1

%03 < onzorop oballs ollrv %03 < onzorop oba s o rv %54 - 03 onzorop obals %06 - 54 onzorop %06 - 54 onzorop %06 > onzorop ollrv %06 > onzorop o rv :P% amerp ,allt iitsonzorop anejjcO :P% amerp ,a t tsonzorop ane cO .)allt ezaf etsrv aotsug .)a t ezaf etsrv aotsug =pD ;aotsug anmulov = bD ;tsonzorop = P ej ejdg( .1:1 od 2:3 ej aroporkim i orkam sondo ijinjlovopjaN .)P %( tsonzorop anpuku = erop erop
001*]pD/bD- 1[=P

itnemele ikinaheM

eroP

.erop iillii ekiijjllpu .erop ek pu omavizan )azaf ativonilp( karz i )alt azaf a uket( adov ezallan es emok u allt atagerga hiinrutkurts adov eza an es emok u a t atagerga h nrutkurts onsondo atanemele hikinahem uemzi rotsorP

)orkam( enralliipaken ii )orkiim( enralliipaK )orkam( enra paken )ork m( enra paK

ALT TETIZOROP ALT TETIZOROP

anoz anejibz obalS anoz anejibz obalS anoz anejibZ anoz anejibZ jols ininarO jols ininarO

06.1 06.1 08.1 08.1 48.1 78.1 09.1 09.1

m c 0 0, 5 2 m c 0 0, 5 2

5,0 6,0 4,,0 5,,0 4050 3,,0 4,,0 3040 mm mm tetiizoroP tet zoroP
33

4,1 - 1,1 6,,1 - 3,,1 61-31 8,,1 - 5,,1 81-51 mgM mgM aotsug anmulloV aotsug anmu oV
3-

anilG aavollI aavo I kasejiiP kasej P arutskeT arutskeT

mc 05,22 mc 00,02 mc 05,71

34.1

allt tsonejiibz ii aotsug anmulloV a t tsonej bz aotsug anmu oV

.00,2 05,1 = pD amilt mintesert u m c g 9 , 2 4, 2 = ) p i l i ( p D alt iravt eksnagro ulejdu et ,allt uvatsas mokollareniim ii moksjjiimek o iisiivo et ,a t uvatsas moko aren m moks mek o s vo a j o k , a n e m u l o v i c i n i d e j o p al t e z a f e t s r v a s a m -

allt ezaf etsrv aotsuG a t ezaf etsrv aotsuG

3333-

. mgM ili m c g u e s a v a ar zi , alt goken anemulov i esam rejmo - alt aotsuG

ALT AOTSUG

33-

Dubina (cm)

Volumna gusto a

o iisiivo ajjok ,,anemullov iiciiniidejj u allt gohus asam o s vo a ok ane mu ov c n de u a t gohus asam -

mcg 0,,2 6,,1 0,,1 = )b iillii v ( bD mcg 0 2 6 1 0 1 = ) b v ( b D allt iitsonejjiibz rotakiidnii a t tsone bz rotak dn iitsonallv ,iirutsket ,iitsonzorop ,uvatsas moksjjiimek tsona v , rutsket , tsonzorop ,uvatsas moks mek

allt aotsug anmulloV a t aotsug anmu oV

- kavatsan - kavatsan -

mc 0 mc 0

3-

(gcm-3)

.elis ajnavolejd aknatserp nokan kilbo avadaz i ariledom es olt ,udov ujavardaz ad acitse hitsanilg tsonbosops ej alt tsonitsalP .ejneag i udarbo az alt ajnats gonlamitpo jletazakop ej itsonitsalp ejnats alt idarbo irP

adrvt ollrv adrvt o rv

adrvt adrvt

. alt tsoniitsallp ii tsoviijjllpejjll t s o n tsa p tsov p e ,,tsonejjiibz ,,ajjiicnerehok tsone b z a cne rehok :us e jicne tsiz nok ajnatS

avibord

alhar

..edov ajardas gotiiiillzar dejiillsu edov ajardas got zar dej su ejizehda i ejizehok alis mejnavolejd alt ajnats enejmorp ajllvatsderp alt ajicnetsiznoK enejmorp aj vatsderp alt ajicnetsiznoK

