BI GING :

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD

Sch tham kho :

AUTOCAD 2004 Bible Wileys & Sons Mastering in AUTOCAD 2000 George Omura AUTOCAD 2004 For Dummies John Wiley & Sons AUTOCAD 2000 (1,2) KTS.Lu Triu Nguyn. AUTOCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc. Cc tin ch thit k trn AUTOCAD TS.Nguyn Hu Lc. Nguyn Thanh Trung. AUTOCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc. AUTOCAD 2004 Activex and VBA KS.Hong Thnh An.

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V

I. Quy nh v bn v. 1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v 2. Cc khng gian trong AUTOCAD 3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v 4. Mt s quy nh chung 4.1. Khung v t l bn v 4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch

II. Thit lp mi trng v. 1. Text style. 2. Layer. 3. Dimesion Style. 4. Hatch. 5. Lnh LineType. 6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block. 6.1. Block 6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block 6.3. Qun l cc block. 7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate. 8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

I. Lm vic vi Layout 1. Paper Space 2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space 2.1. To cc Viewport 2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport 2.3. T l trong tng Viewport 2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport 2.5. n hin viewport 2.6. n hin ng bao viewport 2.7. Scale LineType 2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport 3. Cc ch khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v

II. iu khin in n. 1. Khai bo thit b in. 2. In ra file *.PLT

Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I. Tham kho ngoi 1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi. 2

2. Chn mt xref vo bn v 3. M mt xref t bn v chnh 4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh. 4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit). 4.2. Thm, b bt cc i tng khi working set (Lnh refset). 4.3. Lnh refclose 4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref. 5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref. 5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc. 5.2. Xref v lp. 5.3. Lnh Xbin. 5.4. Tham chiu vng. 5.5. Xn cc xref. 5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln. 6. Qun l xref 6.1. ng dn ca cc xref. 6.2. Xref notification 6.3. AUTOCAD DesignCenter. 6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref. II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database) 1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AUTOCAD. 2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu. 3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC. 4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AUTOCAD. 5. Chnh sa d liu trong AUTOCAD 6. To cc mu kt ni. 7. To, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni. 8. Quan st cc kt ni. 9. To mu nhn. 10. To nhn. 11. S dng query truy tm d liu 11.1. S dng Quick Query 11.2. S dng Range Query 11.3. S dng Range Query 11.4. S dng Link Select III. Lm vic vi Raster Image 1. Tng quan 2. Chn nh (INSERTing images 3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images) 4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images) 5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display) 5.1. iu khin hin th 5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality) 5.3. Image transparency 5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame) IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects 1. Embedding objects into AUTOCAD 2. Linking data 3. Pasting data into AUTOCAD 3

Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit) 1. Khi nim v Shape. 2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP. 2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector). 2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)

II. To font ch 1. To font ch SHX. 2. To big font. 3. To big font t file m rng. III. To cc dng ng (file linetype) 1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng. 2. To cc dng ng n gin. 2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype. 2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape 1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch. V. To cc mu mt ct. 1. File mu mt ct. 2. To mu mt ct n gin. 3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp. VI. Menu. 1. Menu v file menu. 1.1. Cc loi menu 1.2. Cc loi file menu 1.3. Ti, g b mt menu 2. Ty bin mt menu 2.1. Cu trc mt file menu 2.2. Menu Macro 2.3. Pull-down Menu 2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu 2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu 2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu 2.3.4. Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar 2.4. Shortcut menu. 2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu. 2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu 2.5.2. To cc AUX menu. 2.5.3. Menu swaping. 2.6. Image Tile menus 2.6.1. Section ca Image menu 2.6.2. M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh 2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh 2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide. 2.7. Menu mn hnh. 2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh. 2.8. Chui ch thch thanh trng thi. 4

2.8.1. Section ca on m t chui ch thch. 2.8.2. M t chui ch thch. 2.9. To cc phm tt. 2.9.1. Section ca on m t cc phm tt 2.9.2. To phm tt VII. Toolbar 1. cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar 1.1. To Toolbar 1.2. To nt lnh mi 1.3. Sa nt lnh 1.4. To mt Flyout 2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu 2.1. Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c 2.2. Dng m t loi nt lnh Button 2.3. Dng m t loi nt lnh Flyout. 2.4. Dong m t nt lnh Control.

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO. Sinh vin lm quen vi AUTOCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng phn ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AUTOCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Phn AUTOCAD nng cao s to cho sinh vin bit cch b cc, trnh by bn v mt cch chuyn nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V

I. Quy nh v bn v. 1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v - Hnh dng - Vt liu (b tng, g ,) - Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc trn bn v) - T l - ng nt (thy khut) 2. Cc khng gian trong AUTOCAD AUTOCAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space. Model Space - L khng gian giy v - Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny. Paper Space - Cng l mt khng gian v. - Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v. - Trong PS bn c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin trc) 3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v - Gip ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn. - Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, mu ha trong nhiu khu - Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, mch lc. - Thnh qu lao ng c ti s dng li mt cch chuyn nghip hn 4. Mt s quy nh chung 4.1. Khung v t l bn v C 2 cch v : - V t do : ko nh gii hn bn v - V theo khung : Bn v c gii hn theo kh giy (lnh Limits) Cc loi khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4 T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau : - V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space) - V theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout) - V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng) 6

Lnh MVSetup. 4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch Quy nh v ng nt khi in : - Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) : - Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,) : - Nt hatch - Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s dng SHX) : - Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc : Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi ch, chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v d v chiu cao ch v t l bn v) Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim. - Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm - Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm II. Thit lp mi trng v. 1. Text style. Command : STyle

Style name : Tn style New, rename, delete : To mi, thay i tn v xa mt kiu ch (Text style) Font - Font name : Tn phng - font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font - Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AUTOCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AUTOCAD s ly chiu cao nhp vo khi chn text - Effects - Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang - Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng - Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng

- Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang. - Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch. Preview : xem trc cc nh dng chn. 2. Layer. Command : Layer Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :

, Filter : To mt filter (n vo nt new filter)

Filter name : Tn ca nhm lc. Filter definition - Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer) - Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay th cho mt k t.

- On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca layer. Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc. Nu dng lnh nhiu hn mt dng c coi l iu kin hoc.

Group Layer : To tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi to khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v. Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th to tng b lc layer khc nhau. Khi ta chn mt block hay chn mt xref vo th AUTOCAD s t ng chn thm group layer. Layer States Manager Ta c th xut cc nh dng layer ra file cha layer *.LAS

Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phc li n bng cch import li cc thuc tnh c lu li trong file *.LAS. Ch cc layer b xa i th s khng khi phc li c. Cc thuc tnh c khi phc li c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (Frezen : qu kh ca freeze ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng ) Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file *.LAS khi khi phc li thuc tnh. 3. Dimesion Style. Command : DIMSTYLE

Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh. New : To mi Dimstyle. Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle. Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tm thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc c chn. Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loi Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v. Hp thoi tao new :

Hp thoi Use for : Loi kch c p dng trong khi o - All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc. - Linear : Kch thc thng.

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Angular : o gc Radius : o bn knh Diameter : o ng knh. Ordinate : Ta im Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.

Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc) - Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi ta chn arrowheads l gch cho. - Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc song song. - Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai. M t trong hnh v di y : Frame Dimension Line: - Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc. - Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging. - Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging. - M t trong hnh v di y. Arrowheads : (Mi tn) 1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht. 2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai. Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch. Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi. - Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm) Type : Dng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none). Size : kch thc du tm. 11

Text Appearance: - Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng text style trong [] bn cnh text style. - Text color : Mu ch - Fill color : mu nn ca ch. - Text height : Chiu cao ca ch. - Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc. - Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Text Placement : - Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng. Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc. Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc. Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht. JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu chun Nht. - Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang. Centered : nm gia hai ng ging. 1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from dim line - Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2 mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2 nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AUTOCAD s t ng chuyn s ny thnh dng. Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch. - Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang. - Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc. - ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li. 12

Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch thc theo ng v tr quy nh mc trc. Cn nu khng ch trng ghi text th text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau : - Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best : Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi. Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi. - Arrows : Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging cn ch th c v ra ngoi. Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi. - Text : Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging cn mi tn th c v ra ngoi. Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi. - Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s c v ra ngoi. - Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai ng ging. - Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v. Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng ra khi v tr mc nh - Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging. - Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km theo mt ng dn.

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- Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m km theo bt k mt ng dn no. Scale for Dimension Features : - Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi tr ch s o c khng b thay i. - Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu sau. Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung. - Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr sau mi ln o. - Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia hai ng ging.

Linear Dimensions : gn dng v n v cho kch thc di - Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc, ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal. - Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c. - Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked. - Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn. - Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15 - Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c. Measurement Scale : - Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th trong dim. - Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nghin cu y Zero suppression : 14

- Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 - Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5 Angular Dimensions : - Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl. - Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c. Zero suppression : - Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 - Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn dng v chnh xc n v chiu di, gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v minimeter) Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dng kch thc nh km vi kch thc lin kt chnh, v d nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, cn kch thc lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt ph l kch thc i km gii thch cho kch thc chnh) Alternate units - Unit format : Gn n v lin kt. - Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m bn chn. - Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch thc lin kt. - Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt - Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt. - Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression : - Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 - Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5 Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt

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- After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt chnh. - Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai. Tolerance Fomat - Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc. - None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr dung sai. - Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi sai lch gii hn trn v sai lch gii hn di s c gi tr tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo upper value. - Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value. - Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) . - Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n ng kch thc khi khng chn mc ny.

Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha. - Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.

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- Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di. Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch thc. Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai dng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).

Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin kt. - Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression : - Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 - Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5 4. Hatch. Command : BHATCH

Th Hatch Type : C 3 mu mt ct : - Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file AAUTOCAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American National Standards Institute), ISO (International Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined - Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT - User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.

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Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l Solid th swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.

Custom pattern : Chn cc mu la chn cha trong file .PAT Pattern : Chn cc mu c sn trong file AAUTOCAD.PAT Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch Scale : T l phng Iso pen with : Nu chn mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca bt khi xut bn v ra giy Double : Ch c tc dng khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta to thm cc ng mt ct vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau. Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn. Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn Inherit Properties : Ly mu mt ct t mt hatch t trn bn v Associative : Nu chn mc ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin. C th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i bm ly cc object v boundary.

Th Advanced Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh km theo :

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Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch s tr thnh dng polyline hoc Region.. Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point. Current viewport : Ch gii hn trong ca s nhn hin hnh. Chn new chn mt gii hn cho lnh pick point. Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set - Island detection method : m t cch xc nh cc island. - Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin. - Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h.

One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng. Tint : Mu nh. Shade : Mu m. Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn. Center : ng tm. Angle : gc quay ca mu.

5. Lnh LineType. Command : Linetype

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Hp thoi LineType Manager. - Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng ( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin) - Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v s c t l dng ng l 1. - Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l ph nh ca hp filter . 6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block. 6.1. Block Command : block.

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Name : Ti a 255 k t. Object. - Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit - Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun. - Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block. Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon. Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t l khi ko t AUTOCAD DesignCenter vo bn v. Description : Hyperlink : 6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block nh ngha thuc tnh Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dng ch nh km theo khi (block). N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dng nhc hin th khi chn block vi thuc tnh. To thuc tnh cho khi. Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoi sau s hin ln :

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Cc la chn ca hp thoi Attribute Definition nh sau : Mode : Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v gi tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present. - Invisible : sau ki chn block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn mn hnh. La chn ny s gip cho vic ti to bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th iu khin li s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i li la chn trong lnh Attdisp. - Constant : cc gi tr thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi son tho Prompt trn vng attribute s c che i. - Verify : khi chn block cng cc thuc tnh th dng nhc thm tra li s chnh xc ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln. - Preset : AUTOCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dng lnh INSERT chn, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit. Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Bn c th nhp ti a 256k t, Du gch ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu bn mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k t gch cho cnh nhau. - Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoi tr du cch v du chm than. AUTOCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa. - Prompt : nh dng nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi bn mun chn block cha thuc tnh. Nu bn chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln. - Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh. INSERTion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point nh v tr im trc tip chn trn bn v. Text options : gn cc nh dng k t cho ch (attribute text). - Justification : nh im canh l cho dng ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText) 22

- Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dng ch thuc tnh. - Height : nh chiu cao ca dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu bn nhp chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i. - Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo rotaion. Nu bn chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny s c che m i. - Align below previous attribute definition : sp xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu trc bn cha to bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i. Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh. Lnh Ddedit (vit tt ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :

Bn c th chnh li cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n nt OK. Ngoi ra ta c th s dng lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c. Gn thuc tnh cho block. gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l khi to block ta chn thm nh ngha. Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc dng nhc khi bn chn block vi thuc tnh bng lnh INSERT. Chn block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v. Chn block c thuc tnh bng lnh INSERT cng nh chn block bnh thng. Tuy nhin nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th xut hin hp thoi Enter Attributes, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh. Ph thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m ta c s lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc li nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp thoi ny s khng c hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di dng lnh.

