FORMULAE AND TABLES

for
EXAMINATIONS
of
THE FACULTY OF ACTUARIES
and
THE INSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES

2002

FORMULAE AND TABLES

for
EXAMINATIONS
of
THE FACULTY OF ACTUARIES
and
THE INSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES

2002

This Edition 2002

The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form, whether by publication,
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copyright.
Acknowledgments:
The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries would like to thank the following
people who have helped in the preparation of this material:
D Hopkins
M Z Khorasanee
W F Scott
The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries is licensed by FTSE International
(FTSE) to publish the FTSE 100 indices. All information is provided for information
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The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries gratefully acknowledge the
permission of CRC Press to reproduce the diagram on page 20 adapted from the publication
CRC Standard Probability and Statistics Tables and Formulae edited by Stephen Kokoska.
The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries acknowledge the permission to
reproduce English Life Tables No. 15 (Males and Females). Crown Copyright material is
reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queens printer for
Scotland.
The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries gratefully acknowledge the
permission of Lindley & Scott New Cambridge Statistical Tables, 2nd Edition, 1995, Tables
4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d Cambridge University Press.

ISBN 0 901066 57 5

PREFACE
This new edition of the Formulae and Tables represents a considerable overhaul
of its predecessor green book first published in 1980.
The contents have been updated to reflect more fully the evolving syllabus
requirements of the profession, and also in the case of the Tables to reflect more
contemporary experience and methods. Correspondingly, there has been some
modest removal of material which has either become redundant with syllabus
changes or obviated by the availability of pocket calculators.
As in the predecessor book, it is important to note that these tables have been
produced for the sole use of examination candidates. The profession does not
express any opinion whatsoever as to the circumstances in which any of the
tables may be suitable for other uses.

FORMULAE
This section is intended to help candidates with formulae that may be hard to
remember. Derivations of these formulae may still be required under the
relevant syllabuses.
Contents

Page

Mathematical Methods
Statistical Distributions
Statistical Methods
Compound Interest
Survival Models
Annuities and Assurances
Stochastic Processes
Time Series
Economic Models
Financial Derivatives

2
6
22
31
32
36
38
40
43
45

Note. In these tables, log denotes logarithms to base e.

MATHEMATICAL METHODS

1.1

SERIES
Exponential function
x 2 x3
exp( x) = e = 1 + x +
+
+L
2! 3!
x

Natural log function

x 2 x3
log(1 + x) = ln(1 + x) = x +
- L ( -1 < x 1 )
2
3

Binomial expansion
n
n
(a + b) n = a n + a n -1b + a n - 2b 2 + L + b n
1
2

where n is a positive integer

(1 + x) p = 1 + px +

p ( p - 1) 2 p ( p - 1)( p - 2) 3
x +
x +L
2!
3!
( -1 < x < 1)

1.2

CALCULUS
Taylor series (one variable)
h2
f ( x + h) = f ( x) + hf ( x) +
f ( x) + L
2!

Taylor series (two variables)

f ( x + h, y + k ) = f ( x, y ) + h f x( x, y ) + k f y ( x, y )
+

1 2
h f xx
( x, y ) + 2hk f xy
( x, y ) + k 2 f yy
( x, y ) + L
2!

Integration by parts
dv

du

a u dx dx = [uv]a - a v dx dx
Double integrals (changing the order of integration)
b

a a
b

b
b
f ( x, y ) dy dx = f ( x, y )dx dy or

a y
x

dx dy f ( x, y ) = dy dx f ( x, y )

The domain of integration here is the set of values ( x, y ) for which

a y x b.
Differentiating an integral
b( y )

d
f ( x, y )dx = b ( y ) f [b( y ), y ] - a ( y ) f [a ( y ), y ]
dy a (y )
b( y )

f ( x, y )dx

y
a( y)

1.3

SOLVING EQUATIONS
Newton-Raphson method
If x is a sufficiently good approximation to a root of the equation
f ( x) = 0 then (provided convergence occurs) a better approximation
is
x* = x -

f ( x)
.
f ( x)

Integrating factors
The integrating factor for solving the differential equation
dy
+ P ( x) y = Q ( x) is:
dx
exp

( P( x)dx)

Second-order difference equations

The general solution of the difference equation
axn + 2 + bxn +1 + cxn = 0 is:
if b 2 - 4ac > 0 : xn = Al1n + Bl n2
(distinct real roots, l1 l 2 )
if b 2 - 4ac = 0 : xn = ( A + Bn)l n
(equal real roots, l1 = l 2 = l )
if b 2 - 4ac < 0 : xn = r n ( A cos nq + B sin nq)
(complex roots, l1 = l 2 = reiq )
where l1 and l 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
al 2 + bl + c = 0 .

1.4

GAMMA FUNCTION
Definition

G ( x) = t x -1e -t dt , x > 0
0

Properties
G ( x) = ( x - 1)G ( x - 1)
G (n) = (n - 1)! , n = 1,2,3,K
G () = p

1.5

BAYES FORMULA
Let A1, A2 , ..., An be a collection of mutually exclusive and exhaustive
events with P( Ai ) 0, i = 1, 2, , n.
For any event B such that P(B) 0:
P( Ai | B ) =

P ( B | Ai ) P ( Ai )

, i = 1, 2, ..., n.

P( B | A j ) P ( A j )
j =1

STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS
Notation
PF
PDF
DF
PGF
MGF

= Probability function, p ( x)
= Probability density function, f ( x)
= Distribution function, F ( x)
= Probability generating function, G ( s )
= Moment generating function, M (t )

Note. Where formulae have been omitted below, this indicates that
(a) there is no simple formula or (b) the function does not have a
finite value or (c) the function equals zero.
2.1

DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS
Binomial distribution
Parameters:

n , p ( n = positive integer, 0 < p < 1 with q = 1 - p )

PF:

n
p ( x) = p x q n - x , x = 0,1, 2,K, n
x

DF:

The distribution function is tabulated in the statistical

tables section.

PGF:

G ( s ) = (q + ps ) n

MGF:

M (t ) = (q + pet )n

Moments:

E ( X ) = np , var( X ) = npq

Coefficient
of skewness:

q- p
npq

Bernoulli distribution
The Bernoulli distribution is the same as the binomial distribution
with parameter n = 1 .
Poisson distribution
Parameter:

m (m > 0)

PF:

p ( x) =

DF:

The distribution function is tabulated in the statistical

tables section.

PGF:

G ( s ) = em ( s -1)

MGF:

M (t ) = e m ( e

Moments:

E ( X ) = m , var( X ) = m

e -m m x
, x = 0,1, 2,...
x!

-1)

Coefficient
of skewness:

1
m

Negative binomial distribution Type 1

Parameters:

k , p ( k = positive integer, 0 < p < 1 with q = 1 - p )

PF:

x - 1 k x - k
, x = k , k + 1, k + 2,K
p ( x) =
p q
k - 1

PGF:

ps
G (s) =
1 - qs

MGF:

pet
M (t ) =

1 - qet

Moments:

E( X ) =

Coefficient
of skewness:

2- p
kq

k
kq
, var( X ) = 2
p
p

Negative binomial distribution Type 2

Parameters:

k , p ( k > 0 , 0 < p < 1 with q = 1 - p )

PF:

p ( x) =

PGF:

p
G (s) =
1 - qs

MGF:

p
M (t ) =

1 - qet

Moments:

E( X ) =

G (k + x)
p k q x , x = 0,1, 2,K
G ( x + 1)G (k )
k

kq
kq
, var( X ) = 2
p
p

Coefficient
of skewness:

2- p
kq

Geometric distribution
The geometric distribution is the same as the negative binomial
distribution with parameter k = 1.

Uniform distribution (discrete)

Parameters: a , b , h ( a < b , h > 0 , b - a is a multiple of h )

2.2

h
, x = a, a + h, a + 2h,K, b - h, b
b-a+h

PF:

p ( x) =

PGF:

sb + h - s a
h
G (s) =
b - a + h s h - 1

MGF:

M (t ) =

Moments:

1
1
E ( X ) = (a + b) , var( X ) = (b - a )(b - a + 2h)
2
12

e(b + h)t - eat

h
b - a + h eht - 1

CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS
Standard normal distribution N (0,1)
Parameters: none
PDF:

1 - 12 x 2
f ( x) =
e
, - < x <
2p

DF:

The distribution function is tabulated in the statistical

tables section.

MGF:

M (t ) = e 2

Moments:

E ( X ) = 0 , var( X ) = 1

1t2

E( X r ) =

10

1
2

r 2

G (1 + r )
, r = 2,4,6,K
r
G 1 +
2

Normal (Gaussian) distribution N (m, s 2 )

Parameters:

m , s2 ( s > 0 )

PDF:

1 x - m 2
1
f ( x) =
exp -
, - < x <

s
2
s 2p

m t + 12 s 2t 2

MGF:

M (t ) = e

Moments:

E ( X ) = m , var( X ) = s 2

Exponential distribution
Parameter:

l (l > 0)

PDF:

f ( x) = le -lx , x > 0

DF:

F ( x) = 1 - e -lx

MGF:

M (t ) = 1 -
l

Moments:

E( X ) =

-1

, t<l

1
1
, var( X ) = 2
l
l

E( X r ) =

G (1 + r )
lr

, r = 1, 2,3,K

Coefficient
of skewness: 2

11

Gamma distribution
Parameters:

a , l (a > 0, l > 0)

PDF:

l a a-1 -lx
f ( x) =
x e , x>0
G (a )

DF:

When 2a is an integer, probabilities for the gamma

distribution can be found using the relationship:
2lX ~ c 22a

MGF:

M (t ) = 1 -
l

Moments:

E( X ) =

-a

, t<l

a
a
, var( X ) = 2
l
l

E( X r ) =

G (a + r )
G (a ) l r

, r = 1, 2,3,K

Coefficient
of skewness:

2
a

Chi-square distribution c 2u
The chi-square distribution with u degrees of freedom is the same as
u
1
the gamma distribution with parameters a = and l = .
2
2
The distribution function for the chi-square distribution is tabulated in
the statistical tables section.

12

Uniform distribution (continuous) U(a, b)

Parameters:

a, b ( a < b )

PDF:

f ( x) =

1
, a< x<b
b-a

DF:

F ( x) =

x-a
b-a

MGF:

M (t ) =

1 1 bt
(e - eat )
(b - a ) t

Moments:

1
1
E ( X ) = (a + b) , var( X ) = (b - a )2
2
12
E( X r ) =

1
1
(b r +1 - a r +1) , r = 1, 2,3,K
(b - a ) r + 1

Beta distribution
Parameters:

a , b (a > 0, b > 0)

PDF:

f ( x) =

Moments:

E( X ) =

G (a + b) a-1
x (1 - x)b-1 , 0 < x < 1
G (a)G (b)
a
ab
, var( X ) =
a +b
(a + b) 2 (a + b + 1)

E( X r ) =

G (a + b) G (a + r )
, r = 1, 2,3,K
G (a ) G (a + b + r )

Coefficient
of skewness:

2(b - a) a + b + 1
(a + b + 2)
ab

13

Lognormal distribution
Parameters:

m , s2 ( s > 0 )

PDF:

1 log x - m 2
1 1
exp -
f ( x) =
, x > 0

2
s
s 2p x

Moments:

E( X ) = e
r

m+ 12 s 2

E( X ) = e

Coefficient
2
of skewness: es + 2

2
2
, var( X ) = e2m+s es - 1

r m+ 12 r 2 s 2

, r = 1, 2,3,K

es - 1

Pareto distribution (two parameter version)

Parameters:

a , l (a > 0, l > 0)

al a

PDF:

f ( x) =

DF:

l
F ( x) = 1 -
l + x

Moments:

E( X ) =

(l + x)a+1

, x>0
a

al 2
l
(a > 1) , var( X ) =
(a > 2)
2
a -1
(a - 1) (a - 2)

E( X r ) =

G (a - r )G (1 + r ) r
l , r = 1, 2,3,K , r < a
G (a )

Coefficient
of skewness:

14

2(a + 1) a - 2
(a > 3)
(a - 3)
a

Pareto distribution (three parameter version)

Parameters: a , l , k ( a > 0 , l > 0 , k > 0 )
G (a + k )l a x k -1

PDF:

f ( x) =

Moments:

kl
k (k + a - 1)l 2
( a > 1 ), var( X ) =
(a > 2)
E( X ) =
a -1
(a - 1) 2 (a - 2)

G (a)G (k )(l + x)a+ k

E( X r ) =

, x>0

G (a - r ) G ( k + r ) r
l , r = 1, 2,3,K , r < a
G (a ) G ( k )

Weibull distribution
Parameters: c , g ( c > 0 , g > 0 )
g

PDF:

f ( x) = c g x g -1e - cx , x > 0

DF:

F ( x) = 1 - e - cx

Moments:

r 1
E ( X r ) = G 1 + r g , r = 1, 2,3,K
gc

Burr distribution
Parameters: a , l , g ( a > 0 , l > 0 , g > 0 )
ag l a x g -1

PDF:

f ( x) =

DF:

l
F ( x) = 1 -
l + x g

Moments:

r r lr g
E ( X ) = G a - G 1 +
, r = 1, 2,3,K , r < ag

g g G (a )

(l + x g )a+1

, x>0
a

15

2.3

COMPOUND DISTRIBUTIONS
Conditional expectation and variance
E (Y ) = E[ E (Y | X )]

var(Y ) = var[ E (Y | X )] + E[var(Y | X )]

Moments of a compound distribution

If X1, X 2 ,K are IID random variables with MGF M X (t ) and N is
an independent nonnegative integer-valued random variable, then
S = X1 + L + X N (with S = 0 when N = 0 ) has the following
properties:
Mean:

E (S ) = E ( N )E ( X )

Variance:

var( S ) = E ( N ) var( X ) + var( N )[ E ( X )]2

MGF:

M S (t ) = M N [log M X (t )]

Compound Poisson distribution

Mean:

lm1

Variance:

lm2

Third central moment:

lm3

where l = E ( N ) and mr = E ( X r )

16

Recursive formulae for integer-valued distributions

(a, b,0) class of distributions

Let g r = P( S = r ) , r = 0,1,2,K and f j = P( X = j ) , j = 1,2,3,K .

b

If pr = P ( N = r ) , where pr = a + pr -1 , r = 1, 2,3,K , then

r
g 0 = p0 and g r =

a +
j =1

bj
f j g r - j , r = 1, 2,3,K
r

Compound Poisson distribution

If N has a Poisson distribution with mean l , then a = 0 and b = l ,
and
g0 = e

-l

l r
and g r = j f j g r - j , r = 1, 2,3,K
r j =1

17

2.4

TRUNCATED MOMENTS
Normal distribution
If f ( x) is the PDF of the N (m, s 2 ) distribution, then
U

x f ( x)dx = m [F(U ) - F( L )] - s [f(U ) - f( L )]

where L =

L-m
U -m
and U =
.
s
s

Lognormal distribution
If f ( x) is the PDF of the lognormal distribution with parameters m
and s 2 , then

U k
x
L

where Lk =

18

f ( x)dx = ek m+ k

2 2

[F(U k ) - F( Lk )]

log L - m
log U - m
- k s and U k =
- ks .
s
s

19

20

X +k

X -k

Type 1 Type 2

Geometric
p

min X i

Bernoulli
p

Neg.Binomial
k, p

kq
m=
p
k

Poisson
m

m = np
n

Binomial
n, p

S X i (same p)

Uniform
a, b, h

X +k

S X i Type 1 Type 2
(same p )
X -k

k =1

SXi

SXi
(same p )

n =1

DISCRETE

Normal
m, s

log X

ab

m=

a
a +b

S (ai + bi X i )

eX

h0

X -a
b-a
Uniform
a, b

Uniform
0, 1

a = b =1

Beta
a, b

a ,

(a + b ) 2 (a + b + 1)

SXi
(same p )

s =

s2 = m
m

s 2 = np(1 - p)

m = np

SXi

SXi
(same l )

a =1

X2
F
n1, n2

min X i

Exponential
l

l =

n1 X , n 2

X1 n1
X 2 n2

t
n

n2
n1

g =1

X1 g

l=

k = 12 n1

a = 12 n 2

CONTINUOUS

n=2

1
ln X
l

Gamma
a, l

2l X

Chi-square
n

X1
X1 + X 2

1
2

a + (b - a ) X

l =1

l=

Normal
0, 1

S Xi2

a = 12 n

m +sX

X -m
s

SXi
(same l )

Lognormal
m, s

P ai Xi

bi

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

Weibull
c, g

Pareto
a , l, k

k =1

X1 g
Pareto
a, l

Burr
a , l, g

g =1

21

For example, the arrow marked m = np , n connecting the binomial distribution to the Poisson distribution means:
For large values of n , the binomial distribution with parameters n and p will approximate to the Poisson distribution with parameter m ,
where m = np .

Limiting cases (indicated by dotted lines)

Similarly, P X i and min X i denote the product and the minimum of a fixed set of independent random variables. Where a sum or product
includes ai or bi , these denote arbitrary constants.

For example, the arrow marked S X i (same p ) connecting the binomial distribution to itself means:
The sum of a fixed number of independent random variables, each having a binomial distribution with the same value for the parameter
p , also has a binomial distribution.

Sums, products and minimum values

Note that the parameters of the transformed distributions may differ from those of the basic distributions shown.

Transformations
For example, the arrow marked e X connecting the normal distribution to the lognormal distribution means:
If X has a normal distribution, the function e X will have a lognormal distribution.

For example, the arrow marked n = 1 connecting the binomial distribution to the Bernoulli distribution means:
In the special case where n = 1 , the binomial distribution is equivalent to a Bernoulli distribution.

Special cases

The distribution diagram shows the main interrelationships between the distributions in the statistics section. The relationships shown are of four
types:

EXPLANATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM

STATISTICAL METHODS

3.1

SAMPLE MEAN AND VARIANCE

The random sample ( x1, x2 ,K, xn ) has the following sample
moments:
Sample mean:

1 n
x = xi
n i =1

1 n 2
2
Sample variance: s =
xi - nx
n - 1 i =1

3.2

PARAMETRIC INFERENCE (NORMAL MODEL)

One sample
For a single sample of size n under the normal model X ~ N (m, s 2 ) :
(n - 1) S 2
X -m
~ c n2 -1
~ tn -1 and
2
S n
s

Two samples
For two independent samples of sizes m and n under the normal
models X ~ N (m X , s 2X ) and Y ~ N (mY , sY2 ) :
S X2 s 2X
SY2 sY2

22

~ Fm -1, n -1

Under the additional assumption that s 2X = sY2 :

( X - Y ) - (m X - mY )
~ tm + n - 2
1 1
Sp
+
m n

where S 2p =
variance.
3.3

1
(m - 1) S X2 + (n - 1) SY2 is the pooled sample
m+n-2

MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS

Asymptotic distribution
If q is the maximum likelihood estimator of a parameter q based on
a sample X , then q is asymptotically normally distributed with mean
q and variance equal to the Cramr-Rao lower bound
CRLB (q) = -1

E 2 log L(q, X )
q

Likelihood ratio test

max L
H0
~ c 2 approximately (under H )
-2(l p - l p + q ) = -2log
q
0
max L
H 0 H1

where l p = max log L

H0

is the maximum log-likelihood for the

model under H 0 (in which there are
p free parameters)

and

l p + q = max log L
H 0 H1

is the maximum log-likelihood for the

model under H 0 H1 (in which there
are p + q free parameters).

23

3.4

LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL WITH NORMAL ERRORS

Model
Yi ~ N (a + bxi , s 2 ) , i = 1, 2,K, n

Intermediate calculations
n

s xx = ( xi - x ) = xi2 - nx 2
2

i =1

i =1

s yy = ( yi - y ) = yi2 - ny 2
2

i =1

i =1

i =1

i =1

s xy = ( xi - x )( yi - y ) = xi yi - n x y

Parameter estimates
s xy
a = y - b x , b =
s xx
2
s xy
1 n
1
2
s =
( yi - yi ) = n - 2 s yy - s
n - 2 i =1
xx

Distribution of b
b - b
2

s s xx

24

~ tn - 2

Variance of predicted mean response

1 ( x0 - x )2 2

var(a + bx0 ) = +
s
s xx
n

An additional s 2 must be added to obtain the variance of the

predicted individual response.
Testing the correlation coefficient
r=

s xy
s xx s yy

If r = 0 , then

r n-2
1- r

~ tn - 2 .

Fisher Z transformation
1

zr ~ N zr ,
approximately
n - 3
1 + r
1 + r
and zr = tanh -1 r = 12 log
.
where zr = tanh -1 r = 12 log

1 - r
1 - r

Sum of squares relationship

n

i =1

i =1

i =1

( yi - y )2 = ( yi - yi )2 + ( yi - y )2

25

3.5

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Single factor normal model
Yij ~ N (m + ti , s 2 ) , i = 1, 2,K, k , j = 1,2,K, ni
k

where n = ni , with
i =1

ni ti = 0
i =1

Intermediate calculations (sums of squares)

k ni

k ni

SST = ( yij - ygg ) =

Total:

i =1 j =1

i =1 j =1
k 2
yi g

yij2

ygg2
n

ygg2
Between treatments: SS B = ni ( yi g - ygg ) =
n
n
i
i =1
i =1
k

SS R = SST - SS B

Residual:
Variance estimate
s 2 =

SS R
n-k

Statistical test
Under the appropriate null hypothesis:
SS B SS R
~ Fk -1,n - k
k -1 n - k

26

3.6

GENERALISED LINEAR MODELS

Exponential family
For a random variable Y from the exponential family, with natural
parameter q and scale parameter f :
Probability (density) function:
Mean:

E (Y ) = b (q)

Variance:

var(Y ) = a(f)b (q)

yq - b(q)

fY ( y; q, f) = exp
+ c ( y , f)
a ( f)

Canonical link functions

m
1- m

Binomial:

g (m ) = log

Poisson:

g (m ) = log m

Normal:

g (m ) = m

Gamma:

g (m ) =

1
m

27

3.7

BAYESIAN METHODS
Relationship between posterior and prior distributions
Posterior Prior Likelihood

The posterior distribution f (q | x ) for the parameter q is related to

the prior distribution f (q) via the likelihood function f ( x | q) :
f (q | x ) f (q) f ( x | q)

Normal / normal model

If x is a random sample of size n from a N (m, s 2 ) distribution,
where s 2 is known, and the prior distribution for the parameter m is
N (m 0 , s 02 ) , then the posterior distribution for m is:

m | x ~ N (m* , s*2 )
nx m
where m* = 2 + 02
s0
s

28

n
n
1
1
2
+
s
=
+
and
1
*
2

s 02
s 02
s
s

3.8

EMPIRICAL BAYES CREDIBILITY MODEL 1

Data requirements
{ X ij , i = 1, 2,K, N , j = 1, 2,K, n}
X ij represents the aggregate claims in the j th year from the i th risk.

Intermediate calculations
1 n
1 N
X i = X ij , X = X i
n j =1
N i =1

Parameter estimation
Quantity

Estimator

E[m(q)]

E[ s (q)]

1 N 1 n
2
(
)
X
X
ij i
N i =1 n - 1 j =1

var[m(q)]

1 N
1 N 1 n
2
2
(
)
(
)
X
X
X
X
i
ij i
N - 1 i =1
Nn i =1 n - 1 j =1

Credibility factor
n

Z=
n+

E[ s 2 (q)]
var[m(q)]

29

3.9

EMPIRICAL BAYES CREDIBILITY MODEL 2

Data requirements
{Yij , i = 1,2,K, N , j = 1,2,K, n} , {Pij , i = 1, 2,K, N , j = 1,2,K, n}
Yij represents the aggregate claims in the j th year from the i th risk;
Pij is the corresponding risk volume.

Intermediate calculations
n

1 N Pi
Pi = Pij , P = Pi , P* =
Pi 1 - P
1
Nn
j =1
i =1
i =1
X ij =

Yij
Pij

, Xi =

Pij X ij

j =1

Pi

N n

Pij X ij

, X =

i =1 j =1

Parameter estimation
Quantity

Estimator

E[m(q)]

1 N 1 n
2
(
)
P
X
X
ij ij i
N i =1 n - 1 j =1

E[ s (q)]

1 N n
Pij ( X ij
P * Nn - 1
1

var[m(q)]

i =1 j =1

Credibility factor
n

Pij
Zi =

j =1

Pij +
j =1

30

E[ s 2 (q)]
var[m(q)]

- X)

1 n
-
Pij ( X ij
N i =1 n - 1 j =1
1

- Xi )

COMPOUND INTEREST
Increasing/decreasing annuity functions
( Ia )n =

a&&n - nv n
i

, ( Da ) n =

n - an
i

Accumulation factor for variable interest rates

t2

A(t1, t2 ) = exp d(t )dt

t1

31

SURVIVAL MODELS

5.1

MORTALITY LAWS
Survival probabilities
t

t p x = exp - m x + s ds
0

Gompertz Law
m x = Bc x ,

c
t px = g

(ct -1)

where g = e - B log c

Makehams Law
m x = A + Bc x ,

t c
t px = s g

(ct -1)

where s = e - A

Gompertz-Makeham formula
The Gompertz-Makeham graduation formula, denoted by GM(r , s) ,
states that
m x = poly1(t ) + exp[ poly2 (t )]

where t is a linear function of x and poly1(t ) and poly2 (t ) are

polynomials of degree r and s respectively.

32

5.2

EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION
Greenwoods formula for the variance of the Kaplan-Meier
estimator
2
var[ F% (t )] = 1 - F (t )

t j t

dj
n j (n j - d j )

Variance of the Nelson-Aalen estimate of the integrated hazard

% ]=
var[ L
t

5.3

d j (n j - d j )

t j t

n3j

MORTALITY ASSUMPTIONS
Balducci assumption
1- t q x + t

5.4

= (1 - t )q x (x is an integer, 0 t 1)

GENERAL MARKOV MODEL

Kolmogorov forward differential equation

gh
t px =
t

( t pxgj m xjh+t - t pxghm hjx +t )

jh

33

5.5

GRADUATION TESTS
Grouping of signs test
If there are n1 positive signs and n2 negative signs and G denotes the
observed number of positive runs, then:
n1 - 1 n2 + 1
t - 1 t
and, approximately,
P (G = t ) =
n1 + n2
n
1

n1(n2 + 1) (n1n2 )2
G~ N
,

n1 + n2 (n1 + n2 )3

Critical values for the grouping of signs test are tabulated in the
statistical tables section for small values of n1 and n2 . For larger
values of n1 and n2 the normal approximation can be used.
Serial correlation test

rj

1
m- j

m- j

( zi - z )( zi + j - z )
i =1

1 m
( zi - z ) 2

m i =1

1 m
where z = zi
m i =1

r j m ~ N (0,1) approximately.

Variance adjustment factor

rx =

i 2pi
i

ip i
i

where pi is the proportion of lives at age x who have exactly i

policies.
34

5.6

MULTIPLE DECREMENT TABLES

For a multiple decrement table with three decrements a , b and g ,
each uniform over the year of age ( x, x + 1) in its single decrement
table, then
(aq )ax = q xa 1 - 12 (qbx + q xg ) + 13 qbx q xg

5.7

POPULATION PROJECTION MODELS

Logistic model
1 dP(t )
r
= r - kP(t ) has general solution P(t ) =
P (t ) dt
Cr e -rt + k

where C is a constant.

35

ANNUITIES AND ASSURANCES

6.1

APPROXIMATIONS FOR NON ANNUAL ANNUITIES

a&&x(m ) a&&x -

m -1
2m

a&&( m) a&&x:n x:n

6.2

m - 1 Dx + n
12m
Dx

MOMENTS OF ANNUITIES AND ASSURANCES

Let K x and Tx denote the curtate and complete future lifetimes
(respectively) of a life aged exactly x .
Whole life assurances
E[v K x +1] = Ax , var[v K x +1] = 2 Ax - ( Ax )2
E[vTx ] = Ax , var[vTx ] = 2 Ax - ( Ax )2

Similar relationships hold for endowment assurances (with status

L x:n ), pure endowments (with status x:1n ), term assurances (with
status

1
x:n

) and deferred whole life assurances (with status

m| L x ).

Whole life annuities

E[a&&K

x +1

] = a&&x , var[a&&K

x +1

E[aT ] = a x , var[aT ] =
x

]=

Ax - ( Ax )2
d2

Ax - ( Ax )2
d2

Similar relationships hold for temporary annuities (with status L x:n ).

36

6.3

PREMIUMS AND RESERVES

Premium conversion relationship between annuities and
assurances
Ax = 1 - da&&x , Ax = 1 - d a x

Similar relationships hold for endowment assurance policies (with

status L x:n ).
Net premium reserve
tVx = 1 -

a&&x + t
a
, tVx = 1 - x + t
a&&x
ax

Similar formulae hold for endowment assurance policies (with

statuses L x:n and L x + t:n - t ).
6.4

THIELES DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Whole life assurance

V = d tVx + Px - (1 - tVx )m x + t
t t x

Similar formulae hold for other types of policies.

Multiple state model

j
j
j
jk
jk
k
j
tVx = dtVx + bx + t - m x + t bx + t + tVx - tVx
t
k j

37

STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

7.1

MARKOV JUMP PROCESSES

Kolmogorov differential equations
Forward equation:

p ( s, t ) = pik ( s, t )s kj (t )
t ij
k S

Backward equation:

p ( s, t ) = - s ik ( s ) pkj ( s, t )
s ij
k S

where s ij (t ) is the transition rate from state i to state j ( j i ) at

time t , and s ii = - s ij .
j i

Expected time to reach a subsequent state k

mi =

7.2

1
+
li

j i, j k

s ij
li

m j , where l i = s ij
j i

BROWNIAN MOTION AND RELATED PROCESSES

Martingales for standard Brownian motion
If {Bt , t 0} is a standard Brownian motion, then the following
processes are martingales:
Bt , Bt2 - t and exp(lBt - 12 l 2t )

Distribution of the maximum value

P max ( Bs + ms ) >
0 s t

38

- y + mt
- y - mt
y = F
+ e2my F

, y>0

t
t

Hitting times
If t y = min{s : Bs + ms = y} where m > 0 and y < 0 , then
s0

E[e

-lt y

] = e y (m+

m2 + 2l )

, l>0

Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
dX t = -gX t dt + sdBt , g > 0

7.3

MONTE CARLO METHODS

Box-Muller formulae
If U1 and U 2 are independent random variables from the U (0,1)
distribution then
Z1 = -2log U1 cos(2pU 2 ) and Z 2 = -2log U1 sin(2pU 2 )

are independent standard normal variables.

Polar method
If V1 and V2 are independent random variables from the U ( -1,1)
distribution and S = V12 + V22 then, conditional on 0 < S 1 ,
Z1 = V1

-2log S
-2log S
and Z 2 = V2
S
S

are independent standard normal variables.

Pseudorandom values from the U (0,1) distribution and the N (0,1)
distribution are included in the statistical tables section.

39

TIME SERIES

8.1

TIME SERIES TIME DOMAIN

Sample autocovariance and autocorrelation function
Autocovariance:

1 n
1 n
g k = ( xt - m )( xt - k - m ) , where m = xt
n t = k +1
n t =1

Autocorrelation:

r k =

g k
g 0

Autocorrelation function for ARMA(1,1)

For the process X t = aX t -1 + et + bet -1 :
rk =

(1 + ab)(a + b)
2

(1 + b + 2ab)

a k -1 , k = 1, 2,3,K

Partial autocorrelation function

f1 = r1 , f2 =

fk =

r2 - r12

1 - r12

det Pk*
, k = 2,3,K ,
det Pk

r1
r2
1
r
1
r1
1
1
r1
where Pk = r2
M
M
M

r
k -1 rk - 2 rk - 3

L rk -1
L rk - 2

L rk - 3
O
M

L
1

and Pk* equals Pk , but with the last column replaced with
(r1, r2 , r3 , ..., rk )T .

40

Partial autocorrelation function for MA(1)

For the process X t = m + et + bet -1 :
2 k
k +1 (1 - b )b
fk = ( -1)
2( k +1)

1- b

8.2

, k = 1, 2,3,K

TIME SERIES FREQUENCY DOMAIN

Spectral density function
f (w ) =

1 - ik w
e g k , -p < w < p
2p k =-

Inversion formula
gk =

-p

eik w f (w )d w

Spectral density function for ARMA(p,q)

The spectral density function of the process f( B )( X t - m ) = q( B )et ,
where var(et ) = s 2 , is
s 2 q(eiw )q(e - iw )
f (w ) =
2 p f ( ei w ) f ( e - i w )

Linear filters
For the linear filter Yt =

k =-

ak X t - k :

fY (w ) = A(w ) f X (w ) ,

where A(w ) =

k =-

e - ik w ak is the transfer function for the filter.

41

8.3

TIME SERIES BOX-JENKINS METHODOLOGY

Ljung and Box portmanteau test of the residuals for an
ARMA(p,q) model
rk2
2
~ cm
n(n + 2)
-( p + q)
k =1 n - k
m

where rk ( k = 1,2,K, m ) is the estimated value of the k th

autocorrelation coefficient of the residuals and n is the number of
data values used in the ARMA( p, q ) series.
Turning point test
In a sequence of n independent random variables the number of
turning points T is such that:
E (T ) = 23 (n - 2) and var(T ) =

42

16n - 29
90

ECONOMIC MODELS

9.1

UTILITY THEORY
Utility functions
Exponential: U ( w) = - e - aw ,

a>0

Logarithmic: U ( w) = log w
Power:

U ( w) = g -1 ( wg - 1) , g 1 , g 0

Quadratic:

U ( w) = w + dw2 , d < 0

Measures of risk aversion

9.2

U ( w)
U ( w)

Absolute risk aversion:

A( w) = -

Relative risk aversion:

R( w) = w A( w)

CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM)

Security market line
Ei - r = bi ( EM - r ) where bi =

cov( Ri , RM )
var( RM )

Capital market line (for efficient portfolios)

E P - r = ( EM - r )

sP
sM

43

9.3

INTEREST RATE MODELS

Spot rates and forward rates for zero-coupon bonds
Let P(t ) be the price at time 0 of a zero-coupon bond that pays 1 unit
at time t .
Let s (t ) be the spot rate for the period (0, t ) .
Let f (t ) be the instantaneous forward rate at time 0 for time t .
Spot rate
1
P(t ) = e -ts ( t ) or s (t ) = - log P (t)
t

Instantaneous forward rate

t
d
P(t ) = exp - f ( s )ds or f (t ) = - log P (t )
0

dt

Vasicek model
Instantaneous forward rate
f (t ) = e -at R + (1 - e -at ) L +

b -at
e (1 - e -at )
a

Price of a zero-coupon bond

b

P(t ) = exp - D(t ) R - (t - D(t )) L - D(t ) 2

2

1 - e -at
where D(t ) =
a

44

10

FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES
Note. In this section, q denotes the (continuously-payable) dividend
rate.