alt ajicnetsiznoK

ALT AJICNETSIZNOK

avinarh ajicneter avinarh ajicneter

ejllbodzar onus ej bodzar onus

karz

ollt onejiibz o t onej bz

adov

azaf atsrv atsrv

karz adov

azaf atsrv atsrv

alt adarbo alt adarbo

karz

azaf ativonilp azaf auket

modov modov onarirutas olt

edov ajicneter ajicartlifni tsonlibats

adov adov

azaf atsrv atsrv

azaf atsrv atsrv

ult u akarz i edov ajnats anetonvaR

alt arutskeT

SULKIC IKOLORDIH SULKIC IKOLORDIH

.ajjiizehda anrovogdo .a zehda anrovogdo ajols gokurtsovd ejnarimrof i alt ecitse zu ejnavizev ovohiijjn az ejj kod ,)elliis evonodnoL-sllaaW red naV ii ovoh n az e kod ,)e s evonodnoL-s aaW red naV ivotsom +H( edov elukelom uev ejizehok eliS +

.alt ezaf euket kalt ikstomso ii )elliis eksjjiicatiivarg ii ekiitatsordiih ,eksniirvop( )e s eks cat varg ek tatsord h ,eksn rvop( itsonalv ajiznet us alt ecitse zu uev udov ejok elliiS .adov anaputsiirpen ii anaputsiirp :ujjukiillzar es ap e S .adov anaputs rpen anaputs rp :u uk zar es ap ajnajavsu mokilirp avadalvs akajlib vatsus vonejirok ejjok amalliis miitiiiillzar anazev ullt u ejj adoV e ok ama s m t zar anazev u t u e adoV

01+ C 0 .pmet .sejm enejsorp 21 x mm enirobo enesejm = .dira skedni .sejM :ejicategev amicesejm op itsondira unejcorp az ii iitiinejjmiirp es eom iitsondiira skednI .onus ejj az t ne m rp es eom tsond ra skednI .onus e ejjurdop 02 do iijjnam iitsondiira skednii ejj okA e urdop 02 do nam tsond ra skedn e okA

: u -e n n o t r a M : u -e n n o t r a M e D o p i t s o n d i r a m o s k e d n i e j u z a k s i e s e e j a n edov iitsoviiollopsar anejjcorp aburG ..)morok iillii e d o v t s o v o o p s a r a n e c or p a b u r G ) m o r o k mollukiituk mollebed iineviirkerp usiin oka( amiinagro mo uk tuk mo eb ed nev rk erp us n oka ( am nagro m i g u r d m i v s i m o t si l i t a j a v s u u g o m e j a d m e r p , a l t zii movatsus miiksnejjrok ujjamiizu edov oiid iievjjan z m o v a t s u s m k s n e r o k u a m z u e d o v o d e v a n ekjjlliiB ..anav ontezuzii ejj aiib hiivii hiivs modov ek B anav ontezuz e a b h v h vs modov t s o n e j l b r k s p o a r b o d i " a t o v i j i d e m " e j a d o V

)01+C 0( pmet .dog anejsorp )mm( enirobo ejnidog enpuku= itsondira skednI

ULT U ADOV ULT U ADOV

adov anmezdoP adov anralipaK adov anzodaV ult u adoV alt anirvoP
anejirok anibuD

ecil ondoV

S a t u r i r a n a z o n a

( z o n a a e r a c i j e

N e s a t u r i r a n a z o n a

)mm u eralipak sujidar = r ,mm = h ej ejdg( r/51 = h ej onilbirp amaralliipak adov iitepop eom es ejjok od aniisiiV .)edov amara pak adov tepop eom es e ok od an s V .)edov ejjiigrene andobolls ajjnam( allt ullejjiid monallv ejjnam e grene andobo s a nam( a t u e d mona v e nam amerp )ajigrene andobols aev( gejinalv do itsonalv utnejidarg op eerk adov anralipak es ap lajicnetop iindov ujjujjnams allt aciitse elliis eksjjiizehdA ndov u u nams a t ac tse e s eks zehdA .)alt ativoksejp az aPk 01 a ,alt atsavollii-otsaniillg az arab 33,0 onsondo ,aPk 33( udov atsavo -otsan g az arab 33,0 onsondo ,aPk 33( az alt teticapak iksjlop oak es avaanzo ult moken u edov enralliipak aniiiilloK .edov oiid iijjiinavjjan ajjllvatsderp edov enra pak an oK .edov o d nav an a vatsderp i ejnajavsu az ej aviolopsaR .edov enmezdop moniizar "atrpudop" kap ejj iillii aralliipak eknejjiits mon zar "atrpudop" kap e ara pak ekne ts az anopan goksnirvop amalis ird es rej ijicativarg eejjiilldop en anO .allt aciitse alliis hiiksniirvop mejjacejjtu ee dop en anO .a t ac tse a s h ksn rvop me ace tu d o p a m a r o p u e s a v ardaz adov anralipaK

