1o-4114.6)(1 44)(12)t62'4 =
=4'126x10-a
14-35. (a) Coil DescriPtion'

Type of coil = Refrigerant condenser coil Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube Material
=
luminum fins with copper tubes
Refrigerant type = Refrigerant 134
Finned side fluid = air of Hg Finned side air pressure = 29'92 inches
Face area
-- 4'44 square feet
Height of heat exchanger = 20'0 inches Width of heat exchanger = 32'0 inches
Numberofrowsoftubesintheairflowdirection=4 Numberoftubesperro\/=16circuitsontubeside=4
inches Fin pitch = 8 fins/inch Fin thickness = '006 Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches
* ,oi'iii)jili'bnii
puoses only to basis for testing or instructional by instructors for distribution on a not-fbr-profit of his ork beyond h xcerDts from this work may be reproduced ny- o,rnr, ,rrour'ioir-ron,oi ,-'. exibook r, ..nrjopi.*' oner is unlful' sudens enolled in courses ", *-L1. ih" prr^r,rio' oj'n" copyrigh i,o*, ] 07 ''hout permied by Sections
ciiilii, iri
284
Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches Tube outside diameter = .500 inches Tube wall thickness = .016 inches lnside tube fouling factor = 'OOOO BTU-HR-SQFT-F
'/6C
14-95. (continued)
Btu/hr Total heat transfer rate = -48783'2 -48783'2 Btu/hr Sensible heat transfer rate =
Entering air conditions: Dry bulb temPerature
95'0 F
Face velocitY
650'00 FPM
CFM Air volume flow rate = 2888'9

F Dry bulb temPerature = 111'4
Leaving air conditions: Tube side conditions: 125'0 F Refrigerant saturation temperature = of water Air pressure loss = '393 inches PSI Tube side Pressure loss = 1'07 Fin efficiency =
'3gg
Surface effectiveness = '824
Tubesideheattransfercoefficient=388.88tu/hr-SQFT-F Finnedsideheattransfercoefficient=12'5Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference
=
-20'7 F
(b) Yes
14-36. Coil DescriPtion'

Type of coil
=
water or brine solution
coil Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube tubes Material = aluminum fins with copper
Tube side fluid
water
:;i:i'b:;,ff:;;i!:'ii:i1r,*"ir;?j':ii,:!;;iiii:i!j:'i#ii!*'' perm
c
w
:i:.J:fJ:f;':T:J$E::',i:;i1:i1i:'*iJ$'{ij:{..Ti Copyrigh i ii6 t'Jnied Ses 07 ermied by Secins "''ii')i 'i
ilhou he
286
Finned side fluid
air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 iches of Hg
Face area
5.56 square feet
Height of heat exchanger = 20.0 inches Width of heat exchanger = 40.0 inches Number or
ro\/S
of tubes in the air flow direction = 2

ro\ =
Number of tubes per Fin pitch

=7
16 Circuits on tube side
fins/inch Fin thickness .008 inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches orizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches Tube outside diameter = .500 inches ube wall thickness = .016 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipe/header = 1.0 inch(s)
Total heat transfer rate Entering air conditions:
-95759.1 Btu/hr
=
Sensible heat transfer rate
-95759.1 Btu/hr
Dry bulb temperature 7. F
Face velocity
650.00 FPM
=
Air volume flow rate Leaving air conditions:
3611.1 CFM
Dry bulb temperature = 94.6 F
Tube side conditions:

Entering fluid temperature = 150.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature = 128.2 F

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_prfit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to 'work beyond th students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted . ny oher reprduction r trnstion of his permitted by Sections l 07 r 08 of he ] 976 t]nied Stes Copyrigh ct wthou he permissin f he copyrigh oner is unwful'
ube side fuid velocity
4.00 FPS
=
287 9.0 GPM
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate Tube side head loss

Fin effiiency
= 8.20
Air pressure loss = .187 inches of water

feet or water
- .831
Surface effectiveness = .846
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = '1368.8 Btu/hr,SQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-SQFT-F Mean temperature difference
=
-56.8 F
14-37. From problem
14-29, Re = 6306 (based on xp)
and h5 = 8.9'1 btu/(hr-ft2-F) jn : _.1r -1280 Nr(Re)-1 2 (Eq. 14-42) =

j
then _ 1_ 1280 x 5 (Re)-1'2
1_ 6400 Re_1 '2
i 1_(8x12so)(6306)_1 1 and J_ , ^
js
_ (5x1 2s0)(63o 6l_ 'z

= j/js
o 872 g J.r,
now h/hs
ha =
= 0'872
h = 0'872(8.91)
7.77 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
=
14-38. From problem 14-30, Re
jsjs
jn
1- 128oNr(Re)l 1- 64OORe-1
2
6800 and h5 = 51W(m'- C)
[From sotution
to
14-371
j _ 1_(6x128)(680)] 1- 64OO(6801-r z
= 0.96
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a nt_for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in curses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslion of his ork beyond tht permed by Sections ]07 r 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Cpyrighcwithu the permSsion ofhe copyright o'ner is unlwful.
288
l ur rr s = jo/js = 0.96
h = 0'96 x 51 = 49W(m2
- C)
or o.o49 kW(m2
- c)
14-39' Re, = %xo
j = 0.0095 (Fig. 14-12)
(1.os3/12) x 60 = 8225 = =o':1:= 0.0445 0.54
l - jcco
Pr-2l3 = O.OO85 x
.o73,
ffi
)
x60x
o-24(o'-2t3
h = 10.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F) 0.0092 .1 Using Chart c.. _ 0.0123 = .033 x 1O-a,) v _
or
0.0123-0.0063 .^^ z- -- 85_q5

Cavg
85
55
= 1.5 x
1O-a
PSYC
1'27 x1O-a;
Use Eq. 1 4-7o &14-73',k = 1z*s};
From Table 5-1a.

