Waves Problem Set #2 Physics 1402 QUESTIONS 1.

In some science fiction movies, the explosion of a starship can apparently be heard in another starship. Is this possible? Is there any way the explosion can produce sound inside the second ship? If you touch a guitar string very lightly at its midpoint, you can hear a tone that is one octave above the fundamental for that string. (A tone that is an octave above another tone has twice the frequency.) Explain. What experimental evidence is there for assuming that the speed of sound in air is the same for all wavelengths? If the pressure amplitude of a sound wave is doubled, what happens to the displacement amplitude, the intensity, and the intensity level? The resonant frequencies of wind instruments rise as an orchestra warms up. Explain why. For the human voice, considered as a musical instrument, what is the generator? What is the resonator? How can one distinguish between the voices of a soprano and a tenor? What physical properties of a sound wave correspond to the perceptions of pitch, loudness, and tone quality? An observer and a source of sound waves are fixed relative to each other. If a strong wind blows toward the observer, (a) is the wavelength changed? (b) is the wave velocity changed? (c) is the frequency changed? Suppose that, in the Doppler effect for sound, the source and receiver are at rest in some reference frame, but the air is moving with respect to this frame. Will there be a change in the wavelength (or frequency) received? Why does middle C played on an oboe sound differently from middle C played on a piano?

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PROBLEMS 11. A man strikes a long aluminum rod at one end. Another man, at the other end with his ear close to the rod, hears the sound of the blow twice (once through air and once through the rod), with a 0.120-s interval between. How long is the rod? Your sonic range-finder measures the distance to a nearby building at 20 m. The rangefinder is calibrated for sound traveling 343 m/s, but on this cold day the speed of sound is only 324 m/s. How far away is the building? The shortest wavelength emitted by a bat is about 3.3 mm. What is the corresponding frequency? A horn near the beach emits a 440 Hz sound wave. (a) What is the wavelength of the sound wave in air? The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s. (b) What is the wavelength of the sound wave in seawater? The speed of sound in seawater is 1520 m/s. - 55 LC

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When two organ pipes open at both ends are sounded, 4 beats/s are heard. If the longer pipe is 1000 mm long, how long is the other pipe? Sound with spherical wave fronts is emitted from a 1.0-W source. Assuming the energy of the waves is conserved, what is the intensity (a) 1.0 m from the source and (b) 2.5 m from the source? The sound intensity level of a violin being placed solos is 50 dB at a distance of 8 m. Find the power output of the violin. A 15.0-cm-long violin string, fixed at both ends, oscillates in its n =1 mode. The speed of waves on the string is 250 m/s, and the speed of sound in air is 348 m/s. What are (a) the frequency and (b) the wavelength of the emitted sound wave? A tube 1.20 m long is closed at one end. A stretched wire is placed near the open end. The wire is 0.330 m long and has a mass of 9.60 g. It is fixed at both ends and vibrates in its fundamental mode. It sets the air column in the tube into oscillation at its fundamental frequency by resonance. Find (a) the frequency of oscillation of the air column and (b) the tension in the wire. An auditorium has organ pipes at the front and at the rear of the hall. Two identical pipes, one at the front and one at the back, have fundamental frequencies of 264.0 Hz at 20.0 C. During a performance, the organ pipes at the back of the hall are at 25.0 C, while those at the front are still at 20.0 C. What is the beat frequency when the two pipes sound simultaneously? Two identical piano wires have a fundamental frequency of 600 Hz when kept under the same tension. What fractional increase in the tension of one wire will lead to the occurrence of 6 beats/s when both wires oscillate simultaneously? A whistle used to call a dog has a frequency of 30 kHz. The dog, however, ignores it. The owner of the dog, who cannot hear sounds above 20 kHz, wants to use the Doppler effect make certain that the whistle is working. She asks a friend to blow the whistle from a moving car while the owner remains stationary and listens. (a) How fast must the car move and in what direction for the owner to hear the whistle at 20 kHz? Is the experiment practical? (b) Repeat for a whistle frequency of 22 kHz instead of 30 kHz. A source and an observer are each traveling at 0.50 times the speed of sound. The source emits sound waves at 1.0 kHz. Find the observed frequency if (a) the source and observer are moving toward each other; (b) the source and observer are moving away from each other; (c) the source and observer are moving in the same direction. A person in a car is driving at 20 m/s toward a ferry whose whistle is blowing at 400 Hz. (a) What frequency does she hear? (b) The ferry leaves the dock and heads directly away from the driver at 5 m/a, still blowing its whistle. What frequency does she hear now (assume the car is still moving toward the ferry)? The song of a certain bird is as high as 8 kHz. Many people who have lost some of their high-frequency hearing cant hear it al all. Suppose that you are out in the woods and hear the song. If the intensity of the song at your position is 1.4 x 10-8 W/m2 and the frequency is 6.0 kHz, what are the pressure and displacement amplitudes? (Assume the temperature is 20C.)

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