23

Ximang ViNaComex 14
iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh. Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block ti bn v hin hnh. Bin ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng cn hit s lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn. Command: attdisp Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] <Normal>: of Regenerating model. Cp nht thay i. Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block. V d khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha li block. Dng lnh AttSync update li cc thuc tnh ca block. Command: attsync Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: ? 24

Attributed blocks: 123 Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: N Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123 Chn block cn cp nht chn select. Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c. Ch nh tn ca block cn cp nht chn Name. Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca block. Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit Lnh Attedit cho php bn hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block chn vo trong bn v. Khi nh lnh ny hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho php hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.

Lnh -Attedit Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N Performing global editing of attribute values. Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] <Y>: Enter block name specification <*>: Enter attribute tag specification <*>: Enter attribute value specification <*>: Select Attributes: 1 found Select Attributes: 1 found Select Attributes: 1 found Select Attributes: 3 attributes selected. Enter string to change: Ximang Enter new string: Cat 25 Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt lc Chn tt c cc block chn Ximang ca block th nht. chn Thep ca block th hai. Chn Ximang ca block th ba Thay nhng chui l Ximang thnh chui Cat

Trc khi hiu chnh

Ximang ViNaComex 21

Thep Viet Uc 25

Ximang ViNaComex 12

Sau khi hiu chnh

Cat ViNaComex 21

Thep Viet Uc 25

Cat ViNaComex 12

Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit. Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp thoi Enhanced Attribute Editor c hin th : Command: Ettedit Select block reference: Nu block bn chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th xut hin dng thng bo li. Bn phi chn li block khc.

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Select Block : chn block trn bn v. Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh. Attribute : - Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh - Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.

Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoi to thuc tnh cho block. - TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh. - Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh. - Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh. - Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh. - Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng. - Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang. - Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dng ch thuc tnh.

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Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dng ng, mu,. - Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh - LineType : ch nh dng ng. - Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh. - Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i. - LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh. Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh. S dng lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi nh lnh Battman hp thoi Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :

Chn Edit th hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :

28

Th Attribute : nh trnh by trong mc to thuc tnh. Data : Bn c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.

Th Text Options : chn cc nh dng v ch. - Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng - Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang. - Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.

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Th Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype, Nu chn setting th hp thoi setting s hin ln nh sau

Trch thng tin thuc tnh. Sau khi to v chn block vi thuc tnh vo bn v, ta c th trch thng tin ca block ra file nh dng ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s dng bi mt s phn mm khc. Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).

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- Format file : chn cc nh dng format file AUTOCAD duyt qua nh s trnh by di y. - Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin trong Number found. - Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra. File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file). Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh ngha trong file mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dng ca file mu (format file). Comma delimited file (CDF) Space delimited file (SDF) DXF Format Extract File (DXX) CDF l nh dng trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record. Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t. SDF l nh dng to ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia cc trng cng nh cc chui k t. DXX l nh dng to nn tp hp con nh dng file trao i bn v ca AUTOCAD trong DXX l mt phn nh ca DXF. File DXX khng i hi file nh dng v n theo nh dng ca DXF file. Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh. File mu c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location, ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file mu, AUTOCAD s s dng to ra cc file thng tin ca block. V d file mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block. Format Explanation Field BL: LEVEL NWWW000 Mc block lng nhau BL: NAME CWWW000 Tn block BL: X NWWWPPP Honh X im chn BL: Y NWWWPPP Tung Y im chn 31

BL: Z BL: NUMBER BL: HANDLE BL: LAYER BL: ORIENT BL: XSCALE BL: YSCALE BL: ZSCALE BL: XEXTRUDE BL: YEXTRUDE BL: ZEXTRUDE BL: SPACE

NWWWPPP NWWW000 CWWW000 CWWW000 NWWWPPP NWWWPPP NWWWPPP NWWWPPP NWWWPPP NWWWPPP NWWWPPP CWWWPPP

Cao Z im chn Block counter Block handle Tn layer khi chn block Gc quay ca block T l phng theo trc X T l phng theo trc Y T l phng theo trc Z Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca block. Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D Thnh Phn Z Chn mt khong trng vo v tr ny.

Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta cn c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i km ca block (Attributes tag) nh v d sau : Attribute tag Hang Soluong Format CWWWPPP NWWW000

Gii thch nh dng m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP - T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N : number). - WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm phn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn). - PPP : chnh xc i vi s cn i vi tt c cc k t ta dng 000. V d N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v 002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn). V d v file mu . S dng trnh son tho NotePad to ra file vl.txt c ni dung nh sau : BL : NAME BL : X BL : Y BL : SPACE TENVL HANG KHOILUONG C004000 N008002 N008002 C002000 C012000 C006000 N008000

Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c dng nh sau :

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Xut thng tin thuc tnh block bng lnh Eattext nh lnh Eattext, hp thoi Attribute Extraction wizard hin ln :

Drawings - Select object : chn mt hoc nhiu block. - Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v. - Select drawing : chn bn v khc. Drawing files : ng dn ca file cha block cn trch thng tin.

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Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi. Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.

Use template : s dng cc dnh dng mu (file template). No template : khng s dng cc dnh dng mu (file template).

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Chn cc thng tin cn trch ra trong hp attributes for block. Chn cc block s trch thng tin trong hp blocks.

Chn anternate view chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.

Ghi li cc thit lp va thao tc ln sau dng li. File template c dng *.BLK

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Ta c th ghi li cc thng tin trch di dng cc file khc nhau. V d nh Excel :

6.3. Qun l cc block. S dng AutoCAD Design Center Ta c th s dng ca s aAutoCAD Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh. S dng chc nng ko th ca Window Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s dng chc nng ko th cc icon (cc file ca AUTOCAD) chn vo bn v. Cc bn v c chn vo nh l mt i tng block. 7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate. 8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

36

Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N
I. Lm vic vi Layout 1. Paper Space Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport) AUTOCAD cho php bn chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Bn c th hin th cc vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Mc ch phc v cho vic quan st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS). Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport : - Khng quant trng l bn c bao nhiu khung nhn, chng lun lun c sp sp cnh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh - Ti mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin m - Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport - UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin ti tt c cc khung nhn - S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c th hin trn cc khung nhn cn li. - AUTOCAD cho php bn to ra ti a 96 khung nhn - Bn c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thc lnh mt khung nhn khc. - Ngoi ra bn cn c th ghi li cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phc v cho mc ch khi phc li cc khung nhn nu mun. Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport) Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), bn ch s dng n khi mun th hin mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV) trong mt PS. Tuy nhin bn c th to ra nhiu hn mt nu bn mun. FV c mt s c tnh sau - Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, bn c th xo, move v stretch n. Bn c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v cn c th bt tt ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chng khng in y mn hnh nh TV m bn c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chng. - Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi hn trong mt vng nhn ng. - Bn c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV - Bn c th to nhiu FV trong PS v chng s c lu li cng vi bn v. - Tt c nhng g bn v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri li, nhng g bn v trn PS ch tn ti trn PS, khng tn ti trn bn v khi bn tr v MS. - Sau khi bn v xong trong MS, bn chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS bn c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo FV. Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV. Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v. PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dng PS trong trng hp - C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD). - Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin trc). - Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng) 37

Cc bc - u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS - Sau chuyn sang PS chn cc Note, dimension v cc leader. Cc thao tc vi PS Trong PS bn cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block. Mc nh ca AUTOCAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhin n s c tn khc nu bn s dng cc template khc. Bn c th to mt layout bng cc cch sau : Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau. S dng chc nng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n. Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT) Add a new Layout Click INSERT menuLayout New Layout. Enter the name of the new layout on the command line. A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab. To import a layout from a template Click INSERT menuLayoutLayout from Template. In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from Click Open. In the INSERT Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import. A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab. To create a layout using a wizard Click INSERT menu Layout Layout Wizard. On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the new layout. Trong PS, Bn cng c th : Duplicate a layout Rename a layout Delete a layout Rearrange layout tabs Make a layout current Sctivate the previous layout Click Select All Layouts. Plot a layout 2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space 2.1. To cc Viewport u tin bn chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW. Trong Layout, bn c th to nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, bn c th b tr, sp xp cc viewport theo mc ch ca bn. Theo mc nh, AUTOCAD cho php bn to ti a l 64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h thng MAXACTVP. Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi ra ta cn c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau chn viewport m tat ham cn hiu chnh. S dng chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l nh mong mun.. Ti y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi li trong Model Space. quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.

38

2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport AUTOCAD cho php bn ct xn cc ng bin ca viewport phc v cho cc mc ch ring ca bn. Lnh Vclip cho php bn ct xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt k. C php nh sau : Ti dng lnh nh vpclip. Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport cn ct xn. Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin ct xn trc . Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P to ng bin a gic ct xn mi. Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary. Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then choose Viewport Clip 2.3. T l trong tng Viewport Bn c th t t l trong tng viewport bng lnh zoom nh ni trn, tuy nhin t vi mt t l chnh xc bng cch thay i t l ca viewport trong ca s Propertie (Ctrl_1). V d : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04. Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, bn chuyn la chn Display locked 2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.

Ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport. Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tng viewport. Ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport mi sp c to. 2.5. n hin viewport n hin viewport ph thuc vo trng thi thng s On trong th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s viewport. 39

2.6. n hin ng bao viewport n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, bn to ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca viewport m bn mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s ph thuc vo trng thi bt tt ca layer cha ng bao. 2.7. Scale LineType Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale. PsLtScale = 1 : t l dng ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport. PsLtScale = 0 : t l dng ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d bn c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.

2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, to khung nhn mi, chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup. 3. Cc ch khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v u tin to cc Dim c bn. Cc dimstyle khc s c to da trn dimstyle c

. bn ban u, bng cch thay i Cn ch khi o kch thc, khong cch t dim n i tng dim phi ph hp vi t l in ca i tng . Cc thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (xem phn sau). Kt lun : Nhn chung, i vi bn v cn in n vi t l tuyt i chnh xc, cc bn v kin trc cn ct xn khung nhn th nn dng Paper space. Cn i vi bn v bnh thng th khng cn v trn Paper Space

II. iu khin in n. Trong cc cng ty nh, sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in. Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in. thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s to ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th mc C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AUTOCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot Styles, sau s lu file ny li v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta s nghin cu k hn phn sau) i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s in bn v ra di dng file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng cn n phn mm AUTOCAD. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file vn bn sang *.PDF in n. i vi cc loi file ny, ta khng cn quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung nt c t khi ra in ra file. 1. Khai bo thit b in.

40

 in n, vo menu file Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoi Plot hin ra nh sau :

Trong mc Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. Bn c th import Page setup t cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi bn khai bo xong tt c cc thng s bn di, bn n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn v ca bn. Chn my in trong mc Printer/plot. Chn kch kh giy Paper size. Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo mc ch s dng ca ngi in. Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v. Extents : vng in l c bn v. Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v Window : vng in l mt ca s m bn s nh ngha sau . iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area) Xem trc khi in trong mc Preview. iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale. iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong mc Drawing orientation. iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh. Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th ng bao ca i tng) Hiden : b qua nhng i tng, nhng ng bao b che khut bi mt i tng khc.