M2 =
##l, -]
1'27
= u, 3;
M = 22'7 = 1'265
ft-1
r
*=
(- o.3)"' =
+
(1
o.3)1t2
'r [E'_ l)[l /

= (1 '265 Mr = 22.7
O.35n&l
_ 1)[1
r)
=
+ 0.35 ln(1.265)] = 0'287
xO'287
0'285
m-_--'-
'
tanh(mrl)
mr
g7.4o/o = 0.g74 or
,s
1 *
(1 -
,)
f _O.94(1 _ o'g74)=
O.98 or 98%
14-40' For
80/67oF;
tp =
60oF
surface temperature must be equal to or less than 60"F'

puoses only to for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutiona Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors th uJopt.. ny her reproucion r trnsin of this wrk beyond bee, students enrolled in ourses for whih the texook has ihe permission of the cpyright owner is unl'wful' hout permited by Secions 07 * l '"iinr''i ii'6-Unirrd Sror cipyr,gh 'aci
289
Moisture would condense at the base of the fin on the tube outer surface if it condenses at all' Let t* be this temPerature.
where --"-'_
1 =-1' *,1*,r=Ai UAi hiA k, ,n 1 =!*41= :_""- U, hi ' k 1000 12x190 '9o]:^
t* = tr
UiAi(t,-
tr) = h69A(i,
ir)
= O.OO1
Ui = l OOO Btu/(hr-ft2-F); where k"opp", = 190 Btu/(ft-hr-F)
ffi(i,-
i*) = 50 +
ffi
(31.7
i*)
ssume a value for tr, read
i* from
chart 1 and compute t* to
check assumption' Assume t* = 55'8'F then i' = 23'7 Btu/lba and the calculated t* checks O.K. Therefore moisture will condense at the base of the fin and on some portion of the fin. There will probably be no condensation near the outer edge of the
fin.
14-41. For 2719 g,
t =
15 C
Solution is similar to problem 14-40

UiAi(t, _ tr) = h66(i3 _ i*)
ui 53
t*=ti
+0'0005
58
= O.O1888;
U= 52.98
ffi
(i"_i*)
=14'3-,g4,,* 4.2_i,)
*H
For t* = 16, i* = 45. Checks O.K.

puoses only to on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutinal xcerpts for this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution or rnsion f his rk beyond thl in ourses 1br which the textiook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction students enrled he copyright ner is unlwful' ihe permissin prr^t'rca y srctins ] 07 or l ij rni l oz Lnied Stes cip)rgnt 'ci lthu
290
is There will be no condensation because the tube outside wall
greaterthanthedewpointtemperatureoftheair. 14-42" This problem is intended for computer solution because

considerable iteration is required'
Coil DescriPtion:
Type of coil
=
water or brine solution
Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube coil Material = aluminum fins with copper tubes Tube side fluid
=
water
=
Finned side fluid
air
Finned side air pressure = 29'92 inches of Hg
Face area = 12.50 square feet Height of heat exchanger = 30'0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 60'0 inches; W = 2H Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 5
Number of tubes per
ro\/ =
24
Circuits on tube side = '12
Finpitch=12fins/inchFinthickness=.008inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches Tube outside diameter = '500 inches Tube wall thickness = '016 inches
lnsidetubefoulingfactor=,OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F Diameter of inlet pipeihead er = 2'5 inch(s)

or instructional purposes only to for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for tsting xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors trnsion of his work beyond th or iy o" has *,' students enrolled in courses fbwhich the texibook "p'oucon "J"pi". 'q ihe permission f the copyrigh owner is unlful' coiir|gn, 'a"i permited by Sectins ] 07 * '"iir''i ii'6-in,"d S,o'r, 'thout
14.42. (continued)
Total heat transfer rate = 232885.0 Btu/hr
291
Sensible heat transfer rate = 164919.4 Btu/hr

Entering air conditions: Dry bulb temperature = 80.0 F Wet bulb temperature 68.0 F
Enthalpy = 32'3 Btu/LBM

Humidity ratio = 83.3 grains/LBMA
Face velocity
550.00 FPM
=
6875.0 CFM
Comment: coil is 34.3 percent dry