10.1

PRICE OF A FORWARD OR FUTURES CONTRACT

For an asset with fixed income of present value I:
F = ( S0 - I )erT

For an asset with dividends:

F = S0e( r - q )T

10.2

BINOMIAL PRICING (TREE) MODEL

Risk-neutral probabilities
er Dt - d
,
Up-step probability =
u-d

where u es
and

d e -s

Dt + q Dt
Dt + q Dt

45

10.3

STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Generalised Wiener process
dx = adt + bdz

where a and b are constant and dz is the increment for a Wiener

process (standard Brownian motion).
Ito process
dx = a ( x, t )dt + b( x, t )dz

Itos lemma for a function G(x, t)

G 1 2 2G G
G
dG = a
+ b
+
dt
+
b
dz

x
2

x
x

Models for the short rate rt

10.4

Ho-Lee:

dr = q(t )dt + sdz

Hull-White:

dr = [q(t ) - ar ]dt + sdz

Vasicek:

dr = a (b - r )dt + sdz

Cox-Ingersoll-Ross:

dr = a (b - r )dt + s rdz

BLACK-SCHOLES FORMULAE FOR EUROPEAN OPTIONS

Geometric Brownian motion model for a stock price S t
dSt = St (mdt + sdz )

Black-Scholes partial differential equation

f
f 1 2 2 2 f
+ (r - q ) St
+ s St
= rf
t
St 2
St2

46

Garman-Kohlhagen formulae for the price of call and put options

Call: ct = St e - q (T - t ) F(d1) - Ke - r (T -t )F(d 2 )
Put:

pt = Ke - r (T - t )F( - d 2 ) - St e - q (T - t ) F( - d1)

log( St K ) + (r - q + s 2 )(T - t )
where d1 =
s T -t

and
10.5

log( St K ) + (r - q - s 2 )(T - t )
d2 =
= d1 - s T - t
s T -t

PUT-CALL PARITY RELATIONSHIP

ct + Ke - r (T - t ) = pt + St e - q (T -t )

47

48

COMPOUND INTEREST TABLES

49

Compound Interest
%
i

0.005 000
(2)

0.004 994

i (4)

0.004 991

i
i

(12)

0.004 989

0.004 988

(1 + i )1 2

1.002 497

(1 + i )1 4

1.001 248

1/12

(1 + i )

1.000 416

0.995 025

12

14

v1 12

d
d

(2)

d (4)
d (12)
i / i (2)

0.997 509
0.998 754
0.999 584
0.004 975
0.004 981
0.004 984
0.004 987

i / i (12)

1.001 248
1.001 873
1.002 290

i/d

1.002 498

i / i (4)

i/d

(2)

1.003 748

i/d

(4)

1.003 123

i / d (12)

50

1.002 706

(1 + i )n

1
2
3
4
5

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1.005 00
1.010 03
1.015 08
1.020 15
1.025 25

0.995 02
0.990 07
0.985 15
0.980 25
0.975 37

1.000 0
2.005 0
3.015 0
4.030 1
5.050 3

0.995 0
1.985 1
2.970 2
3.950 5
4.925 9

0.995 0
2.975 2
5.930 6
9.851 6
14.728 5

0.995 0
2.980 1
5.950 4
9.900 9
14.826 7

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.030 38
1.035 53
1.040 71
1.045 91
1.051 14

0.970 52
0.965 69
0.960 89
0.956 10
0.951 35

6.075 5
7.105 9
8.141 4
9.182 1
10.228 0

5.896 4
6.862 1
7.823 0
8.779 1
9.730 4

20.551 6
27.311 4
34.998 5
43.603 4
53.116 9

20.723 1
27.585 2
35.408 2
44.187 2
53.917 6

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

1.056 40
1.061 68
1.066 99
1.072 32
1.077 68

0.946 61
0.941 91
0.937 22
0.932 56
0.927 92

11.279 2
12.335 6
13.397 2
14.464 2
15.536 5

10.677 0
11.618 9
12.556 2
13.488 7
14.416 6

63.529 7
74.832 5
87.016 4
100.072 2
113.990 9

64.594 7
76.213 6
88.769 7
102.258 4
116.675 1

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

1.083 07
1.088 49
1.093 93
1.099 40
1.104 90

0.923 30
0.918 71
0.914 14
0.909 59
0.905 06

16.614 2
17.697 3
18.785 8
19.879 7
20.979 1

15.339 9
16.258 6
17.172 8
18.082 4
18.987 4

128.763 7
144.381 7
160.836 2
178.118 4
196.219 6

132.015 0
148.273 6
165.446 4
183.528 8
202.516 2

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

1.110 42
1.115 97
1.121 55
1.127 16
1.132 80

0.900 56
0.896 08
0.891 62
0.887 19
0.882 77

22.084 0
23.194 4
24.310 4
25.432 0
26.559 1

19.888 0
20.784 1
21.675 7
22.562 9
23.445 6

215.131 4
234.845 1
255.352 4
276.644 9
298.714 2

222.404 1
243.188 2
264.863 9
287.426 8
310.872 4

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

1.138 46
1.144 15
1.149 87
1.155 62
1.161 40

0.878 38
0.874 01
0.869 66
0.865 33
0.861 03

27.691 9
28.830 4
29.974 5
31.124 4
32.280 0

24.324 0
25.198 0
26.067 7
26.933 0
27.794 1

321.552 1
345.150 3
369.500 9
394.595 6
420.426 5

335.196 4
360.394 4
386.462 1
413.395 2
441.189 2

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

1.167 21
1.173 04
1.178 91
1.184 80
1.190 73

0.856 75
0.852 48
0.848 24
0.844 02
0.839 82

33.441 4
34.608 6
35.781 7
36.960 6
38.145 4

28.650 8
29.503 3
30.351 5
31.195 5
32.035 4

446.985 6
474.265 1
502.257 1
530.953 8
560.347 6

469.840 0
499.343 3
529.694 8
560.890 4
592.925 7

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

1.196 68
1.202 66
1.208 68
1.214 72
1.220 79

0.835 64
0.831 49
0.827 35
0.823 23
0.819 14

39.336 1
40.532 8
41.735 4
42.944 1
44.158 8

32.871 0
33.702 5
34.529 9
35.353 1
36.172 2

590.430 8
621.195 9
652.635 2
684.741 4
717.506 9

625.796 8
659.499 3
694.029 1
729.382 2
765.554 4

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

1.226 90
1.233 03
1.239 20
1.245 39
1.251 62

0.815 06
0.811 01
0.806 97
0.802 96
0.798 96

45.379 6
46.606 5
47.839 6
49.078 8
50.324 2

36.987 3
37.798 3
38.605 3
39.408 2
40.207 2

750.924 5
784.986 9
819.686 7
855.016 9
890.970 3

802.541 7
840.340 0
878.945 3
918.353 5
958.560 7

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

1.257 88
1.264 17
1.270 49
1.276 84
1.283 23

0.794 99
0.791 03
0.787 10
0.783 18
0.779 29

51.575 8
52.833 7
54.097 8
55.368 3
56.645 2

41.002 2
927.539 8
41.793 2
964.718 4
42.580 3 1 002.499 1
43.363 5 1 040.875 1
44.142 8 1 079.839 4

999.562 9
1 041.356 1
1 083.936 4
1 127.299 9
1 171.442 7

46
47
48
49
50

60
70
80
90
100

1.348 85
1.417 83
1.490 34
1.566 55
1.646 67

0.741 37 69.770 0
0.705 30 83.566 1
0.670 99 98.067 7
0.638 34 113.310 9
0.607 29 129.333 7

51.725 6
58.939 4
65.802 3
72.331 3
78.542 6

1 654.887 8 60
2 212.116 5 70
2 839.538 9 80
3 533.740 1 90
4 291.471 0 100

1 500.371 4
1 972.582 2
2 490.447 8
3 048.408 2
3 641.336 1

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.010 00
1.020 10
1.030 30
1.040 60
1.051 01

0.990 10
0.980 30
0.970 59
0.960 98
0.951 47

1.000 0
2.010 0
3.030 1
4.060 4
5.101 0

0.990 1
1.970 4
2.941 0
3.902 0
4.853 4

0.990 1
2.950 7
5.862 5
9.706 4
14.463 7

0.990 1
2.960 5
5.901 5
9.803 4
14.656 9

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.061 52
1.072 14
1.082 86
1.093 69
1.104 62

0.942 05
0.932 72
0.923 48
0.914 34
0.905 29

6.152 0
7.213 5
8.285 7
9.368 5
10.462 2

5.795 5
6.728 2
7.651 7
8.566 0
9.471 3

20.116 0
26.645 0
34.032 9
42.261 9
51.314 8

20.452 4
27.180 5
34.832 2
43.398 2
52.869 5

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

1.115 67
1.126 83
1.138 09
1.149 47
1.160 97

0.896 32
0.887 45
0.878 66
0.869 96
0.861 35

11.566 8
12.682 5
13.809 3
14.947 4
16.096 9

10.367 6
11.255 1
12.133 7
13.003 7
13.865 1

61.174 4
71.823 8
83.246 4
95.425 8
108.346 1

63.237 2
74.492 3
86.626 0
99.629 7
113.494 7

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

1.172 58
1.184 30
1.196 15
1.208 11
1.220 19

0.852 82
0.844 38
0.836 02
0.827 74
0.819 54

17.257 9
18.430 4
19.614 7
20.810 9
22.019 0

14.717 9
15.562 3
16.398 3
17.226 0
18.045 6

121.991 2
136.345 6
151.394 0
167.121 0
183.511 9

128.212 6
143.774 9
160.173 1
177.399 2
195.444 7

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

1.232 39
1.244 72
1.257 16
1.269 73
1.282 43

0.811 43
0.803 40
0.795 44
0.787 57
0.779 77

23.239 2
24.471 6
25.716 3
26.973 5
28.243 2

18.857 0
19.660 4
20.455 8
21.243 4
22.023 2

200.551 9
218.226 7
236.521 8
255.423 4
274.917 6

214.301 7
233.962 1
254.417 9
275.661 3
297.684 4

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

1.295 26
1.308 21
1.321 29
1.334 50
1.347 85

0.772 05
0.764 40
0.756 84
0.749 34
0.741 92

29.525 6
30.820 9
32.129 1
33.450 4
34.784 9

22.795 2
23.559 6
24.316 4
25.065 8
25.807 7

294.990 9
315.629 8
336.821 2
358.552 1
380.809 8

320.479 6
344.039 2
368.355 7
393.421 5
419.229 2

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

1.361 33
1.374 94
1.388 69
1.402 58
1.416 60

0.734 58
0.727 30
0.720 10
0.712 97
0.705 91

36.132 7
37.494 1
38.869 0
40.257 7
41.660 3

26.542 3
27.269 6
27.989 7
28.702 7
29.408 6

403.581 7
426.855 4
450.618 8
474.859 9
499.566 9

445.771 5
473.041 1
501.030 7
529.733 4
559.142 0

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

1.430 77
1.445 08
1.459 53
1.474 12
1.488 86

0.698 92
0.692 00
0.685 15
0.678 37
0.671 65

43.076 9
44.507 6
45.952 7
47.412 3
48.886 4

30.107 5
30.799 5
31.484 7
32.163 0
32.834 7

524.728 2
550.332 4
576.368 2
602.824 6
629.690 7

589.249 5
620.049 0
651.533 7
683.696 7
716.531 4

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

1.503 75
1.518 79
1.533 98
1.549 32
1.564 81

0.665 00
0.658 42
0.651 90
0.645 45
0.639 05

50.375 2
51.879 0
53.397 8
54.931 8
56.481 1

33.499 7
34.158 1
34.810 0
35.455 5
36.094 5

656.955 9
684.609 5
712.641 2
741.040 8
769.798 2

750.031 1
784.189 2
818.999 2
854.454 6
890.549 2

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

1.580 46
1.596 26
1.612 23
1.628 35
1.644 63

0.632 73
0.626 46
0.620 26
0.614 12
0.608 04

58.045 9
59.626 3
61.222 6
62.834 8
64.463 2

36.727 2
37.353 7
37.974 0
38.588 1
39.196 1

798.903 7
927.276 4
828.347 5
964.630 1
858.120 0 1 002.604 1
888.211 8 1 041.192 1
918.613 7 1 080.388 2

46
47
48
49
50

60
70
80
90
100

1.816 70
2.006 76
2.216 72
2.448 63
2.704 81

0.550 45
0.498 31
0.451 12
0.408 39
0.369 71

81.669 7
100.676 3
121.671 5
144.863 3
170.481 4

44.955 0
50.168 5
54.888 2
59.160 9
63.028 9

1 237.761 2
1 578.816 0
1 934.765 3
2 299.728 4
2 668.804 6

1%
i

0.010 000

(2)

0.009 975

(4)

0.009 963

(12)

0.009 954

0.009 950

(1 + i )1 2

1.004 988

(1 + i )1 4

1.002 491

1/12

(1 + i )

1.000 830

0.990 099

12

0.995 037

14

0.997 516

1 12

0.999 171

v
v
v

0.009 901
(2)

0.009 926

d (4)

0.009 938

(12)

0.009 946

i / i (2)

1.002 494

i / i (4)

1.003 742

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.004 575
1.004 992

i / d (2)

1.007 494

(4)

1.006 242

i/d

i / d (12)

1.005 408

1 504.496 2 60
1 983.148 6 70
2 511.179 4 80
3 083.911 9 90
3 697.112 1 100

51

Compound Interest
1%
0.015 000

i
(2)

0.014 944

i (4)

0.014 916

i
i

(12)

0.014 898

0.014 889

(1 + i )1 2

1.007 472

(1 + i )1 4

1.003 729

1/12

(1 + i )

1.001 241

0.985 222

12

0.992 583

14

0.996 285

v1 12

0.998 760

0.014 778

(2)

0.014 833

d (4)

0.014 861

d (12)

0.014 879

i / i (2)

1.003 736

i / i (4)

1.005 608

i / i (12)

1.006 857

i/d

1.007 481

i/d

(2)

1.011 236

i/d

(4)

1.009 358

i / d (12)

52

1.008 107

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.015 00
1.030 23
1.045 68
1.061 36
1.077 28

0.985 22
0.970 66
0.956 32
0.942 18
0.928 26

1.000 0
2.015 0
3.045 2
4.090 9
5.152 3

0.985 2
1.955 9
2.912 2
3.854 4
4.782 6

0.985 2
2.926 5
5.795 5
9.564 2
14.205 5

0.985 2
2.941 1
5.853 3
9.707 7
14.490 3

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.093 44
1.109 84
1.126 49
1.143 39
1.160 54

0.914 54
0.901 03
0.887 71
0.874 59
0.861 67

6.229 6
7.323 0
8.432 8
9.559 3
10.702 7

5.697 2
6.598 2
7.485 9
8.360 5
9.222 2

19.692 8
26.000 0
33.101 7
40.973 0
49.589 7

20.187 5
26.785 7
34.271 7
42.632 2
51.854 4

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

1.177 95
1.195 62
1.213 55
1.231 76
1.250 23

0.848 93
0.836 39
0.824 03
0.811 85
0.799 85

11.863 3
13.041 2
14.236 8
15.450 4
16.682 1

10.071 1
10.907 5
11.731 5
12.543 4
13.343 2

58.927 9
68.964 6
79.676 9
91.042 8
103.040 6

61.925 5
72.833 0
84.564 5
97.107 9
110.451 1

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

1.268 99
1.288 02
1.307 34
1.326 95
1.346 86

0.788 03
0.776 39
0.764 91
0.753 61
0.742 47

17.932 4
19.201 4
20.489 4
21.796 7
23.123 7

14.131 3
14.907 6
15.672 6
16.426 2
17.168 6

115.649 1
128.847 6
142.616 0
156.934 6
171.784 0

124.582 4
139.490 0
155.162 6
171.588 8
188.757 4

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

1.367 06
1.387 56
1.408 38
1.429 50
1.450 95

0.731 50
0.720 69
0.710 04
0.699 54
0.689 21

24.470 5
25.837 6
27.225 1
28.633 5
30.063 0

17.900 1
18.620 8
19.330 9
20.030 4
20.719 6

187.145 5
203.000 6
219.331 4
236.120 5
253.350 6

206.657 6
225.278 4
244.609 2
264.639 6
285.359 3

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

1.472 71
1.494 80
1.517 22
1.539 98
1.563 08

0.679 02
0.668 99
0.659 10
0.649 36
0.639 76

31.514 0
32.986 7
34.481 5
35.998 7
37.538 7

21.398 6
22.067 6
22.726 7
23.376 1
24.015 8

271.005 2
289.067 8
307.522 6
326.354 0
345.546 8

306.757 9
328.825 5
351.552 2
374.928 3
398.944 1

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

1.586 53
1.610 32
1.634 48
1.659 00
1.683 88

0.630 31
0.620 99
0.611 82
0.602 77
0.593 87

39.101 8
40.688 3
42.298 6
43.933 1
45.592 1

24.646 1
25.267 1
25.879 0
26.481 7
27.075 6

365.086 4
384.958 2
405.148 1
425.642 4
446.427 7

423.590 3
448.857 4
474.736 4
501.218 1
528.293 7

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

1.709 14
1.734 78
1.760 80
1.787 21
1.814 02

0.585 09
0.576 44
0.567 92
0.559 53
0.551 26

47.276 0
48.985 1
50.719 9
52.480 7
54.267 9

27.660 7
28.237 1
28.805 1
29.364 6
29.915 8

467.490 9
488.819 3
510.400 5
532.222 2
554.272 7

555.954 4
584.191 5
612.996 6
642.361 1
672.277 0

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

1.841 23
1.868 85
1.896 88
1.925 33
1.954 21

0.543 12
0.535 09
0.527 18
0.519 39
0.511 71

56.081 9
57.923 1
59.792 0
61.688 9
63.614 2

30.459 0
30.994 1
31.521 2
32.040 6
32.552 3

576.540 4
599.014 2
621.683 0
644.536 1
667.563 3

702.735 9
733.730 0
765.251 2
797.291 9
829.844 2

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

1.983 53
2.013 28
2.043 48
2.074 13
2.105 24

0.504 15
0.496 70
0.489 36
0.482 13
0.475 00

65.568 4
67.551 9
69.565 2
71.608 7
73.682 8

33.056 5
33.553 2
34.042 6
34.524 7
34.999 7

690.754 3
862.900 7
714.099 3
896.453 9
737.588 7
930.496 4
761.213 1
965.021 1
784.963 3 1 000.020 8

46
47
48
49
50

60
70
80
90
100

2.443 22
2.835 46
3.290 66
3.818 95
4.432 05

0.409 30
0.352 68
0.303 89
0.261 85
0.225 63

96.214 7
122.363 8
152.710 9
187.929 9
228.803 0

39.380 3
43.154 9
46.407 3
49.209 9
51.624 7

1 027.547 7
1 274.320 7
1 519.481 4
1 758.753 7
1 989.075 3

1 374.648 7 60
1 789.675 2 70
2 239.511 8 80
2 719.343 0 90
3 225.019 8 100

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

1
2
3
4
5

1.020 00
1.040 40
1.061 21
1.082 43
1.104 08

6
7
8
9
10

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

0.980 39
0.961 17
0.942 32
0.923 85
0.905 73

1.000 0
2.020 0
3.060 4
4.121 6
5.204 0

0.980 4
1.941 6
2.883 9
3.807 7
4.713 5

0.980 4
2.902 7
5.729 7
9.425 1
13.953 7

0.980 4
2.922 0
5.805 8
9.613 6
14.327 0

1
2
3
4
5

1.126 16
1.148 69
1.171 66
1.195 09
1.218 99

0.887 97
0.870 56
0.853 49
0.836 76
0.820 35

6.308 1
7.434 3
8.583 0
9.754 6
10.949 7

5.601 4
6.472 0
7.325 5
8.162 2
8.982 6

19.281 6
25.375 5
32.203 4
39.734 2
47.937 7

19.928 5
26.400 4
33.725 9
41.888 2
50.870 7

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

1.243 37
1.268 24
1.293 61
1.319 48
1.345 87

0.804 26
0.788 49
0.773 03
0.757 88
0.743 01

12.168 7
13.412 1
14.680 3
15.973 9
17.293 4

9.786 8
10.575 3
11.348 4
12.106 2
12.849 3

56.784 6
66.246 5
76.295 9
86.906 2
98.051 4

60.657 6
71.232 9
82.581 3
94.687 6
107.536 8

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

1.372 79
1.400 24
1.428 25
1.456 81
1.485 95

0.728 45
0.714 16
0.700 16
0.686 43
0.672 97

18.639 3
20.012 1
21.412 3
22.840 6
24.297 4

13.577 7
14.291 9
14.992 0
15.678 5
16.351 4

109.706 5
121.847 3
134.450 2
147.492 3
160.951 8

121.114 5
135.406 4
150.398 4
166.076 9
182.428 3

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

1.515 67
1.545 98
1.576 90
1.608 44
1.640 61

0.659 78
0.646 84
0.634 16
0.621 72
0.609 53

25.783 3
27.299 0
28.845 0
30.421 9
32.030 3

17.011 2
17.658 0
18.292 2
18.913 9
19.523 5

174.807 1
189.037 5
203.623 1
218.544 4
233.782 7

199.439 5
217.097 6
235.389 8
254.303 7
273.827 2

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

1.673 42
1.706 89
1.741 02
1.775 84
1.811 36

0.597 58
0.585 86
0.574 37
0.563 11
0.552 07

33.670 9
35.344 3
37.051 2
38.792 2
40.568 1

20.121 0
20.706 9
21.281 3
21.844 4
22.396 5

249.319 8
265.138 0
281.220 5
297.550 8
314.112 9

293.948 2
314.655 1
335.936 4
357.780 8
380.177 2

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

1.847 59
1.884 54
1.922 23
1.960 68
1.999 89

0.541 25
0.530 63
0.520 23
0.510 03
0.500 03

42.379 4
44.227 0
46.111 6
48.033 8
49.994 5

22.937 7
23.468 3
23.988 6
24.498 6
24.998 6

330.891 5
347.871 8
365.039 3
382.380 3
399.881 3

403.114 9
426.583 3
450.571 8
475.070 4
500.069 0

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

2.039 89
2.080 69
2.122 30
2.164 74
2.208 04

0.490 22
0.480 61
0.471 19
0.461 95
0.452 89

51.994 4
54.034 3
56.114 9
58.237 2
60.402 0

25.488 8
25.969 5
26.440 6
26.902 6
27.355 5

417.529 3
435.311 9
453.217 0
471.233 0
489.348 6

525.557 9
551.527 3
577.968 0
604.870 6
632.226 0

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

2.252 20
2.297 24
2.343 19
2.390 05
2.437 85

0.444 01
0.435 30
0.426 77
0.418 40
0.410 20

62.610 0
64.862 2
67.159 5
69.502 7
71.892 7

27.799 5
28.234 8
28.661 6
29.080 0
29.490 2

507.553 0
525.835 8
544.186 9
562.596 5
581.055 3

660.025 5
688.260 3
716.921 9
746.001 8
775.492 0

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

2.486 61
2.536 34
2.587 07
2.638 81
2.691 59

0.402 15
0.394 27
0.386 54
0.378 96
0.371 53

74.330 6
76.817 2
79.353 5
81.940 6
84.579 4

29.892 3
30.286 6
30.673 1
31.052 1
31.423 6

599.554 4
618.085 0
636.638 8
655.207 8
673.784 2

805.384 3
835.670 9
866.344 0
897.396 1
928.819 7

46
47
48
49
50

60
70
80
90
100

3.281 03
3.999 56
4.875 44
5.943 13
7.244 65

0.304 78
0.250 03
0.205 11
0.168 26
0.138 03

114.051 5
149.977 9
193.772 0
247.156 7
312.232 3

34.760 9
37.498 6
39.744 5
41.586 9
43.098 4

858.458 4
1 037.332 9
1 206.531 3
1 363.757 0
1 507.851 1

2%
i

0.020 000

(2)

0.019 901

(4)

0.019 852

(12)

0.019 819

0.019 803

(1 + i )1 2

1.009 950

(1 + i )1 4

1.004 963

1/12

(1 + i )

1.001 652

0.980 392

12

0.990 148

14

0.995 062

1 12

0.998 351

v
v
v

0.019 608
(2)

0.019 705

d (4)

0.019 754

(12)

0.019 786

i / i (2)

1.004 975

i / i (4)

1.007 469

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.009 134
1.009 967

i / d (2)

1.014 975

(4)

1.012 469

i/d

i / d (12)

1.010 801

1 261.955 7 60
1 625.069 0 70
2 012.774 3 80
2 420.653 5 90
2 845.082 4 100

53

Compound Interest
2%
i

0.025 000
(2)

0.024 846

i (4)

0.024 769

i
i

(12)

0.024 718

0.024 693

(1 + i )1 2

1.012 423

(1 + i )1 4

1.006 192

1/12

(1 + i )

1.002 060

0.975 610

12

0.987 730

14

0.993 846

v1 12

0.997 944

0.024 390

(2)

0.024 541

d (4)

0.024 617

d (12)

0.024 667

i / i (2)

1.006 211

i / i (4)

1.009 327

i / i (12)

1.011 407

i/d

1.012 449

i/d

(2)

1.018 711

i/d

(4)

1.015 577

i / d (12)

54

1.013 491

(1 + i )n

vn

1
2
3
4
5

1.025 00
1.050 63
1.076 89
1.103 81
1.131 41

0.975 61
0.951 81
0.928 60
0.905 95
0.883 85

6
7
8
9
10

1.159 69
1.188 69
1.218 40
1.248 86
1.280 08

11
12
13
14
15

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1.000 0
2.025 0
3.075 6
4.152 5
5.256 3

0.975 6
1.927 4
2.856 0
3.762 0
4.645 8

0.975 6
2.879 2
5.665 0
9.288 8
13.708 1

0.975 6
2.903 0
5.759 1
9.521 0
14.166 9

1
2
3
4
5

0.862 30
0.841 27
0.820 75
0.800 73
0.781 20

6.387 7
7.547 4
8.736 1
9.954 5
11.203 4

5.508 1
6.349 4
7.170 1
7.970 9
8.752 1

18.881 9
24.770 7
31.336 7
38.543 3
46.355 3

19.675 0
26.024 4
33.194 5
41.165 4
49.917 4

6
7
8
9
10

1.312 09
1.344 89
1.378 51
1.412 97
1.448 30

0.762 14
0.743 56
0.725 42
0.707 73
0.690 47

12.483 5
13.795 6
15.140 4
16.519 0
17.931 9

9.514 2
10.257 8
10.983 2
11.690 9
12.381 4

54.738 9
63.661 5
73.092 0
83.000 2
93.357 2

59.431 7
69.689 4
80.672 6
92.363 5
104.744 9

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

1.484 51
1.521 62
1.559 66
1.598 65
1.638 62

0.673 62
0.657 20
0.641 17
0.625 53
0.610 27

19.380 2
20.864 7
22.386 3
23.946 0
25.544 7

13.055 0
13.712 2
14.353 4
14.978 9
15.589 2

104.135 2
115.307 5
126.848 5
138.733 5
150.938 9

117.799 9
131.512 1
145.865 5
160.844 3
176.433 5

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

1.679 58
1.721 57
1.764 61
1.808 73
1.853 94

0.595 39
0.580 86
0.566 70
0.552 88
0.539 39

27.183 3
28.862 9
30.584 4
32.349 0
34.157 8

16.184 5
16.765 4
17.332 1
17.885 0
18.424 4

163.442 0
176.221 0
189.255 1
202.524 1
216.008 8

192.618 1
209.383 5
226.715 6
244.600 6
263.024 9

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

1.900 29
1.947 80
1.996 50
2.046 41
2.097 57

0.526 23
0.513 40
0.500 88
0.488 66
0.476 74

36.011 7
37.912 0
39.859 8
41.856 3
43.902 7

18.950 6
19.464 0
19.964 9
20.453 5
20.930 3

229.690 9
243.552 7
257.577 3
271.748 5
286.050 8

281.975 6
301.439 6
321.404 5
341.858 0
362.788 3

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

2.150 01
2.203 76
2.258 85
2.315 32
2.373 21

0.465 11
0.453 77
0.442 70
0.431 91
0.421 37

46.000 3
48.150 3
50.354 0
52.612 9
54.928 2

21.395 4
21.849 2
22.291 9
22.723 8
23.145 2

300.469 3
314.990 0
329.599 2
344.284 0
359.032 0

384.183 7
406.032 9
428.324 8
451.048 5
474.193 7

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

2.432 54
2.493 35
2.555 68
2.619 57
2.685 06

0.411 09
0.401 07
0.391 28
0.381 74
0.372 43

57.301 4
59.733 9
62.227 3
64.783 0
67.402 6

23.556 3
23.957 3
24.348 6
24.730 3
25.102 8

373.831 3
388.670 8
403.539 6
418.427 6
433.324 8

497.750 0
521.707 3
546.055 9
570.786 2
595.889 0

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

2.752 19
2.821 00
2.891 52
2.963 81
3.037 90

0.363 35
0.354 48
0.345 84
0.337 40
0.329 17

70.087 6
72.839 8
75.660 8
78.552 3
81.516 1

25.466 1
25.820 6
26.166 4
26.503 8
26.833 0

448.222 0
463.110 4
477.981 4
492.827 2
507.640 1

621.355 1
647.175 7
673.342 2
699.846 0
726.679 0

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

3.113 85
3.191 70
3.271 49
3.353 28
3.437 11

0.321 15
0.313 31
0.305 67
0.298 22
0.290 94

84.554 0
87.667 9
90.859 6
94.131 1
97.484 3

27.154 2
27.467 5
27.773 2
28.071 4
28.362 3

522.412 8
537.138 5
551.810 7
566.423 3
580.970 4

753.833 2
781.300 7
809.073 9
837.145 2
865.507 5

46
47
48
49
50

60 4.399 79
70 5.632 10
80 7.209 57
90 9.228 86
100 11.813 72

0.227 28
0.177 55
0.138 70
0.108 36
0.084 65

135.991 6
185.284 1
248.382 7
329.154 3
432.548 7

sn

30.908 7
721.774 3
32.897 9
851.662 1
34.451 8
968.669 9
35.665 8 1 072.215 7
36.614 1 1 162.588 8

1 163.653 7 60
1 484.085 7 70
1 821.927 3 80
2 173.369 3 90
2 535.435 8 100

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.030 00
1.060 90
1.092 73
1.125 51
1.159 27

0.970 87
0.942 60
0.915 14
0.888 49
0.862 61

1.000 0
2.030 0
3.090 9
4.183 6
5.309 1

0.970 9
1.913 5
2.828 6
3.717 1
4.579 7

0.970 9
2.856 1
5.601 5
9.155 4
13.468 5

0.970 9
2.884 3
5.713 0
9.430 1
14.009 8

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.194 05
1.229 87
1.266 77
1.304 77
1.343 92

0.837 48
0.813 09
0.789 41
0.766 42
0.744 09

6.468 4
7.662 5
8.892 3
10.159 1
11.463 9

5.417 2
6.230 3
7.019 7
7.786 1
8.530 2

18.493 4
24.185 0
30.500 3
37.398 1
44.839 0

19.427 0
25.657 2
32.676 9
40.463 0
48.993 2

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

1.384 23
1.425 76
1.468 53
1.512 59
1.557 97

0.722 42
0.701 38
0.680 95
0.661 12
0.641 86

12.807 8 9.252 6
14.192 0 9.954 0
15.617 8 10.635 0
17.086 3 11.296 1
18.598 9 11.937 9

52.785 6
61.202 2
70.054 6
79.310 2
88.938 1

58.245 9
68.199 9
78.834 8
90.130 9
102.068 8

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

1.604 71
1.652 85
1.702 43
1.753 51
1.806 11

0.623 17
0.605 02
0.587 39
0.570 29
0.553 68

20.156 9
21.761 6
23.414 4
25.116 9
26.870 4

98.908 8
109.194 1
119.767 2
130.602 6
141.676 1

114.629 9
127.796 1
141.549 6
155.873 4
170.750 8

16
17
18
19
20

12.561 1
13.166 1
13.753 5
14.323 8
14.877 5

21
22
23
24
25

1.860 29
1.916 10
1.973 59
2.032 79
2.093 78

0.537 55
0.521 89
0.506 69
0.491 93
0.477 61

28.676 5
30.536 8
32.452 9
34.426 5
36.459 3

15.415 0
15.936 9
16.443 6
16.935 5
17.413 1

152.964 7
164.446 3
176.100 2
187.906 6
199.846 8

186.165 9
202.102 8
218.546 4
235.481 9
252.895 1

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

2.156 59
2.221 29
2.287 93
2.356 57
2.427 26

0.463 69
0.450 19
0.437 08
0.424 35
0.411 99

38.553 0
40.709 6
42.930 9
45.218 9
47.575 4

17.876 8
18.327 0
18.764 1
19.188 5
19.600 4

211.902 8
224.057 9
236.296 1
248.602 1
260.961 7

270.771 9
289.099 0
307.863 1
327.051 5
346.652 0

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

2.500 08
2.575 08
2.652 34
2.731 91
2.813 86

0.399 99
0.388 34
0.377 03
0.366 04
0.355 38

50.002 7
52.502 8
55.077 8
57.730 2
60.462 1

20.000 4
20.388 8
20.765 8
21.131 8
21.487 2

273.361 3
285.788 1
298.230 0
310.675 5
323.113 9

366.652 4
387.041 1
407.806 9
428.938 8
450.426 0

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

2.898 28
2.985 23
3.074 78
3.167 03
3.262 04

0.345 03
0.334 98
0.325 23
0.315 75
0.306 56

63.275 9
66.174 2
69.159 4
72.234 2
75.401 3

21.832 3
22.167 2
22.492 5
22.808 2
23.114 8

335.535 1
347.929 5
360.288 1
372.602 4
384.864 7

472.258 3
494.425 5
516.917 9
539.726 2
562.840 9

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

3.359 90
3.460 70
3.564 52
3.671 45
3.781 60

0.297 63
0.288 96
0.280 54
0.272 37
0.264 44

78.663 3
82.023 2
85.483 9
89.048 4
92.719 9

23.412 4
23.701 4
23.981 9
24.254 3
24.518 7

397.067 5
409.203 8
421.267 1
433.251 5
445.151 2

586.253 3
609.954 7
633.936 6
658.190 9
682.709 6

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

3.895 04
4.011 90
4.132 25
4.256 22
4.383 91

0.256 74
0.249 26
0.242 00
0.234 95
0.228 11

96.501 5
100.396 5
104.408 4
108.540 6
112.796 9

24.775 4
25.024 7
25.266 7
25.501 7
25.729 8

456.961 1
468.676 2
480.292 2
491.804 7
503.210 1

707.485 0
732.509 7
757.776 4
783.278 1
809.007 9

46
47
48
49
50

60 5.891 60 0.169 73
70 7.917 82 0.126 30
80 10.640 89 0.093 98
90 14.300 47 0.069 93
100 19.218 63 0.052 03

163.053 4
230.594 1
321.363 0
443.348 9
607.287 7

27.675 6
29.123 4
30.200 8
31.002 4
31.598 9

610.728 2
705.210 3
786.287 3
854.632 6
911.453 0

3%
i

0.030 000

(2)

0.029 778

(4)

0.029 668

(12)

0.029 595

0.029 559

(1 + i )1 2

1.014 889

(1 + i )1 4

1.007 417

1/12

(1 + i )

1.002 466

0.970 874

12

0.985 329

14

0.992 638

1 12

0.997 540

v
v
v

0.029 126
(2)

0.029 341

d (4)

0.029 450

(12)

0.029 522

i / i (2)