41

Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi xut bn. Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht. V d chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th mc C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AUTOCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot Styles. Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn :

to mi, bn chn new. Hp thoi new hin ln nh sau : Chn Start from scratch.

42

My s to ra file test.ctb

Bn vo nt Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in

43

Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu bn khng in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en.

2. In ra file *.PLT Ch cn tch vo nt ng dn ca file *.plt. , sau bm nt lnh Plot, my s hi tn file vo

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Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU

I. Tham kho ngoi 1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi. Tham kho ngoi l s lin kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v xref External references). Nu ta chn mt bn v vo trong mt bn v th bn v c chn s c nh dng l mt Block v s c lu cng vi bn v chnh. Nu ta chnh bn v c chn th block s khng c cp nht li. Nu ta chn mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di dng block th vic cp nht block khi block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i li cc block trong tt c cc file chn. Nhng nhc im trn s c khc phc th ta dng chc nng tham kho ngoi ca AUTOCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ring, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. Vic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguyn bn v trn mng. 2. Chn mt xref vo bn v Lnh Xattach Lnh Xattach cho php ta chn mt bn v vo bn v chnh di dng tham kho ngoi. Command : Xattach

Hp thoi Select reference file hin ln. Ta chn file cn chn vo bn v chnh. Sau kich Open, hp thoi External Reference hin ln :

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Browse : Thay i bn v chn vo. Found in : ng dn ca bn v xref. Path type : quy nh kiu ng dn l tuyt i hay tng i, hay khng km theo ng dn. Cc la chn ny quy nh Save path. Bn c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca mnh trong Save path. Reference Type : kiu chn - Attachement : cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau. - Overlay : khng cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau. Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh INSERT. Lnh Xref. Lnh xref chn mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v xref) vo trong bn v chnh.

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Nt Tree View cho php ta nhn cu trc cy ca xref. Danh sch c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c sp xp theo mc lng (hnh cy). - Attach : chn mt xref vo bn v chnh. Khi n vo nt lnh ny th hp thoi External Reference hin ln (nh trnh by trn). - Deattach : hy b xref c chn. Bn v s nh i rt nhiu - Reload : c li file xref. Thng s dng khi file xref va c s thay i - Unload : G b xref c chn ra khi bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload vn lu li ng dn ca file xref. Nu ta mun c li file ny ch vic n vo nt Reload. - Bind : Quy nh s rng buc ca xref vi bn v chnh. Bm vo hp thoi s hin ln (trnh by sau) - Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th thay i file xref, sau quay li bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp thoi Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref. - Thay i file bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi li ng dn Khi bm vo nt Xbind ca hp thoi Xref Manager th hp thoi Bind Xrefs hin ln nh sau (phn ny cng tng ng vi vic dng lnh Xbind): - Bind : cc i tng ca bn v xref s c ni tip vo bn v chnh - INSERT : cc i tng ca bn v tham kho s khng l thnh phn ca bn v chnh. 3. M mt xref t bn v chnh Xopen Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring. Command: Xopen Select Xref: Chn xref m ra ca s ring. External Reference Open Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nt open. 4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh. T phin bn AUTOCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau lu tr li (Save back) 4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

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Identify reference Reference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v) cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1) ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa. Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn. Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn. Prompt to select nested objects : kch hot ch chn cc object trong file tham kho m bn mun sa.

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Setting Create unique layer, syle, and block names : - Nt ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny. - Nu nt ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh thng. Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v ta c th sa chng, sau khi ta ghi li th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chn cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v. Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v chnh s b kha li, chng ta khng th hiu chnh c chng. Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe. Command: shademode Current mode: 2D wireframe Enter option [2D wireframe/3D wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D 4.2. Thm, b bt cc i tng khi working set (Lnh refset). Command: refset Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing... Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng) Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found Select objects: 1 Added to working set 4.3. Lnh refclose Sau khi hiu chnh xong bn c th ghi li hay khng ghi li cc thay i bng lnh Refclose. Command: refclose

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The following symbols will be added to Xref file: Blocks: Ghe Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] <Save>: s Regenerating model. 2 objects added to test 1 xref instance updated test redefined and reloaded Enter option : - Save : ghi li nhng thay i trong bn v Xref. - Discard reference changes : khng ghi li s thay i. . Nu bn chn ch ghi li, xref s t ng reload li. y l s khc bit gia lnh Xopen v lnh Refedit. 4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref. Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa. Bin Xedit : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham kho hay khng. - 0 : khng th s dng sa i file tham kho ti bn v chnh. - 1 : c th s dng sa i tham kho ti ch. Bin BindType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh. - 0 : theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Xref$0$Symbol). - 1 : theo phng php ging nh chn (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Symbol) Bin Xfadectl : Bin ny iu khin m nht ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nht v 90% m nht) 5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref. Bn c th iu khin s hin th ca cc lp c trong xref bn c th ch nhn thy cc lp cn thit m thi. C mt s tnh nng cho php bn iu chnh qu trnh hin th ca xref, iu khin khung nhn xref, lm tng tc hin th ca cc xref qu ln. 5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc. Cc thnh phn ph thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc mc c t tn trong c trong bn v, chng hn nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi bn gn (Attach) mt bn v th cc thnh phn ph thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. V d trong layer control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh phn ph thuc c tn theo nh dng Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c gip ta phn bit cc thnh phn ca xref vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh. 5.2. Xref v lp. Bn c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. Bn cng c th thay i cc thuc tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch c tnh tm thi. Khi bn m bn v ln sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v cc xc lp li tr li nh ban u. Tuy nhin bn cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca bn bng cch thay i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi bn ghi bn v li, ngha l trc bn thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi bn v li AUTOCAD s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi li s thay i ca bn hay khng. 50

5.3. Lnh Xbin. Bn cng c th s dng lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s gip bn c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.

Chn i tng cn chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh. Tng t ta c th loi b cc i tng chuyn bng nt <-Remove. 5.4. Tham chiu vng. Nu bn v a c cha bn v b nh mt tham chiu ngoi. Bn v b li cha bn v a nh tham chiu ngoi, nh vy ta c mt tham chiu vng. Tham chiu vng c th tn ti cho ba hoc nhiu hn cc xref cng nh kho bn c cc xref lng. AUTOCAD s d tm cc tham chiu vng v c ti n ln khi c th. Nu bn c ti n ln nh vy th AUTOCAD s c thng bo nh hnh v bn : Click nt Yes tip tc ti xref. Breaking circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing". Nu click nt No th bn v s khng c ti v AUTOCAD s thng bo nh sau : Warning: Circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing". Regenerating model. 5.5. Xn cc xref. Lnh Xclip : iu khin s hin th ca mt Xref hay bolck. File tham kho ngoi c th c hin th mt phn hay ton b. S dng lnh Xclip xc nh ng bao xn (clipping boundary). Cc i tng nm trong ng bao xn s c hin th v nhng vng nm ngoi s khng c hin th. Cc i tng hnh hc ca Xref s khng thay i, ta ch iu chnh s hin th ca xref m thi. Lnh Xclip to mi, hiu chnh, xa cc ng bao xn. Command: xclip Select objects: 1 found ( chn cc xref hoc block) Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: Enter clipping option (chn cc chc nng di y) [ON/OFF/Clipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>: 51

New boundary : dng nhc sau s c hin ln [Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] <Rectangular>: - Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline sn c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h. - Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt hnh a gic lm ng bao. - Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt hnh ch nht. ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin th ca xref. - ON : s hin ln phn ca xref nm trong ng bao - OFF : s hin ln ton b xref. Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng xn (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau xref (chc nng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dview). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. Dng nhc sau s xut hin : Delete : la chn ny dng xa ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b xref hoc block. Lu l lnh Erase khng th xa ng bao xn. Generate Polyline : AUTOCAD s to ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao xn. a tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, dng ng, chiu rng nt in v cc trng thi ca lp hin hnh. Ta c th hiu chnh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh li a tuyn ny sau chnh li ng bao xn bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip. Bin Xclipframe : Bin ny dng kim tra s hin th ca ng bao xn c to bi lnh xclip. - Xclipframe = 1 : s hin ln ng bao xn. - Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xn s khng c hin ln. 5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln. gim bt thi gian AUTOCAD ti to li bn v, bn c th s dng mt s tnh nng sau tng tc hin th bn v. - Tnh nng ti bn v theo yu cu (Demand loading). Tnh nng ny cho php AUTOCAD ch ti cc i tng cn c hin th ca xref. - Ch mc khng gian (spatial index) c to ra khi bn lu bn v. Ch mc ny ch c to ra khi ta s dng tnh nng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v AUTOCAD s lu cng vi ch mc v cch thc ti cc xref. AUTOCAD da trn ch mc ny quy nh nhng phn no ca xref s c c ln hin th. - Ch mc lp (layer index) cng c to ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AUTOCAD s s dng ch mc ny lu li cc layer b ng hoc b ng bng. Tnh nng ny s quy nh mc xref cn c c bn v c hin th nhanh hn. Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi : - Tnh nng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh. - Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp. - Xref phi c xn (vi ch mc khng gian) v c lp ng bng hoc ng (vi ch mc lp). Tnh nng Demand Loading : Kch hat tnh nng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch th xung ca Demand load xrefs chn - Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong mng h thng c th m bn v xref ny nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi bn ang tham chiu n n.

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Enabled with copy : AUTOCAD s to ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mng h thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny. - Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn v chnh.

Bn c th bt chc nng ny trc khi bn ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic. Ch mc khng gian (spatial index) Bn lu mt ch mc cho bn Ch mc lp. 6. Qun l xref 6.1. ng dn ca cc xref. 6.2. Xref notification Khi mt file xref b thay i ni dung. AutoCAD s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A reference file has changed and may need reloading. Khi bn cp nht li bn v th thng bo trn s bin mt. 6.3. AUTOCAD DesignCenter. Bn cng c th s dng AUTOCAD Design Center qun l xref. 6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref. Nu bn xc lp bin h thng XrefCTL l 1 (theo mc nh bin ny l 0). AUTOCAD s ghi li tt c cc thao tc trn xref ca bn vo mt file m ACII. Bn c th c file bin bn ny khc phc cc vn trc trc c th xy ra. Di y xin trnh by mt file bin bn ca xref. Theo mc nh AUTOCAD s t file bin bn vo cng th mc vi file xref v tn n c dng xrefname.xlg. II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database) 1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AUTOCAD. 53

Chc nng ny cho php ta lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu ngoi. Ta c th to cc nhn nh km vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng tin v i tng, cc thuc tnh i km vi i tng c cha trong file d liu. Ta c th lm vic vi cc loi d liu ngoi sau : - Microsoft Access. - Vusual Dbase. - Dbase. - Microsoft Excel. - Oracle. - Paradox - Microsoft Visual FoxPro. - SQL Server. Cc khi nim c bn. - Emvironment (mi trng) : L ci nn tt c cc thao tc trn c s d liu chy trn n. N bao gm tt c cc c s d liu m ngi dng c th thao tc trn n. - Catalog (mc lc) : l tp hp cc i tng c chung mt thuc tnh no . - Schema (biu ) : l mt hay nhiu cc mi quan h gia mt nhm cc i tng c lin quan n nhau. 2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu. C rt nhiu cch kt ni vi c s d liu ngoi nh dng Di y xin trnh by cch kt ni d liu ngoi qua Data Source ca Microsoft : ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity). Cc bc chun b kt ni c s d liu nh sau : - Bo m bn ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AUTOCAD. - Bo m l bn c chng trnh ODBC- Data source ca Microsoft. - nh cu hnh driver c s d liu thch hp, s dng ODBC v cc chng trnh OLE BD. - nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AUTOCAD. - Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT. - Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt khu. Nu h thng yu cu. - Kt ni n ngun d liu. - Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn. - Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v AUTOCAD. - To nhn da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun. Ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AUTOCAD. bit r bn ci tnh nng ny hay cha, bn vo menu tools dbConnect. Nu c ngha l bn ci t n. Nu cha, bn chy setup li, ri chn nt Add, trong mn hnh k tip bn chn DataBase. Ci t ODBC. bit r bn ci tnh nng ny hay cha, bn vo menu StartSettingsControl panelAdministrative Tools. Nu c ngha l bn ci t n. Nu cha, bn c th download free n t a ch www.microsoft.com, trong mc Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack. nh cu hnh mt d liu ngun.