adov anmezdop ollT adov anmezdop o T

adov

anaribrosda

adov anralipak

adov andobols

azoiboreana

.akajlib ebertop az tsovitsiroksi ulam uniizejjn ejjutejjvu anejjiirok un ze n e ute vu ane rok enoz zii edov eksjjiicatiivarg enoz z edov eks cat varg ejjnacejjto ozrB .udov e nace to ozrB .udov az alt teticapak i ksjlop es avizan edov eksjicativarg ajjnacejjto nokan a nace to nokan ullt u egallv jjardaS u t u ega v ardaS .akajlib ajneug i ajnejirok ajicknuf ajnavizakto ,ezoiboreana od izalod )edov eksjjiicatiivarg ajjnavardaz geud dok( evallpop iillii )edov eks cat varg a navardaz geud dok( eva pop aniirobo hiiajj ujjaulls U .adov andobolls ii aviizan otse kiillbo an robo h a u au s U .adov andobo s av zan otse k bo javo es agot gobZ .ejicativarg mejnavolejd dop eejto i alt amarop minpurk u es avardaz adov aksjicativarG

irut sket o onsivo ult u edov ja r d a S

Fini pijesak Pjeskovita ilova a Prakasta Pra ilova a Glinasta ilova a

Tekstura

16.10 10.40 6.93 3.41 Hy

% vode na apsolutno suho tlo

20.6 12.7 7.2 3.7 Tv

30.4 24.0 15.5 PKv 7.6

11.3 FAv 8.3 2.9

9.8

ekjlib az edov enaputsirp ekal acinarg ajnod - akot anralipakotneL )vN( vT vKP = vAF )vN( vT vKP = vAF )vAF( ult u adov anvitka ikoloiziF )vAF( ult u adov anvitka ikoloiziF .ullt u edov enaputsiirp .u t u edov enaputs rp ujlib acinarg ajnod - )vT( aunevu akoT ,ult u edov enaputsirp amakjlib acinarg ajnrog -)vKP( udov az alt teticapak iksjloP

)vKM( udov az allt tetiicapak iinllamiiskaM )vKM( udov az a t tet capak n am skaM

ETNATSNOK EKOLODEPORDIH

..iitiinejjiicorp t ne corp onuptop ugom oket es iijjok )..dtii amullos tsonegomoh onuptop ugom oket es ok ) dt amu os tsonegomoh ,,edov enmezdop aniizar ,,biigan ,,jjolls iinsuporpen ,,tsonejjiibz edov enmezdop an zar b gan o s nsuporpen tsone bz ,alt arutsket ujuerdo edov ujicneter agotS .)alajicnetop gejinvitagen alt ujurdop ak )gonvitagen ejnam ili( gejinvitizop ajurdop zii eerk adov es mok amerp itsonalv alajicnetop tnejidarg z eerk adov es mok amerp iinii allt ekot ejjiivd uemzii egallv ujjardas u akiillzaR n a t ekot e vd uemz ega v u ardas u ak zaR

.edov ts oviolopsar az anduserp avd avrp us hijok do )g ( allajjiicnetop goksjjiicatiivarg ii )np ( gokstamuenp do ) ( a a cnetop goks cat varg ) ( gokstamuenp ,)p ( gokstatsordih ,)o ( gokstomso ,)p ( skiirtam ejj amus )tt ( allt edov llajjiicnetop iinpukU .adov sk rtam e amus ) ( a t edov a cnetop npukU .adov aksjjiicatiivarg ii anralliipak ,anpoksorgiih iitnatnezerper aks cat varg anra pak ,anpoksorg h tnatnezerper us iji vatsus naimanid edov sutats ej rej melborp neolls ollrv ejj edov iitsoviiollopsar ejjnaviirvtU neo s o rv e edov tsov o opsar e nav rvtU

0 0 0 0 0 2- o d 0 0 0 0 1- 0 0 0 0 0 2- o d 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 3- o d 0 0 5 1- 0 0 5 1- o d 0 0 20 0 0 3- o d 0 0 5 1- 0 0 5 1- o d 0 0 20 0 0 2- o d 0 0 0 1- 0 0 0 1- o d 0 10 0 0 2- o d 0 0 0 1- 0 0 0 1- o d 0 1ekjlib elunevU ekjlib entnecsegruT

aunevu aunevu akoT vK vK ili vkP
2. 23 1. 1.

