SEMINAR

WORK

DEPARTMENT OF FIELD CROPS (RATARSKI ODSEK)

Theme: PEANUT

PROFESSOR:
Djordjevic Danijela 2010/11

STUDENT:
Radulovic Dragisa

CONTENT

1. THE WORLD OF PEANUTS....1 2. GROWING CONDITIONS AND MORPHOLOGY... 1 3. HARVEST..... 2 4. USE OF PEANUT... 2

SADRZAJ

1. SVET KIKIRIKIJA3 2. USLOVI USPEVANJA I MORFOLOGIJA.3 3. ZETVA.4 4. KORISCENJE KIKIRIKIJA..4

1. THE WORLD OF PEANUTS

Most peanuts grow in the warm areas of Asia,Africa,North and South America and Australia. Major peanut-growing countries include China,India,the United States,Nigeria,Senegal,Argentina,and Indonesia. Every year,farmers in more than 100 countries harvest about 32 milion tons(29 milion t) total of peanut pods. Peanuts are high in protein and energy. Pound for pound,they contain more protein than meat and more food energy than sugar. Peanuts also have 13 vitamins and minerals. Millions of people call the peanuts their favorite nut, but the peanuts isnt a nut. Its part of the legume family,like peas and beans. Legumes have pods,or shells containing seeds. But the peanuts differs from its pea and bean cousins in a major way-its pods grow underground. For that reason,the peanuts is called a groundnut in many part of the world. Growers around the globe often call true nuts,such as walnuts,tree nuts to differentlate them from peanuts.

2.GROWING CONDITIONS AND MORPHOLOGY

Peanuts need a long,warm growing season and moderate rain. They grow best in loose,sandy soil. The seeds grow into plants about 18 inches(46 cm) tall with fuzzy stems and small oval leaves. The plants golden-yellow flowers look like tiny butterflies and bloom near the bottom of the stems. The flowers pollinate themselves. As the flowers wilt,their bases grow toward the ground. No other plant does this. Each downward-growing stalk is called a peg. The pegs pointed tip pokes into the ground,turns sideways,and grows into a peanut pod. Each plant produces 40 or more pods,with two to six seeds,or peanuts,in each shell.

3.HARVEST

Many farmers harvest peanuts with machines. First,the plants are pulled from the ground and turned upside down so the sun can dry the pods. A few days latter,a large harvesting machine called a combine pulls the pods from the plants and dumps them into special drying wagons. Some farmers and gardeners do these same operations by hand.

4.USE OF PEANUT

From their original home in South America,peanut have traveled across the ocean and back again to become one-of the worlds most popular foods. Theyre munched as snacks and stirred into main dishes and sweets. Peanut buter is a favorite of young and old alike. Cooks prize peanut oil around the globe. Not only are peanuts tasty,but theyre powerhouses of nutrition.

1.SVET KIKIRIKIJA

Vecina kikirikija raste u toplim oblastima Azije,Afrike,Severne i Juzne Amerike i Australije. Glavne zemlje u kojima raste kikiriki ukljucuju Kinu,Indiju,Sjedinjene Americke Drzave,Nigeriju,Senegal,Argentinu,i Indoneziju. Svake godine,farmeri u vise od 100 zemalja poznju oko 32 miliona tona(29 miliona t)ukupno mahuna kikirikija. Kikiriki sadrzi puno proteina i energije. Bilo kako bilo,oni sadrze vise proteina od mesa i vise hranjive energije od secera. Kikiriki takodje sadrzi 13 vitamina i minerala. Milioni ljudi nazivaju kikiriki njihovom omiljenom vrstom oraha,ali kikiriki nije vrsta oraha,on je deo familije leguminoza,kao grasak i pasulj. Leguminoze imaju mahunu,ili ljusku u kojoj se nalazi seme. Ali kikiriki se razlikuje od svojih rodjaka graska i pasulja uglavnom sto njegove mahune rastu pod zemljom. Zbog toga,kikiriki zovu zemljani orah u mnogim delovima sveta. Uzgaivaci sirom sveta kasnije su ga prozvali pravi orah,kao orah(plod),orahovo drvo, pa sve do kikiriki.

2.USLOVI USPEVANJA I MORFOLOGIJA

Kikirikiju je potreban dugi topli vegetacioni peroiod i umerena kisa. Rastu najbolje u rastresitom,peskovitom zemljistu.Seme izrasta u biljku od oko 18 inci (46cm)sa stablom i malim ovalnim listovima. Biljka ima zlatno-zute listove koji lice na male leptirice i cveta na dnu stabla. Cvetovi se sami oprasuju. Kada cvetovi uvenu,njihove osnove rastu ka zemlji. Nijedna druga biljka ovo ne moze. Svaka nadole-rastuca stabljika se zove klin. Klin je siljak koji se ubode u zemlju,okrene na stranu,i izrasta u mahunu kikirikija. Svaka biljka proizvede 40 ili vise mahuna,sa 2 do 5 semena ili kikirikija, u svakoj ljusci.

3.ZETVA
Mnogi farmeri znju kikiriki sa masinama. Prvo,biljke se izvade iz zemlje i prevrnu tako da sunce isusuje mahune. Nekoliko dana kasnije,velika zetelacka masina koja se zove kombajn uvlaci mahune sa biljke i prebacuje ih u specijalni vagon za susenje. Neki farmeri i bastovani rade ovakve stvari rucno.

4.KORISCENJE KIKIRIKIJA

Iz njegove postojbine Juzne Amerike kikiriki je donesen preko okeana i nazad,da bi postao jedna od omiljenih hrana na svetu. Koristi se kao grickalice,glavno jelo i poslastice. Puter od kikirikija je jednako omiljen kod mladih kao i kod starijih. Kuvari sirom sveta koriste ulje od kikirikija. Ne samo da je jako ukusan vec je i elektrana ishrane.

SUMMARY(REZIME):

Peanut growing warm in all areas worldwide. Belongs to the legumes family. It differs from its cousin by pod over what grows in the ground. Grow best on loose and sandy soil. Peanut harves be machine and hand. Peanut products are favorite worldwide.

DICTIONARY(RECNIK):
POD-MAHUNA LAGUMINOSE FAMILY-FAMILIJA LEGUMINOZA SEEDS-SEME STEM-STABLO MODERATE RAIN-UMERENA KISA SANDY SOIL-PESKOVITO ZEMLJISTE LOOSE-RASTRESITO POLLINATE-OPRASIVANJE SHELL-LJUSKA HARVEST-ZETVA DRY-SUSAN,SUSITI WILT-UVENUTI WARM-TOPAO NUT-ORAH WALNUTS-ORAH(PLOD) BEANS-PASULJ PEAS-GRASAK

LITERATURE(LITERATURA): http://books.google.com/books?id=XhQ2zKPWZcsC&pr intsec=frontcover&dq=peanuts&hl=sr&ei=tGTJTZuhG8 3m-gb08DYBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ve d=0CEIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false