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Trnh by cc cc bc to mt b d liu ngun trn OBDC. Gii thiu hai c s d liu l Access v Excel. nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AUTOCAD. Trnh by cc bc to mt kt ni trong AUTOCAD trn Slide. Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT. Thc hin connect trong AUTOCAD, quan st cc d liu trong c s d liu. Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt khu. Nu h thng yu cu Thc hin cc truy cp user v password nu data base yu cu. Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn. Trnh by cc tnh nng thm bt, sa i v cp nht d liu kt ni. Trnh by cc tnh nng view trong dataconnect. Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v AUTOCAD. To nhn da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun. 3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC. Nhp p chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th to mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni. to mi ta n nt Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu cn chnh sa, n nt configure. n nt add, ca s Create New Data source hin ln :

Chn driver m bn mun kt ni, V d nh Driver do Microsoft Acces (*.mdb) chng hn, sau n Finish. hp thoi ODBC Microsoft Access Setup hin ln :

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Data Source Name : nh tn ca c s d liu bn mun to. Description : m t c s d liu ny. Database : Thao tc vi c s d liu ca bn. - Select : chn c s d liu c. - Create : to mi mt c s d liu. - Repair : sa mt c s d liu c sn. - Compact : nn mt c s d liu. Option : cha cc ty chn v kt ni. Advandce :

- Default Authorization : cha cc thng tin v user v password c quyn truy cp vo c s d liu. 56

- Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. Bn c th xem v chnh sa li chng. 4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AUTOCAD. Vo Tools Dbconnect (lnh dbconnect, hoc n ctrl_F6) bt ca s DBCONNECT MANAGER. Theo mc nh ca AUTOCAD trong mc Data Sources s c sn data Jet_dbsamples. thm mt c s d liu vo trong AUTOCAD ta nhn phi chut vo Data Sources chn Configure Data Source. Ca s Configure a Data Source hin ln.

Trong Data Source Name ta in tn ca c s d liu kt ni. Nhn OK ca s Data Link Properties hin ln. Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n Next. Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta to trong mc nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC - Use data source of data : Chn tn kt ni ODBC thit lp bc trc. - Enter information to log on to server : in y user name v password truy nhp vo server nu c. - Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng bn s c thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh di y. Advanced : Chn cc ty chn kt ni nh thi goan kt ni, cc ty chn v v quyn truy cp d liu. All : Hin th v chnh sa ton b thuc tnh ca kt ni c s d liu. Sau n OK, c s d liu kt ni s hin ln trong mc Data Sources ca DBCONNECT MANAGER. 5. Chnh sa d liu trong AUTOCAD

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Bn c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AUTOCAD (ng nhin l nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). Bn bt ca s DataView ln bng cch nhp p chut tri vo bng d liu cn xem. T bng ny bn c th chnh sa, thm bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn ghi.. Nhng lu l khi bn chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay lp tc. Bn mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, bn nhn phi chut vo hnh mi tn bn gc trn tri nh hnh v. - Commit : cp nht li d liu - Restore : Phc hi li d liu gc (khng ghi li s chnh sa) Cc thao tc nh dng d liu cng ging ht nh trong Excel. Cc chc nng nh dng nh find, replace, format c th tham kho trong menu Data View. 6. To cc mu kt ni. Ta c th to ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc trng ca c s d liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong bn v lin kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng . c c mt kt ni trc tin ta phi to ra c mu kt ni. Sau y trnh by cc bc to ra c mt mu kt ni. Bn c th lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c s d liu nu mun v bn c th lin kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn v. V d bn c n gian phng, mi gian phng c t mt n 2 in thoi, v bn c mt bng cc s in thoi. Bn c th gn mi mt ci in thoi (trong bn v) vi mt trng ca d liu s in thoi va bn. Nu mt phng c 2 in thoi nhng chung mt dy th bn c th gn c hai cho mt s Mu lin kt link template gip AUTOCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s d liu s c ly ra lin kt vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc bc to mt mu lin kt nh sau : - Chn t menu DBConnectTemplateNew Link Template (nu c mt bng c m sn, bn c th chn nt lnh new Link Template trong ca s Dbconnect). - Nu bn cha m mt bng d liu no, AUTOCAD s m hp thoi Select Data Object. Chn mt bng v click nt Continue.

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- Trong hp vn bn New Template Name ca hp thoi New Link Template, bn nh tn ca mu lin kt vo. Nu bn c mt mu lin kt trc , bn mun s dng n lm c s cho mt mu mi, bn chn n t trong danh sch th xung Start With Template. Click Continue.

- Trong hp thoi Link Template, chn hp kim ca mt trng kha (key Field). Nu trng kha ca bn chn c cc hng trng nhau bt k, bn s phi chn thm mt trng kha th hai. - Click OK. AUTOCAD to cho bn mt mu lin kt. Bn c th quan st thy mu lin kt ca bn trong ca s DBconnect bn di bn v hin hnh. Lu : khi chn trng kha, bn nn chn trng kha khng c bt k mt hng no trng nhau. Nu c hng trng nhau, AUTOCAD s ly gi tr ca hng no n tm thy trc, cn tt c cc hng sau n s b qua. Nh vy vic chn trng kha l rt quan trong. Nu chn trng kha khng duy nht, bn s c th b st d liu. Sa li mu lin kt : chn menu DBConnectTemplatesEdit link Template. Trong hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun sa. Cc bc cn li nh to mt mu lin kt. Xa mu lin kt : DBConnectTemplatesDelete link Template. Sau trong hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun xa. 7. To, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni. Cc bc to mt kt ni nh sau : - M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu lin kt to trong danh sch th xung Select a Link Template pha trn ca ca s. - Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lin kt vi bn v. - Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Links. - Chn menu Data ViewLink! - Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun kin kt vi bn ghi va chn trong c s d liu. - Kt thc chn i tng AUTOCAD s a ra thng k trn dng lnh command v d nh : 1 record(s) linked with 1 object (s). By gi bn c mt lin kt gia d liu v bn v. Cc bc hiu chnh mt kt ni nh sau :

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- Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn chn mt i tng m bn mun hiu chnh. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager). - Trong ct Value, nhp gi tr mi m bn mun hiu chnh. Cc bc xa mt kt ni nh sau : - Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn chn mt i tng m bn mun xa lin kt. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager). - Sau bn chn cc i bn ghi m bn mun xa, n nt delete. Ngoi ra bn cng c th xut thng tin kt ni, to thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi lin kt vi i tng cn xut. - Chn dbConnectLinksExport Links. - Select objects : chn i tng m bn mun xut thng tin lin kt. - Trong mc Include Fields bn chn cc trng bn mun xut. - Trong danh sch save as type (AUTOCAD cho bn 3 kiu file nh trong phn xut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong mc trc) - t tn file ri n nt save. 8. Quan st cc kt ni. Bn cng c th quan st li cc kt ni to. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni : - Quan st cc i tng kt ni (View Linked Objects). - Quan st cc bn ghi kt ni (View Linked Records). AUTOCAD t ng chn cc i tng lin kt khi bn chn mt hng, bn chn Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects. AUTOCAD t ng chn cc hng lin kt khi bn chn i tng trn bn v, bn chn Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects. Cc ty bin trong hin th cc lin kt (Data View Option): - AutoPan v Autozoom hin th cc i tng c chn mt cch t ng. Ta cng c th hiu chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny mc nh l 50% c ngha l vng cha cc i tng = 50% vng ta quan st trong bn v. - Record Indication Record (show all records hoc select indicated records) hiu chnh ch hin th cc bn ghi lin kt hay hin tt c cc bn ghi ca bng v cc bn ghi lin kt s c nh du theo mu c chn mc Mark Indicated Records.

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9. To mu nhn. Ta cng c th to cc thng tin nh km vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng tin ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong bn v ty theo tnh nng m ta chn). Nu l gn dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt th cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc nhn (Label). to c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi to c cc mu nhn (Label Template). Sau y trnh by cc bc to c mt mu nhn. - Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template. - Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn. Click continue. - Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click contine.

- AutoCAD s m hp thoi Label Template nh hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Bn c th nh dng vn bn nh trong Multiline Text Editor.

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- Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt trng m bn mun xut hin trn nhn t danh sch th xung Field List, sau kch nt Add. Nu mun add thm trng vo nhn bn lp li cc bc trn. - Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu canh l trong hp start. Nhp di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh khong cch gia im u ca mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn (mu khong cch ny qu b gn mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy nh khong cch t im u ca mi tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i tng gn dnh.

Hiu chnh mt mu nhn : - Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateEdit Label Template. - Chn mu nhn m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Select a Database Object. Xa mt mu nhn : - Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateDelete Label Template. - Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object. 10. To nhn. Phn loi nhn : - Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca AUTOCAD. - Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no . Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo. Cc bc to mt nhn nh km : - M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template pha trn ca ca s. - Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong bn v. - Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Attached Label. - Chn menu Data ViewLink! - Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo. Cc bc to mt nhn t do :

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- M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template pha trn ca ca s. - Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong bn v. - Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Freestanding Label. - Chn menu Data ViewLink! - Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo. Mun xa nhn ta chn nhn cn xa t bn v, nhn nt delete trn bn phm. 11. S dng query truy tm d liu Bn c th truy tm d liu bng cc s dng ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c s dng hu ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s d liu. Bn c th s dng query lm nhng vic sau : - Xem mt tp con ca mt c s d liu. - Ly d liu t cc bng khc nhau ca c s d liu. - To mt tp chn t hp thoi Link Select. M hp thoi Query Editor, bn thc hin qua cc bc sau : - Menu dbConnectQueriesNew Query on a link Template. - Chn mu nhn bn mun s dng trong hp thoi Select a DataBase Object. Click continue. - nh tn Query bn mun to trong hp New Query Name (bn c th chn mt query c sn nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names). AUTOCAD cho php ta s dng mt s m hnh SQL sau : 11.1. S dng Quick Query

Gii thch : - Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo nt ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng. 63

- Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view. - Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi cc bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v. - Store : lu li query. - Execute : thi hnh query. 11.2. S dng Range Query

Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t From n gi tr Through. a. S dng Range Query

Nhm ngoc n gip bn nhm cc nhm iu kin li thnh mt nhm (nh cc php ton logic thng thng). 64

Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn. Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn. Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp xp. 11.3. S dng Range Query

Bn c th s dng ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nt check s gip bn kim tra c php ca mnh 11.4. S dng Link Select Link select cho php tao to ra mt tp chn s dng query. Cc bc to mt tp chn Link Select :

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III.

Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select. To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute. Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic. To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.

Lm vic vi Raster Image

1. Tng quan Bn c th chn cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs) vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh chn ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels), cn cc i tng (Object) trong AUTOCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chn s c kch thc ln v nng hn cc i tng ca AUTOCAD. AUTOCAD cho php bn c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha Images. 2. Chn nh (INSERTing images chn nh, ta chn INSERTRaster image chn file v ng dn ti n.