1.007 445

i / i (4)

1.011 181

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.013 677
1.014 926

i / d (2)

1.022 445

(4)

1.018 681

i/d

i / d (12)

1.016 177

1 077.481 2 60
1 362.552 6 70
1 659.974 6 80
1 966.586 4 90
2 280.036 5 100

55

Compound Interest
4%
i

0.040 000
(2)

0.039 608

i (4)

0.039 414

i
i

(12)

0.039 285

0.039 221

(1 + i )1 2

1.019 804

(1 + i )1 4

1.009 853

1/12

(1 + i )

1.003 274

0.961 538

12

0.980 581

14

0.990 243

v1 12

0.996 737

0.038 462

(2)

0.038 839

d (4)

0.039 029

d (12)

0.039 157

i / i (2)

1.009 902

i / i (4)

1.014 877

i / i (12)

1.018 204

i/d

1.019 869

i/d

(2)

1.029 902

i/d

(4)

1.024 877

i / d (12)

56

1.021 537

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.040 00
1.081 60
1.124 86
1.169 86
1.216 65

0.961 54
0.924 56
0.889 00
0.854 80
0.821 93

1.000 0
2.040 0
3.121 6
4.246 5
5.416 3

0.961 5
1.886 1
2.775 1
3.629 9
4.451 8

0.961 5
2.810 7
5.477 6
8.896 9
13.006 5

0.961 5
2.847 6
5.622 7
9.252 6
13.704 4

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.265 32
1.315 93
1.368 57
1.423 31
1.480 24

0.790 31
0.759 92
0.730 69
0.702 59
0.675 56

6.633 0
7.898 3
9.214 2
10.582 8
12.006 1

5.242 1
6.002 1
6.732 7
7.435 3
8.110 9

17.748 4
23.067 8
28.913 3
35.236 6
41.992 2

18.946 6
24.948 6
31.681 4
39.116 7
47.227 6

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

1.539 45
1.601 03
1.665 07
1.731 68
1.800 94

0.649 58
0.624 60
0.600 57
0.577 48
0.555 26

13.486 4 8.760 5
15.025 8 9.385 1
16.626 8 9.985 6
18.291 9 10.563 1
20.023 6 11.118 4

49.137 6
56.632 8
64.440 3
72.524 9
80.853 9

55.988 1
65.373 2
75.358 8
85.921 9
97.040 3

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

1.872 98
1.947 90
2.025 82
2.106 85
2.191 12

0.533 91
0.513 37
0.493 63
0.474 64
0.456 39

21.824 5
23.697 5
25.645 4
27.671 2
29.778 1

11.652 3 89.396 4
12.165 7 98.123 8
12.659 3 107.009 1
13.133 9 116.027 3
13.590 3 125.155 0

108.692 6
120.858 3
133.517 6
146.651 5
160.241 8

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

2.278 77
2.369 92
2.464 72
2.563 30
2.665 84

0.438 83
0.421 96
0.405 73
0.390 12
0.375 12

31.969 2
34.248 0
36.617 9
39.082 6
41.645 9

14.029 2
14.451 1
14.856 8
15.247 0
15.622 1

134.370 5
143.653 5
152.985 2
162.348 2
171.726 1

174.271 0
188.722 1
203.579 0
218.825 9
234.448 0

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

2.772 47
2.883 37
2.998 70
3.118 65
3.243 40

0.360 69
0.346 82
0.333 48
0.320 65
0.308 32

44.311 7
47.084 2
49.967 6
52.966 3
56.084 9

15.982 8
16.329 6
16.663 1
16.983 7
17.292 0

181.104 0
190.468 0
199.805 4
209.104 3
218.353 9

250.430 8
266.760 4
283.423 4
300.407 1
317.699 2

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

3.373 13
3.508 06
3.648 38
3.794 32
3.946 09

0.296 46
0.285 06
0.274 09
0.263 55
0.253 42

59.328 3
62.701 5
66.209 5
69.857 9
73.652 2

17.588 5
17.873 6
18.147 6
18.411 2
18.664 6

227.544 1
236.666 0
245.711 1
254.671 9
263.541 4

335.287 7
353.161 2
371.308 9
389.720 1
408.384 7

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

4.103 93
4.268 09
4.438 81
4.616 37
4.801 02

0.243 67
0.234 30
0.225 29
0.216 62
0.208 29

77.598 3
81.702 2
85.970 3
90.409 1
95.025 5

18.908 3
19.142 6
19.367 9
19.584 5
19.792 8

272.313 5
280.982 5
289.543 3
297.991 5
306.323 1

427.293 0
446.435 5
465.803 4
485.387 9
505.180 7

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

4.993 06
5.192 78
5.400 50
5.616 52
5.841 18

0.200 28
0.192 57
0.185 17
0.178 05
0.171 20

99.826 5
104.819 6
110.012 4
115.412 9
121.029 4

19.993 1
20.185 6
20.370 8
20.548 8
20.720 0

314.534 5
322.622 6
330.584 9
338.418 9
346.122 8

525.173 7
545.359 3
565.730 1
586.279 0
606.999 0

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

6.074 82
6.317 82
6.570 53
6.833 35
7.106 68

0.164 61
0.158 28
0.152 19
0.146 34
0.140 71

126.870 6
132.945 4
139.263 2
145.833 7
152.667 1

20.884 7
21.042 9
21.195 1
21.341 5
21.482 2

353.695 1
361.134 3
368.439 7
375.610 4
382.646 0

627.883 7
648.926 6
670.121 7
691.463 2
712.945 4

46
47
48
49
50

60
70
80
90
100

10.519 63
15.571 62
23.049 80
34.119 33
50.504 95

0.095 06
237.990 7
0.064 22
364.290 5
0.043 38
551.245 0
0.029 31
827.983 3
0.019 80 1 237.623 7

22.623 5
23.394 5
23.915 4
24.267 3
24.505 0

445.620 1
495.873 4
535.031 5
565.004 2
587.629 9

934.412 8 60
1 165.137 1 70
1 402.115 2 80
1 643.318 1 90
1 887.375 0 100

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.050 00
1.102 50
1.157 63
1.215 51
1.276 28

0.952 38
0.907 03
0.863 84
0.822 70
0.783 53

1.000 0
2.050 0
3.152 5
4.310 1
5.525 6

0.952 4
1.859 4
2.723 2
3.546 0
4.329 5

0.952 4
2.766 4
5.358 0
8.648 8
12.566 4

0.952 4
2.811 8
5.535 0
9.081 0
13.410 5

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.340 10
1.407 10
1.477 46
1.551 33
1.628 89

0.746 22
0.710 68
0.676 84
0.644 61
0.613 91

6.801 9
8.142 0
9.549 1
11.026 6
12.577 9

5.075 7
5.786 4
6.463 2
7.107 8
7.721 7

17.043 7
22.018 5
27.433 2
33.234 7
39.373 8

18.486 2
24.272 5
30.735 7
37.843 6
45.565 3

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

1.710 34
1.795 86
1.885 65
1.979 93
2.078 93

0.584 68
0.556 84
0.530 32
0.505 07
0.481 02

14.206 8 8.306 4
15.917 1 8.863 3
17.713 0 9.393 6
19.598 6 9.898 6
21.578 6 10.379 7

45.805 3
52.487 3
59.381 5
66.452 4
73.667 7

53.871 7
62.735 0
72.128 5
82.027 2
92.406 8

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

2.182 87
2.292 02
2.406 62
2.526 95
2.653 30

0.458 11
0.436 30
0.415 52
0.395 73
0.376 89

23.657 5
25.840 4
28.132 4
30.539 0
33.066 0

10.837 8 80.997 5
11.274 1 88.414 5
11.689 6 95.893 9
12.085 3 103.412 8
12.462 2 110.950 6

103.244 6
114.518 7
126.208 3
138.293 6
150.755 8

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

2.785 96
2.925 26
3.071 52
3.225 10
3.386 35

0.358 94
0.341 85
0.325 57
0.310 07
0.295 30

35.719 3
38.505 2
41.430 5
44.502 0
47.727 1

12.821 2
13.163 0
13.488 6
13.798 6
14.093 9

118.488 4
126.009 1
133.497 3
140.938 9
148.321 5

163.576 9
176.739 9
190.228 5
204.027 2
218.121 1

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

3.555 67
3.733 46
3.920 13
4.116 14
4.321 94

0.281 24
0.267 85
0.255 09
0.242 95
0.231 38

51.113 5
54.669 1
58.402 6
62.322 7
66.438 8

14.375 2
14.643 0
14.898 1
15.141 1
15.372 5

155.633 7
162.865 6
170.008 2
177.053 7
183.995 0

232.496 3
247.139 3
262.037 5
277.178 5
292.551 0

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

4.538 04
4.764 94
5.003 19
5.253 35
5.516 02

0.220 36
0.209 87
0.199 87
0.190 35
0.181 29

70.760 8
75.298 8
80.063 8
85.067 0
90.320 3

15.592 8
15.802 7
16.002 5
16.192 9
16.374 2

190.826 1
197.541 9
204.137 7
210.609 7
216.954 9

308.143 8
323.946 5
339.949 0
356.141 9
372.516 1

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

5.791 82
6.081 41
6.385 48
6.704 75
7.039 99

0.172 66
0.164 44
0.156 61
0.149 15
0.142 05

95.836 3
101.628 1
107.709 5
114.095 0
120.799 8

16.546 9
16.711 3
16.867 9
17.017 0
17.159 1

223.170 5
229.254 7
235.205 7
241.022 4
246.704 3

389.063 0
405.774 3
422.642 1
439.659 2
456.818 3

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

7.391 99
7.761 59
8.149 67
8.557 15
8.985 01

0.135 28
0.128 84
0.122 70
0.116 86
0.111 30

127.839 8
135.231 8
142.993 3
151.143 0
159.700 2

17.294 4
17.423 2
17.545 9
17.662 8
17.774 1

252.250 8
257.662 1
262.938 4
268.080 3
273.088 6

474.112 6
491.535 8
509.081 8
526.744 5
544.518 6

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

9.434 26
9.905 97
10.401 27
10.921 33
11.467 40

0.106 00
0.100 95
0.096 14
0.091 56
0.087 20

168.685 2
178.119 4
188.025 4
198.426 7
209.348 0

17.880 1
17.981 0
18.077 2
18.168 7
18.255 9

277.964 5
282.709 1
287.323 9
291.810 5
296.170 7

562.398 7
580.379 7
598.456 8
616.625 6
634.881 5

46
47
48
49
50

0.053 54
353.583 7
0.032 87
588.528 5
0.020 18
971.228 8
0.012 39 1 594.607 3
0.007 60 2 610.025 2

18.929 3
19.342 7
19.596 5
19.752 3
19.847 9

333.272 5
360.183 6
379.242 5
392.501 1
401.597 1

60 18.679 19
70 30.426 43
80 49.561 44
90 80.730 37
100 131.501 26

5%
i

0.050 000

(2)

0.049 390

(4)

0.049 089

(12)

0.048 889

0.048 790

(1 + i )1 2

1.024 695

(1 + i )1 4

1.012 272

1/12

(1 + i )

1.004 074

0.952 381

12

0.975 900

14

0.987 877

1 12

0.995 942

v
v
v

0.047 619
(2)

0.048 200

d (4)

0.048 494

(12)

0.048 691

i / i (2)

1.012 348

i / i (4)

1.018 559

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.022 715
1.024 797

i / d (2)

1.037 348

(4)

1.031 059

i/d

i / d (12)

1.026 881

821.414 2 60
1 013.146 5 70
1 208.070 8 80
1 404.954 8 90
1 603.041 8 100

57

Compound Interest
6%
i

0.060 000
(2)

0.059 126

i (4)

0.058 695

i
i

(12)

0.058 411

0.058 269

(1 + i )1 2 1.029 563
(1 + i )1 4 1.014 674
(1 + i )1/12 1.004 868
v

0.943 396

12

0.971 286

14

0.985 538

v1 12

0.995 156

0.056 604

(2)

0.057 428

d (4)

0.057 847

d (12)

0.058 128

i / i (2)

1.014 782

i / i (4)

1.022 227

i / i (12)

1.027 211

i/d

1.029 709

i/d

(2)

1.044 782

(4)

1.037 227
1.032 211

i/d
i / d (12)

58

(1 + i )n

vn

1
2
3
4
5

1.060 00
1.123 60
1.191 02
1.262 48
1.338 23

0.943 40
0.890 00
0.839 62
0.792 09
0.747 26

1.000 0
2.060 0
3.183 6
4.374 6
5.637 1

6
7
8
9
10

1.418 52
1.503 63
1.593 85
1.689 48
1.790 85

0.704 96
0.665 06
0.627 41
0.591 90
0.558 39

11
12
13
14
15

1.898 30
2.012 20
2.132 93
2.260 90
2.396 56

16
17
18
19
20

( Ia )n

( Da) n

0.943 4
1.833 4
2.673 0
3.465 1
4.212 4

0.943 4
2.723 4
5.242 2
8.410 6
12.146 9

0.943 4
2.776 8
5.449 8
8.914 9
13.127 3

1
2
3
4
5

6.975 3
8.393 8
9.897 5
11.491 3
13.180 8

4.917 3
5.582 4
6.209 8
6.801 7
7.360 1

16.376 7
21.032 1
26.051 4
31.378 5
36.962 4

18.044 6
23.627 0
29.836 8
36.638 5
43.998 5

6
7
8
9
10

0.526 79
0.496 97
0.468 84
0.442 30
0.417 27

14.971 6
16.869 9
18.882 1
21.015 1
23.276 0

7.886 9
8.383 8
8.852 7
9.295 0
9.712 2

42.757 1
48.720 7
54.815 6
61.007 8
67.266 8

51.885 4
60.269 3
69.122 0
78.416 9
88.129 2

11
12
13
14
15

2.540 35
2.692 77
2.854 34
3.025 60
3.207 14

0.393 65
0.371 36
0.350 34
0.330 51
0.311 80

25.672 5
28.212 9
30.905 7
33.760 0
36.785 6

10.105 9
10.477 3
10.827 6
11.158 1
11.469 9

73.565 1
79.878 3
86.184 5
92.464 3
98.700 4

98.235 1
108.712 3
119.539 9
130.698 1
142.168 0

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

3.399 56
3.603 54
3.819 75
4.048 93
4.291 87

0.294 16
0.277 51
0.261 80
0.246 98
0.233 00

39.992 7
43.392 3
46.995 8
50.815 6
54.864 5

11.764 1
12.041 6
12.303 4
12.550 4
12.783 4

104.877 6
110.982 7
117.004 1
122.931 6
128.756 5

153.932 1
165.973 6
178.277 0
190.827 4
203.610 7

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

4.549 38
4.822 35
5.111 69
5.418 39
5.743 49

0.219 81
0.207 37
0.195 63
0.184 56
0.174 11

59.156 4
63.705 8
68.528 1
73.639 8
79.058 2

13.003 2
13.210 5
13.406 2
13.590 7
13.764 8

134.471 6
140.070 5
145.548 2
150.900 3
156.123 6

216.613 9
229.824 4
243.230 6
256.821 3
270.586 1

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

6.088 10
6.453 39
6.840 59
7.251 03
7.686 09

0.164 25
0.154 96
0.146 19
0.137 91
0.130 11

84.801 7
90.889 8
97.343 2
104.183 8
111.434 8

13.929 1
14.084 0
14.230 2
14.368 1
14.498 2

161.215 5
166.174 2
170.998 3
175.687 3
180.241 0

284.515 2
298.599 3
312.829 5
327.197 6
341.695 9

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

8.147 25
8.636 09
9.154 25
9.703 51
10.285 72

0.122 74
0.115 79
0.109 24
0.103 06
0.097 22

119.120 9
127.268 1
135.904 2
145.058 5
154.762 0

14.621 0
14.736 8
14.846 0
14.949 1
15.046 3

184.659 6
188.944 0
193.095 1
197.114 2
201.003 1

356.316 9
371.053 7
385.899 7
400.848 8
415.895 1

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

10.902 86
11.557 03
12.250 45
12.985 48
13.764 61

0.091 72
0.086 53
0.081 63
0.077 01
0.072 65

165.047 7
175.950 5
187.507 6
199.758 0
212.743 5

15.138 0
15.224 5
15.306 2
15.383 2
15.455 8

204.763 6
208.397 8
211.907 8
215.296 2
218.565 5

431.033 1
446.257 6
461.563 8
476.947 0
492.402 8

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

14.590 49
15.465 92
16.393 87
17.377 50
18.420 15

0.068 54
0.064 66
0.061 00
0.057 55
0.054 29

226.508 1
241.098 6
256.564 5
272.958 4
290.335 9

15.524 4
15.589 0
15.650 0
15.707 6
15.761 9

221.718 2
224.757 2
227.685 1
230.504 8
233.219 2

507.927 2
523.516 2
539.166 2
554.873 8
570.635 7

46
47
48
49
50

60 32.987 69 0.030 31
533.128 2
70 59.075 93 0.016 93
967.932 2
80 105.795 99 0.009 45 1 746.599 9
90 189.464 51 0.005 28 3 141.075 2
100 339.302 08 0.002 95 5 638.368 1

16.161 4
16.384 5
16.509 1
16.578 7
16.617 5

255.204 2
730.642 9 60
269.711 7
893.590 9 70
279.058 4 1 058.181 2 80
284.973 3 1 223.688 3 90
288.664 6 1 389.707 6 100

sn

an

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.070 00
1.144 90
1.225 04
1.310 80
1.402 55

0.934 58
0.873 44
0.816 30
0.762 90
0.712 99

1.000 0
2.070 0
3.214 9
4.439 9
5.750 7

0.934 6
1.808 0
2.624 3
3.387 2
4.100 2

0.934 6
2.681 5
5.130 4
8.181 9
11.746 9

0.934 6
2.742 6
5.366 9
8.754 1
12.854 3

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.500 73
1.605 78
1.718 19
1.838 46
1.967 15

0.666 34
0.622 75
0.582 01
0.543 93
0.508 35

7.153 3
8.654 0
10.259 8
11.978 0
13.816 4

4.766 5
5.389 3
5.971 3
6.515 2
7.023 6

15.744 9
20.104 2
24.760 2
29.655 6
34.739 1

17.620 9
23.010 2
28.981 4
35.496 7
42.520 3

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

2.104 85
2.252 19
2.409 85
2.578 53
2.759 03

0.475 09
0.444 01
0.414 96
0.387 82
0.362 45

15.783 6
17.888 5
20.140 6
22.550 5
25.129 0

7.498 7
7.942 7
8.357 7
8.745 5
9.107 9

39.965 2
45.293 3
50.687 8
56.117 3
61.554 0

50.018 9
57.961 6
66.319 3
75.064 7
84.172 7

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

2.952 16
3.158 82
3.379 93
3.616 53
3.869 68

0.338 73
0.316 57
0.295 86
0.276 51
0.258 42

27.888 1 9.446 6
30.840 2 9.763 2
33.999 0 10.059 1
37.379 0 10.335 6
40.995 5 10.594 0

66.973 7
72.355 5
77.681 0
82.934 7
88.103 1

93.619 3
103.382 5
113.441 6
123.777 2
134.371 2

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

4.140 56
4.430 40
4.740 53
5.072 37
5.427 43

0.241 51
0.225 71
0.210 95
0.197 15
0.184 25

44.865 2
49.005 7
53.436 1
58.176 7
63.249 0

10.835 5 93.174 8
11.061 2 98.140 5
11.272 2 102.992 3
11.469 3 107.723 8
11.653 6 112.330 1

145.206 8
156.268 0
167.540 2
179.009 5
190.663 1

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

5.807 35
6.213 87
6.648 84
7.114 26
7.612 26

0.172 20
0.160 93
0.150 40
0.140 56
0.131 37

68.676 5
74.483 8
80.697 7
87.346 5
94.460 8

11.825 8
11.986 7
12.137 1
12.277 7
12.409 0

116.807 1
121.152 3
125.363 5
129.439 9
133.380 9

202.488 9
214.475 6
226.612 7
238.890 4
251.299 4

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

8.145 11
8.715 27
9.325 34
9.978 11
10.676 58

0.122 77
0.114 74
0.107 23
0.100 22
0.093 66

102.073 0
110.218 2
118.933 4
128.258 8
138.236 9

12.531 8
12.646 6
12.753 8
12.854 0
12.947 7

137.186 8
140.858 5
144.397 3
147.804 7
151.082 9

263.831 2
276.477 8
289.231 6
302.085 6
315.033 3

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

11.423 94
12.223 62
13.079 27
13.994 82
14.974 46

0.087 54
0.081 81
0.076 46
0.071 46
0.066 78

148.913 5
160.337 4
172.561 0
185.640 3
199.635 1

13.035 2
13.117 0
13.193 5
13.264 9
13.331 7

154.234 2
157.261 2
160.166 5
162.953 3
165.624 5

328.068 5
341.185 5
354.379 0
367.643 9
380.975 6

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

16.022 67
17.144 26
18.344 35
19.628 46
21.002 45

0.062 41
0.058 33
0.054 51
0.050 95
0.047 61

214.609 6
230.632 2
247.776 5
266.120 9
285.749 3

13.394 1
13.452 4
13.507 0
13.557 9
13.605 5

168.183 3
170.633 1
172.977 2
175.218 8
177.361 4

394.369 7
407.822 2
421.329 1
434.887 0
448.492 5

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

22.472 62
24.045 71
25.728 91
27.529 93
29.457 03

0.044 50
0.041 59
0.038 87
0.036 32
0.033 95

306.751 8
329.224 4
353.270 1
378.999 0
406.528 9

13.650 0
13.691 6
13.730 5
13.766 8
13.800 7

179.408 4
181.363 0
183.228 6
185.008 5
186.705 9

462.142 6
475.834 2
489.564 7
503.331 4
517.132 2

46
47
48
49
50

60
70
80
90
100

57.946 43
113.989 39
224.234 39
441.102 98
867.716 33

0.017 26
813.520 4
0.008 77 1 614.134 2
0.004 46 3 189.062 7
0.002 27 6 287.185 4
0.001 15 12 381.661 8

14.039 2
14.160 4
14.222 0
14.253 3
14.269 3

199.806 9
656.583 1 60
207.678 9
797.708 7 70
212.296 8
939.685 6 80
214.957 5 1 082.095 3 90
216.469 3 1 224.725 0 100

7%
i

0.070 000

(2)

0.068 816

(4)

0.068 234

(12)

0.067 850

0.067 659

(1 + i )1 2 1.034 408
(1 + i )1 4 1.017 059
(1 + i )1/12 1.005 654
v

0.934 579

12

0.966 736

14

0.983 228

1 12

0.994 378

v
v
v

0.065 421
(2)

0.066 527

d (4)

0.067 090

(12)

0.067 468

i / i (2)

1.017 204

i / i (4)

1.025 880

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.031 691
1.034 605

i / d (2)

1.052 204

(4)

1.043 380

i/d

i / d (12)

1.037 525

59

Compound Interest
8%
i

0.080 000
(2)

0.078 461

i (4)

0.077 706

i
i

(12)

0.077 208

0.076 961

(1 + i )1 2 1.039 230
(1 + i )1 4 1.019 427
(1 + i )1/12 1.006 434
v

0.925 926

12

0.962 250

14

0.980 944

v1 12

0.993 607

0.074 074

(2)

0.075 499

d (4)

0.076 225

d (12)

0.076 715

i / i (2)

1.019 615

i / i (4)

1.029 519

i / i (12)

1.036 157

i/d

1.039 487

i/d

(2)

1.059 615

i/d

(4)

1.049 519

i / d (12)

1.042 824

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.080 00
1.166 40
1.259 71
1.360 49
1.469 33

0.925 93
0.857 34
0.793 83
0.735 03
0.680 58

1.000 0
2.080 0
3.246 4
4.506 1
5.866 6

0.925 9
1.783 3
2.577 1
3.312 1
3.992 7

0.925 9
2.640 6
5.022 1
7.962 2
11.365 1

0.925 9
2.709 2
5.286 3
8.598 4
12.591 1

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.586 87
1.713 82
1.850 93
1.999 00
2.158 92

0.630 17
0.583 49
0.540 27
0.500 25
0.463 19

7.335 9
8.922 8
10.636 6
12.487 6
14.486 6

4.622 9
5.206 4
5.746 6
6.246 9
6.710 1

15.146 2
19.230 6
23.552 7
28.055 0
32.686 9

17.214 0
22.420 4
28.167 0
34.413 9
41.124 0

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

2.331 64
2.518 17
2.719 62
2.937 19
3.172 17

0.428 88
0.397 11
0.367 70
0.340 46
0.315 24

16.645 5
18.977 1
21.495 3
24.214 9
27.152 1

7.139 0
7.536 1
7.903 8
8.244 2
8.559 5

37.404 6
42.170 0
46.950 1
51.716 5
56.445 1

48.262 9
55.799 0
63.702 8
71.947 0
80.506 5

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

3.425 94
3.700 02
3.996 02
4.315 70
4.660 96

0.291 89
0.270 27
0.250 25
0.231 71
0.214 55

30.324 3
33.750 2
37.450 2
41.446 3
45.762 0

8.851 4
9.121 6
9.371 9
9.603 6
9.818 1

61.115 4
65.710 0
70.214 4
74.617 0
78.907 9

89.357 9
98.479 5
107.851 4
117.455 0
127.273 2

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

5.033 83
5.436 54
5.871 46
6.341 18
6.848 48

0.198 66
0.183 94
0.170 32
0.157 70
0.146 02

50.422 9
55.456 8
60.893 3
66.764 8
73.105 9

10.016 8
10.200 7
10.371 1
10.528 8
10.674 8

83.079 7
87.126 4
91.043 7
94.828 4
98.478 9

137.290 0
147.490 7
157.861 8
168.390 5
179.065 3

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

7.396 35
7.988 06
8.627 11
9.317 27
10.062 66

0.135 20
0.125 19
0.115 91
0.107 33
0.099 38

79.954 4
87.350 8
95.338 8
103.965 9
113.283 2

10.810 0
10.935 2
11.051 1
11.158 4
11.257 8

101.994 1
105.374 2
108.619 8
111.732 3
114.713 6

189.875 3
200.810 4
211.861 5
223.019 9
234.277 7

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

10.867 67
11.737 08
12.676 05
13.690 13
14.785 34

0.092 02
0.085 20
0.078 89
0.073 05
0.067 63

123.345 9
134.213 5
145.950 6
158.626 7
172.316 8

11.349 8
11.435 0
11.513 9
11.586 9
11.654 6

117.566 1
120.292 5
122.895 8
125.379 3
127.746 6

245.627 5
257.062 5
268.576 4
280.163 3
291.817 9

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

15.968 17
17.245 63
18.625 28
20.115 30
21.724 52

0.062 62
0.057 99
0.053 69
0.049 71
0.046 03

187.102 1
203.070 3
220.315 9
238.941 2
259.056 5

11.717 2
11.775 2
11.828 9
11.878 6
11.924 6

130.001 0
132.146 5
134.186 8
136.125 6
137.966 8

303.535 1
315.310 3
327.139 1
339.017 7
350.942 3

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

23.462 48
25.339 48
27.366 64
29.555 97
31.920 45

0.042 62
0.039 46
0.036 54
0.033 83
0.031 33

280.781 0
304.243 5
329.583 0
356.949 6
386.505 6

11.967 2
12.006 7
12.043 2
12.077 1
12.108 4

139.714 3
141.371 8
142.943 0
144.431 7
145.841 5

362.909 6
374.916 3
386.959 5
399.036 6
411.145 0

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

34.474 09
37.232 01
40.210 57
43.427 42
46.901 61

0.029 01
0.026 86
0.024 87
0.023 03
0.021 32

418.426 1
452.900 2
490.132 2
530.342 7
573.770 2

12.137 4
12.164 3
12.189 1
12.212 2
12.233 5

147.175 8
148.438 2
149.631 9
150.760 2
151.826 3

423.282 4
435.446 7
447.635 8
459.848 0
472.081 4

46
47
48
49
50

0.009 88 1 253.213 3
0.004 57 2 720.080 1
0.002 12 5 886.935 4
0.000 98 12 723.938 6
0.000 45 27 484.515 7

12.376 6
12.442 8
12.473 5
12.487 7
12.494 3

159.676 6
595.293 1 60
163.975 4
719.464 8 70
166.273 6
844.081 1 80
167.480 3
968.903 3 90
168.105 0 1 093.821 0 100

60
101.257 06
70
218.606 41
80
471.954 83
90 1 018.915 09
100 2 199.761 26

60

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.090 00
1.188 10
1.295 03
1.411 58
1.538 62

0.917 43
0.841 68
0.772 18
0.708 43
0.649 93

1.000 0
2.090 0
3.278 1
4.573 1
5.984 7

0.917 4
1.759 1
2.531 3
3.239 7
3.889 7

0.917 4
2.600 8
4.917 3
7.751 0
11.000 7

0.917 4
2.676 5
5.207 8
8.447 6
12.337 2

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

1.677 10
1.828 04
1.992 56
2.171 89
2.367 36

0.596 27
0.547 03
0.501 87
0.460 43
0.422 41

7.523 3
9.200 4
11.028 5
13.021 0
15.192 9

4.485 9
5.033 0
5.534 8
5.995 2
6.417 7

14.578 3
18.407 5
22.422 5
26.566 3
30.790 4

16.823 1
21.856 1
27.390 9
33.386 1
39.803 8

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

2.580 43
2.812 66
3.065 80
3.341 73
3.642 48

0.387 53
0.355 53
0.326 18
0.299 25
0.274 54

17.560 3
20.140 7
22.953 4
26.019 2
29.360 9

6.805 2
7.160 7
7.486 9
7.786 2
8.060 7

35.053 3
39.319 7
43.560 0
47.749 5
51.867 6

46.609 0
53.769 7
61.256 6
69.042 8
77.103 5

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

3.970 31
4.327 63
4.717 12
5.141 66
5.604 41

0.251 87
0.231 07
0.211 99
0.194 49
0.178 43

33.003 4
36.973 7
41.301 3
46.018 5
51.160 1

8.312 6
8.543 6
8.755 6
8.950 1
9.128 5

55.897 5 85.416 0
59.825 7 93.959 7
63.641 6 102.715 3
67.336 9 111.665 4
70.905 5 120.793 9

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

6.108 81
6.658 60
7.257 87
7.911 08
8.623 08

0.163 70
0.150 18
0.137 78
0.126 40
0.115 97

56.764 5
62.873 3
69.531 9
76.789 8
84.700 9

9.292 2
9.442 4
9.580 2
9.706 6
9.822 6

74.343 2
77.647 2
80.816 2
83.849 9
86.749 1

130.086 2
139.528 6
149.108 8
158.815 4
168.638 0

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

9.399 16
10.245 08
11.167 14
12.172 18
13.267 68

0.106 39
0.097 61
0.089 55
0.082 15
0.075 37

93.324 0
102.723 1
112.968 2
124.135 4
136.307 5

9.929 0
10.026 6
10.116 1
10.198 3
10.273 7

89.515 3
92.150 7
94.658 0
97.040 5
99.301 7

178.567 0
188.593 6
198.709 7
208.908 0
219.181 6

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

14.461 77
15.763 33
17.182 03
18.728 41
20.413 97

0.069 15
0.063 44
0.058 20
0.053 39
0.048 99

149.575 2
164.037 0
179.800 3
196.982 3
215.710 8

10.342 8
10.406 2
10.464 4
10.517 8
10.566 8

101.445 2
103.475 3
105.395 9
107.211 3
108.925 8

229.524 4
239.930 7
250.395 1
260.912 9
271.479 8

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

22.251 23
24.253 84
26.436 68
28.815 98
31.409 42

0.044 94
0.041 23
0.037 83
0.034 70
0.031 84

236.124 7
258.375 9
282.629 8
309.066 5
337.882 4

10.611 8
10.653 0
10.690 8
10.725 5
10.757 4

110.543 7
112.069 2
113.506 6
114.860 0
116.133 5

282.091 5
292.744 5
303.435 3
314.160 9
324.918 2

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

34.236 27
37.317 53
40.676 11
44.336 96
48.327 29

0.029 21
0.026 80
0.024 58
0.022 55
0.020 69

369.291 9
403.528 1
440.845 7
481.521 8
525.858 7

10.786 6
10.813 4
10.838 0
10.860 5
10.881 2

117.331 1
118.456 6
119.513 7
120.506 1
121.437 3

335.704 8
346.518 2
357.356 1
368.216 6
379.097 8

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

52.676 74
57.417 65
62.585 24
68.217 91
74.357 52

0.018 98
0.017 42
0.015 98
0.014 66
0.013 45

574.186 0
626.862 8
684.280 4
746.865 6
815.083 6

10.900 2
10.917 6
10.933 6
10.948 2
10.961 7

122.310 5
123.129 1
123.896 0
124.614 3
125.286 7

389.998 0
400.915 6
411.849 2
422.797 4
433.759 1

46
47
48
49
50

0.005 68 1 944.792 1
0.002 40 4 619.223 2
0.001 01 10 950.574 1
0.000 43 25 939.184 2
0.000 18 61 422.675 5

11.048 0
11.084 4
11.099 8
11.106 4
11.109 1

130.016 2
132.378 6
133.530 5
134.082 1
134.342 6

543.911 2 60
654.617 2 70
765.557 2 80
876.596 1 90
987.676 6 100

60
176.031 29
70
416.730 09
80
986.551 67
90 2 335.526 58
100 5 529.040 79

9%
i

0.090 000

(2)

0.088 061

(4)

0.087 113

(12)

0.086 488

0.086 178

(1 + i )1 2 1.044 031
(1 + i )1 4 1.021 778
(1 + i )1/12 1.007 207
v

0.917 431

12

0.957 826

14

0.978 686

1 12

0.992 844

v
v
v

0.082 569
(2)

0.084 347

d (4)

0.085 256

(12)

0.085 869

i / i (2)

1.022 015

i / i (4)

1.033 144

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.040 608
1.044 354

i / d (2)

1.067 015

(4)

1.055 644

i/d

i / d (12)

1.048 108

61

Compound Interest
10%
i

0.100 000
(2)

0.097 618

i (4)

0.096 455

i
i

(12)

0.095 690

0.095 310

(1 + i )1 2 1.048 809
(1 + i )1 4 1.024 114
(1 + i )1/12 1.007 974
v

0.909 091

12

0.953 463

14

0.976 454

v1 12

0.992 089

0.090 909

(2)

0.093 075

d (4)

0.094 184

d (12)

0.094 933

i / i (2)

1.024 404

i / i (4)

1.036 756

i / i (12)

1.045 045

i/d

1.049 206

i/d

(2)

1.074 404

i/d

(4)

1.061 756

i / d (12)

1.053 378

(1 + i )n

vn

1
2
3
4
5

1.100 00
1.210 00
1.331 00
1.464 10
1.610 51

0.909 09
0.826 45
0.751 31
0.683 01
0.620 92

6
7
8
9
10

1.771 56
1.948 72
2.143 59
2.357 95
2.593 74

11
12
13
14
15

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1.000 0
2.100 0
3.310 0
4.641 0
6.105 1

