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isontherise,butitswidespreadacceptanceasa significantwaytoreducethedamagecausedby smokycookingfireswillneedgreatersupportfromthe internationaldevelopmentcommunity.SolarCookers International(SCI)boardmemberPatriciaMcArdle andAfzalSyedoftheDaralNoorMosque congregationcontributedtothisgoalbyhostingawell attendedsolarcookingdemonstrationatSyed's mosqueinManassas,VirginiaonSaturdayJuly9. SolarHouseholdEnergycofounderLouiseMeyerand twoSHEvolunteersfromWashingtonDCalso participatedinthisevent.ApopularDCradioshow interviewwithMcArdleabouthernovelFarishtatwo daysbeforetheevent,drewlargecrowdsfromaround thenorthernVirginia/DCmetroregion.Visitors sampledavarietyoftraditionalandmodernfoods (lentils,rice,eggs,spicedpotatoes,mixed vegetables,dahl,popcorn,chaiteaandfordessert, chocolate,yellow,lemonandspicecakes)allofwhich werebaked,boiled,friedandroastedinthemanysolarcookermodelsondisplay.McArdlealsodemonstrated aStoveTecrocketstoveandaretainedheatcookingbasketinherintegratedcookingmethoddisplay. MembersoftheDaralNoorMosquecommunityandotherMuslimvisitorstoldMcArdlethatsolarcooking technologywouldbeanextremelyusefuladditiontothecookingdevicescurrentlyusedbypeopleintheirsun drenched,fuelstarvedhomecountries,includingP ,Morocco,Afghanistan,Nigeria,Egypt,Yemen, Somalia,SudanandbyDarfurrefugeesinChad.TheeventwasinitiallyproposedbyMr.Syed,amemberof theDaralNoorcommunity,whoattendedaJanuary2011solarcookingdemonstrationattheUNinNewYork, organizedbySCIboardmemberAJLedermanandhostedbySCIExecutiveDirectorAmyJoMattheis.Soon afterseeingthatexhibit,Mr.SyedtraveledtohishomecountrywithseveralCookits,whichhedemonstrated toamazedfriendsandneighborsinPakistan.Mr.Syedandhisfamilyareconvincedthatthewidespread Samplingsolarcookedlentils,rice,potatoes, eggs,mixedvegetables,dal,popcorn,tea,andfor dessert,chocolate,yellow,lemonandspicecakes attheDaralNoorMosque,July2011.

introductionofsolarcookingtechnologyinPakistancoulddramaticallyreducethequantitiesoffirewood, charcoalandLPGthatarecurrentlyconsumedatgreatexpenseandwithseriousenvironmentalcosts.The manyvisitorsattendingtheDaralNoorMosquesolarcookerexhibitagreed,asdoesMcArdle,whohasserved forthepastsixmonthsasasolarcookingexpertontheGlobalAllianceforCleanCookstovesFueland Technologyworkinggroup.McArdleiscontinuingwithhereffortstoconvincetheGACCandtheU.S. DepartmentofEnergytogiveasmuchsupporttoR&Dforsolarthermalcookingtechnologyastheyare currentlydevotingtotheimprovementofwoodburningfuelefficientstoves($12.5million).DaralNoormosque leaderssaidtheywouldliketohostanothersolarcookingdemonstrationnextyear.Underclearblueskiesand withlargeenthusiasticcrowdsattendingtheevent,Mr.Syedandthesolarcookingteamwereconvincedthat theyhadaccomplishedtheirgoalofspreadingthewordaboutsolarcookingtoawholenewaudience. M 2011:H R 100APakistanibornAmerican citizeniskeentointroducethetechnologyofhomemade,nonpatentandcheapersolarboxcookerintherural areasofPakistan.Ihavecomeheretoshowtheworldscheapestsolarboxcooker,asimpletechnology usingsunlighttocookplainrice,preparelentilsandotherfoodsondailybasisinacoveredcasserole,said PakistaniexpatriateAfzalSyedinanexclusiveinterviewonSunday.Syedisalsoavolunteerassociatedwith anonprofitAmericanorganization,SolarCookersInternational(SCI).HesaidthehardboardCooKitpanel cookercouldbemadeathomeatacostoflessthanRs100.Readthearticle KarachiInternationalNews J 2011:ThefloodaffectedPakistanipeopleofSwatreceivedsolarpoweredenergygeneratorsfor electricityandsolarpoweredcookingequipment,fundedbyaleadingBerlinbasednongovernmental organization,GermanAidforAfghanChildren(GAAC).TheorganizationhasbegunaonemillionEurosworth reliefandreconstructionworkintheKhyberPakhtunhwa'sdistrictsworsthitbyfloods.GAAChadannounced in2010thedistributionofsolarpoweredlithiumionbatteriestogenerateelectricityandsolarcooking equipmentfortheplanned1000familiesofSwat,Nowshera,PabbiandBannudistricts.MoreInformation... RightVisionNews O 2010:FDAtrains2260youth,1500womenundervariousskills,vocationaldevelopmentprogram. GovernorOwaisGhani,whileappreciatingtheoverallachievements,emphasizedtheneedforexpandingthe scopeoftheseprogramsparticularlytheoutputofWomenSkillsDevelopmentCenters,addingthatthese effortswouldleadtowardsyouthandwomenempowermentthroughskillsdevelopmentprovidingthemthe opportunitytoearnreasonablelivelihood.TheGovernorissueddirectivesforaddingmorecommonandvalue addedtradesintheseprograms.Hesaidthatfundsavailabilityshouldbeensuredandeffortsmustbemadeto maketheinactiveWomenSkillsDevelopmentCentersfunctional.TheGovernorparticularlyreferredtothe solarcookingtechnologyandwishedthatthisshouldbeincludedinthetrainingcurriculaofWomenSkills DevelopmentCenters. A 2010:InthewakeofrecentfloodinginP ,GermanAidforAfghanChildren(GAAC)has increasedit'saideffortsbyprovidingbuildingmaterialsfornewhousing,andsomesimpleprefabricated shelters.Thehouseswillincludesolarpoweredlithiumionbatteries,generatingelectricityforthefamilyliving inthehouse,andalsosolarcookingequipment,whichwilleasethedifficultyofcookingfoods.Thiswillhelp preventfurtherdeforestation,asresidentsstruggletofindcookingfuel.GermanNGOlaunchesreliefworkin Pakistan TheDail Mail J D 2009:TheGEFSmallGrantsProgrammeisfundingaprojectbytheAlQaimWomen DevelopmentOrganizationwheretraditionalthreestonestovesarereplacedwith30solarcookersin30 households.[1] J 2009:TerryElliottreports:WegaveademonstrationofsolarcookingtoGardenCityRotaryclub.