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3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images) Chn INSERTImage Manager m hp thoi Image Manager

- Attach INSERTs an image, opening the Image dialog box - Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in the drawing database. - Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it. - Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you can reload the image to redisplay it. - Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its path, and its size. 4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images) Mc ch : i khi ta khng cn hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch cn hin th mt phn cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nh hn, tng tc zoom v pan cho bn v. Cch lm : ModifyClipImage

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5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display) 5.1. iu khin hin th Chn ModifyObjectImage (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)

5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality) Chn ModifyObjectImageQuality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY) Lnh ny c tc dng cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm cho bn v chm hn. Vi la chn ny AUTOCAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality 5.3. Image transparency Chuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify Object Image Transparency. Mc nh l OFF, bt ch ny, bn chuyn sang ON. 5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame) Khi bn tt ch ng bao ca nh, bn s khng th chn c nh na. bt tt ch ny bn chn : ModifyObjectImageFrame IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects Phn ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AUTOCAD v cc ng dng khc. Bn c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng dng ngoi bng cc phng php sau : - Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh nng tr v chng trnh ngun khi bn mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi bn double-click vo i tng , chng trnh ngun s c m ra v bn c th chnh sa chng. - Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s dng khi bn khng mun lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s dng khi bn ch mun hin th chng m khng cn chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c chnh sa bng AUTOCAD - Link : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di dng ng link. AUTOCAD khng lu object m ch lu ng dn ti file cha Object . Khi file ngun b thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AUTOCAD file. Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong mc Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) 1. Embedding objects into AUTOCAD Cch 1

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- TAUTOCAD, chn inertOLE Object m INSERT Object dialog box (hoc c th bng lnh INSERTOBJ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the applications you have installed on your computer.) - To file mi, chn Create New ng dng s c m ra bn to d liu mi sau khi kt thc choose FileUpdate t ng dng . Sau ng ng dng li quay li vi AUTOCAD. - Bn c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file cn chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of this chapter). Chn OK. AUTOCAD t file top-left corner Cch 2 - Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy - Chuyn sang AUTOCAD, chn EditPates special chn embedding. Cch 3 - Bn ng dng ngun v AUTOCAD - nh du phn d liu mun chn vo trong AUTOCAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong AUTOCAD. OLE objects c mt s nhc im sau : - Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th v khng c in ra. - Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m khng qua iu khin in ca AUTOCAD. - OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi bn v khi bn s dng Plot rotation. Tuy nhin bn c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong my in h thng (the windows system printer) 2. Linking data Cch lm : - Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy - Chuyn sang AUTOCAD, chn EditPates special chn link Lu : - Khi bn m file AUTOCAD c cha ng link, AUTOCAD s cho bn la chn Update file link c trong bn v. - Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng cch vo INSERTOle links.

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- Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng dn file link ca bn, bn c th break link v change source. 3. Pasting data into AUTOCAD M ng dngcopy M AUTOCADEditpate special List hin ra ph thuc vo ng dng ngun.

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Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD

I. Cc i tng shape. 1. Khi nim v Shape. Shape l mt object (i tng) c s dng nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i tng nh ng thng, cung trn c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file dng vn bn ASSCII. s dng c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bin dch thnh cc file .SHX bng lnh Complie trong AUTOCAD. Sau , s dng lnh Load ti file .SHX vo bn v, dng lnh Shape chn cc shape vo bn v (nh l s dng lnh INSERT khi chn block). Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi ln chn shape vo bn v. Ngoi ra, shape cn c d dng to cc font ch, to cc dng ng phc tp. Block linh hot hn v d s dng hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape li hiu qu hn trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu ln v khi tc l quan trng. Bn cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AUTOCAD bng lnh load, hoc g b n khi AUTOCAD bng lnh Purge.

Figure 1: Load shape file

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Figure 2 : Purge shape files Chn file shape cn g b sau n Purge. ng dng ca Shape : - Dng tp cc font ch. - Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp. - Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block. Cch to ra cc Shape : chng ta nh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh by cch m t mt Shape. 2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP. Cc shape trong AUTOCAD c m t c th trong file .SHP v cc file c bin dch l .SHX. Ta c th s dng text editor hoc word processor to mi hoc sa cc shape trong shape file c v lu li thnh file c phn m rng l .SHP di dng in ASCII format. Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu dng, mi dng cha ti a 128 k t, nhng dng di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc dng ch thch bt u bng du chm phy. AUTOCAD s t ng b i cc dng trng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy. C php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau : *shapenumber,defbytes,shapename specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0 - * : du sao quy nh bt u m t mt Shape mi. - Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape - Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape - Shapename : Tn ca shape - Dng tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ngn cch nhau mt du phy. V kt thc bng s 0. Shapenumber 72

L s nguyn c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng to font unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong cng mt file khng c trng nhau. Defbytes S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng. Mt shape c ti a 2000 byte m t. Shapename Tn ca shape bt buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b b qua v thng c s dng lm nhn cho font shape. Specbyte Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di dng s thp phn hoc s thp lc. Nu s u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp lc. C hai loi byte m t. - M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code) - M c bit (Special Codes) Nghin cu c th tng loi Specbyte : 2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector). Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca chng c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui bao gm 3 k t. K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo biu din s thp lc phn. K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1 (n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t 1 (n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau y minh ha hng c s ha. Ch : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v. V d sau xy dng mt shape c tn l DBOX vi s nh danh l 230. *230,6,DBOX 014,010,01C,018,012,0 Dng trnh son tho NotePad to mt file vn bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi li vi tn l dbox.shp. S dng lnh Compile trong AUTOCAD bin dch thnh file dbox.shx. S dng lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AUTOCAD. Sau s dng lnh shape nh sau : Command: shape Enter shape name or [?]: dbox Specify INSERTion point: 1,1 Specify height <current>: 2 Specify rotation angle <current>: 0 Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau : Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im bt u v c ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau cng kt thc chui m t. 2.2. Special Codes (m c bit) Cc m c bit dng to cc hnh dng c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt chui 3 k t : K t u tin phi l s khng.

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K t th hai phi l s khng. K t ba xc nh chc nng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp lc phn nhp vo t 1 n F (15). Ch : cc m vn c th vit di dng thp lc phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay 8 u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp lc phn : M thp lc phn 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 00A 00B 00C 00D 00E Kt thc chui m t shape Chuyn qua cc ch v Tt ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn bt v Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AUTOCAD Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AUTOCAD Lu tr v tr hin ti vo trong ngn xp Ly v tr v c lu trc ra khi ngn xp M t subshape, S lng cc subshape s c m t trong byte k tip sau m ny V vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau m ny quy nh di x v y. V lin tip cc cung 45O. Hai byte theo sau n xc nh bn knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny. V cung trn bt k. Nm byte theo sau m 00B s miu t cung trn c v. V cung trn da vo h s cong. V lin tip cc cung trn da vo h s cong. S dng khi m t font ch. (s ni k trong phn sau) ngha

Sau y ta xt chi tit vic s dng cc m c bit. M 000 : Kt thc chui m t. Sau m 000 nh du kt thc chui m t ca mt shape. Ch sau s 0 phi n enter. M 001 v 002 : Bt tt ch v. 001 : bt ch v (defaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s c v trn mn hnh. 002 : Tt ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh. Nhng con tr v (bt v) vn di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n. V d : nh don m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung nh sau : *232,12,DBOX21 044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0 Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau : - 4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di cnh l 4 n v. - 3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s tt ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn. Di chuyn mt on 012 sau li bt ch v. 74

- 4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung cnh l 2 n v. M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v. Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguyn t 1-255, quy nh t l v. Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n. Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n. V d : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi 10. V d : Ta cng v hnh DBOX2 trn nhng s dng m thay i t l: Ta gi hnh ny l DBOX22, on m m t DBOX22 nh sau. *233,12,DBOX22 (* V hnh v tip tc on m y ch th hin Ly li t l *) M 005 v 006 : Lu v phc hi v tr ca con tr trong stack. M 005 y ta con tr v vo stack (ngn xp) v m 006 ly ta ra khi stack v gn n cho ta con tr hin hnh (ni cch khc l phc hi v tr con tr lu trong stack). Ngn xp ti a ch lu tr c 4 v tr. Nu lu tr qu kh nng ca n AUTOCAD s thng trn stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn Nu stack ang rng, ta c tnh dng 006 ly ta ra khi stack. Khi v shape ny AUTOCAD s thng bo Position stack underflow in shape nnn. V d : Ta v hnh DBOX2 nhng c s dng code 005 v 006 nh sau : ( V hnh m t ) M 007 : M t subshape M 007 ch yu dng to font ch. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn to font ch. M 008 v 009 : dch chuyn theo phng X v Y Thng thng m vector ch cho php ta v c trong 16 hng nh sn vi di ti a l 15 n v. Ta dng m ny v nhanh chng cc shape n gin, nhng khng th dng to cc shape phc tp. Vi m 008,009 bn c th v vector c di v hng khng gii hn, bng cch s dng dch chuyn X,Y ( dch chuyn tng i so vi im m con tr v ang ng). Theo sau m 008 l 2 byte quy nh di X,Y vi dng sau : 008,X-displacement,Y-displacement di X-displacement,Y-displacement c gi tr trong khong -128 n +127. Du (+) l khng bt buc. Chng ta cng c th s dng du ngoc n cho d c v d kim sot : 008,(X-displacement,Y-displacement) V d : (-10,3) m t vector hng v tri 10 n v v hng ln trn 3 n v. Khc vi m 008 ch v mt vector, m 009 v lin tip cc vector. Theo sau m 009 l cc cp byte quy nh di (X,Y) v du hiu nhn bit kt thc m 009 l cp byte (0,0). V d : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) v lin tip ba vector c di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,3).

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M 00A : v cung trn 45 . Theo sau m 00A l 2 byte nh ngha mt cung trn 45o (bng 1/8 ng trn). Cc cung c nh th t t 0 n 7 tnh theo v tr u ca cung. M m t cung trn nh sau : 10,radius,()0SC Bn knh (radius) c gi tr t 1 n 255. Byte th 2 (-)0SC m t : - Du (-) quy nh hng v ca cung trn (v ngc chiu kim ng h nu l dng, theo chiu kim ng h nu l m). - 0 : Lun lun l 0, quy nh cc k t sau n l h thp lc phn. - C : S lng cc cung trn 45o. C gi tr t 0 n 7. Nu l 0 th AUTOCAD s v c vng trn (8 cung 45o) bn knh radius. M 00B : v cung trn bt k. M 00B cho php v mt cung trn bt k, khng nht thit phi bt u bng cc v tr nh trc nh m 00A. 00B,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius,radius,(-)0SC Start_offset: Biu din di ca cung trn so vi im bt u v c quy nh trc trong m 00A (c nh s t 0-7). Gi tr ca start_offset c tnh bng cch ly gi tr ca gc hp bi im bt u v cung theo 00B v im bt u v cung theo 00A nhn vi 256 v chia cho 45. hay start_offset = s o gc * 256/45. End_offset : Biu din di ca im cui cung trn so vi im 1/8 ng trn tng ng. Gi tr ca end_offset cng c tnh tng t nh start_offset Radius : bn knh ca cung trn (t 1 n 255 n v ). High-radius : C gi t 0 n 255. S dng khi mun v cung trn c bn knh ln hn 255 n v. Cch tnh nh sau : Bn knh = High-radius*256+Radius. (-)OSC : M t nh 00A. Dng xc nh cc gi tr start_offset v end_offset M 00C v 00D : V ch phnh ra hoc cc cung trn c bit. Vi cc m 00C v 00D ta c th v c cc cung trn c hnh dng bt k bng cch s dng h s cong ca cung trn. M 00C v mt cung trn, m 00D v nhiu cung trn lin tip nhau. Theo sau m 00C l 3 byte m t cung trn nh sau : 00C,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge X-displacement,Y-displacement : di ca im cui ca cung trn (Ta tng i ca im cui so vi im u) c gi tr t -127 n +127. Bulge : H s xc nh cong ca cung trn. C gi tr t -127 n 127. Cch tnh nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127. - D : Chiu di dy cung. - H : Chiu cao ca cung - Du (-) v theo chiu kim ng h. Du (+) hoc khng c du th v ngc chiu kim ng h.

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Nu m 00C ch v mt cung trn th m 00D v lin tip cc cung trn. Theo sau m 00D l cc cp byte m t cung trn c v v kt thc 00D bng mt cp byte (0,0). V d : 00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0) (0,5,0) m t mt ng thng c di bng 5 n v. M 00E : M t font ch theo phng thng ng. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn sau. II. To font ch Hin nay AUTOCAD cho php ta s dng 3 loi font ch. Font ch h thng (system font), phong ch s dng shape (shape font) v big font. Font h thng : - Cu to : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton fill - u im : system font p hn cc font khc. - Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc font khc. Tc ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.

