100%(2)100% menganggap dokumen ini bermanfaat (2 suara)
8K tayangan5 halaman
India is the 2nd most populous country in the world,next only to china,whereas 7th in land area. India's population numbered 238 million in 1901,doubled in 60 years to 439 million(1961);doubled again,this time in only 30 years to reach 846 million by 1991.India's population to crossed 1 billion mark on 11 May 2000,and is projected to reach 1. Billion by the year 2050.
India is the 2nd most populous country in the world,next only to china,whereas 7th in land area. India's population numbered 238 million in 1901,doubled in 60 years to 439 million(1961);doubled again,this time in only 30 years to reach 846 million by 1991.India's population to crossed 1 billion mark on 11 May 2000,and is projected to reach 1. Billion by the year 2050.
India is the 2nd most populous country in the world,next only to china,whereas 7th in land area. India's population numbered 238 million in 1901,doubled in 60 years to 439 million(1961);doubled again,this time in only 30 years to reach 846 million by 1991.India's population to crossed 1 billion mark on 11 May 2000,and is projected to reach 1. Billion by the year 2050.
Demography is the scientific study of human population. A slogan
for family planning- “Delay the first,postpone the second and prevent the third” India is the 2nd most populous country in the world,next only to China,whereas 7th in land area.With only 2.4 % of the world’s land area,India is supporting about 16.87 % of the world’s population.India’s population is currently increasing at the of 16 million each year.India’s population numbered 238 million in 1901,doubled in 60 years to 439 million(1961);doubled again,this time in only 30 years to reach 846 million by 1991.India’s population to crossed 1 billion mark on 11 May 2000,and is projected to reach 1.53 billion by the year 2050.This will then make India the most populous country in the world,surpassing China. At first a comparison of Basic facts and Figures between some top countries:-
Countries USA RUSSIA CHINA INDIA
Population 295 million 145 million 1306 million1100 million Area 10 million 17 million 9.5 million 3 million sq sq km sq km sq km km Population growth 0.9 % - 0.3 % 0.6 % 1.4 % rate Population density 32 persons 9 persons 140 persons363 persons per sq km per sq km per sq km per sq km Urban(town)/ Urban-80 % Urban-75 % Urban-40 % Urban-30 % Rural(village)distribution Rural- 20 % Rural- 25 % Rural- 60 % Rural- 70 % Health and Education: Male-74 yrs Male-62 yrs Male-72 yrs Male-62 yrs Life expectancy(average) Female-80 Female-73 Female-74 Female-64 yrs yrs yrs yrs Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 15 deaths per 24 deaths per 56 deaths per 1,000 live 1,000 live 1,000 live 1,000 live births births births births Population per doctor 255 people 240 people 600 people 2500 people Population per hospital 280 people 80 people 420 people 1300 people bed Literacy rate 99.5 % 99.8 % 88 % 70 % Number of students per 15 students / 17 students / 20 students / 41 students / teacher, primary school teacher teacher teacher teacher Unemployment rate 6% 8% 4% Not available
Age and Sex composition:
The proportion of population below 15 years is showing decline,whereas the proportion of elderly in the country is increasing.This trend is to continue in the time to come.The increase in the elderly population will impose a greater burden on the already outstretched health services in the country.
Sex Ratio: Sex ratio is defined as “the number of females per
1000 males”.One of the basic demographic characteristics of the population is the sex composition.In any study of population,analysis of sex composition play a vital role.The sex composition of the population is affected by the differentials in mortality conditions of males and females,sex selective migration and sex ratio at birth. The sex ratio in India has been generally adverse to women,i.e., the number of women per 1000 men has generally been less than 1000.Apart from being adverse to women,the sex ratio has also declined over the decades.In 1901 the sex ratio of India was 972 females per 1000 males and afterwards the ratio is continuous decreasing and in 2001 the ratio was 933 females per 1000 males.Kerala has a ratio of 1058 females per 1000 males in 2010.It is only state with a sex ratio favourable to females.