Wet bulb temPerature = 57.1 F

EnthalPY = 24'4 Btu/LBMA umidity ratio = 68.7 Grains/LBMA

Leaving fluid temperature = 62.4 F ube side fluid velocity

=
4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 26.9 GPM

ube side head loss = 14.09 feet of water
Fin efficiency = .gg9
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 822.3 Btu/hr-SQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btuihr-SQFT-F
Exepts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br drstribution on a not-for-pro1lt basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnstion of his wrk beyond th permitled by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he ] 976 tJnied Stes Copyright ct without he permissin f the cpyrigh ner is unfu.
292
14-43. Coil DescriPtion.

ype of coil = Direct expansion Tube pattern Material
=
Staggered circular-fin-tube coil
Aluminum fins with copper tubes

air
Refrigerant tYPe = refrigerant22
Finned side fluid
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg
Face area
= 10.31 square feet
Height of heat exchanger = 24.8 inches Width of heat exchanger = 60.0 inches Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 4 Number of tubes per ro\ =
16
Circuits on tube side = 16
Fin pitch = 12
Fins/inch
Fin thickness .014 inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1.500 inches

Horizontal tube spacing = 1.300 inches
Tube outside diameter = .625 inches Tube wall thickness = .022 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-HR-SQFT-F Total heat transfer rate
Entering air conditions: Dry bulb temperatue = 82.0 F
purposS only to Ecets fim this work may be rprduced by instructors for drstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instutional of this ork beynd tht students enrolled in courses for which the texibook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnstin oner is unlful' permitted by Secins ] 07 or 08 f he ] 976 (nited Ses Cpyrght ct \hou the permissin of he copyrigh
241221.0 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = 162201'8 Btu/hr
293 Wet bulb temPerature

=
67.0 F
Enthalpy = 31.4 Btu/LBMA

umidity ratio = 74'9 Grains/LBM
Face velocity
500'00 FPM
=
5156.3 CFM
Comment: Coil is .0 Percent drY

Dry bulb temPerature = 52'2 F Wet bulb temperature 50.7 F
Enthalpy = 20.6 Btu/LBMA

Humidity ratio = 52.1 Grains/LBMA
Tube side conditions. Refrigerant saturation temperature = 35.0 F

Tube side pressure loss = 1.36 PSI Refrigerant quality entering/leaving evaporator = '29 Enthalpy change in evaporator = 62'75 Btu/LBM
Fin efficiency =
.679

=
Tube side heat transfer coefficient
375.5 Btu/hr-sQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 9.3 Btu/hr-SQF-F
14-44. Coil DescriPtion:

TYPe of coil = Steam
Tube pattern
Material
=
Triangular plate-fin-tube coil
Aluminum fins with copper tubes
ube side fluid = Steam Finned side fluid

=
Air

basis for testing or instructional purposes only to Excets frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distibution on a not-for-profit ny ther reprducion or trnslifi ofthiswrkbeynd ht Students enroled in courses for whih the texibook has been adopted. ihe permission of he copyrigh owner is unlrful' permitted by Sectins 07 r l iiin, ] 9t76 (Jnitecl Sttes Copjrght ,ci ithout
294
Face area = 12.00 square feet Height of heat exchanger = 24'0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 72'0 inches Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 2 Circuits on tube side = 16 Number of tubes per ro\M =
16
Finpitch=8Fins/inch
Fin thickness = .006 inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1.500 inches

orizontal tube spacing = 1'299 inches
ube outside diameter = '625 inches Tube wall thickness = .0'18 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F Total heat transfer rate Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature 60.0 F
=
-554503'6 Btu/hr
=
-55453'6 Btu/hr
Face velocitY
750'00 FPM
=
ir volume flow rate Leaving air conditions:
9000.0 cFM
Dry bulb temperature 116'1 F
Tube side conditions: Steam temPerature

= 227
'1 F
=
Steam saturation pressure
5'000 PSIG
Air pressure loss = '269 inches of water Fin efficiency = .738 surface effectiveness = '756
purposes only to on a not-for_profit basis for tsting or instrutional Excets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors 1br distribution ny her reprucion or rnsltion f his ork beyond th students enrolled in ourses tbr w*ch the texibook has b..n uJo|t"d. ner is unful' isiz Lnitel Ses cpyrglt ,ci thout the permission of he copyright permitted by Sections ] 07 r l ^"i
'n,
295
14-44. (continued)
ube side heat transfer coefficient = 2051.7 Btu/hr-SQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.6 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
14-45. Coil DescriPtion:

Type of coil
=
Water or brine solution
Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube coil Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
ubesidefluid=3Oo/oethyleneglycolsolution
Finned side fluid
=
ir
Face area
= 5.56
square feet
Height of heat exchanger = 20'0 inches Width of heat exchanger = 40'0 inches Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 2 Circuits on tube side = 4 Number of tubes per ro\/ =
16
Fin pitch
Fins/inch
Fin thickness = .008 inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches Tube outside diameter = .500 inches Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
Insidetubefoulingfactor=.OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F
'1'0 inch(s) Diameter of inlet pipe/header =
Total heat transfer rate
-9610'1 Btu/hr
=

'n,
-90610'1 Btu/hr
purposes only to distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional EXcetS fiom this work may be reprodued by instructors tbr ny other reproucion or rcnsion of his ork beyond ht aJopte. students enrolled in ourses fbr which the texibook has been copyrigh oner is unlfu' i sz (Jnied SeS cip)rgt 'ci hu ihe permission of he permited by Secions ] 07 or l ^"i
296 Entering air conditions:

Face velocity
650.00 FPM
=
ir volume flow rate
3611.1 cFM
Leaving air conditions:


Entering flud temperature = 150.O F
Leaving fluid temperature = 128.4 F Tube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS Cooling or heating iquid flow rate
= 9.O
GPM
ir pressure loss = '186 inches of water ube side head loss ='10.13 feet of water
Fn efficiency
.83'1

= 796.O
Tube side heat transfer coefficient
Btu/hr-SQF-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-seFT-F Mean temperature difference = -57.6 F here is a 5 percent reduction in capacity and increased pressure loss on the tube side.
14-46. Coil Description:

Type of coil Material
Excts
Water or brine solution Staggered plate-fin-tube coil

= 30o
ube pattern
=
luminum fins with copper tubes

ethylene glycol solution
nytherreprucionrrnstioiofhislorkbeynith
Tube side fluid
studentsenroIedincoursesfrwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis or testing or instrutional purposes only to
permited by Sectins ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh ct
ithu ihe permission of he copyright olner is unlful.
Finned side fluid
Air
297
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg
Face area = 12.50 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 30.0 inches Width of heat exchanger = 60.0 inches Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 5 Number of tubes per
ro\/ =
24
Circuits on tube side = 12
Fin pitch = 12
Fins/inch
Fin thickness .008 inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches ube outside diameter = .500 inches ube wall thickness = .016 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inet pipe/header = 2'5 inch(s)
Total heat transfer rate = 211374.2 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = 155955.9 Btu/hr

Entering air conditions: Dry bulb temperature 80. F
Wet bulb temperature 68.0 F

EnthalPY = 32'3 Btu/LBMA umidity ratio = 83.3 Grains/LBMA
Face velocity
550.00 FPM
=
ir volume flow rate
6875.0 cFM
Comment: Coil is 43.6 percent dry

Excerpts from this rrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pro1'it basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin of trns.]tin ofthis ork beyond ht pemied by Secions ] 07 or 08 f he l 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct |ihout he permission of the copyrigh oner is unlwfu.
298
14-46. (continued)
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature 58.6 F Wet bulb temperature 58.2 F
Enthalpy = 25'1 Btu/LBMA

Humidity ratio = 71.4 Grains/LBM

Leaving fluid temPerature ube side fluid velocity

=
62.0 F
4'00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 26'9 GPM
ir pressure loss
= .756
inches of water
Tube side head loss = 18.13 feet of water

Fin efficiency =
.699
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 476.4 Btu/hr-sQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btu-hr-SQFT-F The capacity is reduced by about 9 percent, the pressure loss on the
tube side is increased and the leaving air temperatures have increased
by about 1 degree.
14-47. Check Examples 14-1 through 14-5
Coil Description:
Type of Coil Material
=
Water or Brine Solution
ube Pattern = Staggered Plate_Fin-Tube Coil

=
luminum Fins With Copper Tubes

'n,
basis for testing or instrutional purpses nly to Excerpts 1ior this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit reproducion or rnstion f his work beyond th students enroled in ourses for whih the texibook has been adopted. ny oher ]976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ,ci ithou ihe permission of he copyright oner is unlwfu' permited by Sectins ] 07 or l o i7
Tube Side Fluid
Water
=
299
Finned Side Fluid
Air
Finned Side Air Pressure Face Area
0. FT. of levation
2.17 Square Feet
eight of Heat Exchanger = 12.5 ]nches Width of Heat Exchanger = 25.0 linches Number of Rows of Tubes in the ir Flow Direction = 5 Number of Tubes Per Row =
10
Circuits on ube Side = 5
Fin Ptch = 8
Fins/lnch
Fin Thickness = .006 lnches
Vertical Tube Spacing = 1.250lnches

Horizontal Tube Spacing = 1.083 lnches
Tube Outside Diameter = .525 lnches

Tube Wall Thickness = .015 lnches
lnside Tube Fouling Factor = .0000 R-FT2_F/Btu

Diameter of Inlet Pipe/eader = 1.3 lnch(s)
Total Heat ransfer Rate = -133026.9 Btu/HR
Sensible Heat Transfer Rate = -133026.9 BtuiHR

Entering ir Conditions: Dry Bulb emperature = 50.0 F
Face Velocity = 950.00 FPM ir Volume Flow Rate= 2061.6 cFM

Leaving Air Conditions: Dry Bulb Temperature = 107.6 F
Tube Side Conditions: Entering Fluid Temperature = 150.0 F

EXcerpts fim this work may be reproduced by instrutrs or drstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purpses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reproducon or trnsion of this ork beyond th permited by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he 976 United Saes Cpyrigh ct withu he permission of he copyright oner is unl:ful.
300
Leaving Fluid Temperature = 128.3 F ube Side Fuid Velocity
4.00 FPS
Cooling or Heating Liquid Flow Rate = 12.5 GPM
ir Pressure Loss = 1.13'1 lnches of Water