Shape font : - Cu to bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP. - u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln. - Nhc im : Khng p lm. Big font Cu to :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape font ni trn. Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t cn big font c th cha n 65535 k t. 1. To font ch SHX. Font ch SHX c to ra v s dng trong AUTOCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt shape c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n 255). phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c dng m t u tin nh sau : *0,4,font-name above,below,modes,0 Font-name : Tn font ch Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline. Modes - 0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang. - 1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng. - 2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng. (v hnh minh ha vo y) To mt v d minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape bt k ri minh ha.

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2. To big font. Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t khng phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AUTOCAD cung cp mt dang file gi la big font file. Big font file cng c miu t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. Dng u tin ca big font c dng nh sau : *BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,. nchars : s lng gn ng cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th tc truy xut s rt chm. nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dng lm m escape codes. b1, e1, b2, e2, - b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th nht - b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th hai V d . 3. To big font t file m rng. Trong cc file kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s dng li nhiu ln nh cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc Subshape, c th dng li to cc shape khc nhau. Dng u tin ca cc big font file m rng tng t nh big font file bnh thng : *BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,. Dng th hai s gip nhn bit l big font m rng : *0,5,font-name character-height,0,modes,character-width,0 Font name : Tn ca big font Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s m t k t. Modes - 0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang. - 1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng. - 2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng. Ch : m 00E (14) ch c tc dng khi gi tr modes bng 2. Cc dng tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 chn cc subshape. Cc subshape cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc. *Shapenumber,defbytes,shapename specbyte,,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoint-y,width,height,spectbyte,,0 Shapenumber : s nguyn 2 byte, dng thp lc phn, v do , phi c thm s 0 pha trc. Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) cn thit m t shape (k c s 0 sau cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte. Shapename : Tn k t Specbyte : byte m t 007,0 : 2 byte bt u on chn subshape 78

Primitive# : gi tr shapenumber ca shape. basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh phn ta x,y ca im chn subshape. Width, height : chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c chn, kch thc subshape s c thu nh bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi gi tr Width, height. Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape. III. To cc dng ng (file linetype) 1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng. AUTOCAD cung cp rt nhiu dng ng c sn. Cc dng ng ny c th l nt t, nt lin, hay cc ng tm, Cc dng ng ny c cung cp trong file .LIN. Ta cng c th t to ra cc file ny v lu li di nh dng Text v c ui l .LIN. AUTOCAD cung cp cc dng ng c sn trong file AUTOCAD.LIN, AAUTOCADISO.LIN . Cc dng ng n gin c cu to t cc im(dot), on thng(dash) v khong trng c v i v li nhiu ln. V d : - Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v - Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v - Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v - Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v - Mt im nh (nt gch di 0 n v bn v) - Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v Ta phn dng ng lm hai loi : dng ng n gin v dng ng phc tp. - Dng ng n gin l cc dng ng ch bao gm cc on thng, khong trng v u chm. - Dng ng phc tp l cc dng ng khng ch cha cc on thng, khong trng, du chm m cn cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay cc i tng Shape. 2. To cc dng ng n gin. C hai cch to dng ng n gin - Dng creat trong lnh -linetype - To file m t dng m ACII c phn m rng .LIN. 2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype. Command: -LINETYPE Current line type: "ByLayer" Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: C Enter name of linetype to create: name Wait, checking if linetype already defined... (Hp thoi Creat and Append linetype file hin ln bn di). Descriptive text: Duong tam Enter linetype pattern (on next line): A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25 79

Create Duong co ten la name Chn tn file s to mi hoc m file .LIN c sn ghi ng li ng ny Tn ng s hin trong hp linetype manager Nhp vo cc byte m t dng

Quy c m t dng ng trong linetype. - Dng ng c bt u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt thc i tng bng gch lin. - Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt gch lin. - Gi tr m quy nh di khong trng.

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- S 0 quy nh on thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot). Nh vy dng ng c m t trong file sample1.lin trn c dng sau : Ch : M A (alignment) quy nh cch v cc dng ng ti cc im cui ca cc i tng v. M Alignment l t ng a vo trong nh ngha file .LIN. Dng bnh thng. Dng thu ngn li. Di ko di ra. Dng qu ngn (bin i tng thnh nt lin). 2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN Mi dng ng trong file .LIN c m t trong hai dng : *linetype_name,description A,descriptor1,descriptor2, ... Du * t trc tn dng ng l bt buc. Linetypename : Tn ca ng, s hin ln trong linetype manager. Description : Chui m t c th c hoc khng c v di khng qu 47 k t. A : quy nh kt thc i tng v bng nt gch lin. Descriptor 1,2,.. : Byte m t dng ng (nh trnh by trn).

IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape Cch m t cc nt gch khong trng v du chm tng t nh trong file m t dng ng n gin. C php m t mt dng ng ging nh dng ng n gin. i vi dng ng c cha i tng shape th ta ch vic thm vo on m t dng ng mt c php m t shape nh sau : [shapename,shxfilename] or [shapename,shxfilename,transform] Shape name : Tn ca i tng v shape. Nu tn ca i tng khng c trong file shape, AUTOCAD s xem nh khng c phn m t v i tng shape trong dng ng. Shxfilename : Tn ca file .shx cha i tng shape cn chn vo dng ng. Cn phi ch r tn, ng dn, nu khng AUTOCAD s tm trong th mc mc nh cha cc file .SHX : \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AUTOCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support. Transform : L mc ty chn, gm cc thng s tng ng vi php bin hnh khi chn i tng shape v dng ng. Gi tr ca transform c m t trong bng di y, mi thng s c cch nhau bi du phy. Gi tr ca cc thng s Transform. Gi tr R=## Relative rotation A=## Absolute rotation S=## Scale X=## X offset Y=## Y offset V d : ngha Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng thng c v. Gc quay tuyt i so vi trc OX ca h ta WCS. H s t l (ca shape c chn vi shape c m t trong shape file). di theo phng ng thng (X n v) di theo phng vung gc vi ng thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)

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Dng lnh load ti file ltypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape chn shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau : M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau : *BAT1LINE, --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7 *BAT2LINE, --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7 *BAT3LiNE, --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sample\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7 Hnh dng cc linetype trn hin theo th t nh sau :

Ch : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht thit phi c nh. 1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch. C php m t i tng ch trong dng ng phc tp nh sau : (* ch trong AUTOCAD 2005, c php to dng ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin bn trc, n yu cu nght ngho hn cc phin bn trc). ["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset] - Text : chui k t c chn vo. - Style : Tn kiu ch m AUTOCAD s ly nh dng cho text. - Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transform. V d : *HOT_WATER_SUPPLY1,---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2 Kt qu ta c dng ng nh sau : Ch : Nu s=0 th text s ly theo font v c c ch (height) bng 1. V. To cc mu mt ct. 1. File mu mt ct. Mu mt ct c AUTOCAD miu t trong file c phn m rng .PAT. Ta c th s dng cc mt ct c sn c m t trong cc file AAUTOCAD.PAT v AAUTOCADISO.PAT hoc t to cc mu ring lu li trong file .PAT di nh dng ACII file. Ch , khc vi dng ng, mi file dng mt ct ch cha c mt dng mt ct v tn file phi trng vi tn mt ct.

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Mc nh *.pat c lu trong th mc \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AUTOCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support. Sau khi to xong cc dng mt ct trong cc file ring l. Bn c th copy on m t mt ct trong cc file ny vo cc file AAutoCAD.Pat hoc AAutoCADIso.Pat, b xung chng vo mc Patern trong lnh BHatch. Cng ging nh dng ng, ta chia dng mt ct thnh hai loi : Mt ct n gin v dng mt ct phc tp. - Mu mt ct n gin l mu ch cha mt dng ng thng. - Mu mt ct phc tp l mu gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh. 2. To mu mt ct n gin. Mt mu mt ct trong file .PAT c m t bng nhiu dng lin nhau. C php m t nh sau : *pattern-name[, description] angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...] - Pattern name : Tn mt ct s m t, khng c cha khong trng. - Description : Phn m t (Khng bt buc) v khng c vt qu 80 k t - Angle : Gc ca ng ct. - x-origin : Honh x ca im chun dng v mu mt ct. Thng thng ta s dng im gc c ta (0,0) - y-origin : Tung ca im chun dng lm gc ta . - delta-x : di ca ng ct theo phng phng ng thng. - delta-y : di ca ng ct theo phng vung gc vi phng ng thng. - dash1, dash2, ... : Ch s dng khi cc ng ct l dng ng khng lin tc. Cc gi tr ny m t dng ng (bao gm nt gch v khong trng). V d To file c tn L123.PAT ni dung nh sau *L123, proposed future trailers 0, 0,0, 0,0.5

To file c tn L124.PAT ni dung nh sau *L124, proposed future trailers 90, 0,0, 0,1

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*L125, proposed future trailers 0,1,0,1,2,-3,1

3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp. Mu mt ct phc tp c to t nhiu h ng khc nhau (line family). Cc h ng ny c m t trn mt dng vo tp thnh mt mt ct phc tp. V d : on m t sau to ra mt mt ct nh hnh v *lightning, interwoven lightning 90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25

*lightning, interwoven lightning 0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25

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*lightning, interwoven lightning 90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25

V on m sau m t mt mt ct phc tp to bi 3 h ng trn : *lightning, interwoven lightning 90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25 0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25 90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25

VI. Menu. 1. Menu v file menu. 1.1. Cc loi menu C tng cng c 10 loi menu - Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit, - Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v tr trn bn v. - Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. - Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc DrawSurfaces3d surfaces. - Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools optionDisplayWindow elementDisplay screen menu. - Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi. - Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.

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- Cc bng nhp s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc bng s ha ca AutoCAD. Ci ny ti cng mi nhn thy ln u ti trin lm tin hc thng 11 va ri ( cn gi l tablet digital). - Cc chui ch thch status (helpstring): Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. Khi ta chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xut hin cc dng ch thch thanh trng thi (status). - Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+oOpen, v.v 1.2. Cc loi file menu Chng ta c cc loi file menu sau : *.mnu *.mns File menu mu, y l file m ACII m bn c th hiu chnh trc tip trn n. y l file menu ngun c pht sinh bi AUTOCAD da trn file *.mnu. Cu trc file ny n gin hn mnu mt cht nhng v c bn l ging. Bn cng c th hiu chnh trc tip trn file ny. Khi bn thay i cc phm tt, hoc thay i cc toolbar, ngay trong AUTOCAD th AUTOCAD s ghi li s thay i trn file ny. Ch khng ghi vo file *.mnu. AUTOCAD s khng can thip vo File *.mnu v n coi file ny l file ca ngi dng to ra. L file bin dch m nh phn ca AUTOCAD. AUTOCAD s bin dch file mns trn thnh file file mnc my c th ti v s l nhanh hn. File nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s dng cho menu nh. File acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i km vi menu. N s t ng c ti ln nu c cng tn vi file *.mnc

*.mnc *.mnr *.mnl

Cc file trn to thnh h cc file menu (family menu files). Khi mt file menu c ti, n s c ng k ln registry v ln sau khi khi ng AUTOCAD n s ti li file menu ny. Quy trnh ti mt menu nh sau :

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Bt u

Quy c + : Tm thy -- : Khng tm thy + +

Tm *.mns --

Tm *.mnc --

To ra file *.mnc v *.mnr da trn file *mns +

Tm *.mnc --

Tm *.mnu --

Bin dch *.mnu thnh *.mns v *.mnc to ra file *mnr

Ti *.mnc

Bo li

Kt thc

1.3. Ti, g b mt menu Lnh Menuload dng ti mt menu vo AUTOCAD. Ta cng c th iu chnh s hin th ca cc menu trn hp thoi Customization Menu. Lnh Menu cho php ta ti mt menu vo AUTOCAD, khc vi mnh Menuload trc khi trc khi ti menu th n g b tt c cc menu hin hnh trong AUTOCAD. Ch khi ti file *.mnu, cc thay i ca toolbar s bin mt. V AUTOCAD s dch file *.mnu thnh file *.mns v khi file *.mns ca bn s bin mt, ng ngha vi iu l cc thay i trong toolbar ,shortcut key ca bn cng bin mt theo. V cc menu th ta phn bit hai loi menu l menu chnh v menu tng phn. Menu chnh l cc menu c ti u tin bng lnh menuload. Hay cc menu c ti bng lnh menu trong dng lnh command ca AUTOCAD. Menu chnh khc menu tng phn ch : Menu chnh c ti ton b vo AUTOCAD. Cn cc menu tng phn cc phn v AUX menu v Buttom menu s khng c ti. 2. Ty bin mt menu 2.1. Cu trc mt file menu Thng thng mt file menu gm 9 phn. - Mi file menu s m t mt nhm menu v dng u tin s quy nh tn ca nhm . C php m t nh sau : 87

***Menugroup=namegroup. Phn 2 : cha cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng iu khin cc thit b chut v cc thit b h thng khc nu c. Phn 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu Phn 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c Phn 5 : cha cc dng m t menu Image Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu) Phn 7 : m t cc bng s ha (tablet) Phn 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key Phn 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng tr gip (tatus string).