0.909 1
1.735 5
2.486 9
3.169 9
3.790 8

0.909 1
2.562 0
4.815 9
7.548 0
10.652 6

0.909 1
2.644 6
5.131 5
8.301 3
12.092 1

1
2
3
4
5

0.564 47
0.513 16
0.466 51
0.424 10
0.385 54

7.715 6
9.487 2
11.435 9
13.579 5
15.937 4

4.355 3
4.868 4
5.334 9
5.759 0
6.144 6

14.039 4
17.631 5
21.363 6
25.180 5
29.035 9

16.447 4
21.315 8
26.650 7
32.409 8
38.554 3

6
7
8
9
10

2.853 12
3.138 43
3.452 27
3.797 50
4.177 25

0.350 49
0.318 63
0.289 66
0.263 33
0.239 39

18.531 2
21.384 3
24.522 7
27.975 0
31.772 5

6.495 1
6.813 7
7.103 4
7.366 7
7.606 1

32.891 3
36.714 9
40.480 5
44.167 2
47.758 1

45.049 4
51.863 1
58.966 4
66.333 1
73.939 2

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

4.594 97
5.054 47
5.559 92
6.115 91
6.727 50

0.217 63
0.197 84
0.179 86
0.163 51
0.148 64

35.949 7
40.544 7
45.599 2
51.159 1
57.275 0

7.823 7
8.021 6
8.201 4
8.364 9
8.513 6

51.240 1 81.762 9
54.603 5 89.784 5
57.841 0 97.985 9
60.947 6 106.350 8
63.920 5 114.864 4

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

7.400 25
8.140 27
8.954 30
9.849 73
10.834 71

0.135 13
0.122 85
0.111 68
0.101 53
0.092 30

64.002 5
71.402 7
79.543 0
88.497 3
98.347 1

8.648 7
8.771 5
8.883 2
8.984 7
9.077 0

66.758 2
69.460 8
72.029 4
74.466 0
76.773 4

123.513 1
132.284 6
141.167 8
150.152 6
159.229 6

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

11.918 18
13.109 99
14.420 99
15.863 09
17.449 40

0.083 91
0.076 28
0.069 34
0.063 04
0.057 31

109.181 8
121.099 9
134.209 9
148.630 9
164.494 0

9.160 9
9.237 2
9.306 6
9.369 6
9.426 9

78.955 0
81.014 5
82.956 1
84.784 2
86.503 5

168.390 5
177.627 8
186.934 3
196.303 9
205.730 9

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

19.194 34
21.113 78
23.225 15
25.547 67
28.102 44

0.052 10
0.047 36
0.043 06
0.039 14
0.035 58

181.943 4
201.137 8
222.251 5
245.476 7
271.024 4

9.479 0
9.526 4
9.569 4
9.608 6
9.644 2

88.118 6
89.634 2
91.055 0
92.385 9
93.631 3

215.209 9
224.736 2
234.305 7
243.914 3
253.558 4

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

30.912 68
34.003 95
37.404 34
41.144 78
45.259 26

0.032 35
0.029 41
0.026 73
0.024 30
0.022 09

299.126 8
330.039 5
364.043 4
401.447 8
442.592 6

9.676 5
9.705 9
9.732 7
9.757 0
9.779 1

94.795 9
95.884 0
96.899 9
97.847 8
98.731 6

263.234 9
272.940 8
282.673 5
292.430 4
302.209 5

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

49.785 18
54.763 70
60.240 07
66.264 08
72.890 48

0.020 09
0.018 26
0.016 60
0.015 09
0.013 72

487.851 8
537.637 0
592.400 7
652.640 8
718.904 8

9.799 1
9.817 4
9.834 0
9.849 1
9.862 8

99.555 1
100.322 1
101.035 9
101.699 9
102.317 2

312.008 6
321.826 0
331.660 0
341.509 1
351.371 9

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

80.179 53
88.197 49
97.017 23
106.718 96
117.390 85

0.012 47
0.011 34
0.010 31
0.009 37
0.008 52

791.795 3
871.974 9
960.172 3
1 057.189 6
1 163.908 5

9.875 3
9.886 6
9.896 9
9.906 3
9.914 8

102.891 0
103.423 8
103.918 6
104.377 8
104.803 7

361.247 2
371.133 8
381.030 7
390.937 0
400.851 9

46
47
48
49
50

0.003 28
3 034.816 4
0.001 27
7 887.469 6
0.000 49 20 474.002 1
0.000 19 53 120.226 1
0.000 07 137 796.123 4

9.967 2
9.987 3
9.995 1
9.998 1
9.999 3

107.668 2
108.974 4
109.555 8
109.809 9
109.919 5

500.328 4 60
600.126 6 70
700.048 8 80
800.018 8 90
900.007 3 100

60
304.481 64
70
789.746 96
80 2 048.400 21
90 5 313.022 61
100 13 780.612 34

62

sn

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

vn

1
2
3
4
5

1.120 00
1.254 40
1.404 93
1.573 52
1.762 34

0.892 86
0.797 19
0.711 78
0.635 52
0.567 43

1.000 0
2.120 0
3.374 4
4.779 3
6.352 8

6
7
8
9
10

1.973 82
2.210 68
2.475 96
2.773 08
3.105 85

0.506 63
0.452 35
0.403 88
0.360 61
0.321 97

11
12
13
14
15

3.478 55
3.895 98
4.363 49
4.887 11
5.473 57

16
17
18
19
20

6.130 39
6.866 04
7.689 97
8.612 76
9.646 29

( Da) n

0.892 9 0.892 9
1.690 1 2.487 2
2.401 8 4.622 6
3.037 3 7.164 7
3.604 8 10.001 8

0.892 9
2.582 9
4.984 7
8.022 1
11.626 9

1
2
3
4
5

8.115 2
10.089 0
12.299 7
14.775 7
17.548 7

4.111 4
4.563 8
4.967 6
5.328 2
5.650 2

13.041 6
16.208 0
19.439 1
22.684 6
25.904 3

15.738 3
20.302 0
25.269 7
30.597 9
36.248 1

6
7
8
9
10

0.287 48
0.256 68
0.229 17
0.204 62
0.182 70

20.654 6
24.133 1
28.029 1
32.392 6
37.279 7

5.937 7
6.194 4
6.423 5
6.628 2
6.810 9

29.066 5
32.146 7
35.125 9
37.990 6
40.731 0

42.185 8
48.380 2
54.803 8
61.431 9
68.242 8

11
12
13
14
15

0.163 12
0.145 64
0.130 04
0.116 11
0.103 67

42.753 3
48.883 7
55.749 7
63.439 7
72.052 4

6.974 0
7.119 6
7.249 7
7.365 8
7.469 4

43.341 0 75.216 8
45.816 9 82.336 4
48.157 6 89.586 1
50.363 7 96.951 9
52.437 0 104.421 3

16
17
18
19
20

sn

an

( Ia )n

21
22
23
24
25

10.803 85
12.100 31
13.552 35
15.178 63
17.000 06

0.092 56
0.082 64
0.073 79
0.065 88
0.058 82

81.698 7
92.502 6
104.602 9
118.155 2
133.333 9

7.562 0
7.644 6
7.718 4
7.784 3
7.843 1

54.380 8
56.198 9
57.896 0
59.477 2
60.947 8

111.983 3
119.628 0
127.346 4
135.130 7
142.973 8

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

19.040 07
21.324 88
23.883 87
26.749 93
29.959 92

0.052 52
0.046 89
0.041 87
0.037 38
0.033 38

150.333 9
169.374 0
190.698 9
214.582 8
241.332 7

7.895 7
7.942 6
7.984 4
8.021 8
8.055 2

62.313 3
63.579 4
64.751 8
65.835 9
66.837 2

150.869 5
158.812 1
166.796 5
174.818 3
182.873 5

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

33.555 11
37.581 73
42.091 53
47.142 52
52.799 62

0.029 80
0.026 61
0.023 76
0.021 21
0.018 94

271.292 6
304.847 7
342.429 4
384.521 0
431.663 5

8.085 0
8.111 6
8.135 4
8.156 6
8.175 5

67.761 1
68.612 6
69.396 6
70.117 8
70.780 7

190.958 5
199.070 0
207.205 4
215.362 0
223.537 5

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

59.135 57
66.231 84
74.179 66
83.081 22
93.050 97

0.016 91
0.015 10
0.013 48
0.012 04
0.010 75

484.463 1
543.598 7
609.830 5
684.010 2
767.091 4

8.192 4
8.207 5
8.221 0
8.233 0
8.243 8

71.389 4
71.948 1
72.460 4
72.929 8
73.359 6

231.729 9
239.937 4
248.158 4
256.391 4
264.635 2

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

104.217 09
116.723 14
130.729 91
146.417 50
163.987 60

0.009 60
0.008 57
0.007 65
0.006 83
0.006 10

860.142 4
964.359 5
1 081.082 6
1 211.812 5
1 358.230 0

8.253 4
8.261 9
8.269 6
8.276 4
8.282 5

73.753 1
74.112 9
74.441 8
74.742 3
75.016 7

272.888 6
281.150 5
289.420 1
297.696 5
305.979 0

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

183.666 12
205.706 05
230.390 78
258.037 67
289.002 19

0.005 44
0.004 86
0.004 34
0.003 88
0.003 46

1 522.217 6
1 705.883 8
1 911.589 8
2 141.980 6
2 400.018 2

8.288 0
8.292 8
8.297 2
8.301 0
8.304 5

75.267 2
75.495 7
75.704 0
75.893 9
76.066 9

314.267 0
322.559 8
330.857 0
339.158 0
347.462 5

46
47
48
49
50

0.001 11
7 471.641 1
0.000 36 23 223.331 9
0.000 12 72 145.692 5
0.000 04 224 091.118 5
0.000 01 696 010.547 7

8.324 0
8.330 3
8.332 4
8.333 0
8.333 2

77.134 1
77.540 6
77.691 8
77.747 0
77.766 9

430.632 9 60
513.913 8 70
597.230 2 80
680.558 1 90
763.889 7 100

60
897.596 93
70 2 787.799 83
80 8 658.483 10
90 26 891.934 22
100 83 522.265 73

12%
i

0.120 000

(2)

0.116 601

(4)

0.114 949

(12)

0.113 866

0.113 329

(1 + i )1 2 1.058 301
(1 + i )1 4 1.028 737
(1 + i )1/12 1.009 489
v

0.892 857

12

0.944 911

14

0.972 065

1 12

0.990 600

v
v
v

0.107 143
(2)

0.110 178

d (4)

0.111 738

(12)

0.112 795

i / i (2)

1.029 150

i / i (4)

1.043 938

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.053 875
1.058 867

i / d (2)

1.089 150

(4)

1.073 938

i/d

i / d (12)

1.063 875

63

Compound Interest
15%
i

0.150 000
(2)

0.144 761

i (4)

0.142 232

i
i

(12)

0.140 579

0.139 762

(1 + i )1 2

1.072 381

(1 + i )1 4

1.035 558

1/12

(1 + i )

1.011 715

0.869 565

12

0.932 505

14

0.965 663

v1 12

0.988 421

0.130 435

(2)

0.134 990

d (4)

0.137 348

d (12)

0.138 951

i / i (2)

1.036 190

i / i (4)

1.054 613

i / i (12)

1.067 016

i/d

1.073 254

i/d

(2)

1.111 190

i/d

(4)

1.092 113

i / d (12)

64

1.079 516

(1 + i )n

vn

1
2
3
4
5

1.150 00
1.322 50
1.520 88
1.749 01
2.011 36

0.869 57
0.756 14
0.657 52
0.571 75
0.497 18

1.000 0
2.150 0
3.472 5
4.993 4
6.742 4

6
7
8
9
10

2.313 06
2.660 02
3.059 02
3.517 88
4.045 56

0.432 33
0.375 94
0.326 90
0.284 26
0.247 18

11
12
13
14
15

4.652 39
5.350 25
6.152 79
7.075 71
8.137 06

16
17
18
19
20

( Ia )n

( Da) n

0.869 6
1.625 7
2.283 2
2.855 0
3.352 2

0.869 6
2.381 9
4.354 4
6.641 4
9.127 3

0.869 6
2.495 3
4.778 5
7.633 5
10.985 6

1
2
3
4
5

8.753 7
11.066 8
13.726 8
16.785 8
20.303 7

3.784 5
4.160 4
4.487 3
4.771 6
5.018 8

11.721 3
14.352 8
16.968 0
19.526 4
21.998 2

14.770 1
18.930 5
23.417 9
28.189 4
33.208 2

6
7
8
9
10

0.214 94
0.186 91
0.162 53
0.141 33
0.122 89

24.349 3
29.001 7
34.351 9
40.504 7
47.580 4

5.233 7
5.420 6
5.583 1
5.724 5
5.847 4

24.362 6
26.605 5
28.718 4
30.697 0
32.540 4

38.441 9
43.862 5
49.445 7
55.170 2
61.017 5

11
12
13
14
15

9.357 62
10.761 26
12.375 45
14.231 77
16.366 54

0.106 86
0.092 93
0.080 81
0.070 27
0.061 10

55.717 5
65.075 1
75.836 4
88.211 8
102.443 6

5.954 2
6.047 2
6.128 0
6.198 2
6.259 3

34.250 2
35.830 0
37.284 5
38.619 5
39.841 5

66.971 8
73.018 9
79.146 9
85.345 1
91.604 5

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

18.821 52
21.644 75
24.891 46
28.625 18
32.918 95

0.053 13
0.046 20
0.040 17
0.034 93
0.030 38

118.810 1
137.631 6
159.276 4
184.167 8
212.793 0

6.312 5
6.358 7
6.398 8
6.433 8
6.464 1

40.957 2
41.973 7
42.897 7
43.736 1
44.495 5

97.916 9
104.275 6
110.674 4
117.108 2
123.572 3

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

37.856 80
43.535 31
50.065 61
57.575 45
66.211 77

0.026 42
0.022 97
0.019 97
0.017 37
0.015 10

245.712 0
283.568 8
327.104 1
377.169 7
434.745 1

6.490 6
6.513 5
6.533 5
6.550 9
6.566 0

45.182 3
45.802 5
46.361 8
46.865 5
47.318 6

130.062 9
136.576 4
143.109 9
149.660 8
156.226 8

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

76.143 54
87.565 07
100.699 83
115.804 80
133.175 52

0.013 13
0.011 42
0.009 93
0.008 64
0.007 51

500.956 9
577.100 5
664.665 5
765.365 4
881.170 2

6.579 1
6.590 5
6.600 5
6.609 1
6.616 6

47.725 7
48.091 1
48.418 8
48.712 4
48.975 2

162.805 9
169.396 4
175.996 9
182.606 0
189.222 6

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

153.151 85
176.124 63
202.543 32
232.924 82
267.863 55

0.006 53
0.005 68
0.004 94
0.004 29
0.003 73

1 014.345 7
1 167.497 5
1 343.622 2
1 546.165 5
1 779.090 3

6.623 1
6.628 8
6.633 8
6.638 0
6.641 8

49.210 3
49.420 4
49.608 0
49.775 4
49.924 8

195.845 8
202.474 6
209.108 3
215.746 4
222.388 1

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

308.043 08
354.249 54
407.386 97
468.495 02
538.769 27

0.003 25
0.002 82
0.002 45
0.002 13
0.001 86

2 046.953 9
2 354.996 9
2 709.246 5
3 116.633 4
3 585.128 5

6.645 0
6.647 8
6.650 3
6.652 4
6.654 3

50.057 9
50.176 4
50.282 0
50.375 9
50.459 4

229.033 2
235.681 0
242.331 3
248.983 8
255.638 0

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

619.584 66
712.522 36
819.400 71
942.310 82
1 083.657 44

0.001 61
0.001 40
0.001 22
0.001 06
0.000 92

4 123.897 7
4 743.482 4
5 456.004 7
6 275.405 5
7 217.716 3

6.655 9
6.657 3
6.658 5
6.659 6
6.660 5

50.533 7
50.599 6
50.658 2
50.710 2
50.756 3

262.294 0
268.951 3
275.609 8
282.269 4
288.929 9

46
47
48
49
50

sn

an

Compound Interest
n

(1 + i )n

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

( Da) n

1
2
3
4
5

1.200 00
1.440 00
1.728 00
2.073 60
2.488 32

0.833 33
0.694 44
0.578 70
0.482 25
0.401 88

1.000 0
2.200 0
3.640 0
5.368 0
7.441 6

0.833 3
1.527 8
2.106 5
2.588 7
2.990 6

0.833 3
2.222 2
3.958 3
5.887 3
7.896 7

0.833 3
2.361 1
4.467 6
7.056 3
10.046 9

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

2.985 98
3.583 18
4.299 82
5.159 78
6.191 74

0.334 90
0.279 08
0.232 57
0.193 81
0.161 51

9.929 9
12.915 9
16.499 1
20.798 9
25.958 7

3.325 5
3.604 6
3.837 2
4.031 0
4.192 5

9.906 1
11.859 7
13.720 2
15.464 5
17.079 6

13.372 4 6
16.977 0 7
20.814 2 8
24.845 2 9
29.037 6 10

11
12
13
14
15

7.430 08
8.916 10
10.699 32
12.839 18
15.407 02

0.134 59
0.112 16
0.093 46
0.077 89
0.064 91

32.150 4
39.580 5
48.496 6
59.195 9
72.035 1

4.327 1
4.439 2
4.532 7
4.610 6
4.675 5

18.560 0
19.905 9
21.120 9
22.211 3
23.184 9

33.364 7
37.803 9
42.336 6
46.947 2
51.622 6

11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18
19
20

18.488 43
22.186 11
26.623 33
31.948 00
38.337 60

0.054 09
0.045 07
0.037 56
0.031 30
0.026 08

87.442 1
105.930 6
128.116 7
154.740 0
186.688 0

4.729 6
4.774 6
4.812 2
4.843 5
4.869 6

24.050 3
24.816 6
25.492 7
26.087 4
26.609 1

56.352 2
61.126 8
65.939 0
70.782 5
75.652 1

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

46.005 12
55.206 14
66.247 37
79.496 85
95.396 22

0.021 74
0.018 11
0.015 09
0.012 58
0.010 48

225.025 6
271.030 7
326.236 9
392.484 2
471.981 1

4.891 3
4.909 4
4.924 5
4.937 1
4.947 6

27.065 5 80.543 4
27.464 1 85.452 8
27.811 2 90.377 4
28.113 1 95.314 5
28.375 2 100.262 1

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

114.475 46
137.370 55
164.844 66
197.813 59
237.376 31

0.008 74
0.007 28
0.006 07
0.005 06
0.004 21

567.377 3
681.852 8
819.223 3
984.068 0
1 181.881 6

4.956 3
4.963 6
4.969 7
4.974 7
4.978 9

28.602 3
28.798 9
28.968 7
29.115 3
29.241 7

105.218 4
110.182 0
115.151 7
120.126 4
125.105 3

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

284.851 58
341.821 89
410.186 27
492.223 52
590.668 23

0.003 51
0.002 93
0.002 44
0.002 03
0.001 69

1 419.257 9
1 704.109 5
2 045.931 4
2 456.117 6
2 948.341 1

4.982 4
4.985 4
4.987 8
4.989 8
4.991 5

29.350 5
29.444 2
29.524 6
29.593 7
29.652 9

130.087 8
135.073 1
140.060 9
145.050 8
150.042 3

31
32
33
34
35

36
708.801 87
37
850.562 25
38 1 020.674 70
39 1 224.809 64
40 1 469.771 57

0.001 41
0.001 18
0.000 98
0.000 82
0.000 68

3 539.009 4
4 247.811 2
5 098.373 5
6 119.048 2
7 343.857 8

4.992 9
4.994 1
4.995 1
4.995 9
4.996 6

29.703 7
29.747 2
29.784 5
29.816 3
29.843 5

155.035 3
160.029 4
165.024 5
170.020 4
175.017 0

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

1 763.725 88
2 116.471 06
2 539.765 27
3 047.718 32
3 657.261 99

0.000 57
0.000 47
0.000 39
0.000 33
0.000 27

8 813.629 4
10 577.355 3
12 693.826 3
15 233.591 6
18 281.309 9

4.997 2
4.997 6
4.998 0
4.998 4
4.998 6

29.866 8
29.886 6
29.903 5
29.918 0
29.930 3

180.014 2
185.011 8
190.009 8
195.008 2
200.006 8

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

4 388.714 39
5 266.457 26
6 319.748 72
7 583.698 46
9 100.438 15

0.000 23
0.000 19
0.000 16
0.000 13
0.000 11

21 938.571 9
26 327.286 3
31 593.743 6
37 913.492 3
45 497.190 8

4.998 9
4.999 1
4.999 2
4.999 3
4.999 5

29.940 8
29.949 7
29.957 3
29.963 7
29.969 2

205.005 7
210.004 7
215.004 0
220.003 3
225.002 7

46
47
48
49
50

20%
i

0.200 000

(2)

0.190 890

(4)

0.186 541

(12)

0.183 714

0.182 322

(1 + i )1 2

1.095 445

(1 + i )1 4

1.046 635

1/12

(1 + i )

1.015 309

0.833 333

12

0.912 871

14

0.955 443

1 12

0.984 921

v
v
v

0.166 667
(2)

0.174 258

d (4)

0.178 229

(12)

0.180 943

i / i (2)

1.047 723

i / i (4)

1.072 153

i/i

(12)

i/d

1.088 651
1.096 963

i / d (2)

1.147 723

(4)

1.122 153

i/d

i / d (12)

1.105 317

65

Compound Interest
25%
i

0.250 000
(2)

0.236 068

i (4)

0.229 485

i
i

(12)

0.225 231

0.223 144

(1 + i )1 2

1.118 034

(1 + i )1 4

1.057 371

1/12

(1 + i )

1.018 769

0.800 000

12

0.894 427

14

0.945 742

v1 12

0.981 577

0.200 000

(2)

0.211 146

d (4)

0.217 034

d (12)

0.221 082

i / i (2)

1.059 017

i / i (4)

1.089 396

i / i (12)

1.109 971

i/d

1.120 355

i/d

(2)

1.184 017

i/d

(4)

1.151 896

i / d (12)

66

1.130 804

(1 + i )n

1
2
3
4
5

1.250 00
1.562 50
1.953 13
2.441 41
3.051 76

6
7
8
9
10

vn

sn

an

( Ia )n

0.800 00
0.640 00
0.512 00
0.409 60
0.327 68

1.000 0
2.250 0
3.812 5
5.765 6
8.207 0

0.800 0
1.440 0
1.952 0
2.361 6
2.689 3

0.800 0
2.080 0
3.616 0
5.254 4
6.892 8

3.814 70
4.768 37
5.960 46
7.450 58
9.313 23

0.262 14
0.209 72
0.167 77
0.134 22
0.107 37

11.258 8
15.073 5
19.841 9
25.802 3
33.252 9

11
12
13
14
15

11.641 53
14.551 92
18.189 89
22.737 37
28.421 71

0.085 90
0.068 72
0.054 98
0.043 98
0.035 18

16
17
18
19
20

35.527 14
44.408 92
55.511 15
69.388 94
86.736 17

21
22
23
24
25

( Da) n

0.800 0
2.240 0
4.192 0
6.553 6
9.242 9

1
2
3
4
5

2.951 4 8.465 7
3.161 1 9.933 7
3.328 9 11.275 8
3.463 1 12.483 8
3.570 5 13.557 5

12.194 3 6
15.355 4 7
18.684 4 8
22.147 5 9
25.718 0 10

42.566 1
54.207 7
68.759 6
86.949 5
109.686 8

3.656 4
3.725 1
3.780 1
3.824 1
3.859 3

14.502 4
15.327 1
16.041 8
16.657 5
17.185 3

29.374 4
33.099 5
36.879 6
40.703 7
44.562 9

11
12
13
14
15

0.028 15
0.022 52
0.018 01
0.014 41
0.011 53

138.108 5
173.635 7
218.044 6
273.555 8
342.944 7

3.887 4
3.909 9
3.927 9
3.942 4
3.953 9

17.635 6
18.018 4
18.342 7
18.616 5
18.847 1

48.450 4
52.360 3
56.288 2
60.230 6
64.184 5

16
17
18
19
20

108.420 22
135.525 27
169.406 59
211.758 24
264.697 80

0.009 22
0.007 38
0.005 90
0.004 72
0.003 78

429.680 9
538.101 1
673.626 4
843.032 9
1 054.791 2

3.963 1
3.970 5
3.976 4
3.981 1
3.984 9

19.040 8
19.203 1
19.338 9
19.452 2
19.546 7

68.147 6
72.118 1
76.094 4
80.075 6
84.060 4

21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30

330.872 25
413.590 31
516.987 88
646.234 85
807.793 57

0.003 02
0.002 42
0.001 93
0.001 55
0.001 24

1 319.489 0
1 650.361 2
2 063.951 5
2 580.939 4
3 227.174 3

3.987 9
3.990 3
3.992 3
3.993 8
3.995 0

19.625 2 88.048 4
19.690 5 92.038 7
19.744 7 96.030 9
19.789 6 100.024 8
19.826 7 104.019 8

26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35

1 009.741 96
1 262.177 45
1 577.721 81
1 972.152 26
2 465.190 33

0.000 99
0.000 79
0.000 63
0.000 51
0.000 41

4 034.967 8
5 044.709 8
6 306.887 2
7 884.609 1
9 856.761 3

3.996 0
3.996 8
3.997 5
3.998 0
3.998 4

19.857 4
19.882 7
19.903 7
19.920 9
19.935 1

108.015 8
112.012 7
116.010 1
120.008 1
124.006 5

31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39
40

3 081.487 91
3 851.859 89
4 814.824 86
6 018.531 08
7 523.163 85

0.000 32
0.000 26
0.000 21
0.000 17
0.000 13

12 321.951 6
15 403.439 6
19 255.299 4
24 070.124 3
30 088.655 4

3.998 7
3.999 0
3.999 2
3.999 3
3.999 5

19.946 8
19.956 4
19.964 3
19.970 8
19.976 1

128.005 2
132.004 2
136.003 3
140.002 7
144.002 1

36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45

9 403.954 81
11 754.943 51
14 693.679 39
18 367.099 23
22 958.874 04

0.000 11
0.000 09
0.000 07
0.000 05
0.000 04

37 611.819 2
47 015.774 0
58 770.717 5
73 464.396 9
91 831.496 2

3.999 6
3.999 7
3.999 7
3.999 8
3.999 8

19.980 4
19.984 0
19.986 9
19.989 3
19.991 3

148.001 7
152.001 4
156.001 1
160.000 9
164.000 7

41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50

28 698.592 55
35 873.240 69
44 841.550 86
56 051.938 57
70 064.923 22

0.000 03
0.000 03
0.000 02
0.000 02
0.000 01

114 790.370 2
143 488.962 7
179 362.203 4
224 203.754 3
280 255.692 9

3.999 9
3.999 9
3.999 9
3.999 9
3.999 9

19.992 9
19.994 2
19.995 3
19.996 1
19.996 9

168.000 6
172.000 4
176.000 4
180.000 3
184.000 2

46
47
48
49
50

POPULATION MORTALITY TABLE

ELT15 (Males) and ELT15 (Females)
This table is based on the mortality of the population of England and Wales
during the years 1990, 1991, and 1992. Full details are given in English Life
Tables No. 15 published by The Stationery Office.
Note that no m0 values have been included because of the difficulty of
calculating reasonable estimates from observed data.

67

ELT15 (Males)

68

lx

dx

qx

mx

0
1
2
3
4

100 000
99 186
99 124
99 086
99 056

814
62
38
30
24

0.008 14
0.000 62
0.000 38
0.000 30
0.000 24

0.000 80
0.000 43
0.000 33
0.000 27

73.413
73.019
72.064
71.091
70.113

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

99 032
99 010
98 990
98 972
98 953

22
20
18
19
18

0.000 22
0.000 20
0.000 19
0.000 18
0.000 18

0.000 23
0.000 21
0.000 19
0.000 18
0.000 18

69.130
68.145
67.158
66.171
65.183

5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14

98 935
98 917
98 899
98 880
98 857

18
18
19
23
29

0.000 18
0.000 18
0.000 19
0.000 23
0.000 29

0.000 18
0.000 18
0.000 19
0.000 21
0.000 26

64.195
63.206
62.218
61.230
60.244

10
11
12
13
14

15
16
17
18
19

98 828
98 789
98 737
98 663
98 577

39
52
74
86
81

0.000 40
0.000 52
0.000 75
0.000 87
0.000 83

0.000 34
0.000 45
0.000 64
0.000 83
0.000 85

59.261
58.285
57.315
56.358
55.406

15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

98 496
98 413
98 328
98 241
98 154

83
85
87
87
87

0.000 84
0.000 86
0.000 89
0.000 89
0.000 88

0.000 83
0.000 85
0.000 88
0.000 89
0.000 89

54.452
53.497
52.543
51.589
50.635

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

98 067
97 983
97 900
97 817
97 732

84
83
83
85
87

0.000 86
0.000 85
0.000 85
0.000 87
0.000 90

0.000 87
0.000 85
0.000 84
0.000 86
0.000 88

49.679
48.721
47.762
46.802
45.842

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

97 645
97 556
97 465
97 370
97 273

89
91
95
97
103

0.000 91
0.000 94
0.000 97
0.000 99
0.001 06

0.000 90
0.000 92
0.000 96
0.000 98
0.001 02

44.883
43.923
42.964
42.005
41.046

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

97 170
97 057
96 933
96 800
96 655

113
124
133
145
155

0.001 16
0.001 27
0.001 38
0.001 49
0.001 60

0.001 11
0.001 22
0.001 33
0.001 44
0.001 55

40.090
39.136
38.185
37.237
36.292

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

96 500
96 334
96 155
95 961
95 751

166
179
194
210
230

0.001 72
0.001 86
0.002 01
0.002 19
0.002 40

0.001 66
0.001 79
0.001 93
0.002 10
0.002 29

35.349
34.409
33.473
32.539
31.609

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

95 521
95 266
94 983
94 668
94 316

255
283
315
352
391

0.002 66
0.002 97
0.003 32
0.003 71
0.004 15

0.002 53
0.002 81
0.003 14
0.003 52
0.003 93

30.684
29.765
28.852
27.947
27.049

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

93 925
93 489
93 004
92 467
91 873

436
485
537
594
656

0.004 64
0.005 19
0.005 77
0.006 42
0.007 14

0.004 40
0.004 92
0.005 49
0.006 10
0.006 79

26.159
25.279
24.408
23.547
22.696

50
51
52
53
54

ex

ELT15 (Males)
o

qx

mx

727
806
892
987
1 091

0.007 97
0.008 90
0.009 95
0.011 12
0.012 43

0.007 57
0.008 45
0.009 45
0.010 57
0.011 82

21.856
21.027
20.211
19.409
18.622

55
56
57
58
59

86 714
85 507
84 173
82 701
81 076

1 207
1 334
1 472
1 625
1 783

0.013 92
0.015 60
0.017 49
0.019 65
0.021 99

0.013 23
0.014 83
0.016 64
0.018 70
0.021 01

17.850
17.095
16.357
15.640
14.943

60
61
62
63
64

65
66
67
68
69

79 293
77 353
75 256
73 001
70 598

1 940
2 097
2 255
2 403
2 543

0.024 47
0.027 11
0.029 97
0.032 92
0.036 02

0.023 48
0.026 10
0.028 93
0.031 92
0.035 05

14.267
13.612
12.978
12.363
11.767

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

68 055
65 381
62 562
59 593
56 484

2 674
2 819
2 969
3 109
3 218

0.039 30
0.043 11
0.047 45
0.052 17
0.056 97

0.038 33
0.041 98
0.046 26
0.051 05
0.056 09

11.187
10.624
10.080
9.557
9.056

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

53 266
49 965
46 579
43 124
39 630

3 301
3 386
3 455
3 494
3 502

0.061 97
0.067 77
0.074 18
0.081 01
0.088 38

0.061 23
0.066 94
0.073 52
0.080 68
0.088 40

8.572
8.106
7.658
7.232
6.825

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

36 128
32 654
29 254
25 954
22 779

3 474
3 400
3 300
3 175
3 023

0.096 16
0.104 11
0.112 79
0.122 35
0.132 70

0.096 75
0.105 44
0.114 64
0.124 91
0.136 27

6.438
6.070
5.718
5.382
5.063

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

19 756
16 917
14 280
11 874
9 730

2 839
2 637
2 406
2 144
1 873

0.143 72
0.155 85
0.168 48
0.180 61
0.192 46

0.148 57
0.162 08
0.176 89
0.191 90
0.206 47

4.762
4.478
4.213
3.968
3.734

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

7 857
6 249
4 880
3 726
2 773

1 608
1 369
1 154
953
762

0.204 65
0.219 11
0.236 55
0.255 75
0.274 83

0.221 14
0.237 54
0.257 93
0.282 26
0.308 37

3.508
3.285
3.071
2.872
2.693

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

2 011
1 421
979
657
428

590
442
322
229
157

0.293 11
0.311 04
0.329 19
0.347 83
0.367 12

0.334 24
0.359 74
0.385 79
0.413 13
0.442 16

2.531
2.383
2.244
2.114
1.991

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

271
166
98
56
31

105
68
42
25
15

0.387 05
0.407 60
0.428 70
0.450 30
0.474 28

0.473 12
0.506 09
0.541 17
0.578 32
0.619 01

1.874
1.764
1.660
1.562
1.468

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

16
8
4
2
1

8
4
2
1
1

0.496 34
0.518 41
0.540 41
0.562 25
0.583 85

0.664 18
0.706 30
0.751 11
0.797 41
0.844 99

1.384
1.306
1.234
1.166
1.104

105
106
107
108
109

lx

55
56
57
58
59

91 217
90 490
89 684
88 792
87 805

60
61
62
63
64

dx

ex

69

ELT15 (Females)

70

lx

dx

qx

mx

ex

0
1
2
3
4

100 000
99 368
99 313
99 283
99 261

632
55
30
22
18

0.006 32
0.000 55
0.000 30
0.000 22
0.000 18

0.000 73
0.000 35
0.000 25
0.000 20

78.956
78.462
77.505
76.528
75.545

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

99 243
99 228
99 213
99 199
99 185

15
15
14
14
13

0.000 16
0.000 15
0.000 14
0.000 14
0.000 13

0.000 17
0.000 15
0.000 14
0.000 14
0.000 14

74.559
73.570
72.581
71.591
70.601

5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14

99 172
99 159
99 145
99 131
99 116

13
14
14
15
18

0.000 13
0.000 14
0.000 14
0.000 15
0.000 18

0.000 13
0.000 14
0.000 14
0.000 14
0.000 17

69.610
68.620
67.629
66.638
65.649

10
11
12
13
14

15
16
17
18
19

99 098
99 077
99 051
99 020
98 989

21
26
31
31
32

0.000 22
0.000 26
0.000 31
0.000 31
0.000 32

0.000 20
0.000 24
0.000 29
0.000 31
0.000 32

64.660
63.674
62.691
61.710
60.729

15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

98 957
98 926
98 894
98 862
98 829

31
32
32
33
32

0.000 31
0.000 32
0.000 33
0.000 33
0.000 33

0.000 32
0.000 32
0.000 32
0.000 33
0.000 33

59.748
58.767
57.786
56.805
55.823

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

98 797
98 763
98 729
98 694
98 656

34
34
35
38
39

0.000 34
0.000 35
0.000 36
0.000 38
0.000 40

0.000 33
0.000 34
0.000 35
0.000 37
0.000 39

54.842
53.860
52.878
51.897
50.917

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

98 617
98 574
98 528
98 477
98 420

43
46
51
57
61

0.000 43
0.000 47
0.000 52
0.000 57
0.000 63

0.000 42
0.000 45
0.000 50
0.000 54
0.000 60

49.937
48.958
47.981
47.006
46.032

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

98 359
98 291
98 217
98 136
98 048

68
74
81
88
96

0.000 69
0.000 75
0.000 82
0.000 90
0.000 98

0.000 66
0.000 72
0.000 79
0.000 86
0.000 94

45.061
44.092
43.124
42.160
41.197

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

97 952
97 847
97 733
97 607
97 469

105
114
126
138
154

0.001 07
0.001 17
0.001 29
0.001 42
0.001 58

0.001 02
0.001 12
0.001 23
0.001 35
0.001 49

40.237
39.279
38.325
37.374
36.426

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

97 315
97 142
96 950
96 738
96 504

173
192
212
234
257

0.001 77
0.001 98
0.002 19
0.002 41
0.002 66

0.001 67
0.001 87
0.002 08
0.002 30
0.002 53

35.483
34.545
33.612
32.685
31.763

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

96 247
95 964
95 652
95 310
94 938

283
312
342
372
406

0.002 94
0.003 26
0.003 57
0.003 90
0.004 28

0.002 80
0.003 10
0.003 42
0.003 74
0.004 08

30.846
29.936
29.032
28.134
27.242

50
51
52
53
54

ELT15 (Females)
o

lx

dx

qx

mx

ex

55
56
57
58
59

94 532
94 082
93 583
93 029
92 415

450
499
554
614
683

0.004 75
0.005 31
0.005 92
0.006 60
0.007 39

0.004 51
0.005 03
0.005 62
0.006 26
0.007 00

26.357
25.481
24.614
23.757
22.912

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

91 732
90 971
90 132
89 217
88 210

761
839
915
1007
1117

0.008 30
0.009 22
0.010 15
0.011 29
0.012 66

0.007 86
0.008 80
0.009 72
0.010 74
0.012 03

22.079
21.259
20.452
19.657
18.875

60
61
62
63
64

65
66
67
68
69

87 093
85 875
84 567
83 150
81 617

1218
1308
1417
1533
1647

0.013 99
0.015 23
0.016 76
0.018 44
0.020 17

0.013 42
0.014 70
0.016 09
0.017 74
0.019 49

18.111
17.361
16.621
15.896
15.185

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

79 970
78 219
76 343
74 287
72 048

1751
1876
2056
2239
2366

0.021 90
0.023 99
0.026 93
0.030 14
0.032 84

0.021 23
0.023 11
0.025 69
0.028 97
0.032 03

14.487
13.800
13.127
12.476
11.848

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

69 682
67 195
64 561
61 749
58 765

2487
2634
2812
2984
3158

0.035 69
0.039 19
0.043 56
0.048 33
0.053 73

0.034 80
0.038 03
0.042 14
0.046 94
0.052 28

11.234
10.631
10.044
9.478
8.934

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

55 607
52 293
48 858
45 332
41 736

3314
3435
3526
3596
3655

0.059 61
0.065 68
0.072 16
0.079 33
0.087 57

0.058 27
0.064 64
0.071 31
0.078 61
0.086 91

8.413
7.914
7.435
6.974
6.532

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

38 081
34 375
30 651
27 017
23 542

3706
3724
3634
3475
3330

0.097 31
0.108 33
0.118 59
0.128 60
0.141 46

0.096 74
0.108 41
0.120 52
0.131 74
0.144 62

6.111
5.715
5.349
5.002
4.667

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

20 212
17 069
14 166
11 535
9 214

3143
2903
2631
2321
2008

0.155 50
0.170 06
0.185 73
0.201 26
0.217 90

0.160 53
0.177 51
0.195 73
0.214 98
0.234 90

4.354
4.065
3.797
3.551
3.322

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

7 206
5 504
4 109
3 007
2 154

1702
1395
1102
853
653

0.236 19
0.253 44
0.268 20
0.283 52
0.303 31

0.257 32
0.281 14
0.302 67
0.322 41
0.346 28

3.112
2.925
2.754
2.588
2.422

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

1 501
1 013
663
423
262

488
350
240
161
105

0.324 89
0.345 62
0.361 86
0.379 92
0.400 45

0.376 71
0.408 87
0.437 69
0.462 73
0.493 00

2.269
2.133
2.011
1.887
1.758

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

157
89
48
25
12

68
41
23
13
6

0.436 18
0.459 94
0.483 89
0.507 91
0.531 90

0.537 29
0.599 08
0.637 85
0.683 88
0.731 91

1.621
1.518
1.425
1.338
1.257

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112

6
3
1

3
2
1

0.555 74
0.579 32
0.602 55

0.781 81
0.833 37
0.886 29

1.183
1.114
1.050

110
111
112

71

72

ASSURED LIVES MORTALITY TABLE

AM92
This table is based on the mortality of assured male lives in the UK during the
years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994. Full details are given in C.M.I.R. 17.
Due to potential rounding errors at high ages, the commutation functions
( Dx , N x , S x , C x , M x and Rx ) are tabulated here to age 110 only.