Tube Side Head Loss Fin EfficieCy
6.77 Feet of Water
= '750
Surface Effectiveness = '771
Tube Side eat Transfer Coefficient = '1 354.2 Btu/hr-SQF-F Finned Side eat ransfer Coefficient = '19.5 Btu/hr-SQF-F Mean Temperature Difference
=
-58.5 F
he above results show that a 5 row coil would easily satisfy

the specified requirements. he manual calculation of the
examples are very conservative.
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnsltion f this wrk beyond h permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 Unied SteS Copyrigh ct 1ihout he permission of he copyrigh owner is unlful'
Excets from this wrk may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis fr testing or instrutional purps, on1y to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been ]07 or ]08 adoptd. ny ther repiodiction r trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections is unlwful. o7 ile lz (]nited Smtes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner iequests for permission or furtier-idormtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn Wiley & Sons, nc, 11 Rier Street, Hoboken, ]\J 07030.
Chapter 15
15-1
COP
qe/\rv;
UseP-idiagram
_V = i+_ig =119.5_105.5
= - 14.0 Btu
lbm
p
4
Q"=il -i=42'5-119'5
=
-77 Btu / lbm
ooF
tlooF
14
ooF
g"=-Q"+\M=77-14
=
63 Btu / lbm
(a) (b)
COP=63 114=4.5
CoP"".n.1 = 50
l (570- 5)
%
7'14
0r=
(c)
4.5 7.14
0.63 or 63
= Q"
coP
10 (12,000) _26,667 Btu 4.5

=
lhr =
1.5
HP N
7.8 kW
then
ton 10 =
HP
10'5
1.O5 and
=O.22 kW
=
(d)
Qe = hQe o h =
10 (12,000)
63
1905 lbm / hr = 0.24 kg /s
300
(e) W
10.5 HP from (c) above = 7.8 kW
(f)
PD
rhv.
1905_0'68) = 21'6 ft3 / min 60
O.O1 m3 / s
15-2
2.5 kW; rh = 0.05 kg / s _v
(a) 8c=il_i,
i+
i+_i
=ig
_W / rir
398.4 + 2'5 / 0.5 = 448'4 kJ / kg

448'4
=
Qc = i1
-i4:260'3 -i4
=
-188'1 kJ / kg
kJ / kg
/ kg
w
9e
i3
398.4
- 448'4: -50
9c -\M
- 188.1-50 : 138.1 kJ
(b) COP
(
(c) (d)
= 138.1 I 50 = 2.76
)carnot =
coP
#*:3.86
o/o
= 448'4 kJ / kg from part (a)
0r = 2.76 /
3.86 = 0 '72 or 72
15-3
R- 134a; Energy Balane

rh1i1 +
mi =m2i2+ rh5i5
rh1 =
fi2=
rh3 = rh = rhs
is =
i.l
+i _iz
= 44'94
101 '54 _ 37.98
: 108'5
Btu / Ibm
Ps
= P+
:16.6 Psia
!
-r0
F
100 F sat. liquid
w=i6-is,So=Ss
P1: 138.8 Pjsla 5
sat. vapor 80 F
Excerptsfromthiswrkmaybereproduedbyinstructorsfordistributionona.not-for-profitbasisfortestingorinstructionalpurposesonlyto ,l -_...__^ll^r;^^^llfaAqfnru,lihthetextbkhasbeenadontel. notherreroducionortrnsliono{thiswrkb?bdth^2v":1'^)
_
301 io
:'127 Btu / lbm lChart
3]
\/
127 - 108.5 = 18.5 Btu / lbm
Qe = i+
_i3 : i
_iz =
1o1 '54
37'98 = 63'6
15-3 (continued)
^t ton rhge
HP
TT8
132
P
ton
15-4
HP
(18.5) 778 (12,ooo) =1.37 (63.6) 60 (33,000)
t9
_ 0 =| 1+ C
.
L
^ c rr..1l"'
I
\PoJl
v3 vb
n = k = 1.17; 1
ln= 0.855
P./P6:180120:9
v3
r80
P
2
v6= ? -1I: 2.38

=|+
o.9o [chart 4 tab le 3a] 0.90

=
(a)
nu
uuu] O.O3 - o.03 (9)o

]11
0.75
,..
: ftua or 'v
PD
PD
v3
0u lb
/ ft3
rh PD
(b)
0.75 2.14
,
* o.15_ o.15 (91o'ss
0.90
0.15
Exemtsfrmthiqrnrl-tra\,L--__-^j,'^^lL-.:__}_'.â^.^.--f,j_+-:!_,'+:^-_-___^}^--.nfi'+-"iaff
tt;frinctrlotinnql
nllrnnssnnlvt^
rh /
PD =
0.15 t 2-14 = O'07 lb / ft3
o'07 (e\ fr, - tro \v" rha = 1- 0.35 = o.8o or 80 %
(d) Power is directly proportional
to the mass flow rate
therefore, Power compares as in (c) above'

0 =o'7o
15-5
4
P
cyl
=
3" bore, 4" stroke, 800 rPm
49]
psia (chart 3) psia (chart 3)