Cc ghi ch c bt u bng du // Mi phn gm mt hoc nhiu section (hoc cng c th khng c). Mi section l mt nhm cc menu c chc nng tng t nhau (thng thng l th). Mi section gm c 3 phn. - Phn 1 : tn ca section. Tn ca section c bt u bng ba du sao. Tn ca section ***Butonsn ***AUXn ***Popn ***Toolbars ***Image ***Screen ***Tabletn ***HelpStrings ***Accelerators Thnh phn menu tng ng Menu ca cc thit b tr khc. Menu thit b chut Cc popup menu hoc cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu) Cc thanh cng c Cc menu hnh nh Menu mn hnh Cc bng s ha Cc chui tr gip trn thanh trng thi Cc phm nng

- Phn 2 : Tn ca menu, Tn ca menu bt u bng 2 du sao v yu cu phi l duy nht. Tn ny dng lin kt cc mc ca cc menu khc, cc thanh cng c, cc dng tr gip v cc menu hnh nh. Tn ca menu khng c c nhiu hn 12 k t v khng c cha khong trng. Nu khng chng s b b qua. - Phn 3 : nhn v tn ca nhm menu. C php m t n nh sau : ID_NameLabel [dong mo ta se hien len tren man hinh] - Phn 3 : cc menu thnh phn. C php m t mt menu item nh sau : ID_NameLabel [name]menu_macro Trong : name l tn s xut hin ln mn hnh ca menu item. Menu_macro l nhng macro c thi hnh khi menu ny c chn. Quan st mt v d trong file aAutoCAD.mnu nh sau ***POP1 **FILE ID_MnFile [&File] ID_New ID_NewSheet ID_Open ID_OpenSheet [&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new [Ne&w Sheet Set...]^c^c_newsheetset [&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open [Op&en Sheet Set...]^c^c_opensheetset 88 Section name Nenu name Menu ID v dng m t ca menu s xut hin trn mn hnh (nh file,edit,draw,) Cc dng tip theo m t cc mc chn (hay cn gi l cc menu thnh phn menu item)

ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close 2.2. Menu Macro y l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loi menu u c cha n. Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c chn. Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s ny ti dng nhc lnh command ca AUTOCAD. Cc quy c dng trong menu macro. K t Space bar, du ; Space bar du \ Du + Du * ^C ^P ^M ^B ^E ^G ^H ^O ^T ^Z // M t Du enter trong AUTOCAD L khong trng khi ang nhp text Tm dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr Dng khi dng m t qu di, Mun m t tip dng k tip ta t du + cui dng t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp li lnh n khi ta n ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc Hy tt c cc lnh ang hot ng (Escapse) Tt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng MenuEcho thnh on,off). K t ENTER (Ctrl+M) Chuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tr (Ctrl+B) Chuyn v tr si tc con tr trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr trong mt phng trc o (Ctrl+E) Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G) Tng t nh phm BackSpace., dng xa k t trc noa ca dng lnh command. Chuyn i ch V vung gc (Ortho). Chuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T) K t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item. Quy c bt u ca chui ch thch.

V d 1 : ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a Phn tch v d: S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle ^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n. _arc : Bt u v mt cung trn, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau. khong trng tng ng vi phm enter. \ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh. _c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau. \ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh. _a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau. V d 2 ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ; Phn tch v d: ^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s dng.

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Select : Bt u select command. Du cch th hin enter, kt thc lnh select. Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v V d 3 on macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c b rng 0.1 n v. ^C^Cpedit \w .1 ; V d 4 Bn c th s dng macro sau t ng v 4 ng trn vi bn knh v tm c nh sn, v dng qu di ta phi vit lm 2 dng nn ta thm du cng cui. ^C^Ccircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle + 14,2 1.5 2.3. Pull-down Menu 2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu Puldown menu c khai bo t section Pop1 n pop499. mi section c th c mt hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th c ti a 999 mc menu item. AUTOCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt qu gii hn trn. Nu mn hnh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AUTOCAD s t ng ct bt i va vi kch thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln xung s c xut hin. Pulldown chia lm hai loi. - Loi th nht c section t pop1 n pop 16. Cc menu ny s c t ng ti vo v tr ca n trn mn hnh. Nu section ny m c nhiu hn mt menu th ch menu u tin mi c ti vo mn hnh. - Loi th hai c section t Pop17 n pop 499. Cc menu ny s khng t ng c ti vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin ta vn c th ti n vo mn hnh bng lnh menuload hoc bng chc nng menu swapping. 2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu i vi cc pull-down menu, tiu ca mc chn u tin s c s dng lm tiu xut hin trn thanh menu. Cn cc dng m t tip theo s l nhn, tiu v macro ca cc menu thnh phn. Cch to tiu cho cc menu v menu thnh phn l nh nhau; cc tiu phi c t trong du ngoc vung. Cc quy c tao tiu ca menu. K t ngha -Dng phn cch trn thanh menu -> Bt u mt menu cha (submenu) <Kt thc menu cha (kt thc submenu) <-<Khai bo cui cng ca submenu v menu $( ) Cho php s dng chui DIESEL trong tiu mc menuItem. ~ Lm m mc chn v khng cho php chn mc ny !. Lm xut hin du chn () trc menu. & Lm xut hin du gch chn cho k t ng sau n (khai bo phm tt) \t Canh l phi cho k t trong tiu ca mc chn. \c Khai bo phm nng. Phn tch v d sau : **FILE ID_MnFile [&File] 90

ID_New [&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new ID_Open [&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close [--] ID_Save [&Save\tCtrl+S]^C^C_qsave ID_Saveas [Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]^C^C_saveas ID_Export [&Export...]^C^C_export [--] ID_Inan [->Print] ID_Preview [/vPlot Preview]^C^C_preview ID_PlotSetup [Pa&ge Setup Manager...]^C^C_pagesetup ID_PlotMgr [Plotter &Manager...]^C^C_plottermanager ID_Print [<-&Plot...\tCtrl+P]^C^C_plot [--] ID_MRU [Drawing History] [--] ID_APP_EXIT [E&xit\tCtrl+Q]^C^C_quit Phn tch v d sau : [Pop&3] ID_ortho [$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O ID_Snap [$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B ID_grid [$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line 2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc thng s trng thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s dng tham chiu thng qua cc hm AutoLisp. C hai loi tham chiu : - Tham chiu tng i - Tham chiu tuyt i. Tham chiu tng i. Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s dng tn nhn ca menu item. Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldown menu. C php : - gn trng thi cho menu (menucmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx) - ly thng s trng thi ca menu (menucmd Gyyy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr xxx Trong yyy tn ca nhm menu zzz nhn mc chn xxx - trng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (trng thi bnh thng. Tham chiu tuyt i Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d trn vic m s lng cc menu trn mn hnh. Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldown menu. C php : - gn trng thi cho menu 91

(menucmd Pn.i=xxx) - ly thng s trang thi ca menu (menucmd Pn.i=#?) hm tr v gi tr xxx Trong n s th t ca menu tnh t tri sang phi trn mn hnh. i s th t ca menu item cn tham chiu n (tnh c submenu v du ngn cch gia cc phn trong menu ) xxx Gi trih ca xxx bng Pn.i=&trng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (trng thi bnh thng. V d : ID_Swap1 [Swaping1]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "P1.1=#?") "P1.1=~") (menucmd "P1.1=") (menucmd "p1.1=~") ) ID_Swap2 [Swaping2]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "GAAUTOCAD.ID_new=?") "~") (menucmd "GAAUTOCAD.ID_new=") (menucmd "GAAUTOCAD.ID_new=~") ) 2.3.4. Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar Ngoi lnh MenuLoad, cc pull-down menu ca nhm ny c th c a vo thanh menubng c php sau y : (Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=+uuu.vvv) Trong : Gyyyzzz - s xc nh v tr ca pull-down menu uuu.vvv s chn vo. yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr. zzz B danh (hay tn mc chn) ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr cho uuu.vvv chn vo . uuu Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun chn. uvv Tn b danh ca pull-down menu cn chn Ta cng c th loi b mt Pull-down menu khi thanh menu bng lnh sau : (Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=-) Trong : yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun xa. zzz B danh ca pull-down menu mun xa. V d : ***pop3 **Test3 [Pop&3] ID_ortho [$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O ID_Snap [$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B ID_grid [$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line ID_huybo [Xoa menu]^c^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=-") ID_chenpop4 [Chen pop4]^C^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=+Custom.Pop4") ***pop4 **Test4 [Pop&4] ID_monew1 [mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=~");^P ID_hiennew1 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=");^P ID_TTnew1 [ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert (menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=?"));^P [--] ID_monew2 [mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=~");^P ID_hiennew2 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=");^P 92

ID_TTnew2

[ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert "Cmdmenu"&(menucmd "P5.1=#?"));^P

2.4. Shortcut menu. Shortcut menu v c bn ging Pull-down menu. Ch khc nhau khai bo section Shortcut menu c khai bo t section Pop500 n pop999 V Pop0. Trong mi menu c th c ti a 499 mc menu item. AUTOCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt qu gii hn trn. Nu mn hnh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AUTOCAD s t ng ct bt i va vi kch thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln xung s c xut hin. Menu Pop0 ca AUTOCAD l menu Snap, hin cc phng thc truy bt im. Cc menu Pop500 n Pop999 l cc menu ng cnh (context menu) 2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu. 2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu Cc nt ca thit b con chut c khi bo bi cc auxiliary menu v c m t trong file menu t section ***AUXn (t ***AUX1 n ***AUX4) Cc thit b tr khc nh bt in t c khi bo bi cc Buttons menu v c m t trong file menu t section ***Buttonsn. Lu l cc buttons menu v cc auxiliary menu ch c hiu lc trong file menu base (menu chnh) ch khng c tc dng nu ta khai bo trong cc partial menu (menu thnh phn). V m t ca buttons menu v auxiliary ging nhau nn y ta ch xt cc AUX menu, cn cc buttons menu tng t. Cc menu t section AUX1 n AUX4 c ngha nh sau : Section T hp phm v chut AUX1 Nhn mt trong cc nt chut AUX2 Phm Shift + mt nt chut AUX3 Phm Ctrl + mt nt chut AUX4 Phm Ctrl+Shift+mt nt chut 2.5.2. To cc AUX menu. Mi dng trong section ny l mt mc chn. Cu trc ca section cng tng t nh cc section khc. Tuy nhin phn tn v tiu l khng bt buc, ta c th b qua chng hoc ta s dng chng lm ch thch. Xem xt v d sau : ***AUX1 // Simple button // if a grip is hot bring up the Grips Cursor Menu (POP 500), else send a carriage return // If the SHORTCUTMENU sysvar is not 0 the first item (for button 1, the "right button") // is NOT USED. $M=$(if,$(eq,$(substr,$(getvar,cmdnames),1,5),GRIP_),$P0=AAUTOCAD.GRIPS $P0=*); $P0=SNAP $p0=* ^C^C ^B ^O ^G ^D ^E ^T