Theyarekeentousethisfuellessmethodused, andtheywillbekickingofftheideainasmall villageclosetoSylhet.Thereisalsosome interestinsupportingsomeoftheBaroudha projects.Theytookustolunch(thehospitality hasbeenoutstanding)toaChineserestaurant. WewereinterruptedbyaTVcameracrewfilming usfromallangles.Andmewithoutashave! AfterIhadfollowedmydreamandmadeittothe topafterXFactor,myoneworrywasthe intrusionofthemediaintomyprivatelife.Ilike triedtocovermyfacebuttheygo'nah,Ken,just givesabitofleg'.Terrywishesnowthathadhadn'tagreedtoletHellomagazinephotographhishouse.The perilsofcelebrity!MaxClifforddidwarnme.ItappearsthatRotarythoughtthatthejointventurewas newsworthy.Ifitisaccepted,itcertainlywillbe.Theimprobabilityofcookingusingonlythepowerofthesun andabitofcardboardandtinfoilseemsclosetothatofGulliver'sLilliputiansgeneratingsunlightfrom cucumbers.Welefttotheusualcrowds,applause,lightsandtrafficjams.Icanalmostsmellthegreasepaint! J 2003:ThecoreobjectiveoftheBuildingand ConstructionImprovementProgramme(BACIP), aprojectoftheAgaKhanPlanningandBuilding Services,isto"considerandpromotethe measuresrelatedtothehabitatofthedesolate communitiesoftheKarakoram,Hindukushand HimalayanmountainvillagesinNorthernAreas andChitralofPakistan,andenablethese communitiestobetransformedintoahealthy livingbuiltenvironmentthroughsustainable improvements."Tothatend,BACIPproducesa numberofenergyefficientandrenewableenergy powerproducts,includinganewlineofsolarbox cookers.AfterintensiveresearchonradiationintensityandweatherconditionsofnorthernPakistan,three solarcookersweredeveloped,ranginginsizefrom25incheslongby21incheswideto31incheslongby25 incheswide.CostsareexpectedtobeUS$3040each.AccordingtoProfessorNadeemullahKhan,aBACIP consultant,manysurveyedfamiliesindicatedtheneedanddemandforsuchproductsinthisenergyscarce region.Constructionmaterialswereselectedbasedonperformanceandlocalavailability.Thedesignallows foreasyreplacementofglassifdamaged.Con ac :NadeemullahKhan

ThecountryofPakistanhostedoneofthelargerprivatelysponsoredsolarcookingprogramevercarriedout.A Britishbasedorganization,SERVE(ServingEmergencyReliefandVocationalEnterprises)beganworkwith refugeesfromAfghanistanin1980.Thepreviousyear,aftertheSovietincursionintoAfghanistan,nearly3million refugeeshadfledtoPakistan,principallytotheNorthwestFrontierProvinceandBaluchistan.Thepopulationwas madeupoflargelyilliterateruralpeople,mostofwhomhadlivedneartheborderwithPakistan.Avarietyofrelief