=
1
= 138.8
2 qsoF
'o4 ft3 / Ibm;
fr2, / PD; 2a
Table -2a @ 55 F / 52 psia

_ Qz = rh (i2 )
a PD= Gl() 00) = 52.36

1728
i __i = 46 Btu / tbm
iz = 112 Btu / lbm
ft3 / min
1z=Pt" (iz_,.,l 2a
#f4
(.'46)
2g26 Btu / min
or
15-6
912=139,560 Btu/hr = 11'6tons
R-22, assume suPerheat = 20 F

_.
--
__^fi+
L-.].
f^f tea1in nr instnlctina nurooses onlv to
303
Subcooling = 10 F
(a)
3t
P 90
120 E
-3
\
t.
130 F, te
45 F
'15-6 (Continued)
P |1
;.} b* 4\'d
tl:130-10=120F
35
i:iz:46
(b)
Btu / lb
Q" = 144,000 Btu / hr (Fig. 15-7)
Wc
14.8
kW = 50,498
Btu / hr
=
(c)
te
32.5
(Fig. 1 5-); W
13.3 kW
15-7
Refer to Fig ' 15-7 cP = 133,000 Btu/hr te= 47 F
l1
.'jL''L:^-.^_-^^+f^r-nrnfithasisfrtestinsorinstructional purposesonyto
304
Evapl a),( c)
t-
o () o
o (d
-
(,
-
_
b)
o(a)( c)
io
orator
15-8
Design
Pointo
-o(
-c
o o o
13.7
oc
()
'
o(
Measured Operating Points

Excerpts from this work may students enrolled in courses by Secions ]07 r ]08 f he 1976 United
S*ewff#{&eff&Etrwib,gerugffi'"'^''n'''
his work
only to h permied
-305
Pe = 69
psia; te
30
(able A-4)
'1
(a) he condensing temperature is still about
'15
F, but the
evaporating temperature is low, about 30 to 31 F.
(b)
(q
_q) / a
1_*=0.36
305
or 36 % low
(c)
lt appears that the evaporator is not loading the compressor.
Check for proper air fow over evaporator. Fan speed may be
low or an obstruction exists.
15-9
Suction valve,
P:2
psia
= 4 psia
Discharge valve, P
'10
lz s
ssia
sat R-22 ao '
P=90.73psia
,-
F S.H. in intake man. and cyl.
Piston clearance=5o'
u=|
r"']"nl " 1+C_.

1
rPoJ.]
]
450F
uo
Excrpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to l students enroled in ctlrses fnr whinh tL +__}L^^l'- L^^ L^^- ^j^_'
V3 = Vg at 45
F;
vg = 0.604 ft3 / lbm (able -3a)
vo
0.66 ft3 / lbm (Chart 4 at 55 F / 89 psia)

Pb = 90.73
Pc=275+4= 279 psia;
-2= 88.73 psia
n:1.16, C=0.05
(a)
(b)
ri'r
o" =| 1+ O.O5 _ o.O5
L "_v'v's&rcJ
(+\1/1
16l /o o+\
.*
0'e
.,l
- ry, (PD) / v. :
(.838) 20 / 0.604
27.75|bmlmin N 0.2 kg /s I
]
(c)
=!, W=*o",[[
*
=
P.
.n-1
n
I P)
-11
I
I
1J9(ss.73)
0.16'
(144) (o .66) l (
)l ' '|(8zs)_.'
l, 2'79 ,oi6
15-9 (cont inued)

=
1
0,466 ft - lbf
/lbm
x 31 kJ/kg
1.1.0
w _27.75(10,4666) _
0.80(33,00) '15-10 (a)
HP x
8.2 kW
ou
'
=|l+ O.04
_ o.o4
Note: n average value
'u'
)'''o]
c>f
*l
k assumed and 2 psi p res. loss
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
ctrr.lan+. ^--îri
307
assumed in suction header and valve.

Tv = 0.90,
h =
(PD) u
lz
19
*p=zoo
ir
= 9'4 (.90) l 0'74 rh ='l
o6o
'55
tz 6.
t"
\l
I I
oor
1.44 lbm / min
60.oF
I
\ l ['] -_1!- (53)/ 44 (o'77)/L53/ (1'4_1) \

1
1'4_1
=94 91( ft _ lb / lbm
vl =
fr*
0m
9491 (11.44) / (0.9 x778)

3O,OOO
1t55
Btu / min
QH=+Q=(155x60) +
= 39,3ooBtu/hr
15-10 (Continued)
or qH
655 Btu / min
W23 =i2
-i3,
iZ
=iZt
W = 133 +
j9491
778
=125.2Btu / bm
9 = ia
_i3i
i = 9 +iu =
_#+
11.44
+125'2= 68 Btu / lbm
(b)
lteration is required
P3 will decrease with the lighter load but Pz is (P3 / P2) t'n will be about the same
also lower and
as part
(a);
2 l 6 will be about constant. Then Tv : Constant.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis
-+,,f,^-+-.-.---rl j
flr testin r l'nstnlctina nlrnses
onlv to
308
However , 2= O.85 and rh
=
: (PD) l e
(9.4) 0.87 / 0.85
9.62 lbm / min.