73

AM92

74

l[ x ]

l[ x -1]+1

17
18
19

9 997.809 1
9 991.890 4
9 986.035 1

9 993.540 0
9 987.633 8

10 000.000 0
9 994.000 0
9 988.063 6

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

9 980.243 2
9 974.504 6
9 968.839 1
9 963.196 7
9 957.577 5

9 981.791 1
9 976.001 6
9 970.265 4
9 964.582 4
9 958.922 5

9 982.200 6
9 976.390 9
9 970.634 6
9 964.931 3
9 959.261 3

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

9 951.991 3
9 946.398 2
9 940.798 4
9 935.181 8
9 929.508 8

9 953.285 8
9 947.662 2
9 942.021 8
9 936.354 9
9 930.661 3

9 953.614 4
9 947.980 7
9 942.340 2
9 936.673 0
9 930.969 4

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

9 923.749 7
9 917.914 5
9 911.953 8
9 905.828 2
9 899.498 4

9 924.891 6
9 919.026 0
9 913.054 7
9 906.928 5
9 900.607 8

9 925.209 4
9 919.353 5
9 913.382 1
9 907.265 5
9 900.964 5

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

9 892.915 1
9 886.039 5
9 878.812 8
9 871.166 5
9 863.022 7

9 894.053 6
9 887.206 9
9 880.028 8
9 872.450 8
9 864.404 7

9 894.429 9
9 887.612 6
9 880.454 0
9 872.895 4
9 864.868 8

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

9 854.303 6
9 844.902 5
9 834.703 0
9 823.599 4
9 811.447 3

9 855.793 1
9 846.538 4
9 836.524 5
9 825.635 4
9 813.746 3

9 856.286 3
9 847.051 0
9 837.066 1
9 826.206 0
9 814.335 9

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

9 798.083 7
9 783.337 1
9 766.998 3
9 748.860 3
9 728.649 9

9 800.693 9
9 786.316 2
9 770.423 1
9 752.787 4
9 733.193 8

9 801.312 3
9 786.953 4
9 771.078 9
9 753.471 4
9 733.886 5

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

9 706.097 7
9 680.899 0
9 652.696 5
9 621.100 6
9 585.691 6

9 711.352 4
9 686.966 9
9 659.707 5
9 629.211 5
9 595.056 3

9 712.072 8
9 687.714 9
9 660.502 1
9 630.052 2
9 595.971 5

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

9 545.992 9
9 501.483 9
9 451.593 8
9 395.697 1
9 333.128 4

9 556.800 3
9 513.937 5
9 465.929 3
9 412.171 2
9 352.016 5

9 557.817 9
9 515.104 0
9 467.290 6
9 413.800 4
9 354.004 0

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

9 263.142 2
9 184.968 7
9 097.740 5
9 000.588 4
8 892.574 1

9 284.764 1
9 209.656 8
9 125.881 8
9 032.564 2
8 928.817 7

9 287.216 4
9 212.714 3
9 129.717 0
9 037.397 3
8 934.877 1

60
61
62
63
64

lx

AM92
x

l[ x ]

l[ x -1]+1

lx

65
66
67
68
69

8 772.735 9
8 640.048 1
8 493.518 7
8 332.139 6
8 154.931 8

8 813.688 1
8 686.201 6
8 545.353 2
8 390.161 1
8 219.639 0

8 821.261 2
8 695.619 9
8 557.011 8
8 404.491 6
8 237.132 9

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

7 960.977 6
7 749.465 9
7 519.702 7
7 271.146 1
7 003.521 6

8 032.860 6
7 828.968 6
7 607.240 0
7 367.082 8
7 108.105 2

8 054.054 4
7 854.450 8
7 637.620 8
7 403.008 4
7 150.240 1

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

6 716.823 1
6 411.345 9
6 087.808 4
5 747.362 4
5 391.640 0

6 830.184 4
6 533.500 8
6 218.575 9
5 886.362 8
5 538.279 1

6 879.167 3
6 589.925 8
6 282.980 3
5 959.168 0
5 619.757 7

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

5 022.793 1
4 643.512 9
4 257.005 6
3 866.988 4
3 477.592 9

5 176.222 4
4 802.629 0
4 420.452 5
4 033.146 7
3 644.632 7

5 266.460 4
4 901.478 9
4 527.496 0
4 147.670 8
3 765.599 8

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

3 093.286 3
2 718.712 8
2 358.529 9
2 017.229 8
1 698.908 9

3 259.186 2
2 881.346 7
2 515.731 0
2 166.880 5
1 839.045 8

3 385.247 9
3 010.839 5
2 646.741 6
2 297.297 6
1 966.649 9

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

1 407.055 0

1 535.980 1
1 260.735 4

1 658.554 5
1 376.190 6
1 121.988 9
897.502 5
703.324 2

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

539.064 3
403.402 3
294.206 1
208.706 0
143.712 0

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

95.847 6
61.773 3
38.379 6
22.928 4
13.135 9

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

7.196 8
3.759 6
1.866 9
0.878 4
0.390 3

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

0.163 2
0.064 0
0.023 4
0.008 0
0.002 5

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

0.000 7
0.000 2
0.000 0
0.000 0
0.000 0

115
116
117
118
119

120

0.000 0

120

75

AM92

76

d[ x ]

d[ x -1]+1

dx

17
18
19

4.269 1
4.256 5
4.244 1

5.476 5
5.433 3

6.000 0
5.936 4
5.863 0

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

4.241 6
4.239 2
4.256 7
4.274 2
4.291 7

5.400 1
5.367 1
5.334 1
5.321 1
5.308 1

5.809 6
5.756 4
5.703 2
5.670 0
5.646 9

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

4.329 1
4.376 4
4.443 5
4.520 5
4.617 2

5.305 1
5.322 0
5.348 8
5.385 5
5.451 9

5.633 7
5.640 5
5.667 1
5.703 7
5.760 0

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

4.723 7
4.859 8
5.025 4
5.220 4
5.444 7

5.538 1
5.643 9
5.789 2
5.964 0
6.178 0

5.855 9
5.971 5
6.116 6
6.301 0
6.534 6

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

5.708 2
6.010 7
6.362 0
6.761 7
7.229 6

6.441 0
6.753 0
7.133 4
7.582 0
8.118 4

6.817 3
7.158 6
7.558 5
8.026 7
8.582 4

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

7.765 2
8.378 0
9.067 6
9.853 1
10.753 3

8.742 1
9.472 4
10.318 5
11.299 5
12.434 0

9.235 3
9.984 9
10.860 1
11.870 1
13.023 6

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

11.767 5
12.914 0
14.211 0
15.666 4
17.297 5

13.740 6
15.237 3
16.951 7
18.900 9
21.121 0

14.358 9
15.874 4
17.607 5
19.585 0
21.813 6

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

19.130 7
21.191 5
23.485 0
26.044 3
28.891 3

23.637 4
26.464 8
29.655 3
33.240 0
37.238 4

24.357 9
27.212 8
30.449 9
34.080 8
38.153 6

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

32.055 4
35.554 6
39.422 6
43.680 6
48.364 3

41.696 3
46.646 8
52.128 9
58.167 2
64.800 1

42.713 9
47.813 4
53.490 2
59.796 5
66.787 6

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

53.485 4
59.086 9
65.176 2
71.770 7
78.886 0

72.049 8
79.939 8
88.484 6
97.687 2
107.556 5

74.502 0
82.997 3
92.319 7
102.520 2
113.615 9

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

d[ x ]

d[ x -1]+1

dx

65
66
67
68
69

86.534 3
94.694 9
103.357 6
112.500 5
122.071 2

118.068 2
129.189 9
140.861 6
153.028 1
165.584 6

125.641 2
138.608 2
152.520 2
167.358 6
183.078 5

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

132.008 9
142.225 9
152.619 9
163.040 9
173.337 2

178.409 8
191.347 8
204.231 6
216.842 7
228.937 9

199.603 6
216.830 0
234.612 4
252.768 3
271.072 8

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

183.322 3
192.769 9
201.445 6
209.083 3
215.417 6

240.258 6
250.520 6
259.407 9
266.605 1
271.818 7

289.241 5
306.945 6
323.812 2
339.410 4
353.297 3

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

220.164 1
223.060 4
223.858 9
222.355 7
218.406 7

274.743 5
275.133 0
272.781 7
267.546 8
259.384 9

364.981 5
373.982 8
379.825 2
382.071 0
380.351 9

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

211.939 6
202.981 8
191.649 4
178.183 9
162.928 8

248.346 7
234.605 0
218.433 4
200.230 6
180.491 3

374.408 4
364.097 8
349.444 0
330.647 8
308.095 4

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

146.319 7

159.789 5
138.746 4

282.363 9
254.201 7
224.486 4
194.178 3
164.260 0

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

135.662 0
109.196 2
85.500 1
64.994 0
47.864 4

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

34.074 3
23.393 7
15.451 2
9.792 5
5.939 1

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

3.437 3
1.892 7
.988 5
.488 1
.227 1

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

.099 2
.040 5
.015 4
.005 5
.001 8

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

.000 5
.000 1
.000 0
.000 0
.000 0

115
116
117
118
119

120

.000 0

120

77

AM92

78

q[ x ]

q[ x -1]+1

qx

17
18
19

.000 427
.000 426
.000 425

.000 548
.000 544

.000 600
.000 594
.000 587

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

.000 425
.000 425
.000 427
.000 429
.000 431

.000 541
.000 538
.000 535
.000 534
.000 533

.000 582
.000 577
.000 572
.000 569
.000 567

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

.000 435
.000 440
.000 447
.000 455
.000 465

.000 533
.000 535
.000 538
.000 542
.000 549

.000 566
.000 567
.000 570
.000 574
.000 580

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

.000 476
.000 490
.000 507
.000 527
.000 550

.000 558
.000 569
.000 584
.000 602
.000 624

.000 590
.000 602
.000 617
.000 636
.000 660

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

.000 577
.000 608
.000 644
.000 685
.000 733

.000 651
.000 683
.000 722
.000 768
.000 823

.000 689
.000 724
.000 765
.000 813
.000 870

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

.000 788
.000 851
.000 922
.001 003
.001 096

.000 887
.000 962
.001 049
.001 150
.001 267

.000 937
.001 014
.001 104
.001 208
.001 327

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

.001 201
.001 320
.001 455
.001 607
.001 778

.001 402
.001 557
.001 735
.001 938
.002 170

.001 465
.001 622
.001 802
.002 008
.002 241

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

.001 971
.002 189
.002 433
.002 707
.003 014

.002 434
.002 732
.003 070
.003 452
.003 881

.002 508
.002 809
.003 152
.003 539
.003 976

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

.003 358
.003 742
.004 171
.004 649
.005 182

.004 363
.004 903
.005 507
.006 180
.006 929

.004 469
.005 025
.005 650
.006 352
.007 140

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

.005 774
.006 433
.007 164
.007 974
.008 871

.007 760
.008 680
.009 696
.010 815
.012 046

.008 022
.009 009
.010 112
.011 344
.012 716

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

q[ x ]

q[ x -1]+1

qx

65
66
67
68
69

.009 864
.010 960
.012 169
.013 502
.014 969

.013 396
.014 873
.016 484
.018 239
.020 145

.014 243
.015 940
.017 824
.019 913
.022 226

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

.016 582
.018 353
.020 296
.022 423
.024 750

.022 210
.024 441
.026 847
.029 434
.032 208

.024 783
.027 606
.030 718
.034 144
.037 911

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

.027 293
.030 067
.033 090
.036 379
.039 954

.035 176
.038 344
.041 715
.045 292
.049 080

.042 046
.046 578
.051 538
.056 956
.062 867

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

.043 833
.048 037
.052 586
.057 501
.062 804

.053 078
.057 288
.061 709
.066 337
.071 169

.069 303
.076 300
.083 893
.092 117
.101 007

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

.068 516
.074 661
.081 258
.088 331
.095 902

.076 199
.081 422
.086 827
.092 405
.098 144

.110 600
.120 929
.132 028
.143 929
.156 660

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

.103 990

.104 031
.110 052

.170 247
.184 714
.200 079
.216 354
.233 548

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

.251 662
.270 688
.290 613
.311 414
.333 058

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

.355 505
.378 702
.402 588
.427 090
.452 127

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

.477 608
.503 432
.529 493
.555 674
.581 857

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

.607 918
.633 731
.659 171
.684 114
.708 442

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

.732 042
.754 809
.776 648
.797 477
.817 225

115
116
117
118
119

120

1.000 000

120

79

AM92

80

m[ x ]

m[ x-1]+1

mx

17
18
19

0.000 367
0.000 367
0.000 367

0.000 488
0.000 485

0.000 603
0.000 597
0.000 591

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

0.000 369
0.000 370
0.000 374
0.000 377
0.000 380

0.000 483
0.000 482
0.000 480
0.000 481
0.000 481

0.000 585
0.000 580
0.000 574
0.000 570
0.000 568

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

0.000 385
0.000 391
0.000 400
0.000 408
0.000 419

0.000 482
0.000 485
0.000 489
0.000 495
0.000 502

0.000 566
0.000 566
0.000 568
0.000 572
0.000 577

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

0.000 430
0.000 443
0.000 460
0.000 479
0.000 500

0.000 512
0.000 523
0.000 537
0.000 555
0.000 576

0.000 585
0.000 596
0.000 609
0.000 626
0.000 647

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

0.000 524
0.000 551
0.000 582
0.000 616
0.000 656

0.000 601
0.000 630
0.000 665
0.000 706
0.000 754

0.000 674
0.000 706
0.000 744
0.000 788
0.000 840

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

0.000 701
0.000 752
0.000 808
0.000 871
0.000 943

0.000 810
0.000 875
0.000 950
0.001 037
0.001 136

0.000 902
0.000 974
0.001 057
0.001 154
0.001 265

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

0.001 023
0.001 113
0.001 214
0.001 326
0.001 451

0.001 250
0.001 380
0.001 529
0.001 698
0.001 890

0.001 394
0.001 541
0.001 709
0.001 902
0.002 122

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

0.001 592
0.001 750
0.001 925
0.002 122
0.002 342

0.002 108
0.002 354
0.002 633
0.002 947
0.003 300

0.002 372
0.002 656
0.002 978
0.003 343
0.003 756

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

0.002 588
0.002 862
0.003 170
0.003 513
0.003 898

0.003 696
0.004 139
0.004 636
0.005 189
0.005 806

0.004 221
0.004 747
0.005 340
0.006 005
0.006 754

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

0.004 327
0.004 809
0.005 348
0.005 949
0.006 623

0.006 493
0.007 254
0.008 099
0.009 032
0.010 063

0.007 593
0.008 533
0.009 586
0.010 763
0.012 078

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

m[ x ]

m[ x-1]+1

mx

65
66
67
68
69

0.007 377
0.008 220
0.009 162
0.010 216
0.011 393

0.011 199
0.012 449
0.013 821
0.015 326
0.016 972

0.013 544
0.015 176
0.016 993
0.019 012
0.021 255

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

0.012 709
0.014 178
0.015 819
0.017 648
0.019 687

0.018 771
0.020 733
0.022 869
0.025 190
0.027 708

0.023 741
0.026 496
0.029 543
0.032 912
0.036 631

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

0.021 959
0.024 487
0.027 300
0.030 423
0.033 892

0.030 436
0.033 385
0.036 569
0.040 000
0.043 691

0.040 732
0.045 251
0.050 223
0.055 689
0.061 689

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

0.037 737
0.041 996
0.046 709
0.051 916
0.057 665

0.047 656
0.051 909
0.056 462
0.061 329
0.066 524

0.068 271
0.075 481
0.083 372
0.091 999
0.101 417

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

0.064 000
0.070 978
0.078 646
0.087 067
0.096 302

0.072 061
0.077 952
0.084 213
0.090 853
0.097 889

0.111 691
0.122 884
0.135 066
0.148 309
0.162 691

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

0.106 409

0.105 333
0.113 198

0.178 289
0.195 190
0.213 482
0.233 257
0.254 610

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

0.277 645
0.302 462
0.329 170
0.357 882
0.388 711

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

0.421 777
0.457 202
0.495 111
0.535 631
0.578 890

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

0.625 023
0.674 162
0.726 443
0.782 002
0.840 973

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

0.903 494
0.969 700
1.039 723
1.113 695
1.191 744

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

1.274 000
1.360 581
1.451 603
1.547 178
1.647 417

115
116
117
118
119

120

2.000 000

120

81

AM92

82

e[ x ]

e[ x -1]+1

ex

17
18
19

61.353
60.389
59.424

60.379
59.414

61.339
60.376
59.412

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

58.458
57.492
56.524
55.556
54.587

58.449
57.483
56.516
55.548
54.580

58.447
57.481
56.514
55.546
54.578

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

53.618
52.648
51.677
50.706
49.735

53.611
52.641
51.671
50.700
49.729

53.609
52.639
51.669
50.699
49.728

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

48.764
47.792
46.821
45.850
44.879

48.758
47.787
46.816
45.845
44.874

48.757
47.785
46.814
45.843
44.872

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

43.909
42.939
41.970
41.003
40.036

43.904
42.934
41.965
40.997
40.031

43.902
42.932
41.963
40.995
40.029

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

39.071
38.108
37.148
36.189
35.234

39.066
38.102
37.141
36.182
35.226

39.064
38.100
37.139
36.180
35.224

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

34.282
33.333
32.388
31.448
30.513

34.273
33.323
32.377
31.436
30.499

34.271
33.321
32.375
31.433
30.497

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

29.583
28.660
27.742
26.833
25.931

29.567
28.642
27.722
26.810
25.905

29.565
28.639
27.720
26.808
25.903

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

25.037
24.153
23.279
22.415
21.563

25.009
24.122
23.244
22.376
21.520

25.006
24.119
23.240
22.373
21.516

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

20.724
19.897
19.084
18.286
17.503

20.676
19.844
19.026
18.222
17.433

20.670
19.837
19.018
18.212
17.421

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

e[ x ]

e[ x -1]+1

ex

65
66
67
68
69

16.736
15.987
15.255
14.541
13.847

16.660
15.903
15.164
14.443
13.740

16.645
15.886
15.143
14.418
13.711

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

13.172
12.517
11.883
11.270
10.679

13.057
12.394
11.751
11.129
10.529

13.023
12.354
11.704
11.075
10.467

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

10.110
9.562
9.037
8.534
8.053

9.950
9.393
8.859
8.346
7.856

9.879
9.313
8.768
8.244
7.742

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

7.594
7.157
6.741
6.347
5.974

7.388
6.942
6.518
6.116
5.734

7.261
6.802
6.364
5.947
5.550

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

5.620
5.287
4.972
4.676
4.397

5.374
5.034
4.713
4.412
4.129

5.174
4.817
4.480
4.161
3.861

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

4.136

3.864
3.616

3.578
3.312
3.063
2.829
2.610

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

2.405
2.214
2.035
1.869
1.715

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

1.571
1.437
1.314
1.199
1.093

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

0.994
0.904
0.820
0.743
0.672

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

0.606
0.546
0.491
0.440
0.394

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

0.352
0.313
0.277
0.240
0.183

115
116
117
118
119

120

0.000

120

83

AM92
4%

84

D[ x ]

D[ x -1]+1

Dx

17
18
19

5 132.61
4 932.28
4 739.80

4 933.09
4 740.55

5 133.73
4 933.32
4 740.76

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

4 554.85
4 377.15
4 206.41
4 042.33
3 884.66

4 555.56
4 377.80
4 207.01
4 042.89
3 885.19

4 555.75
4 377.98
4 207.16
4 043.04
3 885.32

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

3 733.16
3 587.56
3 447.63
3 313.16
3 183.91

3 733.64
3 588.01
3 448.06
3 313.55
3 184.28

3 733.77
3 588.13
3 448.17
3 313.66
3 184.38

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

3 059.68
2 940.27
2 825.48
2 715.13
2 609.03

3 060.03
2 940.60
2 825.79
2 715.43
2 609.33

3 060.13
2 940.69
2 825.89
2 715.52
2 609.42

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

2 507.02
2 408.92
2 314.57
2 223.83
2 136.53

2 507.31
2 409.20
2 314.86
2 224.12
2 136.83

2 507.40
2 409.30
2 314.96
2 224.22
2 136.93

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

2 052.54
1 971.72
1 893.92
1 819.02
1 746.89

2 052.85
1 972.04
1 894.27
1 819.40
1 747.30

2 052.96
1 972.15
1 894.37
1 819.50
1 747.41

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

1 677.42
1 610.47
1 545.95
1 483.73
1 423.70

1 677.86
1 610.96
1 546.49
1 484.32
1 424.37

1 677.97
1 611.07
1 546.59
1 484.43
1 424.47

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

1 365.77
1 309.83
1 255.78
1 203.53
1 152.98

1 366.51
1 310.65
1 256.70
1 204.55
1 154.11

1 366.61
1 310.75
1 256.80
1 204.65
1 154.22

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

1 104.05
1 056.63
1 010.66
966.04
922.70

1 105.30
1 058.02
1 012.19
967.73
924.57

1 105.41
1 058.15
1 012.34
967.90
924.76

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

880.56
839.55
799.59
760.62
722.59

882.61
841.80
802.06
763.33
725.54

882.85
842.08
802.40
763.74
726.03

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

D[ x ]

D[ x -1]+1

Dx

65
66
67
68
69

685.44
649.11
613.56
578.75
544.65

688.64
652.57
617.30
582.78
548.97

689.23
653.28
618.14
583.77
550.14

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

511.25
478.53
446.48
415.12
384.46

515.87
483.43
451.68
420.59
390.20

517.23
485.01
453.48
422.64
392.51

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

354.54
325.40
297.09
269.69
243.27

360.52
331.60
303.48
276.21
249.89

363.11
334.46
306.62
279.63
253.56

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

217.91
193.71
170.75
149.14
128.97

224.57
200.35
177.31
155.55
135.16

228.48
204.47
181.60
159.97
139.65

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

110.30
93.22
77.76
63.95
51.78

116.22
98.79
82.94
68.69
56.06

120.71
103.23
87.26
72.83
59.95

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

41.24

45.02
35.53

48.61
38.78
30.40
23.38
17.62

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

12.99
9.34
6.55
4.47
2.96

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

1.90
1.18
.70
.40
.22

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

.12
.06
.03
.01
.01

105
106
107
108
109

110

.00

110

4%

85

AM92
4%

86

N[ x ]

N[ x -1]+1

Nx

17
18
19

119 958.58
114 824.96
109 891.73

114 825.98
109 892.68

119 959.94
114 826.20
109 892.88

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

105 151.06
100 595.40
96 217.50
92 010.40
87 967.43

105 151.94
100 596.21
96 218.25
92 011.10
87 968.07

105 152.13
100 596.38
96 218.40
92 011.24
87 968.21

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

84 082.16
80 348.43
76 760.35
73 312.22
69 998.60

84 082.76
80 349.00
76 760.88
73 312.71
69 999.06

84 082.88
80 349.12
76 760.99
73 312.82
69 999.16

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

66 814.23
63 754.13
60 813.46
57 987.58
55 272.07

66 814.68
63 754.56
60 813.87
57 987.98
55 272.45

66 814.78
63 754.65
60 813.96
57 988.07
55 272.55

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

52 662.65
50 155.24
47 745.94
45 430.98
43 206.74

52 663.03
50 155.63
47 746.33
45 431.37
43 207.15

52 663.13
50 155.73
47 746.43
45 431.47
43 207.25

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

41 069.80
39 016.82
37 044.65
35 150.25
33 330.72

41 070.21
39 017.25
37 045.10
35 150.73
33 331.23

41 070.31
39 017.36
37 045.21
35 150.84
33 331.34

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

31 583.27
29 905.26
28 294.14
26 747.50
25 263.01

31 583.82
29 905.86
28 294.79
26 748.20
25 263.77

31 583.93
29 905.96
28 294.89
26 748.30
25 263.87

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

23 838.46
22 471.77
21 160.92
19 904.01
18 699.23

23 839.30
22 472.69
21 161.94
19 905.14
18 700.48

23 839.41
22 472.79
21 162.04
19 905.24
18 700.59

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

17 544.87
16 439.29
15 380.96
14 368.41
13 400.27

17 546.25
16 440.82
15 382.66
14 370.30
13 402.37

17 546.37
16 440.95
15 382.81
14 370.47
13 402.57

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

12 475.24
11 592.08
10 749.66
9 946.87
9 182.71

12 477.57
11 594.68
10 752.54
9 950.07
9 186.25

12 477.80
11 594.96
10 752.88
9 950.48
9 186.74

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

N[ x ]

N[ x -1]+1

Nx

65
66
67
68
69

8 456.21
7 766.46
7 112.62
6 493.86
5 909.43

8 460.12
7 770.77
7 117.36
6 499.06
5 915.12

8 460.71
7 771.48
7 118.20
6 500.06
5 916.29

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

5 358.59
4 840.63
4 354.86
3 900.59
3 477.14

5 364.78
4 847.34
4 362.10
3 908.38
3 485.47

5 366.14
4 848.92
4 363.91
3 910.43
3 487.78

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

3 083.84
2 719.96
2 384.76
2 077.47
1 797.25

3 092.69
2 729.30
2 394.56
2 087.67
1 807.78

3 095.27
2 732.16
2 397.70
2 091.08
1 811.45

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

1 543.20
1 314.35
1 109.67
928.03
768.19

1 553.98
1 325.29
1 120.65
938.92
778.88

1 557.89
1 329.41
1 124.94
943.34
783.37

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

628.87
508.67
406.14
319.75
247.93

639.22
518.57
415.45
328.38
255.80

643.72
523.01
419.77
332.51
259.69

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

189.12

196.15
147.88

199.74
151.13
112.35
81.95
58.56

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

40.94
27.95
18.61
12.06
7.59

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

4.63
2.73
1.55
.85
.45

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

.23
.11
.05
.02
.01

105
106
107
108
109

110

.00

110

4%

87

AM92
4%

88

S[ x ]

17
18
19

2 398 085.62
2 278 125.81
2 163 299.72

2 278 127.03
2 163 300.85

2 398 087.20
2 278 127.26
2 163 301.06

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

2 053 406.94
1 948 254.91
1 847 658.63
1 751 440.30
1 659 429.12

2 053 407.99
1 948 255.88
1 847 659.51
1 751 441.12
1 659 429.89

2 053 408.17
1 948 256.05
1 847 659.67
1 751 441.27
1 659 430.03

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

1 571 460.98
1 487 378.14
1 407 029.07
1 330 268.14
1 256 955.35

1 571 461.70
1 487 378.82
1 407 029.71
1 330 268.73
1 256 955.92

1 571 461.82
1 487 378.94
1 407 029.82
1 330 268.83
1 256 956.02

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

1 186 956.21
1 120 141.46
1 056 386.83
995 572.87
937 584.81

1 186 956.76
1 120 141.98
1 056 387.32
995 573.36
937 585.29

1 186 956.85
1 120 142.07
1 056 387.42
995 573.46
937 585.38

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

882 312.25
829 649.12
779 493.40
731 746.96
686 315.48

882 312.74
829 649.61
779 493.88
731 747.45
686 315.99

882 312.84
829 649.71
779 493.98
731 747.56
686 316.09

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

643 108.22
602 037.89
563 020.51
525 975.27
490 824.40

643 108.74
602 038.43
563 021.07
525 975.86
490 825.02

643 108.84
602 038.53
563 021.17
525 975.96
490 825.13

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

457 493.03
425 909.06
396 003.05
367 708.11
340 959.74

457 493.69
425 909.76
396 003.80
367 708.91
340 960.61

457 493.79
425 909.86
396 003.90
367 709.01
340 960.71

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

315 695.79
291 856.30
269 383.41
248 221.26
228 315.88

315 696.73
291 857.33
269 384.53
248 222.49
228 317.24

315 696.84
291 857.43
269 384.64
248 222.60
228 317.35

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

209 615.14
192 068.59
175 627.43
160 244.38
145 873.64

209 616.65
192 070.27
175 629.30
160 246.47
145 875.97

209 616.77
192 070.40
175 629.44
160 246.64
145 876.17

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

132 470.75
119 992.59
108 397.21
97 643.87
87 692.86

132 473.37
119 995.52
108 400.50
97 647.55
87 696.99

132 473.60
119 995.80
108 400.84
97 647.96
87 697.49

60
61
62
63
64

S[ x -1]+1

Sx

AM92
x

S[ x ]

S[ x -1]+1

Sx

65
66
67
68
69

78 505.54
70 044.17
62 271.97
55 152.99
48 652.08

78 510.15
70 049.32
62 277.71
55 159.35
48 659.12

78 510.74
70 050.03
62 278.55
55 160.35
48 660.29

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

42 734.88
37 367.77
32 517.84
28 152.89
24 241.39

42 742.64
37 376.29
32 527.14
28 162.99
24 252.30

42 744.01
37 377.86
32 528.95
28 165.04
24 254.61

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

20 752.53
17 656.21
14 923.03
12 524.40
10 432.48

20 764.24
17 668.69
14 936.25
12 538.27
10 446.93

20 766.83
17 671.56
14 939.39
12 541.69
10 450.60

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

8 620.33
7 061.91
5 732.17
4 607.11
3 663.90

8 635.24
7 077.14
5 747.56
4 622.49
3 679.09

8 639.15
7 081.26
5 751.85
4 626.91
3 683.57

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

2 880.92
2 237.83
1 715.71
1 297.05
965.85

2 895.71
2 252.05
1 729.16
1 309.57
977.30

2 900.21
2 256.49
1 733.48
1 313.71
981.19

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

707.63

717.91
518.51

721.51
521.76
370.63
258.28
176.34

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

117.78
76.84
48.88
30.28
18.22

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

10.63
6.00
3.27
1.72
.87

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

.42
.19
.09
.04
.01

105
106
107
108
109

110

.01

110

4%

89

AM92
4%

90

C[ x ]