andeducationalprogramswereofferedtothegroupastheysettledinforwhatturnedouttobealengthystayin refugeecamps.In1983,SERVEconductedasurveytoassesswhattherefugeesfelttobetheirmosturgent needs.DoneveryprofessionallywithassistancefromUNexperts,thesurvey'sresultsrevealedthegreatestfelt needwasforassistanceinobtainingcookingfuel.Theareahad300sunnydaysayearanditthusappearedto SERVEstaffthatsolarcookingwouldbeuseful.Devicesthatwerewithintheirfinancialreachandadequatetraining insolarusagewouldbeessential,however.Initially,asmallpilotprojectwasconductedinonecampwith50 families.Thesepioneerswereeachloanedacookerandtaughttouseit.Theovensweresimilartothoseinusein India,boxeswithglasstopandamirrorreflector.Attheendoftheproject,80%ofthefamilieswantedtobuythe cooker.Afewmodifications,basedonthepilotexperience,weremadeinthedevice,makingthemsomewhat larger,usingshinymylarratherthanmirroredglassforthereflector.Thecostoftheboxeswasbetween$60and 259$70,morethanrefugeescouldafforddonorassistancewasfoundtosubsidizethatcostpartly,withrefugees payingaround$18.Asmallworkshopmadethecookers,andsupplywasabletokeepupwithdemand.Thehappy usersofthesecookersweretheirbestadvertisement.Eventually,therefugeesfeltabletobeginthetrekhomeward, afterpoliticaleventschangedthesituationinAfghanistan.Manytooktheirovensalong,andbythataction advertisedsolarcookingtonewaudiences.Demandwashighenoughthatashipmentof780ovenswassentto Kabulandsoldout,fromthebackofthetruckinamarketplace,infivedays.DemandinAfghanistanwashigher eventhaninPakistan,perhapsduetotheeverpresentdangerfromunexplodedminesinfieldsand^growing shortagesofwood.Bytheturnofthenewcentury,SERVEdonorsweresufferingfrom"donorfatigue"and,although therewasstilldemandinbothPakistanandAfghanistan,thesolarprogramwasended.(SeeAfghanistan.)Between 1985andthen,SERVEhaddistributedaround20,000solarcookersinthearea.Solarcookinghasnothowever disappearedinPakistan,thoughalmostcertainlycurtailedbytheabsenceofamajorpromoter.Asreportedin2003, TheBuildingandConstructionImprovementProgramme,aProjectoftheAgaKhanPlanningandBuildingServices, isworkinginremoteareasofNorthernPakistan.Theprojecthasintroducedanumberofenergyefficientand renewabledevices,includingalineofsolarcookers.LiketheSERVEmodel,theprojectchosetouseaboxmodel. Constructionmaterialswereselectedonthebasisofavailabilityintheareawithprovisionsbuiltinforreplacement oftheglassboxtop.Asofthetimeofwriting,nofurtherinformationwasavailableonthisnewproject.Briefreports ofotheruserssurfacefromtimetotime,forexample,MasterFazalurRehmanofKundianCityinthePunjab, indicatesthathehasbuiltanumberoftypesofcookers(SCIRev.,Jul02 ).Pakistanremainsheavilyrural (62.5%)andtheforestedareaisbothsmall(3.1%)andshrinking(1.5%perannum),meaningthatwoodfuelmustbe 260extremelyscarce.WiththestrongrecordofsolarcookingacceptancedemonstratedbySERVEinthe1980s and90s,itislikelythatatleastsomePakistanisaremakingcookersthemselvesandusingthemtomeettheir needs.

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WikimediaCommonsAtlasofPakistan

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SolarCookersInternationalhasratedPakistanasthe#3countryintheworldintermsofsolarcookingpotential (See:The25countrieswiththemostsolarcookingpotential).In2020,thenumberofpeopleinPakistan,acountry

withabundantsunbutfuelscarcity,isestimatedtobe45,400,000.

PromotingsolarcookinginAfghanistan(Detailedreportdiscussingthechoiceofsolarcookersforusein Afghanistanbasedoncultural,economic,andlogisticalconsiderations.Muchofthediscussionwouldbe applicabletoPakistanaswell.) Solarcookerdisseminationandculturalvariables

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F 2009:WhyNotManufactureSolarSystemsinPakistanA farAliKhan PromotingsolarcookinginAfghanistan(Detailedreportdiscussingthechoiceofsolarcookersforusein Afghanistanbasedoncultural,economic,andlogisticalconsiderations.Muchofthediscussionwouldbe applicabletoPakistanaswell.)

Asasah,apartnerofSavetheChildren

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2010:SolarNest,anideaforprovidingcheap,cleanwaterforPakistan Innovations

2011:HomemadehardboardsolarboxcookercostslessthanRs100 KarachiInternationalNews 2010:MinistryCompletesProjectforIndustries,MassesWelfare PakistanObserver 2008:Cookingworkshoporganized PakistanNews

CooKitsolarcookerdemonstration

ConcreteSolarConcentratorAcookerdesignedbyaPakistanistudent FrequentlyAskedQuestions(Urdu)

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SunOvensInternational

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GermanAidforAfghanChildren

AgaKhanFoundation PakistanCouncilforRenewableEnergyTechnologies

YasinKhan AfzalSyed ReinhardErs

RizwanRaza NadeemullahKhan

PakOrbit

UpcomingsolarcookingeventsinPakistan. PastsolarcookingeventsinPakistan

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