1

(. . )
NH3 ,
,
.
,
, ,
. ,
,
:
R3

N
R1

R3

R
N

R2

R1

OH
R2

R , R1 , R2 , R3 .
.
nH2n+1-NH2,
(nH2n+1)2NH ..

R-NH2

-NH 2

CH3NH2

CH3

NH
R1

NH

R1
R2

CH3
CH3

+
N

CH3

OH

C6H5NH2

C6H5

C6H5

NH
NH
NH
C2H5
C6H5
CH3
- -

C2H5
C6H5
CH3

N
N
N
CH3
CH3 C6H5
C6H5 CH3 C6H5

+
N

CH3

()
- NH4OH .
,
, ... .

2
:

CH3NH2

H2NCH2CH2NH2

(1,2-)

H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2

3N25

:
. - .
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2

NH2
2-

1-
CH3
CH3CH2NH2

NH2

CH3-CH2-C-NH2
CH3

2--2-

. - ,
.
NH2
3CH2NH2

() -
- - :
CH3
H
NH2
N
N
CH3
CH3

N-

N,N-

IUPAC .

- , . :

3
CH3
CH3CH2NH2

NH2

CH3-CH2-C-NH2
CH3

CH3-NH-CH 2CH2CH3
N-

1,1-
CH3
CH3-N-CH 2CH3
N,N-

CH3
N
CH3
N,N-

,
-. :
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2

CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-NH2
2-

CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
NH2
2-
CH3
CH3-C-NH2
CH3
1,1-

,
( - ):
3NHCH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2NHCH2CH3
N-
N-

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
, .

.
+NH3
Cu(I)

4
CH3I + 2NH3 CH3NH2 + NH4I; CH3NH2 + CH3I NH4I + (CH3)2NH ;
(CH3)2NH + CH3I + NH3 (CH3)3N + NH4I
CH3
(CH3)3N + CH 3I =
CH3

+
N

CH3

CH3

300 .
R-OH + H - NH 2

Al2O3
R-NH 2 + H 2O
o
300 C

- 1842 .
. .

. :
65NO2 + 3Zn + 6HCl = C6H5NH2 + 3ZnCl2 + 2H2O

,
- Pd , Ni Cu:
NO2
+ 3H 2

NH2

tC
cat.

2H 2O +

Cu , - Pd Ni
.
,
,
.
=N-H ... :N
- ,
- .

-
-
.
,
.

,

:
N : . H O H

5
,
. ,
, - -
. ,
. ,
, , . .
,
.
.

. ,
,
:

: NH2

NH2

NH2

IR > 0

IH = 0

INH < 0
MNH > 0
[MNH ] > [INH ]
2

,
, .


.
.
,
(IR > 0 ) ,
,
.
- , - .
,
,
,
, : , - ,
-
. -
.
.
R
H - NH 2

R
NH

NH2
R

N
R

6
sp3- .
sp3- .
CNH HNH , - 109 (- 1070) - ..
,
. ,
:

N
N
H

H
H

N
N
CH3

CH3
CH3

CH3
CH3
CH3

sp2-
.
-
, - .


- .

120 :

H
N
H
, . :
(INH < 0 )
( ) 2

7
(NH > 0 ).
,
,
,
, .
- .
:
2

NH3 > C6H5NH2 > C6H5NHC6H5

, .
, ,-
- -.
,
.
N-H
-
.
,
N-H - .

1. :
H
HN
H
H
H3C N
H

+ H + OH

+ H + OH

+
H
HNH
H
H
H3C N H
H

+ OH

+
+ OH

. ,
,
:
H +
NH2

NH2
+

+ H + OH

+ OH

, -
. - ,
.
2. - (
):

8
H
HN
H

+ H + Cl

H
H3C N
H

+ H + Cl

+
H
HNH
H

+ Cl

+
H
H3C N H
+ Cl
H

, -
:
H +
NH2

NH2
+

+ H + Cl

+ Cl

, .
, .
-,
- .

(
, NH4+ - . VA .):
3-NH3+Cl

+ NaOH = CH3-NH2 () + NaCl + H2O

3. , , -

:

NH2

NH2
Br
+ 3Br 2

Br

3HBr +
Br
2,4,6-
( )

,

.
: -,
- .

9
, ( )
- . ,
- -
- -
.
4.
, ,
-
.
,
.

,
, ,
.
n HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH + n H2N-(CH2)6-NH2

[-OC-(CH2)4-CONH-(CH2)6-NH-]n

, 2001 .

nH2O