arefsomtA tsiiL ts L ollT oT

arefsomta-akjjlliib-ollt uvatsus u edov llajjiicnetoP arefsomta-ak b-o t uvatsus u edov a cnetoP

adov anpoksorgiih adov anpoksorg h adov akstomso adov anralipak adov aksjjiicatiivarg adov aks cat varg

)mtta 01 789..0 = rab 01 = aP 01 = gk J ; gk J u( )m a 01 789 0 = rab 01 = aP 01 = gk J ; gk J u(

tetizoroP tetizoroP

051> 051> 051 - 51 051 - 51 3.0 - 0 3.0 - 0 arefsomta

2..5> 2 5> 2.5 - 2.4 2.4 - 5.2 5..2 - 0 52-0 Fp

000,,051> 000 051> 000,051 - 000,51 000,51 - 003 003 - 0 003 - 0 mc u PDD

ETNATSNOK EKOLODEPORDIH ETNATSNOK EKOLODEPORDIH

allt zii edov akiillbo hiitiiiillzar ejjnajjavsu az anbertop alliiS a t z edov ak bo h t zar e na avsu az anbertop a S

.udov unpoksorgiih oviiujjllksii iirdas ollt mejjok .udov unpoksorg h ov u ks rdas o t me ok u ujjnats oniillbiirp aravogdo ii aunevu gonjjart akot u u nats on b rp aravogdo aunevu gon art akot es aviizan ullt u egallv ejjnats oT .edov mejjnavadod es av zan u t u ega v e nats oT .edov me navadod tovi u ititarvop eiv ugom en es ad okilot ejj akajjlliib eunevu agot nokan a ,iitiitsiirok moropan e aka b eunevu agot nokan a , t ts rok moropan mikilev s ugom ekjlib ujok edov uniilok unsejvzi iirdas ojj ollt ,miitueM .utsrv unjjlliib unaviitiipsii az allt rdas o o t ,m tueM .utsrv un b unav t ps az a t aunevu akot oak ianzo i modotem moksjirotarobal moken ullt u edov jjardas es iidrvtu ,ajjnejjnev akteop moken u t u edov ardas es drvtu ,a ne nev akteop uktunert U .univodalh u usonerp es eno a ,adikerp es ejjnavejjiillaz ,ujjiivzar orbod ekjjlliib es daK es e nave az ,u vzar orbod ek b es daK .amadusop u akajjlliib ujjogzu an iijjllemet es ajjok akajjlliib .amadusop u aka b u ogzu an emet es a ok aka b aunevu modotem itiderdo ugom )avrezer avtrm( ult u adov anazev iiksjjiimek ii anpoksorgiih es agotS .)2,4 u adov anazev ks mek anpoksorg h es agotS .)2,4 Fp( aPM 5,1 od molis udov itajavsu ugom ekjliB

.ejnajavsu az avi olopsar ejjiin ii allt evejjops eksjjiimek enariiziitardiih etiiiillzar e n a t eve ops eks mek enar z tard h et zar u aneargu es izalan adov anazev iksjimeK .edov enpoksorgiih eiiv ejj evs .edov enpoksorg h e v e evs ,aciitse hiivogejjn mejjnaviijjnams ii allt adiiollok ajjardas ,ac tse h voge n me nav nams a t ad o ok a ardas motsarop s ,elkaD .acitse iniilev anlanoicroporp otunrbo a ,ijickarf jondiolok jovogejn anlanoicroporp ejj onvarpu ullt moken u edov enpoksorgiih aniiiilloK e onvarpu u t moken u edov enpoksorg h an oK .naputsoden onuptop ej amakjjlliib ii C0501 an mejjneus es ejjuerdo edov kiillbo amak b C 501 an me neus es e uerdo edov k bo jjavO .arab 0001 eiitsod ajjok mogans allt eciitse az avO .arab 0001 e tsod a ok mogans a t ec tse az ird es ano i edov alukelom 02-51 unijlbed ezalerp en enpo eji edov enralipak oid ej adov anpoksorgiH

visoka koncentracija otopine niska koncentracija otopine difuzija

.akaltdop mta 58,0 od 08,0 anravts a od 08,0 anravts a ,mta 1 od ejj ajjnerejjm ,mta 1 od e a nere m tsonugom aksteroeT .morefsomta .morefsomta s iibderopsu u muukav s bderopsu u muukav inlajicrap ejuerdo es mortemoiizneT mortemo zneT