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Mc th nht tng ng vi nt chut th 2 nu bin h thng shortcutmenu=0. Cn nu bin ny khc khng th nt ny s c lin kt vi cc shortcut menu mc nh ca h thng AUTOCAD. Mc th 2 tng ng vi nt s 3 ca h thng chut nu bin h thng Mbuttonpan=0. Cn bin ny khc khng th nt ny s c lin kt vi nt pan mc nh ca AUTOCAD (mc nh ca bin ny l 1). Mc chn th 3 tng ng vi nt lnh th 4 ca chut. Ni chung chut c bao nhiu nt th ta c by nhiu dng lnh. Ta lu l ch c Pop0 th mi c kh nng hin ti v tr con chut trn mn hnh. V d sau s dng tiu lm ch thch : ***AUX1 [nut so 2]; nt th hai l lnh enter. [nut so 3](alert "nut thu 2 duoc an") nt th ba a ra thng bo. [nut thu 4]^C^C nt th 4 nt escape. Tng t nh th bn c th hiu chnh cc menu AUX2, AUX3, AUX4 ca mnh sao cho hp vi cc 2.5.3. Menu swaping. Menu swaping dng trao i ni dung gia cc menu. V d khi ta ang thc hin lnh zoo, bn phi chut chuyn sang shortcut menu khc. Hay khi vo Draw Surfaces 3D surface... AUTOCAD chuyn sang menu image bn chn cc hnh cn v vi slide i km. C php tro i nh sau : $Section=MenuGroup.MenuName $Section=MenuGroup.* Nu 2 menu ta mun trao i nm cng trong mt group ta c th b qua MenuGroup. Ngha l c php ca ta s nh sau ; $Section=MenuName $Section=* V d sau c trch trong file AAutoCAD.mnu : ID_3dsurface [&3D Surfaces...]$I=AAUTOCAD.image_3dobjects $I=AAUTOCAD.* y menu item 3d surfaces trong menu draw ca AUTOCAD. Khi ta chn mc ny th AUTOCAD s chuyn sang menu image c tn l image_3dobjects V d sau c trch trong file AAutoCAD.mnu : ***AUX2 // Shift + button $P0=SNAP $p0=* Khi ta bn shift + chut phi s chuyn sang section Pop0, menu Snap nm trong Section Pop0. 2.6. Image Tile menus Menu hnh nh l loi menu c bit trong AUTOCAD, cha danh sch cc mc chn v cc hnh slide tng ng vi cc mc chn . Khi chn vo cc mc chn 2.6.1. Section ca Image menu Cc menu hnh nh nm trong section Image. V c khai bo l ***Image. Section v d mt section menu hnh nh nh sau : ***image Khai bo tn section **image_poly Tn ca menu (menu name) [Set Spline Fit Variables] Tiu ca menu hnh nh.

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[aAutoCAD(pm-quad,Quadric Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 5 Cc dng m t cc mc chn [aAutoCAD(pm-cubic,Cubic Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 6 ca menu hnh nh [aAutoCAD(pm-bezr,Bezier Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 8 [aAutoCAD(pl-quad,Quadric Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 5 [aAutoCAD(pl-cubic,Cubic Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 6 2.6.2. M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh Mi mc chn ca menu hnh nh c m t gm 2 phn : tiu v menu macro (khng c phn nhn ID nh cc pull-down menu). Phn tiu c cc cch m t sau : [sldname] nh ca slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu, tiu l sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. [sldname,labeltext] Tiu l LabelText s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu. [sldlib(sldname)] Tiu l sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu. [sldlib(sldname,labeltext)] Tiu l labeltext s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu. [blank] Khi bn mun chn mt Icon trng trn danh sch cc slide bn phi hp menu. Mt dng phn cch s c hin ln trn danh sch pha bn tri hp menu. [ labeltext] Khi k t u tin ca mc m t l khong trng, mc mo t s c hin ln trong danh sch nhng khng c mt Icon no c hin ln bn phi hp menu c. Bn thng dng n trong trng hp bn mun to mt nt exit thot ra khi menu hnh nh, th mc chn ny thng khng c Icon i km. 2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh Ngoi vic gi hin th cc menu hnh nh bng chc nng swap menu (nh trnh by mc 2.5.3), ta cn c th s dng cc dng lnh AutoLisp gi chng. C php nh sau : (MenuCmd I=yyy.xxx)(menu cmd i=*) Trong yyy Tn nhm menu. Nu cng chung mt group th ta c th b qua yyy. xxx Tn menu hnh nh. V d nh sau : (menucmd "I=aAutoCAD.image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*") (menucmd "I=image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*") 2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide. To cc slide. Lu : - To slide phi tht d nhn bit. 95

- Hnh nh phi va khung. Hnh nh c to vi t l (1 x 1.5) - Cc i tng t m nh Pline, trace, 2d solid ch hin ln cc ng vin. c cc hnh t bng ta s dng lnh t bng Shade trc khi to hnh slide. Trnh t to : - Chuyn qua khng gian giy v - To Viewport c kch thc 1,5:1 To th vin slide.

2.7. Menu mn hnh. 2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.

2.8. Chui ch thch thanh trng thi. 2.8.1. Section ca on m t chui ch thch. Cc dng ch thch ny c m t trong section ***HELPSTRINGS 2.8.2. M t chui ch thch. Dng m t nh sau : ID_menu [status tring] V d : 2.9. To cc phm tt. 2.9.1. Section ca on m t cc phm tt on m t cc phm tt nm trong section : ***ACCELERATORS. 2.9.2. To phm tt Tn mc chn + t hp phm nng V d : ID_Open [control+O] T hp phm nng+Chui lnh cn thc hin. V d : [Control + O]^C^C_Open Cc t hp thng dng : Control, shift, Alt, A,Z,"numpad0","numpad9" VII. Toolbar 1.1. To Toolbar 1.2. To nt lnh mi 1.3. Sa nt lnh 1.4. To mt Flyout 1. cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar

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Trnh din mt ln to toolbars. Ch to flyout Toolbar

Khi mun to mt nt lnh trong toolbar, bn chuyn n commands User Defined button, User Defined Flyout. Ko r uer difined vo toolbar m bn cn thm mi nt lnh. Sau bm vo nt Properties, hp thoi s hin ra nh sau :

97

To Toolbars bng cch dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy nhin bn cn c th to ra bng cch son tho trc tip trong file aAutoCAD.mnu. 2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng c trong section ***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu on **XXXX tng ng vi tn thanh cng c Mi on m t thanh cng c bt u bng tn thanh cng c ***XXXX. Sau l cc dng nh sau : Dng u tin m t tng qut v thanh cng c. Cc dng tip theo m t cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c . C 3 loi nt lnh : Button, Flyout v Control. 2.1. Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c C php : TAG[Toolbar (tbarname,orient, visible, x, y, rows)] TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c Tbarname : tiu thanh cng c. t trong du nhy chui Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho mc ny l : _Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng). Visible : mc nh xut hin trn mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho mc ny l _show v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng) X,y : v tr xut hin mc nh trn mn hnh, tnh t mp trn tri khng gian v. Rows : s dng mc nh chua cc nt lnh Ch : Cc c im ca thanh cng c nh Orient, visible, x, y, rows s c lu li trong registry ca Window mi khi AUTOCAD ng li. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi tr trn registry, AUTOCAD mi s dng cc gi tr mc nh trong file menu. V d : **TB_Draw ID TbDraw [toolbar (Draw),_left, Show,0,0,1] 2.2. Dng m t loi nt lnh Button C php : 98

TAG [button (btnname, ID_Small, ID_Large)] macro TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c Btnname : tiu nt lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm ToolTip (dng ch ch thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tr c a n nm ti v tr biu tng nt lnh trn thanh cng c) ID_Small : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng nh (kch thc 16 x 15) to sn ca AUTOCAD (v d : ICON_16_Line). Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t to (kch thc 15x16) t trong cc th mc mc nh ca AUTOCAD. ID_Large : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c khi chn mc Large buttons trn hp thoi Toolbats. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch thc 24 x 22) to sn ca AUTOCAD. Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t to (kch thc 24 x 26) t trong cc th mc mc nh ca AUTOCAD. Nu kch thc khng phi l 24 x 22, AUTOCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny. Macro : menu macro, c c php tng t c php ca cc menu khc trong phn ny. V d : **TB_DRAW
ID_TbDraw [_Toolbar("Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)] ID_Line [_Button("Line", RCDATA_16_LINE, RCDATA_16_LINE)]^C^C_line ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line", RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]^C^C_xline ID_Pline [_Button("Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]^C^C_pline ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]^C^C_polygon ID_Rectang [_Button("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]^C^C_rectang ID_Arc [_Button("Arc", RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_ARC3PT)]^C^C_arc

2.3. Dng m t loi nt lnh Flyout. Flyout l mt loi nt lnh trn thanh cng c, khi chn s xut hin mt thanh cng c khc (c chc nng tng t nh SubMenu). V d, trn thanh cng c Standard c nt lnh Flyout zoom, khi ta chn s xut hin thanh cng c Zoom. C php : TAG [flyout (flyname,ID_Smaill,ID_Large, Icon, alias)] macro TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c Btnname : tiu nt lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm ToolTip (dng ch ch thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tr c a n nm ti v tr biu tng nt lnh trn thanh cng c) ID_small v ID_large ging nh mc trn. Icon : nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr sau : o OwnIcon : Hnh nh nt Flyout trn thanh cng c s khng thay i o OtherIcon : Hnh nh nt Flyout s thay i theo hnh nh ca nt va c chn Alias : Tn b danh ca thanh cng c gn vi nt flyout. Macro : tng t nh nt lnh button.
**TB_ZOOM ID_TbZoom [_Toolbar("Zoom", _Floating, _Hide, 100, 350, 1)] ID_ZoomWindo [_Button("Zoom Window", RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN)]'_zoom _w ID_ZoomDynam [_Button("Zoom Dynamic", RCDATA_16_ZOODYN, RCDATA_16_ZOODYN)]'_zoom _d ID_ZoomScale [_Button("Zoom Scale", RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA, RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA)]'_zoom _s ID_ZoomCente [_Button("Zoom Center", RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN, RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN)]'_zoom _c ID_ZoomObjec [_Button("Zoom Object", RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ, RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ)]'_zoom _o [--] ID_ZoomIn [_Button("Zoom In", RCDATA_16_ZOOIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOIN)]'_zoom 2x ID_ZoomOut [_Button("Zoom Out", RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT, RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT)]'_zoom .5x [--]

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ID_ZoomAll [_Button("Zoom All", RCDATA_16_ZOOALL, RCDATA_16_ZOOALL)]'_zoom _all ID_ZoomExten [_Button("Zoom Extents", RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT, RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT)]'_zoom _e
**TB_STANDARD ID_TbZoom [_Flyout("Zoom", RCDATA_16_ZOOM, RCDATA_16_ZOOM, _OtherIcon, AAUTOCAD.TB_ZOOM)]

2.4. Dong m t nt lnh Control. Nt lnh Control c dng mt danh sch xung. Ccc danh sch ny do AUTOCAD to sn. V d nh danh sch mu trn thanh cng c Object properties ca AUTOCAD. C php nh sau : TAG [_control (name)] TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c Name : Tn ca control do AUTOCAD to sn. Cc gi tr ca tham s ny nh sau : o _Color o _Dimstyle o _Layer o _LineType o LineWeight o UCSManager o _View o ViewportScale V d : (trch trong file aAutoCAD.mnu)
**TB_OBJECT_PROPERTIES ID_TbObjectP [_Toolbar("Properties", _Top, _Show, 2, 1, 1)] [_Control(_Color)] [--] [_Control(_Linetype)] [--] [_Control(_Lineweight)] [--] [_Control(_PlotStyle)]

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