C[ x -1]+1

Cx

17
18
19

2.11
2.02
1.94

2.60
2.48

2.96
2.82
2.68

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

1.86
1.79
1.73
1.67
1.61

2.37
2.26
2.16
2.08
1.99

2.55
2.43
2.31
2.21
2.12

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

1.56
1.52
1.48
1.45
1.42

1.91
1.85
1.78
1.73
1.68

2.03
1.96
1.89
1.83
1.78

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

1.40
1.39
1.38
1.38
1.38

1.64
1.61
1.59
1.57
1.57

1.74
1.70
1.68
1.66
1.66

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

1.39
1.41
1.43
1.46
1.51

1.57
1.58
1.61
1.64
1.69

1.66
1.68
1.70
1.74
1.79

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

1.56
1.61
1.68
1.75
1.84

1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.13

1.85
1.92
2.01
2.11
2.23

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

1.94
2.04
2.16
2.29
2.43

2.26
2.41
2.58
2.77
2.97

2.36
2.51
2.68
2.87
3.07

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

2.59
2.76
2.94
3.13
3.34

3.20
3.44
3.71
4.00
4.31

3.30
3.54
3.81
4.10
4.41

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

3.56
3.80
4.05
4.32
4.60

4.64
4.99
5.36
5.75
6.16

4.75
5.11
5.50
5.91
6.35

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

4.89
5.19
5.51
5.83
6.16

6.59
7.03
7.48
7.94
8.40

6.81
7.29
7.80
8.33
8.88

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

C[ x ]

C[ x -1]+1

Cx

65
66
67
68
69

6.50
6.84
7.18
7.51
7.84

8.87
9.33
9.78
10.22
10.63

9.44
10.01
10.59
11.18
11.76

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

8.15
8.44
8.71
8.95
9.15

11.02
11.36
11.66
11.90
12.08

12.33
12.87
13.39
13.88
14.31

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

9.30
9.41
9.45
9.43
9.35

12.19
12.23
12.17
12.03
11.79

14.68
14.98
15.19
15.31
15.33

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

9.18
8.95
8.63
8.25
7.79

11.46
11.04
10.52
9.92
9.25

15.23
15.00
14.65
14.17
13.56

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

7.27
6.69
6.08
5.43
4.78

8.52
7.73
6.92
6.10
5.29

12.84
12.00
11.08
10.08
9.03

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

4.12

4.50
3.76

7.96
6.89
5.85
4.86
3.96

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

3.14
2.43
1.83
1.34
.95

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

.65
.43
.27
.17
.10

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

.05
.03
.01
.01
.00

105
106
107
108
109

110

.00

110

4%

91

AM92
4%

92

M[ x]

17
18
19

518.82
515.93
513.19

516.71
513.91

519.89
516.93
514.11

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

510.58
508.09
505.73
503.47
501.30

511.25
508.72
506.31
504.01
501.80

511.43
508.88
506.46
504.14
501.93

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

499.23
497.23
495.31
493.46
491.66

499.69
497.67
495.72
493.83
492.01

499.81
497.78
495.82
493.93
492.10

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

489.90
488.19
486.50
484.84
483.18

490.23
488.50
486.80
485.12
483.46

490.33
488.59
486.89
485.21
483.55

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

481.53
479.87
478.19
476.48
474.74

481.80
480.14
478.46
476.76
475.02

481.90
480.24
478.56
476.86
475.12

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

472.94
471.07
469.12
467.09
464.94

473.23
471.38
469.46
467.44
465.33

473.33
471.48
469.56
467.55
465.43

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

462.68
460.27
457.71
454.98
452.05

463.10
460.74
458.23
455.55
452.68

463.20
460.84
458.33
455.65
452.78

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

448.91
445.53
441.90
437.99
433.78

449.61
446.32
442.78
438.96
434.86

449.71
446.42
442.88
439.07
434.97

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

429.24
424.35
419.08
413.41
407.30

430.44
425.68
420.55
415.03
409.09

430.55
425.80
420.69
415.19
409.28

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

400.74
393.70
386.14
378.05
369.41

402.71
395.85
388.50
380.63
372.22

402.93
396.12
388.83
381.02
372.69

60
61
62
63
64

M [ x -1]+1

Mx

AM92
x

M[ x]

65
66
67
68
69

360.20
350.40
339.99
328.98
317.37

363.25
353.70
343.56
332.81
321.47

363.82
354.38
344.37
333.77
322.59

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

305.15
292.35
278.98
265.09
250.72

309.53
297.00
283.90
270.27
256.14

310.84
298.51
285.64
272.24
258.37

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

235.93
220.78
205.37
189.79
174.14

241.57
226.63
211.38
195.92
180.36

244.06
229.38
214.40
199.20
183.89

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

158.56
143.16
128.07
113.45
99.42

164.80
149.37
134.21
119.44
105.20

168.56
153.34
138.34
123.69
109.52

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

86.12
73.65
62.14
51.65
42.25

91.63
78.85
66.96
56.06
46.22

95.96
83.12
71.11
60.04
49.96

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

33.97

37.47
29.84

40.93
32.97
26.08
20.23
15.37

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

11.41
8.27
5.84
4.01
2.67

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

1.72
1.07
.64
.37
.21

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

.11
.05
.03
.01
.01

105
106
107
108
109

110

.00

110

M [ x -1]+1

Mx

4%

93

AM92
4%

94

R[ x ]

17
18
19

27 724.52
27 204.73
26 687.90

27 205.71
26 688.80

27 725.81
27 205.92
26 689.00

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

26 173.87
25 662.51
25 153.71
24 647.32
24 143.23

26 174.71
25 663.29
25 154.42
24 647.98
24 143.85

26 174.89
25 663.45
25 154.57
24 648.11
24 143.97

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

23 641.35
23 141.58
22 643.84
22 148.06
21 654.16

23 641.93
23 142.12
22 644.35
22 148.53
21 654.60

23 642.04
23 142.23
22 644.45
22 148.63
21 654.70

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

21 162.07
20 671.77
20 183.20
19 696.32
19 211.11

21 162.50
20 672.17
20 183.59
19 696.70
19 211.48

21 162.60
20 672.27
20 183.68
19 696.79
19 211.57

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

18 727.56
18 245.66
17 765.43
17 286.86
16 809.99

18 727.93
18 246.03
17 765.79
17 287.23
16 810.38

18 728.02
18 246.12
17 765.89
17 287.33
16 810.47

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

16 334.87
15 861.52
15 390.01
14 920.43
14 452.85

16 335.26
15 861.93
15 390.45
14 920.89
14 453.35

16 335.36
15 862.03
15 390.55
14 920.99
14 453.45

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

13 987.39
13 524.14
13 063.26
12 604.88
12 149.17

13 987.91
13 524.71
13 063.87
12 605.55
12 149.90

13 988.01
13 524.81
13 063.97
12 605.65
12 150.00

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

11 696.32
11 246.53
10 800.02
10 357.04
9 917.85

11 697.12
11 247.41
10 800.99
10 358.12
9 919.05

11 697.22
11 247.51
10 801.09
10 358.22
9 919.15

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

9 482.75
9 052.04
8 626.06
8 205.17
7 789.75

9 484.07
9 053.51
8 627.69
8 206.98
7 791.76

9 484.19
9 053.63
8 627.83
8 207.14
7 791.95

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

7 380.21
6 976.98
6 580.53
6 191.34
5 809.91

7 382.44
6 979.47
6 583.29
6 194.39
5 813.29

7 382.67
6 979.73
6 583.61
6 194.79
5 813.76

60
61
62
63
64

R[ x -1]+1

Rx

AM92
x

R[ x ]

R[ x -1]+1

Rx

65
66
67
68
69

5 436.77
5 072.46
4 717.54
4 372.60
4 038.20

5 440.50
5 076.57
4 722.06
4 377.55
4 043.61

5 441.07
5 077.25
4 722.87
4 378.51
4 044.74

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

3 714.94
3 403.41
3 104.17
2 817.78
2 544.78

3 720.83
3 409.79
3 111.06
2 825.19
2 552.69

3 722.14
3 411.31
3 112.79
2 827.16
2 554.91

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

2 285.66
2 040.87
1 810.80
1 595.76
1 396.00

2 294.06
2 049.74
1 820.09
1 605.43
1 405.97

2 296.55
2 052.49
1 823.11
1 608.71
1 409.51

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

1 211.64
1 042.74
889.21
750.83
627.27

1 221.85
1 053.09
899.59
761.13
637.38

1 225.62
1 057.05
903.72
765.38
641.69

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

518.06
422.60
340.15
269.86
210.79

527.85
431.95
348.95
278.01
218.21

532.17
436.22
353.10
281.99
221.95

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

161.90

168.54
127.94

171.99
131.06
98.09
72.01
51.78

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

36.41
25.00
16.73
10.89
6.89

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

4.22
2.50
1.43
.79
.41

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

.21
.10
.05
.02
.01

105
106
107
108
109

110

.00

110

4%

95

AM92
4%
2

Ax

0.016 96
0.017 78
0.018 67

23.367
23.276
23.180

0.101 27
0.104 78
0.108 44

0.017 16
0.017 97
0.018 85

17
18
19

0.112 10
0.116 08
0.120 23
0.124 55
0.129 05

0.019 64
0.020 70
0.021 84
0.023 08
0.024 43

23.081
22.978
22.870
22.758
22.641

0.112 26
0.116 24
0.120 38
0.124 69
0.129 19

0.019 82
0.020 86
0.022 00
0.023 24
0.024 58

20
21
22
23
24

22.523
22.396
22.265
22.128
21.985

0.133 73
0.138 60
0.143 67
0.148 94
0.154 42

0.025 89
0.027 47
0.029 17
0.031 02
0.033 01

22.520
22.393
22.261
22.124
21.982

0.133 86
0.138 73
0.143 79
0.149 06
0.154 54

0.026 03
0.027 61
0.029 31
0.031 15
0.033 14

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

21.837
21.683
21.523
21.357
21.185

0.160 11
0.166 03
0.172 18
0.178 57
0.185 20

0.035 15
0.037 47
0.039 96
0.042 64
0.045 52

21.834
21.680
21.520
21.354
21.182

0.160 23
0.166 15
0.172 30
0.178 68
0.185 31

0.035 28
0.037 59
0.040 08
0.042 76
0.045 65

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

21.006
20.821
20.628
20.429
20.223

0.192 07
0.199 21
0.206 60
0.214 26
0.222 20

0.048 61
0.051 93
0.055 49
0.059 30
0.063 38

21.003
20.818
20.625
20.426
20.219

0.192 19
0.199 33
0.206 72
0.214 39
0.222 34

0.048 74
0.052 07
0.055 63
0.059 45
0.063 54

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

20.009
19.788
19.560
19.324
19.080

0.230 41
0.238 91
0.247 70
0.256 78
0.266 15

0.067 75
0.072 41
0.077 38
0.082 67
0.088 32

20.005
19.784
19.555
19.319
19.075

0.230 56
0.239 07
0.247 87
0.256 96
0.266 36

0.067 92
0.072 59
0.077 58
0.082 89
0.088 56

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

18.829
18.569
18.302
18.027
17.745

0.275 83
0.285 80
0.296 07
0.306 64
0.317 52

0.094 31
0.100 68
0.107 44
0.114 60
0.122 17

18.823
18.563
18.295
18.019
17.736

0.276 05
0.286 05
0.296 35
0.306 95
0.317 86

0.094 58
0.100 98
0.107 78
0.114 98
0.122 60

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

17.454
17.156
16.851
16.538
16.218

0.328 68
0.340 14
0.351 89
0.363 92
0.376 23

0.130 17
0.138 61
0.147 49
0.156 84
0.166 65

17.444
17.145
16.838
16.524
16.202

0.329 07
0.340 58
0.352 38
0.364 48
0.376 85

0.130 65
0.139 15
0.148 11
0.157 55
0.167 45

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

15.891
15.558
15.219
14.874
14.523

0.388 79
0.401 61
0.414 66
0.427 94
0.441 43

0.176 93
0.187 69
0.198 93
0.210 64
0.222 82

15.873
15.537
15.195
14.847
14.493

0.389 50
0.402 40
0.415 56
0.428 96
0.442 58

0.177 85
0.188 74
0.200 12
0.212 00
0.224 37

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

14.167
13.808
13.444
13.077
12.708

0.455 10
0.468 94
0.482 92
0.497 03
0.511 23

0.235 47
0.248 57
0.262 11
0.276 08
0.290 46

14.134
13.769
13.401
13.029
12.653

0.456 40
0.470 41
0.484 58
0.498 90
0.513 33

0.237 23
0.250 58
0.264 40
0.278 68
0.293 40

60
61
62
63
64

a&&[ x ]

A[ x ]

17
18
19

23.372
23.280
23.185

0.101 08
0.104 60
0.108 27

20
21
22
23
24

23.086
22.982
22.874
22.762
22.645

25
26
27
28
29

A[ x ]

Note. 2 A[ x ] = A[ x ] at 8.16% and 2 Ax = Ax at 8.16%.

96

a&&x

Ax

AM92
4%
2

a&&x

Ax

0.305 22
0.320 33
0.335 78
0.351 51
0.367 51

12.276
11.896
11.515
11.135
10.754

0.527 86
0.542 46
0.557 10
0.571 75
0.586 38

0.308 55
0.324 10
0.340 03
0.356 30
0.372 89

65
66
67
68
69

0.596 87
0.610 93
0.624 85
0.638 60
0.652 14

0.383 72
0.400 12
0.416 65
0.433 27
0.449 93

10.375
9.998
9.623
9.252
8.886

0.600 97
0.615 48
0.629 88
0.644 14
0.658 24

0.389 75
0.406 86
0.424 16
0.441 62
0.459 19

70
71
72
73
74

8.698
8.359
8.027
7.703
7.388

0.665 45
0.678 51
0.691 27
0.703 73
0.715 85

0.466 59
0.483 20
0.499 71
0.516 09
0.532 27

8.524
8.169
7.820
7.478
7.144

0.672 14
0.685 81
0.699 24
0.712 38
0.725 23

0.476 83
0.494 48
0.512 10
0.529 65
0.547 07

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

7.082
6.785
6.499
6.222
5.957

0.727 62
0.739 03
0.750 05
0.760 68
0.770 90

0.548 22
0.563 90
0.579 27
0.594 30
0.608 95

6.818
6.502
6.194
5.897
5.610

0.737 75
0.749 93
0.761 75
0.773 19
0.784 25

0.564 32
0.581 36
0.598 14
0.614 61
0.630 75

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

5.701
5.457
5.223
5.000
4.788

0.780 72
0.790 12
0.799 11
0.807 69
0.815 85

0.623 20
0.637 01
0.650 38
0.663 29
0.675 73

5.333
5.066
4.811
4.566
4.332

0.794 90
0.805 14
0.814 98
0.824 39
0.833 38

0.646 52
0.661 88
0.676 80
0.691 27
0.705 25

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

4.586

0.823 62

0.687 68

4.109
3.897
3.695
3.504
3.323

0.841 96
0.850 12
0.857 87
0.865 22
0.872 18

0.718 74
0.731 72
0.744 17
0.756 09
0.767 48

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

3.153
2.992
2.840
2.698
2.564

0.878 75
0.884 94
0.890 77
0.896 25
0.901 39

0.778 34
0.788 67
0.798 47
0.807 76
0.816 54

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

2.439
2.321
2.212
2.110
2.015

0.906 21
0.910 71
0.914 92
0.918 85
0.922 51

0.824 83
0.832 63
0.839 97
0.846 86
0.853 31

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

1.926
1.844
1.768
1.697
1.632

0.925 91
0.929 07
0.932 01
0.934 72
0.937 24

0.859 34
0.864 98
0.870 23
0.875 12
0.879 66

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

1.571
1.516
1.464
1.417
1.374

0.939 56
0.941 70
0.943 67
0.945 49
0.947 15

0.883 87
0.887 77
0.891 37
0.894 69
0.897 75

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

1.334
1.298
1.264
1.229
1.176

0.948 68
0.950 08
0.951 39
0.952 73
0.954 78

0.900 56
0.903 15
0.905 57
0.908 04
0.911 81

115
116
117
118
119

120

1.000

0.961 54

0.924 56

120

a&&[ x ]

A[ x ]

65
66
67
68
69

12.337
11.965
11.592
11.221
10.850

0.525 50
0.539 81
0.554 14
0.568 44
0.582 70

70
71
72
73
74

10.481
10.116
9.754
9.396
9.044

75
76
77
78
79

A[ x ]

Ax

Note. 2 A[ x ] = A[ x ] at 8.16% and 2 Ax = Ax at 8.16%.

97

AM92
4%

98

( Ia&&)[ x ]

( IA)[ x ]

( Ia&&) x

( IA) x

17
18
19

467.226
461.881
456.412

5.401 64
5.515 65
5.630 60

467.124
461.784
456.320

5.400 71
5.514 73
5.629 69

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

450.817
445.097
439.249
433.275
427.174

5.746 37
5.862 84
5.979 86
6.097 30
6.215 01

450.729
445.013
439.170
433.200
427.102

5.745 47
5.861 95
5.978 99
6.096 44
6.214 15

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

420.947
414.593
408.114
401.510
394.783

6.332 80
6.450 51
6.567 94
6.684 88
6.801 12

420.878
414.528
408.051
401.450
394.726

6.331 95
6.449 67
6.567 10
6.684 05
6.800 29

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

387.935
380.966
373.879
366.676
359.361

6.916 44
7.030 57
7.143 28
7.254 28
7.363 31

387.878
380.911
373.825
366.623
359.308

6.915 59
7.029 72
7.142 42
7.253 40
7.362 39

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

351.937
344.407
336.776
329.048
321.228

7.470 05
7.574 21
7.675 46
7.773 46
7.867 88

351.883
344.353
336.720
328.991
321.169

7.469 09
7.573 20
7.674 38
7.772 31
7.866 63

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

313.323
305.337
297.278
289.153
280.970

7.958 35
8.044 52
8.126 02
8.202 46
8.273 47

313.260
305.271
297.207
289.077
280.888

7.956 99
8.043 03
8.124 35
8.200 60
8.271 37

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

272.737
264.462
256.156
247.828
239.488

8.338 65
8.397 62
8.450 01
8.495 42
8.533 51

272.647
264.365
256.049
247.711
239.360

8.336 28
8.394 93
8.446 95
8.491 93
8.529 50

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

231.149
222.820
214.514
206.244
198.022

8.563 90
8.586 24
8.600 22
8.605 54
8.601 90

231.007
222.664
214.342
206.053
197.811

8.559 29
8.580 95
8.594 12
8.598 51
8.593 81

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

189.861
181.774
173.775
165.878
158.094

8.589 08
8.566 87
8.535 08
8.493 60
8.442 34

189.627
181.516
173.489
165.561
157.744

8.579 76
8.556 11
8.522 68
8.479 31
8.425 88

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

150.440
142.926
135.566
128.373
121.359

8.381 28
8.310 44
8.229 90
8.139 81
8.040 36

150.053
142.499
135.096
127.856
120.790

8.362 34
8.288 67
8.204 91
8.111 17
8.007 60

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

( Ia&&)[ x ]

( IA)[ x ]

( Ia&&) x

( IA) x

65
66
67
68
69

114.533
107.909
101.494
95.297
89.327

7.931 82
7.814 53
7.688 86
7.555 27
7.414 26

113.911
107.228
100.751
94.489
88.450

7.894 42
7.771 92
7.640 43
7.500 35
7.352 15

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

83.589
78.089
72.832
67.819
63.053

7.266 40
7.112 29
6.952 57
6.787 95
6.619 14

82.641
77.067
71.732
66.640
61.793

7.196 35
7.033 51
6.864 24
6.689 22
6.509 13

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

58.534
54.260
50.230
46.440
42.885

6.446 87
6.271 92
6.095 04
5.916 97
5.738 48

57.192
52.836
48.723
44.851
41.215

6.324 70
6.136 69
5.945 86
5.752 98
5.558 83

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

39.559
36.457
33.570
30.890
28.410

5.560 29
5.383 08
5.207 53
5.034 26
4.863 82

37.811
34.633
31.673
28.924
26.378

5.364 17
5.169 76
4.976 31
4.784 53
4.595 08

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

26.118
24.007
22.065
20.283
18.651

4.696 75
4.533 50
4.374 48
4.220 03
4.070 43

24.025
21.858
19.866
18.039
16.368

4.408 56
4.225 55
4.046 57
3.872 08
3.702 50

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

17.159

3.925 89

14.843
13.453
12.191
11.045
10.007

3.538 17
3.379 39
3.226 40
3.079 39
2.938 48

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

9.070
8.223
7.460
6.774
6.156

2.803 78
2.675 30
2.553 06
2.437 01
2.327 08

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

5.602
5.104
4.659
4.259
3.902

2.223 16
2.125 12
2.032 81
1.946 07
1.864 71

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

3.582
3.295
3.039
2.811
2.606

1.788 53
1.717 34
1.650 92
1.589 07
1.531 58

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

2.424
2.261
2.115
1.985
1.869

1.478 23
1.428 82
1.383 15
1.341 02
1.302 22

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

1.765
1.672
1.584
1.492
1.351

1.266 54
1.233 70
1.202 99
1.171 57
1.123 76

115
116
117
118
119

120

1.000

0.961 54

120

4%

99

AM92
4%

100

a&&[ x ]:n

A[ x ]:n

17
18
19

20.941
20.750
20.552

0.194 59
0.201 90
0.209 53

20
21
22
23
24

20.346
20.131
19.908
19.675
19.433

25
26
27
28
29

a&&x:n

Ax:n

43
42
41

20.936
20.746
20.548

0.194 75
0.202 06
0.209 68

17
18
19

0.217 46
0.225 72
0.234 32
0.243 27
0.252 59

40
39
38
37
36

20.342
20.128
19.904
19.672
19.430

0.217 60
0.225 86
0.234 45
0.243 40
0.252 71

20
21
22
23
24

19.181
18.918
18.645
18.361
18.066

0.262 28
0.272 37
0.282 87
0.293 79
0.305 15

35
34
33
32
31

19.178
18.916
18.643
18.359
18.064

0.262 40
0.272 48
0.282 97
0.293 89
0.305 25

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

17.759
17.439
17.107
16.762
16.402

0.316 97
0.329 26
0.342 04
0.355 33
0.369 14

30
29
28
27
26

17.756
17.437
17.105
16.759
16.400

0.317 06
0.329 35
0.342 12
0.355 41
0.369 23

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

16.029
15.641
15.237
14.818
14.383

0.383 50
0.398 43
0.413 95
0.430 07
0.446 82

25
24
23
22
21

16.027
15.639
15.235
14.816
14.380

0.383 59
0.398 52
0.414 03
0.430 16
0.446 92

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

13.930
13.460
12.971
12.464
11.937

0.464 23
0.482 31
0.501 10
0.520 61
0.540 88

20
19
18
17
16

13.927
13.457
12.969
12.461
11.934

0.464 33
0.482 42
0.501 21
0.520 73
0.541 00

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

11.390
10.821
10.231
9.617
8.980

0.561 93
0.583 80
0.606 51
0.630 10
0.654 61

15
14
13
12
11

11.386
10.818
10.227
9.613
8.976

0.562 06
0.583 93
0.606 65
0.630 25
0.654 77

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

8.318
7.630
6.914
6.170
5.396

0.680 07
0.706 54
0.734 06
0.762 68
0.792 46

10
9
8
7
6

8.314
7.625
6.910
6.166
5.391

0.680 24
0.706 72
0.734 24
0.762 86
0.792 64

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

4.590
3.749
2.873
1.957
1.000

0.823 48
0.855 80
0.889 52
0.924 73
0.961 54

5
4
3
2
1

4.585
3.745
2.870
1.955
1.000

0.823 65
0.855 95
0.889 63
0.924 79
0.961 54

55
56
57
58
59

n = 60 - x

AM92
x

a&&[ x ]:n

A[ x ]:n

17
18
19

21.723
21.565
21.400

0.164 48
0.170 58
0.176 93

20
21
22
23
24

21.228
21.049
20.863
20.669
20.467

25
26
27
28
29

a&&x:n

Ax:n

48
47
46

21.719
21.561
21.396

0.164 66
0.170 74
0.177 09

17
18
19

0.183 54
0.190 42
0.197 59
0.205 05
0.212 81

45
44
43
42
41

21.224
21.045
20.859
20.665
20.464

0.183 69
0.190 57
0.197 73
0.205 18
0.212 94

20
21
22
23
24

20.257
20.038
19.811
19.574
19.328

0.220 90
0.229 31
0.238 05
0.247 16
0.256 62

40
39
38
37
36

20.254
20.035
19.808
19.571
19.325

0.221 02
0.229 42
0.238 17
0.247 26
0.256 73

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

19.072
18.806
18.529
18.241
17.942

0.266 47
0.276 71
0.287 35
0.298 42
0.309 92

35
34
33
32
31

19.069
18.803
18.526
18.239
17.940

0.266 57
0.276 81
0.287 45
0.298 52
0.310 02

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

17.631
17.308
16.973
16.625
16.263

0.321 87
0.334 29
0.347 19
0.360 59
0.374 51

30
29
28
27
26

17.629
17.306
16.970
16.622
16.260

0.321 97
0.334 39
0.347 29
0.360 70
0.374 62

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

15.887
15.497
15.092
14.672
14.237

0.388 96
0.403 95
0.419 52
0.435 67
0.452 43

25
24
23
22
21

15.884
15.494
15.089
14.669
14.233

0.389 07
0.404 07
0.419 65
0.435 81
0.452 58

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

13.785
13.316
12.829
12.325
11.802

0.469 82
0.487 86
0.506 56
0.525 96
0.546 08

20
19
18
17
16

13.780
13.311
12.824
12.320
11.796

0.469 98
0.488 03
0.506 75
0.526 17
0.546 30

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

11.259
10.697
10.113
9.508
8.880

0.566 95
0.588 58
0.611 02
0.634 30
0.658 46

15
14
13
12
11

11.253
10.690
10.106
9.500
8.872

0.567 19
0.588 84
0.611 30
0.634 60
0.658 78

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

8.228
7.551
6.847
6.115
5.353

0.683 54
0.709 58
0.736 64
0.764 79
0.794 10

10
9
8
7
6

8.219
7.542
6.838
6.106
5.344

0.683 88
0.709 93
0.737 01
0.765 16
0.794 46

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

4.559
3.730
2.863
1.954
1.000

0.824 65
0.856 54
0.889 90
0.924 85
0.961 54

5
4
3
2
1

4.550
3.722
2.857
1.951
1.000

0.824 99
0.856 85
0.890 13
0.924 98
0.961 54

60
61
62
63
64

n = 65 - x

4%

101

AM92
6%
2

A[ x ]

a&&x

Ax

0.039 02
0.040 80
0.042 70

0.006 11
0.006 30
0.006 52

16.974
16.943
16.909

16.877
16.839
16.798
16.756
16.710

0.044 72
0.046 86
0.049 14
0.051 57
0.054 14

0.006 77
0.007 05
0.007 38
0.007 75
0.008 16

25
26
27
28
29

16.662
16.611
16.557
16.499
16.439

0.056 86
0.059 76
0.062 82
0.066 07
0.069 51

30
31
32
33
34

16.374
16.306
16.234
16.158
16.078

35
36
37
38
39

a&&[ x ]

A[ x ]

17
18
19

16.977
16.946
16.912

20
21
22
23
24

Ax

0.039 21
0.040 99
0.042 88

0.006 30
0.006 48
0.006 69

17
18
19

16.874
16.836
16.796
16.753
16.708

0.044 89
0.047 03
0.049 30
0.051 72
0.054 28

0.006 93
0.007 21
0.007 53
0.007 90
0.008 31

20
21
22
23
24

0.008 63
0.009 16
0.009 75
0.010 41
0.011 15

16.660
16.609
16.554
16.497
16.436

0.057 01
0.059 90
0.062 96
0.066 20
0.069 64

0.008 77
0.009 30
0.009 88
0.010 54
0.011 28

25
26
27
28
29

0.073 16
0.077 01
0.081 09
0.085 40
0.089 95

0.011 97
0.012 89
0.013 90
0.015 03
0.016 27

16.372
16.304
16.232
16.156
16.075

0.073 28
0.077 14
0.081 21
0.085 52
0.090 07

0.012 10
0.013 01
0.014 03
0.015 15
0.016 40

30
31
32
33
34

15.993
15.903
15.809
15.709
15.605

0.094 75
0.099 82
0.105 16
0.110 79
0.116 72

0.017 65
0.019 16
0.020 84
0.022 67
0.024 69

15.990
15.901
15.806
15.707
15.602

0.094 88
0.099 95
0.105 30
0.110 94
0.116 88

0.017 78
0.019 30
0.020 98
0.022 82
0.024 85

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

15.494
15.378
15.257
15.129
14.995

0.122 96
0.129 52
0.136 41
0.143 65
0.151 23

0.026 90
0.029 33
0.031 98
0.034 87
0.038 02

15.491
15.375
15.253
15.125
14.991

0.123 13
0.129 70
0.136 60
0.143 85
0.151 46

0.027 07
0.029 51
0.032 18
0.035 09
0.038 26

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

14.855
14.708
14.554
14.393
14.226

0.159 18
0.167 50
0.176 19
0.185 28
0.194 76

0.041 45
0.045 17
0.049 21
0.053 59
0.058 32

14.850
14.703
14.548
14.387
14.219

0.159 43
0.167 78
0.176 51
0.185 63
0.195 16

0.041 72
0.045 48
0.049 56
0.053 98
0.058 76

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

14.051
13.870
13.681
13.485
13.282

0.204 63
0.214 91
0.225 60
0.236 69
0.248 18

0.063 42
0.068 92
0.074 83
0.081 18
0.087 97

14.044
13.861
13.671
13.474
13.269

0.205 08
0.215 42
0.226 17
0.237 34
0.248 92

0.063 92
0.069 49
0.075 48
0.081 92
0.088 82

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

13.072
12.855
12.631
12.400
12.163

0.260 08
0.272 37
0.285 06
0.298 12
0.311 55

0.095 24
0.102 98
0.111 23
0.119 98
0.129 26

13.057
12.838
12.612
12.378
12.138

0.260 92
0.273 33
0.286 14
0.299 35
0.312 94

0.096 21
0.104 09
0.112 50
0.121 44
0.130 93

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

11.919
11.670
11.415
11.155
10.890

0.325 33
0.339 45
0.353 88
0.368 61
0.383 60

0.139 07
0.149 41
0.160 29
0.171 71
0.183 66

11.891
11.638
11.379
11.114
10.844

0.326 92
0.341 25
0.355 92
0.370 91
0.386 20

0.140 98
0.151 60
0.162 80
0.174 57
0.186 92

60
61
62
63
64

Note. 2 A[ x ] = A[ x ] at 12.36% and 2 Ax = Ax at 12.36%.

102

AM92
6%
2

A[ x ]

a&&x

Ax

0.398 83
0.414 27
0.429 88
0.445 64
0.461 50

0.196 14
0.209 13
0.222 62
0.236 58
0.251 00

10.569
10.289
10.006
9.720
9.431

9.232
8.950
8.669
8.388
8.109

0.477 43
0.493 38
0.509 33
0.525 21
0.541 01

0.265 83
0.281 06
0.296 64
0.312 54
0.328 70

75
76
77
78
79

7.832
7.559
7.289
7.024
6.763

0.556 67
0.572 15
0.587 42
0.602 44
0.617 17

80
81
82
83
84

6.509
6.260
6.018
5.783
5.556

85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94

a&&[ x ]

A[ x ]

65
66
67
68
69

10.621
10.348
10.072
9.794
9.513

70
71
72
73
74

Ax

0.401 77
0.417 58
0.433 61
0.449 82
0.466 17

0.199 85
0.213 35
0.227 40
0.242 00
0.257 12

65
66
67
68
69

9.140
8.848
8.555
8.262
7.969

0.482 65
0.499 19
0.515 78
0.532 36
0.548 90

0.272 74
0.288 82
0.305 34
0.322 26
0.339 55

70
71
72
73
74

0.345 09
0.361 64
0.378 33
0.395 08
0.411 86

7.679
7.390
7.105
6.822
6.544

0.565 35
0.581 69
0.597 86
0.613 83
0.629 56

0.357 14
0.375 01
0.393 09
0.411 33
0.429 69

75
76
77
78
79

0.631 59
0.645 66
0.659 35
0.672 65
0.685 53

0.428 60
0.445 25
0.461 77
0.478 11
0.494 22

6.271
6.004
5.742
5.487
5.239

0.645 01
0.660 16
0.674 97
0.689 42
0.703 46

0.448 11
0.466 52
0.484 88
0.503 13
0.521 21

80
81
82
83
84

5.336
5.124
4.920
4.724
4.537

0.697 97
0.709 97
0.721 50
0.732 58
0.743 18

0.510 05
0.525 57
0.540 75
0.555 55
0.569 94

4.998
4.765
4.540
4.323
4.114

0.717 10
0.730 29
0.743 04
0.755 31
0.767 11

0.539 07
0.556 67
0.573 96
0.590 88
0.607 41

85
86
87
88
89

4.358

0.753 32

0.583 90

3.914
3.723
3.541
3.367
3.201

0.778 43
0.789 25
0.799 59
0.809 44
0.818 80

0.623 50
0.639 13
0.654 26
0.668 88
0.682 96

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

3.044
2.896
2.755
2.622
2.498

0.827 69
0.836 10
0.844 06
0.851 56
0.858 63

0.696 49
0.709 46
0.721 87
0.733 70
0.744 96

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

2.380
2.270
2.167
2.070
1.980

0.865 27
0.871 51
0.877 36
0.882 83
0.887 94

0.755 65
0.765 79
0.775 37
0.784 42
0.792 93

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

1.895
1.817
1.744
1.676
1.614

0.892 71
0.897 15
0.901 28
0.905 11
0.908 66

0.800 94
0.808 45
0.815 48
0.822 05
0.828 17

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

1.556
1.502
1.452
1.407
1.365

0.911 95
0.914 99
0.917 79
0.920 37
0.922 75

0.833 87
0.839 17
0.844 08
0.848 61
0.852 80

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

1.326
1.291
1.258
1.224
1.172

0.924 92
0.926 93
0.928 80
0.930 72
0.933 64

0.856 66
0.860 22
0.863 55
0.866 94
0.872 10

115
116
117
118
119

120

1.000

0.943 40

0.890 00

120

Note. 2 A[ x ] = A[ x ] at 12.36% and 2 Ax = Ax at 12.36%.