=
oWW
W=
(1
9491 (48)(1 03) : 53 (0.77) 778
14.78 Btu / tbm
4.78) (9.62) (601 = 8530 Btu/hr;
Qn = 8530 + 24,000 = 32,530 Btuihr
Which assumes Ps I Pz is constant and 2 psi pres. loss in the

valve.
ie = iz
t w :83.5
14'78 --94'3 Btu / lbm
i =iz_ 9z = 111_24,000 / 9'62 (60) = 69'4 Btu / lbm
,,
(50) = 188
psia
18
Ps
41.9 .83.5 9 4.3
t
15-11
Reduced air flow reduces the load on the evaporator. Without suction pressure control the evaporator pressure will decrease
until condensate will freeze and completely block the
evaporator air flow. Liquid refrigerant will return to the
purposes only to xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
309
compressor and eventually cause the compressor suction valve to fai.

15-12
lnstall an evaporator pressure regulator set to maintain a pressure such that the temperature of the evaporator surface will not decrease below the freezing point for water.
15-'13
lnstall a suction pressure regulator on the compressor inlet. he regulator shoud be set to limit the suction pressure to a
level compatible with the compressor capacity.
15-14 (a) Using chart 2 with the construction shown,

the final temperature is 9 F
(b)
'v - L=!=0.18s m ( 20
18.5
o/o
or
i
vapor (Use chart 2)
15-15
Using chart 2
X3
=
tb ammonia/lb sol.
=
0.495; ts
125 F
l8ooF
28ooF
Tz7 l6TT-sia
0.25
.495
+
Excerpts from this rork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutiona purposes only to students enrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslin of this work beond h nemilto) by Sectins ]07 or ]08 fhe !Q76 [nifa'] Slnlo" r'^'.'-':'-'' ''
310
15-16
(coP)ma, = :fd: \ _ - /la

Tg(To _
=
)'
T^ = '9 -
180
460
64OR;
Te=75
460
535
R;
To
=]00
460 = 560 R
(COP)ma x = 2.675
15-17
Refer to Chart 5 for saturated vapor at 10 mm hg.
Vapor must first be condensed to sat. liquid at

Q" = irs,
i'n =
'10 mm hg.
Table -1a;
164.8 Btu/lbmu for 1 lbm of vapor o 9. = 1064.8 Btu
at 50 F, P = 0.178 psia or 15-17 (continued)
P = 10 mm hg Locate point I at x Locate point s atx

= =
0; P
= 10 mm hg
0.6 ; P = 10 mm hg
ffru=1;m.=5
ms5mv mm6ms
5lv = ; tS = i ob
E
x 45'5
37.g
(depends on scale used)
(a) x = 0.50 (b)

Q, =
i, -
io =
-50
(-70) = 20 Btu / lbm of solution
Exerpts rom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enoled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th pemed by Sectins 07 or ]08 ofhe ]976 tnited Ss Canrioh ?r1!a!"^''a n'^ ' '
311
Qtot
: 1064.8
i
+ (6
x 20) = 1 ,184.8 Btu
lm
ib
70
\m -1
h9
0.5
0.6
0.8
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_profit basis fo testing or instructional purposes only to students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of his ork beyond th permited b Sections ]07 or ]08 fhe ]976 [kitad Stntc nh1'';-L} ^l''':'1''' ' ''
311
ADDENDUM
to Solutions Manua fr McQuiston, VAC 6e Probem 6-10 For the floor, it is unlear what2 in. vertial edge insulation means (whether 2 in. is the thikness of insulation or the depth of the edge insulated). . The solution assumes that the insulation has R-value of 5.4 hr-ft2-oF/Btu and the depth of the edge is 2 ft. For the door, Table 5-8 in the 6th edition does not have U-value for the wood storm door and there are three types of the wood door with 1 % in. thickness. The solution assumes that the doors are panel doors with metal storm dor; hene, its U-value is 0.28 But/hr-ft'-'F.
robem 7-9
The standard time zone for ottawa, ontario is astern Standard Time instead of Central Standard Time. The solution uses Eastern Standard Time.
Prblem 7-14
For the specified loatin, the sunset ours before 9:00 p.m. CDST on June 21. The solution uses 8:0 p.m. CDST instad of 9:00 p.m.
Prblems 8-25 and 8-26

Both problems do not specifu the window orientation. . The solutions assume the west-facing window for both prblems.
Tabte 8-20
Reommended radiative and convetive frations for solar heat gains should be revised sine the 6th edition uses the SHGC values in the calulation of the (ombined) solar heat gain for the RS methd.
Example 8-16
he example actually uses 90%/10% of radiative/onvetive split of the cmbined solar
and 6301370 for the absorbed slar heat gain.
heatgain. owever,thetext (page270) says 100%/0oforthetransmittedsolarheatgain
L--**-
312
Probems 8_25 and 8-26

The solutions for both problems use 90%11,0% for the combined solar heat gain.
Exampe
9_1
The alulation for this example should be
"
('111?2oi19.']!o:9 _ 22'606 (0.ssx70- 0)(1000)
(Changing 13 to24 and 122790 to 122606).

McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions

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SOLUTION MANUAL

(a) 120 kPa x

lbf / in2 = 17.4 lbf/in2 6.89476kPa

W x 0.5778 = 57.8 Btu/hr-ft-F m K

x 0.1761 = 0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-F

(d) 10-6 N-s/m2 x

1 lbm = 6.7 x 10-7 1.488 ft sec

(e) 1200 kW x 3412 = 4.1 x 10-6 Btu/hr

1 Btu 1 kg Btu kJ x x = 430 1.055 kJ 2.2046 lbm lbm kg m ) = 15.2 m ft

15.2 m 9.807 N x ( ) x 1000 (kg/m3) = 149 kPa 1000 Pa/kPa 1 kg

m kg 4 9.807 N (ft) x 0.3048 ( ) x ( ) x 1000 ( 3 ) ft 12 1 kg m

kw - hrs ( 0.045 ) $ / kw hr + ( 624 ) kw (11 50 ) $ / kw

+ $68 = $4,320 + $7,176 + $68 = $11,564

hrs days (22) = 242 hrs / month day months

( 624 ) kw = 1.57 ( 96,000 ) kw hr ( 242 ) hr

1-8 Determine present worth of savings using eq. 1-1

(a) Q = VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s

m = Q = 6.16 x 10-3 x 998 = 6.15 kg/s

(0.3)2 = 7.07 x 10-2 m2

Q = 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

1 1 x = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s 4 3600

m3 kg kJ kJ q = (1) ( 983.2) 3 ( 4.183 ) ( 5 )c = 20,564 s kg K s m q = 20,564 kw

5000x60x14.7x144x0.24(t 2 50) (53.35x510)

11,200 = 5601.5 (t2-50); t2 = (11,200/5601.5) + 50 = 70 F 1-13 Diagram as in 1-12 above.

29,400 = 85.3 C 6279

1-14 q = hA(ts- t ) A= (1/12) x 10 = 2.618 ft2

q = hA(ts- t ) q 1250 = ; h = 4.42 W/(m2 C) h= A(t s -t ) 3.1416(100 10)

= P/RT = 14.7x144/53.35(76+460) = 0.074 lbm/ft3

1-17 m1cp (t3-t1) +

(m1t1 + m2t 2 ) (m1 + m2 ) 14.7x144 = 73.5 lbm/min 53.35(460 + 50)

14.7x144 = 46.7 lbm/min 53.35(460 + 50)

(73.5x80) + (46.7 x 50) = 68.3 F (73.5 + 46.7)

P 1430 Pv = 0.0104 kg/m3 = RvT or v = v ; v = Rv T 462.5(297) v

0.196(144) = 0.00062 lbv/ft3 85.78(535)

0.6219(0.196) = 0.00854 lbv/lba 14.5

Pv 0.6219 (0.507) = = 0.0222 lbv/lba Pa (14.696 0.507)

i = 0.24t + W(1062.2 + 0.444t) i = 0.24 (80) + 0.0222[1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 43.55 Btu/lbm

Ra T 53.35(460 + 80) = = 13.61 ft3/lbm Pa (14.696 0.507)144

0.6219(0.089) lbmv = 0.00379 (14.696 0.089) lbma

i = 0.24(32) + 0.00379 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] = 11.76 Btu/lbma v= 3-2

53.35(492) = 12.48 ft3/lbma (14.696 0.089)144

Pv 0.6219(3.6) kgv = = 0.0229 Pa (101.325 3.6) kga

i = 1.0t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) kJ/kga i = 27 + 0.0229(2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 85.43 kJ / kga v=

Ra T 0.287(300) = =0.88 m3 /kga Pa (101.325 - 3.6)

(b) SI Units 0.0C; 101.325 kPa Pv = 0.61 kPa, Table A-1b W=

0.6219(0.61) =0.00377 kgv/kga (101.325 - 0.61)

i = 0.0 + 0.00377 (2501.3 1.86 x 0.0) = 9.42 kJ/kga v=

0.287(273) = 0.778 m3 /kga (101.325 - 0.61)

Pv 0.6219(0.507) = = 0.0269 lbv/lba Pa (12.24 - 0.507)

i = 0.24(80) + 0.0269 [1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 48.7 Btu/lbma v=

RaT 53.35(540) = = 17.05 ft3 / lbma Pa (12.24 - 0.507) 144

(b) English Units t = 32 F, Pv = 0.089 psia ( Table A-1a) W=

0.6219(0.089) = 0.00456 lbmv/lbma (12.24 0.089)

i = 0.24(32) + 0.00456 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] =12.58 Btu/lbma v= 3-3

53.35(492) = 15.00 ft3/lbma (12.24 0.089)144

0.6219x3.60 = 0.0277 kgv/kga (84.436 3.60)

i = 27 + 0.0277 (2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 97.68 kJ/kga

0.287x300 (84.436 - 3.60)

0.6219 x 0.61 = 0.00453 kgv / kga (84.436 - 0.61)

i = 0.0 + 0.00453 (2501.3 0.0 x 1.86) = 11.33 kJ / kga v=

0.287 x 273 = 0.935 m3 / kga (84.436 - 0.61)

English Units 70F, Pv = 0.363 psia

Pv = Pg = 0.75(0.363) = 0.272 psia W=