Dependency Ratio: The proportion of persons above 65 years of
age and children below 15 years of age are considered to be dependent on the economically productive age group(15-64 years).The ratio of the combined age groups 0-14 years plus 65 years and above to the 15-65 years age group is referred to as the total dependency ratio.It is also referred to as the societal dependency ratio and reflects the need for a society to provide for their younger and older population groups.The dependency ratio can be subdivided into young age dependency ratio (0-14 years); and old age dependency ratio (65 years and more).These ratios are, however, relatively crude, since they do not take into consideration young persons who are employed or working age persons who are unemployed.Trends in dependency ratio in India-Total and child dependency is decreasing but old-age dependency is increasing continuously.
Density of population: One of the important indices of
population concentration is the density of population.In the Indian census, density is defined as the number of persons,living per square kilometer.Density of population in India in 1901 was 77 persons/sq.km. but in 2001, 324 persons/sq.km.
Family size: It refers to the total numbers of persons in a
family.The family size depends upon numerous factors, like, duration of marriage,education of couple,the number of live births and living children,preference of male children,desired family size, etc.
Total fertility rates in selected developed and developing
countries in 2002: PakistanNepal Banglades India Myanma USA Sri China UK h r Lanka 5.1 4.3 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6
Urbanization: Growing urbanization is a recent phenomenon in
the developing countries.The proportion of the urban population in India has increased from 11% in 1901 to 27.8 % in 2001.The United Nations defines mega-cities as those with a population of 10 million or more.In 1950 only New York was classified as mega-city.By 1995 the number rose to 14 mega-cities and Mumbai,Kolkata and Delhi were included in the list.Population projections indicate that by 2015 Hyderabad will also become a mega-city. The increase in urban population has been attributed both to natural growth(through births) and migration from villages because of employment opportunities, attraction of better living conditions and availability of social services such as education, health, transport, entertainment etc.
Literacy and Education: The 1948,the Declaration of Human
Rights stated everyone has a right to education.Education is a crucial element in economic and social development.Spread of literacy is generally associated with modernization, urbanization, industrialization, communication and commerse. Higher levels of education and literacy lead to greater awareness and also contribute to improvement of economic conditions, and is required for acquiring various skills and better use of health care facilities. It was decided in 1991 census to use the term literacy rate for the population relating to 7 years age and above. A person is deemed as literate if he or she can read and write with understanding in any language. A person who can merely read but cannot write is not considered literate. The national percentage of literates in population above 7 years of age is about 66% with literate males about 76% and females lagging behind with about 54%.State Kerala has occupy the top rank in the country with 92% literates.Government of India has made education compulsory upto age 14 years in the country.
Life expectancy: Life expectancy - or expectation of life – at
given age is the average number of years which a person of that age may expect to live, according to the mortality pattern prevalent in that country.Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase globally over the years. Most countries in the world exhibit a sex differential in mortality favouring women – females live longer than males. Contrary to this biological expectation, the life expectancy of women in Nepal and Maldives is lower than that of men, while in Bangladesh and India it is almost equal. Trends in life expectancy show that people are living longer, and they have a right to a long life in good health, rather than one of pain and disability. Japan leads in life expectancy for both males and females, 77.7 and 84.7 years respectively for the year 2001.
Expectation of life at birth in selected countries 2001:
Countrie India USA UK Russia Japan s Males 62.8 74.0 75.4 60.6 77.7 Females 64.0 79.7 80.4 72.9 84.7
A Study To Assess The Quality of Life of Patients With Osteoarthritis in A Selected Hospital, Coimbatore, With A View To Develop An Informational Booklet
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
A Study To Assess The Effectiveness of VAT On Knowledge Regarding Janani Suraksha Yojana Among Mothers of Selected Rural Area at Bangalore, Karnataka, India