103

AM92
6%

104

( Ia&&)[ x ]

( IA)[ x ]

( Ia&&) x

( IA) x

17
18
19

268.142
266.392
264.567

1.799 55
1.867 08
1.936 81

268.083
266.336
264.514

1.799 40
1.866 92
1.936 64

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

262.666
260.687
258.626
256.482
254.253

2.008 74
2.082 89
2.159 25
2.237 82
2.318 58

262.615
260.638
258.579
256.437
254.210

2.008 56
2.082 70
2.159 06
2.237 62
2.318 37

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

251.936
249.531
247.034
244.444
241.759

2.401 51
2.486 57
2.573 73
2.662 93
2.754 10

251.896
249.491
246.996
244.407
241.724

2.401 29
2.486 35
2.573 50
2.662 70
2.753 86

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

238.978
236.099
233.120
230.041
226.861

2.847 18
2.942 06
3.038 64
3.136 81
3.236 43

238.943
236.065
233.087
230.008
226.827

2.846 92
2.941 80
3.038 37
3.136 53
3.236 13

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

223.579
220.194
216.706
213.116
209.424

3.337 35
3.439 40
3.542 39
3.646 13
3.750 37

223.545
220.159
216.671
213.079
209.385

3.337 02
3.439 04
3.542 00
3.645 69
3.749 89

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

205.630
201.736
197.744
193.654
189.471

3.854 89
3.959 42
4.063 68
4.167 36
4.270 14

205.589
201.692
197.696
193.603
189.416

3.854 35
3.958 80
4.062 97
4.166 55
4.269 22

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

185.197
180.834
176.388
171.863
167.264

4.371 70
4.471 66
4.569 65
4.665 29
4.758 18

185.136
180.768
176.315
171.783
167.175

4.370 62
4.470 41
4.568 20
4.663 59
4.756 18

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

162.597
157.867
153.082
148.249
143.376

4.847 89
4.934 00
5.016 09
5.093 72
5.166 47

162.497
157.757
152.959
148.113
143.224

4.845 55
4.931 26
5.012 87
5.089 94
5.162 03

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

138.472
133.545
128.605
123.662
118.726

5.233 89
5.295 58
5.351 13
5.400 16
5.442 29

138.302
133.356
128.394
123.427
118.464

5.228 68
5.289 47
5.343 97
5.391 76
5.432 47

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

113.808
108.918
104.067
99.267
94.528

5.477 20
5.504 57
5.524 16
5.535 74
5.539 13

113.516
108.594
103.707
98.868
94.087

5.465 72
5.491 18
5.508 56
5.517 59
5.518 08

60
61
62
63
64

AM92
x

( Ia&&)[ x ]

( IA)[ x ]

( Ia&&) x

( IA) x

65
66
67
68
69

89.861
85.277
80.785
76.397
72.121

5.534 21
5.520 93
5.499 28
5.469 31
5.431 14

89.374
84.740
80.196
75.752
71.416

5.509 85
5.492 80
5.466 88
5.432 09
5.388 51

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

67.965
63.939
60.048
56.300
52.700

5.384 97
5.331 01
5.269 59
5.201 07
5.125 86

67.198
63.105
59.146
55.326
51.652

5.336 28
5.275 60
5.206 73
5.129 99
5.045 77

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

49.251
45.958
42.822
39.846
37.028

5.044 44
4.957 31
4.865 04
4.768 19
4.667 37

48.128
44.758
41.545
38.491
35.596

4.954 52
4.856 72
4.752 91
4.643 69
4.529 64

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

34.369
31.866
29.517
27.320
25.268

4.563 20
4.456 30
4.347 29
4.236 78
4.125 36

32.860
30.283
27.861
25.594
23.475

4.411 42
4.289 68
4.165 09
4.038 31
3.910 00

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

23.359
21.586
19.944
18.426
17.026

4.013 61
3.902 05
3.791 19
3.681 49
3.573 36

21.503
19.671
17.974
16.406
14.962

3.780 82
3.651 39
3.522 31
3.394 16
3.267 46

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

15.738

3.467 16

13.634
12.417
11.303
10.287
9.361

3.142 70
3.020 33
2.900 75
2.784 31
2.671 32

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

8.518
7.754
7.061
6.435
5.869

2.562 02
2.456 63
2.355 32
2.258 21
2.165 37

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

5.358
4.898
4.483
4.111
3.776

2.076 86
1.992 70
1.912 86
1.837 31
1.765 98

100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107
108
109

3.475
3.205
2.963
2.746
2.551

1.698 78
1.635 63
1.576 39
1.520 96
1.469 20

105
106
107
108
109

110
111
112
113
114

2.377
2.221
2.081
1.956
1.845

1.420 96
1.376 11
1.334 50
1.295 98
1.260 40

110
111
112
113
114

115
116
117
118
119

1.744
1.654
1.570
1.481
1.345

1.227 60
1.197 34
1.169 04
1.140 18
1.096 31

115
116
117
118
119

120

1.000

0.943 40

120

6%

105

AM92
6%

106

a&&[ x ]:n

A[ x ]:n

17
18
19

16.076
15.990
15.898

20
21
22
23
24

n = 60 - x

a&&x:n

Ax:n

0.090 05
0.094 93
0.100 11

43
42
41

16.072
15.986
15.895

0.090 24
0.095 11
0.100 28

17
18
19

15.801
15.698
15.588
15.472
15.349

0.105 61
0.111 45
0.117 64
0.124 22
0.131 19

40
39
38
37
36

15.798
15.695
15.586
15.470
15.347

0.105 77
0.111 60
0.117 79
0.124 36
0.131 33

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

15.218
15.080
14.933
14.777
14.612

0.138 59
0.146 43
0.154 75
0.163 57
0.172 92

35
34
33
32
31

15.216
15.078
14.931
14.775
14.610

0.138 72
0.146 56
0.154 87
0.163 69
0.173 03

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

14.437
14.251
14.054
13.846
13.625

0.182 83
0.193 33
0.204 46
0.216 26
0.228 75

30
29
28
27
26

14.435
14.249
14.053
13.844
13.624

0.182 94
0.193 44
0.204 57
0.216 36
0.228 85

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

13.392
13.144
12.882
12.605
12.311

0.241 98
0.255 99
0.270 82
0.286 53
0.303 16

25
24
23
22
21

13.390
13.142
12.880
12.603
12.309

0.242 08
0.256 09
0.270 93
0.286 64
0.303 27

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

12.000
11.671
11.323
10.954
10.564

0.320 76
0.339 38
0.359 10
0.379 96
0.402 03

20
19
18
17
16

11.998
11.669
11.320
10.952
10.561

0.320 88
0.339 51
0.359 23
0.380 10
0.402 19

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

10.151
9.715
9.253
8.764
8.246

0.425 39
0.450 11
0.476 26
0.503 94
0.533 24

15
14
13
12
11

10.149
9.712
9.249
8.760
8.242

0.425 56
0.450 28
0.476 45
0.504 15
0.533 46

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

7.698
7.118
6.503
5.851
5.160

0.564 26
0.597 11
0.631 91
0.668 79
0.707 91

10
9
8
7
6

7.694
7.114
6.499
5.847
5.156

0.564 49
0.597 35
0.632 16
0.669 04
0.708 15

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

4.427
3.648
2.820
1.939
1.000

0.749 41
0.793 50
0.840 36
0.890 24
0.943 40

5
4
3
2
1

4.423
3.645
2.817
1.937
1.000

0.749 65
0.793 70
0.840 52
0.890 34
0.943 40

55
56
57
58
59

AM92
6%
x

a&&[ x ]:n

A[ x ]:n

17
18
19

16.409
16.343
16.272

20
21
22
23
24

n = 65 - x

a&&x:n

Ax:n

0.071 21
0.074 95
0.078 92

48
47
46

16.405
16.339
16.269

0.071 40
0.075 13
0.079 09

17
18
19

16.198
16.119
16.035
15.946
15.852

0.083 13
0.087 61
0.092 36
0.097 40
0.102 74

45
44
43
42
41

16.195
16.116
16.032
15.943
15.849

0.083 30
0.087 77
0.092 51
0.097 54
0.102 88

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

15.751
15.645
15.532
15.413
15.286

0.108 42
0.114 43
0.120 81
0.127 58
0.134 75

40
39
38
37
36

15.749
15.643
15.530
15.411
15.284

0.108 55
0.114 56
0.120 94
0.127 70
0.134 86

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

15.152
15.010
14.859
14.700
14.531

0.142 34
0.150 39
0.158 92
0.167 95
0.177 51

35
34
33
32
31

15.150
15.008
14.857
14.698
14.529

0.142 46
0.150 50
0.159 03
0.168 06
0.177 62

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

14.352
14.163
13.963
13.751
13.527

0.187 63
0.198 33
0.209 67
0.221 65
0.234 33

30
29
28
27
26

14.350
14.161
13.960
13.749
13.525

0.187 74
0.198 45
0.209 79
0.221 78
0.234 46

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

13.290
13.040
12.775
12.495
12.200

0.247 74
0.261 91
0.276 89
0.292 72
0.309 44

25
24
23
22
21

13.288
13.037
12.772
12.492
12.197

0.247 87
0.262 06
0.277 05
0.292 89
0.309 63

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

11.888
11.558
11.210
10.842
10.454

0.327 11
0.345 78
0.365 49
0.386 30
0.408 28

20
19
18
17
16

11.884
11.554
11.206
10.837
10.449

0.327 31
0.345 99
0.365 72
0.386 56
0.408 57

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

10.044
9.610
9.153
8.669
8.159

0.431 50
0.456 02
0.481 91
0.509 27
0.538 19

15
14
13
12
11

10.038
9.604
9.146
8.662
8.151

0.431 81
0.456 35
0.482 28
0.509 67
0.538 62

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

7.618
7.047
6.442
5.801
5.121

0.568 77
0.601 12
0.635 36
0.671 65
0.710 15

10
9
8
7
6

7.610
7.038
6.433
5.792
5.112

0.569 22
0.601 60
0.635 86
0.672 16
0.710 66

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

4.398
3.630
2.811
1.936
1.000

0.751 04
0.794 54
0.840 90
0.890 42
0.943 40

5
4
3
2
1

4.390
3.622
2.805
1.933
1.000

0.751 52
0.794 97
0.841 23
0.890 60
0.943 40

60
61
62
63
64

107

108

PENSIONER MORTALITY TABLES

PMA92 and PFA92 (Base tables)
and
PMA92C20 and PFA92C20 (Projected tables)
The Base tables are based on the mortality of pensioners insured by UK life
offices during the years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994. Mortality is measured by
amounts of annuities held.
The projected tables are projected to the calendar year 2020.
Full details are given in C.M.I.R. 16 and 17.

PROJECTION FORMULAE
The projected mortality rate applicable in a particular calendar year is
calculated using the formula:
qYear
( projected ) = q xBase RF ( x, t ) where t = Year - 1992
x

The reduction factor is calculated as: RF ( x, t ) = a + (1 - a)(1 - f )t

20

The parameters used are:

Age range

x < 60

0.13

0.55

60 x 110

110 - x
1 - 0.87
50

110 - x
x - 60
0.55
+ 0.29

50
50

x > 110

0.29

109

PMA92Base

110

qx

50
51
52
53
54

0.001 315
0.001 519
0.001 761
0.002 045
0.002 379

55
56
57
58
59

0.002 771
0.003 228
0.003 759
0.004 376
0.005 090

60
61
62
63
64

0.005 914
0.006 861
0.007 947
0.009 189
0.010 604

65
66
67
68
69

0.012 211
0.014 032
0.016 088
0.018 402
0.020 998

70
71
72
73
74

0.023 901
0.027 137
0.030 732
0.034 713
0.039 105

75
76
77
78
79

0.043 935
0.049 227
0.055 006
0.061 292
0.068 106

80
81
82
83
84

0.075 464
0.083 379
0.091 862
0.100 917
0.110 544

85
86
87
88
89

0.120 739
0.131 492
0.142 786
0.154 599
0.166 903

90
91
92
93
94

0.179 664
0.192 841
0.206 389
0.220 257
0.234 389

95
96
97
98
99

0.248 727
0.263 206
0.277 762
0.292 327
0.306 832

100
101
102
103
104

0.321 209
0.335 389
0.349 305
0.362 893
0.376 091

105

0.388 838

PFA92base
x

qx

50
51
52
53
54

0.001 271
0.001 456
0.001 670
0.001 917
0.002 200

55
56
57
58
59

0.002 524
0.002 894
0.003 317
0.003 799
0.004 345

60
61
62
63
64

0.004 965
0.005 667
0.006 458
0.007 350
0.008 352

65
66
67
68
69

0.009 476
0.010 734
0.012 138
0.013 703
0.015 442

70
71
72
73
74

0.017 371
0.019 505
0.021 861
0.024 455
0.027 306

75
76
77
78
79

0.030 432
0.033 849
0.037 577
0.041 632
0.046 035

80
81
82
83
84

0.050 800
0.055 946
0.061 488
0.067 441
0.073 817

85
86
87
88
89

0.080 629
0.087 885
0.095 594
0.103 761
0.112 386

90
91
92
93
94

0.121 470
0.131 009
0.140 996
0.151 420
0.162 267

95
96
97
98
99

0.173 519
0.185 155
0.197 150
0.209 477
0.222 103

100
101
102
103
104

0.234 995
0.248 115
0.261 424
0.274 879
0.288 437

105

0.302 054

111

PMA92C20
x

112

lx

dx

qx

mx

ex

50
51
52
53
54

9 941.923
9 936.504
9 930.244
9 922.995
9 914.580

5.418
6.260
7.249
8.415
9.776

0.000 545
0.000 630
0.000 730
0.000 848
0.000 986

0.000 507
0.000 585
0.000 677
0.000 786
0.000 914

34.10
33.12
32.14
31.17
30.19

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

9 904.805
9 893.434
9 880.196
9 864.803
9 846.908

11.371
13.237
15.393
17.895
20.777

0.001 148
0.001 338
0.001 558
0.001 814
0.002 110

0.001 063
0.001 239
0.001 444
0.001 681
0.001 957

29.22
28.25
27.29
26.33
25.38

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

9 826.131
9 802.048
9 773.083
9 738.388
9 696.990

24.084
28.965
34.694
41.398
49.193

0.002 451
0.002 955
0.003 550
0.004 251
0.005 073

0.002 266
0.002 685
0.003 241
0.003 889
0.004 651

24.43
23.49
22.56
21.64
20.73

60
61
62
63
64

65
66
67
68
69

9 647.797
9 589.602
9 521.065
9 440.717
9 346.970

58.195
68.537
80.348
93.746
108.836

0.006 032
0.007 147
0.008 439
0.009 930
0.011 644

0.005 543
0.006 583
0.007 792
0.009 191
0.010 806

19.83
18.95
18.08
17.23
16.40

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

9 238.134
9 112.449
8 968.099
8 803.265
8 616.170

125.685
144.350
164.834
187.096
211.010

0.013 605
0.015 841
0.018 380
0.021 253
0.024 490

0.012 661
0.014 783
0.017 204
0.019 956
0.023 072

15.59
14.79
14.02
13.28
12.55

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

8 405.160
8 168.798
7 905.934
7 615.818
7 298.223

236.362
262.864
290.116
317.595
344.688

0.028 121
0.032 179
0.036 696
0.041 702
0.047 229

0.026 587
0.030 537
0.034 962
0.039 899
0.045 390

11.86
11.18
10.54
9.92
9.33

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

6 953.536
6 582.891
6 188.234
5 772.378
5 339.057

370.644
394.658
415.856
433.321
446.180

0.053 303
0.059 952
0.067 201
0.075 068
0.083 569

0.051 473
0.058 188
0.065 576
0.073 676
0.082 522

8.77
8.23
7.73
7.25
6.80

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

4 892.878
4 439.230
3 984.138
3 534.054
3 095.591

453.648
455.092
450.084
438.463
420.387

0.092 716
0.102 516
0.112 969
0.124 068
0.135 802

0.092 149
0.102 590
0.113 873
0.126 023
0.139 060

6.37
5.97
5.59
5.24
4.91

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

2 675.203
2 278.869
1 911.771
1 578.012
1 280.416

396.334
367.099
333.759
297.596
260.008

0.148 151
0.161 088
0.174 581
0.188 589
0.203 065

0.152 998
0.167 846
0.183 606
0.200 273
0.217 836

4.61
4.32
4.06
3.81
3.59

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

1 020.409
798.003
611.905
459.696
338.101

222.405
186.098
152.209
121.595
94.813

0.217 957
0.233 205
0.248 746
0.264 511
0.280 429

0.236 273
0.255 556
0.275 647
0.296 499
0.318 054

3.38
3.18
3.00
2.84
2.68

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

243.288
171.171
117.693
79.050
51.848

72.117
53.478
38.644
27.202
18.647

0.296 425
0.312 423
0.328 344
0.344 113
0.359 653

0.340 247
0.363 002
0.386 232
0.409 842
0.433 729

2.54
2.41
2.29
2.18
2.08

100
101
102
103
104

105

33.200

12.446

0.374 887

0.457 778

1.99

105

PFA92C20
x

lx

dx

qx

mx

ex

50
51
52
53
54

9 952.697
9 947.452
9 941.454
9 934.574
9 926.676

5.245
5.998
6.879
7.898
9.053

0.000 527
0.000 603
0.000 692
0.000 795
0.000 912

0.000 492
0.000 563
0.000 645
0.000 741
0.000 851

37.08
36.10
35.12
34.15
33.17

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

9 917.623
9 907.249
9 895.370
9 881.764
9 866.200

10.374
11.879
13.606
15.564
17.769

0.001 046
0.001 199
0.001 375
0.001 575
0.001 801

0.000 976
0.001 120
0.001 284
0.001 472
0.001 685

32.20
31.24
30.27
29.31
28.36

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

9 848.431
9 828.163
9 804.173
9 775.888
9 742.640

20.268
23.991
28.285
33.248
38.932

0.002 058
0.002 441
0.002 885
0.003 401
0.003 996

0.001 918
0.002 236
0.002 655
0.003 135
0.003 691

27.41
26.46
25.53
24.60
23.68

60
61
62
63
64

65
66
67
68
69

9 703.708
9 658.285
9 605.483
9 544.325
9 473.745

45.423
52.802
61.158
70.580
81.124

0.004 681
0.005 467
0.006 367
0.007 395
0.008 563

0.004 332
0.005 069
0.005 914
0.006 882
0.007 986

22.78
21.88
21.00
20.13
19.28

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74

9 392.621
9 299.747
9 193.860
9 073.650
8 937.791

92.874
105.887
120.210
135.860
152.836

0.009 888
0.011 386
0.013 075
0.014 973
0.017 100

0.009 240
0.010 663
0.012 272
0.014 086
0.016 126

18.44
17.62
16.81
16.03
15.27

70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78
79

8 784.955
8 613.841
8 423.243
8 212.080
7 979.465

171.113
190.598
211.162
232.615
254.729

0.019 478
0.022 127
0.025 069
0.028 326
0.031 923

0.018 414
0.020 974
0.023 829
0.027 004
0.030 527

14.52
13.80
13.10
12.42
11.77

75
76
77
78
79

80
81
82
83
84

7 724.737
7 447.558
7 147.965
6 826.442
6 483.987

277.179
299.593
321.523
342.455
361.832

0.035 882
0.040 227
0.044 981
0.050 166
0.055 804

0.034 425
0.038 728
0.043 464
0.048 664
0.054 357

11.14
10.54
9.96
9.41
8.88

80
81
82
83
84

85
86
87
88
89

6 122.154
5 743.101
5 349.595
4 945.000
4 533.230

379.053
393.506
404.595
411.770
414.537

0.061 915
0.068 518
0.075 631
0.083 270
0.091 444

0.060 576
0.067 349
0.074 708
0.082 686
0.091 308

8.37
7.89
7.43
7.00
6.59

85
86
87
88
89

90
91
92
93
94

4 118.693
3 706.149
3 300.559
2 906.914
2 530.033

412.545
405.590
393.644
376.882
355.677

0.100 164
0.109 437
0.119 266
0.129 650
0.140 582

0.100 604
0.110 601
0.121 325
0.132 801
0.145 048

6.20
5.84
5.49
5.17
4.87

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99

2 174.356
1 843.738
1 541.271
1 269.152
1 028.591

330.617
302.467
272.119
240.562
208.795

0.152 053
0.164 051
0.176 555
0.189 545
0.202 991

0.158 084
0.171 926
0.186 586
0.202 071
0.218 386

4.58
4.32
4.07
3.84
3.62

95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104

819.796
642.013
493.627
372.325
275.277

177.783
148.385
121.303
97.048
75.930

0.216 863
0.231 125
0.245 737
0.260 654
0.275 830

0.235 531
0.253 502
0.272 288
0.291 872
0.312 234

3.41
3.22
3.05
2.89
2.73

100
101
102
103
104

105

199.347

58.053

0.291 217

0.333 348

2.59

105

113

PMA92C20
4%

a&&x

50
51
52
53
54

Ax

a&&x

18.843
18.567
18.281
17.985
17.680

0.088 02
0.094 71
0.101 87
0.109 54
0.117 73

50
51
52
53
54

19.539
19.291
19.034
18.768
18.494

0.074 21
0.079 78
0.085 74
0.092 11
0.098 91

55
56
57
58
59

17.364
17.038
16.702
16.356
15.999

0.126 47
0.135 80
0.145 74
0.156 32
0.167 56

55
56
57
58
59

18.210
17.917
17.615
17.303
16.982

0.106 16
0.113 90
0.122 14
0.130 91
0.140 24

60
61
62
63
64

15.632
15.254
14.868
14.475
14.073

0.179 50
0.192 17
0.205 50
0.219 50
0.234 16

60
61
62
63
64

16.652
16.311
15.963
15.606
15.242

0.150 15
0.160 68
0.171 77
0.183 43
0.195 66

65
66
67
68
69

13.666
13.252
12.834
12.412
11.988

0.249 46
0.265 38
0.281 90
0.298 99
0.316 60

65
66
67
68
69

14.871
14.494
14.111
13.723
13.330

0.208 47
0.221 83
0.235 76
0.250 22
0.265 21

70
71
72
73
74

11.562
11.136
10.711
10.288
9.870

0.334 69
0.353 20
0.372 08
0.391 25
0.410 65

70
71
72
73
74

12.934
12.535
12.135
11.734
11.333

0.280 69
0.296 64
0.313 02
0.329 80
0.346 93

75
76
77
78
79

9.456
9.049
8.649
8.258
7.877

0.430 21
0.449 84
0.469 47
0.489 03
0.508 44

75
76
77
78
79

10.933
10.536
10.142
9.752
9.367

0.364 37
0.382 07
0.399 97
0.418 02
0.436 16

80
81
82
83
84

7.506
7.148
6.801
6.468
6.148

0.527 62
0.546 50
0.565 01
0.583 10
0.600 71

80
81
82
83
84

8.989
8.618
8.254
7.900
7.555

0.454 33
0.472 47
0.490 53
0.508 45
0.526 16

85
86
87
88
89

5.842
5.551
5.273
5.010
4.762

0.617 79
0.634 29
0.650 19
0.665 45
0.680 06

85
86
87
88
89

7.220
6.896
6.582
6.281
5.991

0.543 63
0.560 80
0.577 62
0.594 05
0.610 06

90
91
92
93
94

4.527
4.306
4.098
3.903
3.721

0.693 99
0.707 25
0.719 83
0.731 74
0.742 97

90
91
92
93
94

5.713
5.447
5.193
4.951
4.722

0.625 60
0.640 66
0.655 20
0.669 21
0.682 68

95
96
97
98
99

3.551
3.393
3.245
3.109
2.982

0.753 56
0.763 50
0.772 82
0.781 55
0.789 69

95
96
97
98
99

4.504
4.297
4.102
3.918
3.744

0.695 59
0.707 94
0.719 73
0.730 97
0.741 64

100
101
102
103
104

2.864
2.755
2.655
2.562
2.477

0.797 28
0.804 34
0.810 89
0.816 96
0.822 57

100
101
102
103
104

3.581
3.428
3.284
3.149
3.023

0.751 77
0.761 36
0.770 43
0.778 99
0.787 05

105

2.399

0.827 74

105

2.905

0.794 63

Note. 2 Ax = Ax at 8.16%.

114

PFA92C20
Ax

115

10.978
8.833
6.876
5.235
3.963
3.039
2.400

10.494
8.357
6.441
4.864
3.664
2.808
2.223

10.368
8.238
6.336
4.777
3.597
2.757
2.186

12.560
12.125
11.687
11.247
10.807
10.233
8.110
6.224
4.687
3.528
2.706
2.149

12.427
11.991
11.552
11.112
10.672
10.088
7.975
6.107
4.593
3.456
2.654
2.112

12.282
11.845
11.406
10.966
10.526

14.393
13.985
13.569
13.145
12.716

9.932
7.831
5.985
4.496
3.384
2.602
2.075

12.126
11.688
11.248
10.808
10.369

14.248
13.837
13.418
12.992
12.561

9.766
7.679
5.857
4.396
3.310
2.549
2.038

11.958
11.520
11.080
10.640
10.201

14.090
13.675
13.254
12.826
12.394

16.016
15.651
15.276
14.891
14.495

9.590
7.520
5.725
4.294
3.235
2.496
2.001

11.778
11.339
10.900
10.460
10.023

13.918
13.501
13.078
12.648
12.215

15.864
15.495
15.116
14.727
14.327

9.404
7.355
5.588
4.189
3.160
2.444
1.965

11.586
11.147
10.708
10.270
9.835

13.734
13.314
12.888
12.458
12.023

15.699
15.326
14.942
14.549
14.145

9.209
7.182
5.449
4.084
3.084
2.391
1.930

11.382
10.944
10.506
10.070
9.637

13.536
13.114
12.686
12.255
11.819

15.521
15.143
14.755
14.357
13.950

17.258
16.931
16.594
16.246
15.888

9.005
7.005
5.306
3.977
3.008
2.339
1.895

11.167
10.729
10.293
9.859
9.429

13.325
12.901
12.472
12.039
11.604

15.328
14.945
14.553
14.151
13.742

17.090
16.758
16.416
16.064
15.701

8.792
6.822
5.161
3.870
2.933
2.288
1.861

10.940
10.504
10.070
9.639
9.213

13.101
12.675
12.245
11.812
11.376

15.121
14.733
14.337
13.932
13.520

16.909
16.572
16.225
15.867
15.499

7.636
5.860
4.422
3.340
2.571
2.049
1.708

9.662
9.243
8.830
8.423
8.025

11.796
11.368
10.939
10.511
10.085

13.880
13.473
13.061
12.644
12.222

15.801
15.433
15.057
14.672
14.279

+10

5.250
4.027
3.108
2.449
1.998
1.708
1.000

6.790
6.457
6.137
5.829
5.533

8.605
8.224
7.851
7.487
7.133

10.595
10.189
9.786
9.387
8.993

12.638
12.232
11.823
11.413
11.004

+20 d

70
75
80
85
90
95
100

65
66
67
68
69

60
61
62
63
64

55
56
57
58
59

11.412
9.295
7.335
5.660
4.339
3.361
2.670

12.682
12.248
11.811
11.372
10.933

14.526
14.121
13.708
13.287
12.859

16.156
15.795
15.423
15.041
14.650

17.413
17.091
16.758
16.415
16.062

+5

70
75
80
85
90
95
100

13.136
12.711
12.282
11.849
11.414

14.646
14.244
13.834
13.416
12.991

16.284
15.926
15.558
15.180
14.791

17.556
17.238
16.910
16.572
16.223

+4

13.529
13.112
12.692
12.267
11.840

14.756
14.356
13.949
13.533
13.111

16.400
16.046
15.681
15.306
14.921

17.688
17.374
17.050
16.716
16.371

+3

65
66
67
68
69

15.161
14.772
14.374
13.968
13.555

16.506
16.155
15.793
15.421
15.039

17.808
17.498
17.178
16.848
16.507

+2

15.509
15.129
14.740
14.343
13.939

16.602
16.253
15.894
15.525
15.146

17.918
17.612
17.295
16.968
16.631

+1

60
61
62
63
64

16.955
16.617
16.269
15.910
15.541

18.019
17.715
17.402
17.078
16.744

17.255
16.926
16.587
16.238
15.879

18.110
17.809
17.499
17.178
16.847

55
56
57
58
59

18.192
17.894
17.586
17.269
16.941

50
51
52
53
54

18.493
18.206
17.908
17.601
17.283

18.746
18.467
18.179
17.881
17.573

50
51
52
53
54

10

d 20

Age difference d ( = y - x )

a&&xy for male (x) and female (y)

PMA92C20 and PFA92C20

4%

116

INTERNATIONAL ACTUARIAL NOTATION

Reproduced from Bulletin of the Permanent Committee of the International
Congress of Actuaries, 46, 207 (1949), Journal of the Institute of Actuaries,
75, 121 (1949) and Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries, 19, 89 (194950).

117

The existing international actuarial notation was founded on the Key

to the Notation given in the Institute of Actuaries Text Book, Part II,
Life Contingencies by George King (1887), and was adopted by the
Second International Actuarial Congress, London, 1898
(Transactions, pp. 618640) with minor revisions approved by the
Third International Congress, Paris, 1900 (Transactions, pp. 622
651). Further revisions were discussed during 19371939, and were
introduced by the Institute and the Faculty in 1949 (J.I.A., 75, 121
and T.F.A., 19, 89). These revisions were finally adopted
internationally at the Fourteenth International Actuarial Congress,
Madrid, 1954 (Bulletin of the Permanent Committee of the
International Congress of Actuaries (1949), 46, pp. 207217).
The general principles on which the system is based are as follows:
To each fundamental symbolic letter are attached signs and letters
each having its own signification.
The lower space to the left is reserved for signs indicating the
conditions relative to the duration of the operations and to their
position with regard to time.
The lower space to the right is reserved for signs indicating the
conditions relative to ages and the order of succession of the events.
The upper space to the right is reserved for signs indicating the
periodicity of events.
The upper space to the left is free, and in it can be placed signs
corresponding to other notions.
In what follows these two conventions are used:
A letter enclosed in brackets, thus (x), denotes a person aged x.
A letter or number enclosed in a right angle, thus n or 15 , denotes a
term-certain of years.

118

FUNDAMENTAL SYMBOLIC LETTERS

1.1

INTEREST
i = the effective rate of interest, namely, the total interest earned on 1
in a year on the assumption that the actual interest (if receivable
otherwise than yearly) is invested forthwith as it becomes due on the
same terms as the original principal.
v = (1 + i) -1 = the present value of 1 due one year hence.
d = 1 - v = the discount on 1 due one year hence.
d = log e (1 + i ) = - log e (1 - d ) = the force of interest or the force of
discount.

1.2

MORTALITY TABLES
l = number living.
d = number dying.
p = probability of living.
q = probability of dying.
m = force of mortality.
m = central death rate.
a = present value of an annuity.
s = amount of an annuity.
e = expectation of life.
A = present value of an assurance.
E = present value of an endowment.
P = premium per annum. P generally refers to net premiums, p to
special premiums.
p = premium per annum.
V = policy value.
W = paid-up policy.

119

The methods of using the foregoing principal letters and their precise
meaning when added to by suffixes, etc., follow.
1.3

INTEREST
i ( m ) = m{(1 + i )1/ m - 1} = the nominal rate of interest, convertible m
times a year.
an = v + v 2 + ... + v n = the value of an annuity-certain of 1 per annum

for n years, the payments being made at the end of each year.
a&&n = 1 + v + v 2 + ... + v n -1 = the value of a similar annuity, the

payments being made at the beginning of each year.

sn = 1 + (1 + i ) + (1 + i ) 2 + ... + (1 + i )n -1 = the amount of an annuity-

certain of 1 per annum for n years, the payments being made at the
end of each year.
&&
sn = (1 + i ) + (1 + i ) 2 + ... + (1 + i )n = the amount of a similar annuity,

the payments being made at the beginning of each year.

The diaeresis or trema ( ) above the letters a and s is used as a
symbol of acceleration of payments.
1.4

MORTALITY TABLES
The ages of the lives involved are denoted by letters placed as
suffixes in the lower space to the right. Thus:
l x = the number of persons who attain age x according to the mortality
table.
d x = l x - lx +1 = the number of persons who die between ages x and
x + 1 according to the mortality table.
p x = the probability that (x) will live 1 year.

120

q x = the probability that (x) will die within 1 year.

mx = -

1 dl x
= the force of mortality at age x.
l x dx

mx = the central death-rate for the year of age x to x + 1

= dx

0 lx +t dt.

ex = the curtate expectation of life (or average after-lifetime) of (x).

In the following it is always to be understood (unless otherwise

expressed) that the annual payment of an annuity is 1, that the sum
assured in any case is 1, and that the symbols indicate the present
values:
a x = an annuity, first payment at the end of a year, to continue during
the life of (x).
a&&x = 1 + a x = an annuity-due to continue during the life of (x), the
first payment to be made at once.
Ax = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x).

Note. ex = a x at rate of interest i = 0.

A letter or number at the lower left corner of the principal symbol
denotes the number of years involved in the probability or benefit in
question. Thus:
= the probability that (x) will live n years.
n q x = the probability that (x) will die within n years.
n px

Note. When n = 1 it is customary to omit it (as shown above)

provided no ambiguity is introduced.
= v n n p x = the value of an endowment on (x) payable at the end
of n years if (x) be then alive.
n Ex

121

If the letter or number comes before a perpendicular bar it shows that

a period of deferment is meant. Thus:
q
n x

= the probability that (x) will die in a year, deferred n years; that

is, that he will die in the (n + 1)th year.

a
n x

= an annuity on (x) deferred n years; that is, that the first

payment is to be made at the end of (n + 1) years.

a
nt x

= an intercepted, or deferred, temporary annuity on (x) deferred

n years and, after that, to run for t years.

A letter or number in brackets at the upper right corner of the
principal symbol shows the number of intervals into which the year is
to be divided. Thus:
a x( m ) = an annuity of (x) payable by m instalments of 1/m each
throughout the year, the first payment being one of 1/m at the end of
the first 1/mth of a year.
a&&x( m ) = a similar annuity but the first payment of 1/m is to be made at

once, so that a&&x( m ) = 1/ m + a x( m ) .

Ax( m) = an assurance payable at the end of that fraction 1/m of a year
in which (x) dies.

If m then instead of writing () a bar is placed over the principal

symbol. Thus:
a = a continuous or momently annuity.
A = an assurance payable at the moment of death.

122

A small circle placed over the principal symbol shows that the benefit
is to be complete. Thus:
ao = a complete annuity.
eo = the complete expectation of life.

Note. Some consider that e would be as appropriate as eo . As

ex = a x at rate of interest i = 0, so also the complete expectation of
life = a x at rate of interest i = 0.
When more than one life is involved the following rules are observed:
If there are two or more letters or numbers in a suffix without any
distinguishing mark, joint lives are intended. Thus:
l xy = l x l y ,

d xy = l xy - l x +1: y +1.

Note. When, for the sake of distinctness, it is desired to separate

letters or numbers in a suffix, a colon is placed between them. A
colon is used instead of a point or comma to avoid confusion with
decimals when numbers are involved.
a xyz = an annuity, first payment at the end of a year, to continue

during the joint lives of (x), (y) and (z).

Axyz = an assurance payable at the end of the year of the failure of the

joint lives (x), (y) and (z).

In place of a life a term-certain may be involved. Thus:
a x:n = an annuity to continue during the joint duration of the life of

(x) and a term of n years certain; that is, a temporary annuity for n
years on the life of (x).
Ax:n = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if he

dies within n years, or at the end of n years if (x) be then alive; that is,
an endowment assurance for n years.
123

If a perpendicular bar separates the letters in the suffix, then the status
after the bar is to follow the status before the bar. Thus:
a yx = a reversionary annuity, that is, an annuity on the life of (x)

after the death of (y).

Azxy = an assurance payable on the failure of the joint lives (x) and

(y) provided both these lives survive (z).

If a horizontal bar appears above the suffix then survivors of the lives,
and not joint lives, are intended. The number of survivors can be
denoted by a letter or number over the right end of the bar. If that
letter, say r, is not distinguished by any mark, then the meaning is at
least r survivors; but if it is enclosed in square brackets, [r], then the
meaning is exactly r survivors. If no letter or number appears over
the bar, then unity is supposed and the meaning is at least one
survivor. Thus:
a xyz = an annuity payable so long as at least one of the three lives (x),

(y) and (z) is alive.

a xyz2 = an annuity payable so long as at least two of the three lives

(x), (y) and (z) are alive.

p[2]
= probability that exactly two of the three lives (x), (y) and (z)
xyz

will survive a year.

n q xy

= probability that the survivor of the two lives (x) and (y) will

die within n years = n q x n q y .

n Axy

= an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of the

survivor of the lives (x) and (y) provided the death occurs within n
years.
When numerals are placed above or below the letters of the suffix,
they designate the order in which the lives are to fail. The numeral
124

placed over the suffix points out the life whose failure will finally
determine the event; and the numerals placed under the suffix
indicate the order in which the other lives involved are to fail. Thus:
A1xy = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if he

dies first of the two lives (x) and (y).

2
Axyz
= an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if

he dies second of the three lives (x), (y) and (z).

2
Axyz
= an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if
1

he dies second of the three lives, (y) having died first.

Axy:z = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of the
3

survivor of (x) and (y) if he dies before (z).

A1x:n = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if

he dies within a term of n years.

a yzx
1
an annuity to ( x) after the failure of the survivor of ( y ) and ( z ),
or =
provided ( z ) fails before ( y ).
a 2yzx

Note. Sometimes to make quite clear that a joint-life status is

G
H
involved a symbol
is placed above the lives included. Thus
1
A GH
= a joint-life temporary assurance on (x) and (y).
xy:n

125

In the case of reversionary annuities, distinction has sometimes to be

made between those where the times of year at which payments are to
take place are determined at the outset and those where the times
depend on the failure of the preceding status. Thus:
a yx = annuity to (x), first payment at the end of the year of death of

(y) or, on the average, about 6 months after his death.

a yx = annuity to (x), first payment 1 year after the death of (y).
ao yx = complete annuity to (x), first payment 1 year after the death of

(y).

126

ANNUAL PREMIUMS
The symbol P with the appropriate suffix or suffixes is used in simple
cases, where no misunderstanding can occur, to denote the annual
premium for a benefit. Thus:
Px = the annual premium for an assurance payable at the end of the
year of death of (x).
Px:n = the annual premium for an endowment assurance on (x)

payable after n years or at the end of the year of death of (x) if he dies
within n years.
1
Pxy
= the annual premium for a contingent assurance payable at the

end of the year of death of (x) if he dies before (y).

In all cases it is optional to use the symbol P in conjunction with the
principal symbol denoting the benefit. Thus instead of Px:n we may
write P( Ax:n ) . In the more complicated cases it is necessary to use
the two symbols in this way. Suffixes, etc., showing the conditions of
the benefit are to be attached to the principal letter, and those showing
the condition of payment of the premium are to be attached to the
subsidiary symbol P. Thus:
n P ( Ax ) =

the annual premium payable for n years only for an

assurance payable at the moment of death of (x).
Pxy ( Ax ) = the annual premium payable during the joint lives of (x)

and (y) for an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x).
n P ( na x ) =

the annual premium payable for n years only for an

annuity on (x) deferred n years.
tP

( m)

( Ax:n ) = the annual premium payable for t years only, by m

instalments throughout the year, for an endowment assurance for n

years on (x) (see below as to P ( m) ).
127

Notes. (1) As a general rule the symbol P could be used without the
principal symbol in the case of assurances where the sum assured is
payable at the end of the year of death, but if it is payable at other
times, or if the benefit is an annuity, then the principal symbol should
be used.
(2) Px( m) . A point which was not brought out when the international
system was adopted is that there are two kinds of premiums payable
m times a year, namely those which cease on payment of the
instalment immediately preceding death and those which continue to
be payable to the end of the year of death. To distinguish the latter,
the m is sometimes enclosed in square brackets, thus P[ m] .

128

POLICY VALUES AND PAID-UP POLICIES

= the value of an ordinary whole-life assurance on (x) which has
been t years in force, the premium then just due being unpaid.
tVx

tWx

= the paid-up policy the present value of which is tVx .

The symbols V and W may, in simple cases, be used alone, but in the
more complicated cases it is necessary to insert the full symbol for the
benefit thus:
tV

(m)

( Ax:n ) (corresponding to P ( m) ( Ax:n )),

tV ( n a x ).

Note. As a general rule V or W can be used as the main symbol if the

sum assured is payable at the end of the year of death and the
premium is payable periodically throughout the duration of the
assurance. If the premium is payable for a limited number of years,
say n, the policy value after t years could be written tV [ n P( A)], or, if
desired, tnV ( A).
In investigations where modified premiums and policy values are in
question such modification may be denoted by adding accents to the
symbols. Thus, when a premium other than the net premium
(a valuation premium) is used in a valuation it may be denoted by P
and the corresponding policy value by V . Similarly, the office
(or commercial) premium may be denoted by P and the
corresponding paid-up policy by W .

129

COMPOUND SYMBOLS
( Ia ) = an annuity

commencing at 1 and increasing 1 per annum.

( IA) = an assurance

If the whole benefit is to be temporary the symbol of limitation is

placed outside the brackets. Thus:
( Ia ) x:n = a temporary increasing annuity.
( IA)1x:n = a temporary increasing assurance.

If only the increase is to be temporary but the benefit is to continue

thereafter, then the symbol of limitation is placed immediately after
the symbol I. Thus:
( I n a ) x = a whole-life annuity

increasing for n years and thereafter

( I n A) x = a whole-life assurance stationary.

If the benefit is a decreasing one, the corresponding symbol is D.

From the nature of the case this decrease must have a limit, as
otherwise negative values might be implied. Thus:
( Dn A)1x:n = a temporary assurance commencing at n and decreasing

by 1 in each successive year.

If the benefit is a varying one the corresponding symbol is v. Thus:
(va ) = a varying annuity.

130

COMMUTATION COLUMNS

5.1

SINGLE LIVES
Dx = v xlx ,
N x = Dx + Dx +1 + Dx + 2 + etc.,
S x = N x + N x +1 + N x + 2 + etc.,

C x = v x +1d x ,
M x = C x + C x +1 + C x + 2 + etc.,
Rx = M x + M x +1 + M x + 2 + etc.

When it is desired to construct the assurance columns so as to give

directly assurances payable at the moment of death, the symbols are
distinguished by a bar placed over them. Thus:
C x = v x + d x which is an approximation to

1 x +t
v m x + t l x + t dt.
0

M x = C x + C x +1 + C x + 2 + etc.
Rx = M x + M x +1 + M x + 2 + etc.

5.2

JOINT LIVES
Dxy = v( x + y )l xy ,
N xy = Dxy + Dx +1: y +1 + Dx + 2: y + 2 + etc.
C xy = v( x + y ) +1d xy ,
M xy = C xy + C x +1: y +1 + C x + 2: y + 2 + etc.
C1xy = v( x + y ) +1d xl y + ,
M 1xy = C1xy + C x 1+1: y +1 + C x 1+ 2: y + 2 + etc.

131

SELECTION
If the suffix to a symbol which denotes the age is enclosed in a square
bracket it indicates the age at which the life was selected. To this
may be added, outside the bracket, the number of years which have
elapsed since selection, so that the total suffix denotes the present age.
Thus:
l[ x ]+ t = the number in the select life table who were selected at age x

and have attained age x + t.

d[ x]+ t = l[ x ]+ t - l[ x ]+ t +1.
a[ x] = value of an annuity on a life now aged x and now select.
a[ x - n ]+ n = value of an annuity on a life now aged x and select n years

ago at age x - n.
N[ x ] = D[ x ] + D[ x]+1 + D[ x ]+ 2 + ...
a&&[ x ] = N[ x ] D[ x ] = 1 + a[ x ],

and similarly for other functions.

When Dr Sprague presented his statement [in 1900] he mentioned
that an objection had been raised that the notation in some cases
offers the choice of two symbols for the same benefit. For instance, a
temporary annuity may be denoted either by n a x or by a x:n . This is,
he says, a necessary consequence of the principles underlying the
system, and neither of the alternative forms could have been
suppressed without injury to the symmetry of the system.

132

SICKNESS TABLE
(MANCHESTER UNITY METHODOLOGY)
S(MU)
This table was produced using the methodology underlying that of the
Manchester Unity Sickness Experience 189397. The underlying rates of
sickness have, however, been updated to reflect more modern experience, and
have been combined with the mortality of English Life Tables No. 15 (Males).

133

S(MU)
Central rates of sickness (weeks per annum)
Duration of sickness in weeks
013

1326

2652

52104

Age

134

104

All
Age

16
17
18
19

0.315 0
0.332 3
0.348 2
0.357 6

0.004 8
0.008 0
0.008 8
0.009 7

0.001 2
0.004 4
0.005 0
0.005 6

0.000 0
0.002 0
0.003 9
0.004 4

0.000 0
0.000 0
0.001 1
0.003 0

0.321 0
0.346 7
0.367 0
0.380 3

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

0.366 5
0.374 9
0.383 0
0.390 5
0.397 7

0.010 6
0.011 6
0.012 7
0.013 9
0.015 1

0.006 3
0.007 0
0.007 8
0.008 7
0.009 7

0.005 1
0.005 8
0.006 6
0.007 4
0.008 4

0.004 8
0.006 8
0.008 9
0.011 3
0.014 0

0.393 3
0.406 1
0.419 0
0.431 8
0.444 9

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

0.402 6
0.410 9
0.417 1
0.423 0
0.428 7

0.016 4
0.017 8
0.019 3
0.020 9
0.022 5

0.010 8
0.011 9
0.013 2
0.014 6
0.016 1

0.009 5
0.010 7
0.012 0
0.013 5
0.015 1

0.017 0
0.020 3
0.024 1
0.028 4
0.033 2

0.456 3
0.471 6
0.485 7
0.500 4
0.515 6

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

0.434 4
0.439 8
0.445 4
0.451 0
0.456 7

0.024 3
0.026 2
0.028 3
0.030 4
0.032 8

0.017 7
0.019 5
0.021 5
0.023 6
0.025 9

0.016 9
0.018 9
0.021 1
0.023 6
0.026 3

0.038 6
0.044 8
0.051 8
0.059 6
0.068 6

0.531 9
0.549 2
0.568 1
0.588 2
0.610 3

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

0.462 6
0.468 8
0.475 2
0.482 2
0.489 8

0.035 3
0.037 9
0.040 8
0.043 9
0.047 3

0.028 4
0.031 2
0.034 2
0.037 6
0.041 2

0.029 3
0.032 7
0.036 4
0.040 5
0.045 2

0.078 7
0.090 1
0.103 1
0.117 9
0.134 6

0.634 3
0.660 7
0.689 7
0.722 1
0.758 1

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

0.497 9
0.506 7
0.516 3
0.526 9
0.538 6

0.050 9
0.054 8
0.059 1
0.063 8
0.068 9

0.045 3
0.049 7
0.054 6
0.060 1
0.066 1

0.050 3
0.056 1
0.062 5
0.069 7
0.077 8

0.153 6
0.175 2
0.199 7
0.227 7
0.259 5

0.798 0
0.842 5
0.892 2
0.948 2
1.010 9

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

0.551 4
0.565 6
0.581 2
0.598 6
0.617 8

0.074 5
0.080 6
0.087 4
0.094 8
0.103 1

0.072 9
0.080 4
0.088 8
0.098 2
0.108 8

0.086 9
0.097 2
0.108 8
0.122 0
0.137 0

0.295 9
0.337 4
0.385 0
0.439 5
0.502 0

1.081 6
1.161 2
1.251 2
1.353 1
1.468 7

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

0.639 0
0.662 6
0.688 8
0.717 8
0.749 9

0.112 3
0.122 5
0.133 9
0.146 6
0.160 9

0.120 7
0.134 1
0.149 3
0.166 6
0.186 2

0.154 0
0.173 4
0.195 6
0.221 0
0.250 3

0.574 0
0.656 9
0.752 7
0.863 6
0.992 1

1.600 0
1.749 5
1.920 3
2.115 6
2.339 4

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

0.785 6
0.825 1
0.869 1
0.917 7
0.971 7

0.176 9
0.194 9
0.215 3
0.238 2
0.264 2

0.208 5
0.234 0
0.263 2
0.296 7
0.335 1

0.283 9
0.322 8
0.367 7
0.419 9
0.480 4

1.141 6
1.315 8
1.519 3
1.757 8
2.037 8

2.596 5
2.892 6
3.234 6
3.630 3
4.089 2

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

1.031 1
1.096 8
1.169 0
1.247 8
1.333 5

0.293 5
0.326 8
0.364 3
0.406 7
0.454 3

0.379 3
0.430 0
0.488 4
0.555 5
0.632 5

0.550 8
0.632 8
0.728 5
0.840 0
0.970 0

2.367 7
2.757 4
3.218 9
3.767 0
4.419 8

4.622 4
5.243 8
5.969 1
6.817 0
7.810 1

60
61
62
63
64

S(MU)
Present value of a sickness benefit payable at the rate of
1 per week during sickness of the following durations.
All benefits cease at the earlier of death or attainment of age 65.

4%

Duration of sickness in weeks

013

1326

2652

52104

Age

104

All
Age

16
17
18
19

10.236
10.329
10.412
10.482

1.113
1.153
1.192
1.232

1.171
1.217
1.262
1.309

1.515
1.576
1.639
1.702

5.786
6.021
6.266
6.522

19.821
20.297
20.771
21.246

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

10.546
10.603
10.654
10.699
10.739

1.272
1.313
1.355
1.398
1.441

1.357
1.406
1.456
1.508
1.560

1.767
1.834
1.903
1.974
2.047

6.785
7.057
7.339
7.630
7.931

21.726
22.213
22.707
23.209
23.718

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

10.772
10.802
10.825
10.842
10.853

1.484
1.528
1.573
1.617
1.662

1.614
1.669
1.725
1.783
1.841

2.122
2.199
2.278
2.359
2.442

8.241
8.561
8.890
9.229
9.578

24.235
24.760
25.291
25.830
26.376

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

10.860
10.862
10.858
10.849
10.834

1.707
1.752
1.797
1.842
1.887

1.899
1.959
2.020
2.080
2.142

2.527
2.613
2.701
2.790
2.880

9.936
10.303
10.680
11.065
11.458

26.929
27.489
28.055
28.626
29.201

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

10.813
10.787
10.754
10.715
10.668

1.931
1.974
2.017
2.059
2.100

2.203
2.265
2.327
2.388
2.449

2.972
3.064
3.158
3.251
3.345

11.859
12.267
12.682
13.103
13.527

29.778
30.358
30.939
31.517
32.089

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

10.613
10.548
10.473
10.387
10.288

2.139
2.176
2.212
2.245
2.274

2.509
2.568
2.625
2.680
2.732

3.438
3.531
3.622
3.710
3.796

13.953
14.380
14.804
15.223
15.634

32.653
33.203
33.735
34.245
34.725

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

10.176
10.048
9.904
9.740
9.556

2.301
2.323
2.341
2.353
2.360

2.780
2.825
2.864
2.898
2.925

3.878
3.955
4.026
4.090
4.145

16.034
16.418
16.781
17.117
17.419

35.169
35.569
35.916
36.199
36.405

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

9.348
9.114
8.851
8.554
8.219

2.359
2.350
2.331
2.302
2.259

2.944
2.952
2.949
2.932
2.899

4.189
4.219
4.233
4.228
4.200

17.678
17.884
18.025
18.085
18.046

36.517
36.520
36.390
36.101
35.624

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

7.842
7.417
6.938
6.397
5.786

2.202
2.127
2.033
1.915
1.769

2.846
2.770
2.667
2.532
2.358

4.143
4.053
3.922
3.743
3.506

17.888
17.584
17.104
16.409
15.455

34.921
33.951
32.663
30.995
28.875

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

5.096
4.316
3.433
2.431
1.293

1.592
1.378
1.120
0.810
0.441

2.140
1.867
1.531
1.118
0.613

3.199
2.808
2.316
1.702
0.941

14.184
12.528
10.401
7.698
4.286

26.211
22.897
18.800
13.759
7.574

60
61
62
63
64

135

Annuity values, allowing for mortality only,

on the basis of ELT15 (Males)
4%

136

a x:65 - x

16
17
18
19

21.231
21.072
20.911
20.746

20
21
22
23
24

20.573
20.394
20.208
20.015
19.813

25
26
27
28
29

19.604
19.385
19.157
18.920
18.674

30
31
32
33
34

18.418
18.152
17.875
17.588
17.289

35
36
37
38
39

16.979
16.658
16.326
15.982
15.626

40
41
42
43
44

15.256
14.873
14.476
14.064
13.638

45
46
47
48
49

13.197
12.740
12.268
11.779
11.274

50
51
52
53
54

10.752
10.212
9.653
9.075
8.475

55
56
57
58
59

7.854
7.210
6.541
5.846
5.123

60
61
62
63
64

4.368
3.580
2.754
1.886
0.970

SICKNESS TABLE
(INCEPTION RATE / DISABILITY
ANNUITY METHODOLOGY)
S(ID)
This table was produced using an inception rate/disability annuity method
based on results presented in C.M.I.R. 12. The following are tabulated:
claim inception rates
present values of current claim sickness annuities
present values of annuities payable during sickness for lives currently
healthy
The annuities cease at the earliest of:
death;
attainment of age 65;
recovery from sickness.

137

S(ID)
Claim inception rates, (ia) x,d , for the given
ages x and deferred periods d years.

(These rates are central, and (when d = 0) allow for the possibility of falling
sick more than once during the year of age from x to x + 1. It was assumed in
the construction of this table that all lives are healthy at exact age 30.)
Deferred period in years, d

138

Age, x

30
31
32
33
34

0.322 744
0.318 254
0.313 615
0.308 879
0.304 097

0.000 521
0.000 578
0.000 641
0.000 709

0.000 294
0.000 330
0.000 371

35
36
37
38
39

0.299 317
0.294 583
0.289 937
0.285 418
0.281 061

0.000 785
0.000 869
0.000 961
0.001 063
0.001 176

0.000 416
0.000 467
0.000 524
0.000 588
0.000 659

40
41
42
43
44

0.276 901
0.272 968
0.269 290
0.265 896
0.262 810

0.001 301
0.001 440
0.001 594
0.001 767
0.001 959

0.000 739
0.000 829
0.000 930
0.001 044
0.001 172

45
46
47
48
49

0.260 057
0.257 659
0.255 639
0.254 018
0.252 816

0.002 175
0.002 416
0.002 688
0.002 994
0.003 340

0.001 317
0.001 482
0.001 669
0.001 882
0.002 125

50
51
52
53
54

0.252 056
0.251 758
0.251 943
0.252 630
0.253 841

0.003 732
0.004 177
0.004 682
0.005 259
0.005 918

0.002 403
0.002 721
0.003 086
0.003 507
0.003 992

55
56
57
58
59

0.255 594
0.257 906
0.260 793
0.264 262
0.268 316

0.006 674
0.007 541
0.008 539
0.009 690
0.011 018

0.004 554
0.005 205
0.005 962
0.006 843
0.007 873

60
61
62
63
64

0.272 945
0.278 123
0.283 800
0.289 890
0.296 263

0.012 554
0.014 332
0.016 390
0.018 772
0.021 524

0.009 076
0.010 487
0.012 141
0.014 083
0.016 362

S(ID)
Present values of sickness benefit payable continuously
at the rate of 1 per annum during sickness of the specified duration.
All benefits cease at the earlier of death or attainment of age 65.

6%
CURRENT STATUS = HEALTHY

CURRENT STATUS = SICK

The table below gives the present value,

axSS, z , of a current claim sickness annuity

for a sick life now aged x with current
duration of sickness z years. (The annuity
does not allow for the possibility of future
new episodes of sickness.)
Current duration of sickness, z years
0
1
2
Age, x

The table below gives the present value,

axHS ( d / all) , of sickness benefit payable during
sickness of duration at least d years for a life
aged x who is currently healthy. (The value allows
for the possibility of more than one episode of
sickness.)

Age, x

Deferred period, d years

0
1

30
31
32
33
34

0.033 3
0.035 0
0.036 8
0.038 8
0.041 0

3.570 2
3.660 4
3.751 9
3.844 3
3.937 5

5.418 0
5.505 1
5.591 5
5.676 9
5.761 0

30
31
32
33
34

0.330 580
0.339 378
0.348 311
0.357 354
0.366 480

0.142 025
0.148 808
0.155 754
0.162 837
0.170 038

0.111 543
0.116 826
0.122 226
0.127 714
0.133 274

35
36
37
38
39

0.043 5
0.046 2
0.049 2
0.052 5
0.056 2

4.031 1
4.124 6
4.217 8
4.309 9
4.400 6

5.843 2
5.923 0
5.999 7
6.072 8
6.141 3

35
36
37
38
39

0.375 647
0.384 822
0.393 952
0.402 981
0.411 815

0.177 324
0.184 665
0.192 016
0.199 327
0.206 529

0.138 875
0.144 486
0.150 067
0.155 573
0.160 944

40
41
42
43
44

0.060 3
0.064 9
0.069 9
0.075 4
0.081 5

4.488 9
4.574 3
4.655 7
4.732 1
4.802 3

6.204 4
6.261 2
6.310 6
6.351 2
6.381 9

40
41
42
43
44

0.420 352
0.428 479
0.436 077
0.443 010
0.449 125

0.213 550
0.220 304
0.226 698
0.232 611
0.237 925

0.166 111
0.171 001
0.175 528
0.179 594
0.183 090

45
46
47
48
49

0.088 3
0.095 7
0.103 8
0.112 6
0.122 1

4.865 1
4.918 9
4.961 9
4.992 3
5.008 0

6.401 1
6.407 1
6.398 1
6.372 1
6.326 9

45
46
47
48
49

0.454 221
0.458 091
0.460 523
0.461 260
0.460 010

0.242 488
0.246 146
0.248 719
0.250 010
0.249 788

0.185 885
0.187 843
0.188 814
0.188 628
0.187 096

50
51
52
53
54

0.132 4
0.143 3
0.154 9
0.167 0
0.179 3

5.006 4
4.984 9
4.940 5
4.869 7
4.768 8

6.259 9
6.168 6
6.049 8
5.900 4
5.716 9

50
51
52
53
54

0.456 447
0.450 241
0.440 992
0.428 296
0.411 745

0.247 810
0.243 825
0.237 558
0.228 736
0.217 100

0.184 025
0.179 219
0.172 462
0.163 569
0.152 372

55
56
57
58
59

0.191 7
0.203 5
0.214 4
0.223 4
0.229 5

4.633 7
4.459 6
4.241 4
3.973 3
3.649 0

5.495 2
5.231 2
4.920 2
4.557 1
4.136 3

55
56
57
58
59

0.390 935
0.365 518
0.335 193
0.299 804
0.259 410

0.202 426
0.184 575
0.163 508
0.139 390
0.112 669

0.138 768
0.122 748
0.104 447
0.084 219
0.062 755

60
61
62
63
64

0.231 2
0.226 7
0.213 4
0.187 5
0.142 9

3.261 4
2.802 9
2.264 3
1.633 6
0.892 5

3.651 8
3.097 0
2.464 8
1.746 9
0.931 5

60
61
62
63
64

0.214 401
0.165 680
0.114 894
0.064 864
0.020 334

0.084 217
0.055 536
0.029 046
0.008 533
0.000 000

0.041 213
0.021 441
0.006 275
0.000 000
0.000 000

139

Annuity values, allowing for mortality only,

on the basis of ELT15 (Males)
6%

140

a x:65 - x

16
17
18
19

15.881
15.813
15.744
15.673

20
21
22
23
24

15.597
15.517
15.432
15.342
15.247

25
26
27
28
29

15.146
15.038
14.924
14.803
14.674

30
31
32
33
34

14.538
14.394
14.242
14.081
13.911

35
36
37
38
39

13.731
13.541
13.342
13.131
12.909

40
41
42
43
44

12.675
12.428
12.168
11.893
11.604

45
46
47
48
49

11.299
10.978
10.640
10.284
9.910

50
51
52
53
54

9.516
9.102
8.666
8.207
7.722

55
56
57
58
59

7.211
6.671
6.101
5.496
4.856

60
61
62
63
64

4.176
3.452
2.679
1.851
0.961

EXAMPLE PENSION SCHEME TABLE

PEN

141

PEN
Service table and relative salary scale
Age x

lx

wx

dx

ix

rx

s*x

s x = (1.02) x s*x

zx

z x +

Age x

16
17
18
19

100 000
89 950
80 910
72 778

10 000
8 995
8 091
7 278

50
45
41
36

1.000
1.177
1.349
1.513

1.373
1.648
1.927
2.204

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

65 464
58 885
52 973
47 656
42 874

6 546
5 888
5 296
4 763
4 070

33
24
21
19
17

1.672
1.823
1.970
2.108
2.241

2.485
2.763
3.045
3.324
3.605

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

38 787
35 284
32 279
29 692
27 462

3 487
2 994
2 577
2 221
1 916

16
11
10
9
8

2.366
2.483
2.595
2.707
2.810

3.882
4.155
4.429
4.713
4.991

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

25 538
23 841
22 347
21 035
19 881

1 679
1 472
1 290
1 131
989

8
10
9
8
8

10
12
13
15
18

2.914
3.004
3.095
3.181
3.259

5.278
5.551
5.832
6.115
6.389

4.711
4.994
5.273
5.554
5.833

4.852
5.133
5.413
5.693
5.972

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

18 866
17 973
17 190
16 506
15 911

863
751
650
558
474

9
11
12
12
13

21
21
22
25
27

3.328
3.392
3.448
3.491
3.522

6.655
6.920
7.175
7.410
7.623

6.112
6.386
6.655
6.916
7.168

6.249
6.520
6.786
7.042
7.285

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

15 397
14 939
14 536
14 181
13 870

413
356
303
254
207

14
13
14
16
17

31
34
38
41
44

3.539
3.543
3.539
3.522
3.504

7.814
7.980
8.129
8.252
8.375

7.403
7.616
7.806
7.974
8.120

7.509
7.711
7.890
8.047
8.186

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

13 602
13 375
13 185
13 029
12 889

162
120
79
52
26

18
19
22
26
28

47
51
55
62
72

3.487
3.470
3.457
3.440
3.422

8.501
8.628
8.768
8.899
9.031

8.252
8.376
8.502
8.632
8.765

8.314
8.439
8.567
8.699
8.832

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

12 763
12 649
12 520
12 373
12 205

32
35
39
43
47

82
94
108
125
145

3.405
3.392
3.375
3.358
3.345

9.165
9.313
9.451
9.591
9.745

8.899
9.032
9.170
9.310
9.452

8.965
9.101
9.240
9.381
9.524

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

12 013
11 794
11 546
11 268
10 957

51
55
58
63
67

168
193
220
248
278

3.328
3.310
3.297
3.280
3.267

9.889
10.034
10.195
10.344
10.510

9.596
9.742
9.889
10.039
10.191

9.669
9.815
9.964
10.115
10.270

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

10 612
6 548
5 763
5 038
4 371

73
50
49
48
47

310
219
223
224
225

3.250
3.233
3.220
3.203
3.190

10.663
10.819
10.991
11.151
11.328

10.350
10.506
10.664
10.824
10.987

10.428
10.585
10.744
10.906
11.072

60
61
62
63
64

65

3 757

3 681
516
453
395
342
3 757

1
1
z x = ( sx -3 + sx -2 + sx -1 ) and z x + = ( z x + z x +1 )
3
2

142

11.157

65

PEN
Contribution functions
Age x

4%

Dx =

Dx =

Nx =

v x lx

( Dx + Dx +1 )

S Dx

s x Dx

S s Dx

s x Dx

Dx =

Nx =

Dx =

Age x

16
17
18
19

53 391
46 178
39 939
34 544

49 784
43 059
37 241
32 210

413 287
363 503
320 444
283 203

68 343
70 948
71 761
70 993

1 513 322
1 444 979
1 374 031
1 302 270

73 294
76 087
76 959
76 136

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

29 877
25 841
22 352
19 335
16 726

27 859
24 096
20 844
18 031
15 638

250 992
223 134
199 037
178 193
160 163

69 232
66 590
63 476
59 929
56 376

1 231 277
1 162 045
1 095 455
1 031 979
972 050

74 248
71 410
68 070
64 265
60 299

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

14 550
12 727
11 195
9 902
8 806

13 638
11 961
10 548
9 354
8 340

144 525
130 887
118 926
108 378
99 024

52 947
49 693
46 719
44 082
41 622

915 673
862 726
813 033
766 314
722 232

56 486
52 875
49 583
46 664
43 947

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

7 874
7 068
6 370
5 766
5 240

7 471
6 719
6 068
5 503
5 010

90 684
83 213
76 494
70 427
64 924

39 431
37 296
35 390
33 647
32 011

680 611
641 180
603 884
568 494
534 848

41 558
39 232
37 153
35 255
33 477

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

4 781
4 379
4 028
3 719
3 447

4 580
4 204
3 873
3 583
3 327

59 914
55 333
51 130
47 257
43 674

30 480
29 087
27 788
26 546
25 361

502 836
472 356
443 269
415 480
388 934

31 816
30 305
28 897
27 554
26 275

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

3 207
2 992
2 799
2 626
2 470

3 099
2 896
2 713
2 548
2 399

40 347
37 248
34 352
31 640
29 092

24 219
23 106
22 052
21 023
20 093

363 573
339 354
316 248
294 196
273 173

25 059
23 875
22 757
21 668
20 683

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

2 329
2 202
2 087
1 983
1 886

2 265
2 144
2 035
1 935
1 841

26 693
24 428
22 283
20 248
18 314

19 256
18 502
17 842
17 215
16 627

253 080
233 824
215 322
197 480
180 265

19 796
18 997
18 298
17 645
17 034

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

1 796
1 711
1 629
1 548
1 468

1 754
1 670
1 588
1 508
1 429

16 473
14 719
13 049
11 461
9 953

16 073
15 554
15 011
14 462
13 923

163 638
147 565
132 011
117 000
102 538

16 460
15 939
15 394
14 845
14 306

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

1 389
1 312
1 235
1 159
1 083

1 350
1 273
1 197
1 121
1 046

8 524
7 174
5 901
4 704
3 583

13 354
12 775
12 199
11 595
10 993

88 615
75 261
62 486
50 287
38 692

13 739
13 161
12 587
11 984
11 385

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

1 009
599
507
426
355

804
553
466
390
324

2 537
1 733
1 181
715
324

8 570
5 978
5 123
4 354
3 674

27 699
19 129
13 152
8 028
3 674

10 757
6 475
5 567
4 748
4 023

60
61
62
63
64

65

294

65

143

PEN
4%

Ill health retirement functions

C xi =

M xi =

Rxi =

C xia =

M xia =

Rxia =

v x + ix

S C xi

S ( M xi - C xi )

C xi axi +

S C xia

S ( M xia - C xia )

16
17
18
19

414
414
414
414

15 416
15 002
14 588
14 173

7 023
7 023
7 023
7 023

252 924
245 901
238 878
231 855

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

414
414
414
414
414

13 759
13 345
12 930
12 516
12 102

7 023
7 023
7 023
7 023
7 023

224 831
217 808
210 785
203 762
196 739

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

414
414
414
414
414

11 688
11 273
10 859
10 445
10 030

7 023
7 023
7 023
7 023
7 023

189 715
182 692
175 669
168 646
161 622

25
26
27
28
29

Age x

axi +

Age x

30
31
32
33
34

21.852
21.720
21.583
21.441
21.294

3
3
4
4
5

414
411
408
404
400

9 616
9 203
8 794
8 388
7 986

66
76
78
86
99

7 023
6 957
6 881
6 803
6 717

154 599
147 609
140 690
133 848
127 088

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

21.142
20.985
20.822
20.654
20.481

5
5
5
6
6

395
390
385
380
375

7 588
7 195
6 807
6 425
6 047

110
105
105
114
117

6 617
6 507
6 402
6 297
6 183

120 421
113 859
107 404
101 055
94 815

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

20.302
20.118
19.929
19.734
19.534

6
7
7
7
8

369
363
356
349
341

5 676
5 310
4 951
4 598
4 253

129
134
143
147
150

6 065
5 937
5 802
5 659
5 512

88 691
82 691
76 821
71 091
65 505

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

19.330
19.120
18.906
18.669
18.407

8
8
9
9
10

334
326
317
309
300

3 916
3 586
3 265
2 951
2 647

153
157
161
173
190

5 362
5 210
5 052
4 891
4 718

60 068
54 782
49 651
44 679
39 875

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

18.135
17.853
17.561
17.259
16.948

11
12
14
15
17

289
278
266
252
236

2 353
2 069
1 797
1 538
1 294

205
223
242
265
290

4 528
4 323
4 100
3 858
3 594

35 251
30 826
26 615
22 635
18 909

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

16.625
16.292
15.949
15.594
15.229

19
21
23
25
27

219
200
179
156
131

1 066
856
667
499
355

317
343
368
390
410

3 304
2 987
2 644
2 276
1 886

15 461
12 315
9 500
7 040
4 958

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

14.855
14.472
14.081
13.682
13.277

29
20
19
19
18

104
75
56
36
18

238
148
82
36
9

429
284
271
254
238

1 476
1 047
763
492
238

3 277
2 016
1 111
484
119

60
61
62
63
64

144

PEN
Ill health retirement functions
Age x

M xia =

Rxia =

s x ( M xia - C xia )

S s M xia

16
17
18
19

9 641
11 572
13 533
15 480

20
21
22
23
24

C xia =

M xia =

4%
z

Rxia =

Age x

S zC xia

S ( z M xia - zC xia )

1 533 946
1 524 304
1 512 732
1 499 199

64 061
64 061
64 061
64 061

2 399 660
2 335 599
2 271 539
2 207 478

16
17
18
19

17 454
19 409
21 388
23 343
25 320

1 483 720
1 466 266
1 446 858
1 425 470
1 402 126

64 061
64 061
64 061
64 061
64 061

2 143 417
2 079 357
2 015 296
1 951 235
1 887 175

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

27 266
29 179
31 106
33 099
35 051

1 376 807
1 349 541
1 320 361
1 289 255
1 256 156

64 061
64 061
64 061
64 061
64 061

1 823 114
1 759 054
1 694 993
1 630 932
1 566 872

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

36 894
38 407
39 906
41 334
42 596

1 221 105
1 184 211
1 145 804
1 105 898
1 064 565

321
389
425
492
592

64 061
63 740
63 351
62 927
62 434

1 502 811
1 438 911
1 375 365
1 312 226
1 249 546

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

43 671
44 664
45 554
46 234
46 683

1 021 969
978 298
933 634
888 080
841 846

689
687
714
803
856

61 843
61 153
60 467
59 753
58 949

1 187 407
1 125 909
1 065 099
1 004 989
945 638

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

46 889
46 836
46 587
46 092
45 540

795 163
748 274
701 438
654 850
608 759

965
1 036
1 128
1 182
1 228

58 094
57 128
56 093
54 964
53 782

887 117
829 506
772 895
717 367
662 994

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

44 936
44 271
43 590
42 754
41 752

563 219
518 283
474 013
430 422
387 668

1 268
1 328
1 383
1 503
1 680

52 554
51 286
49 957
48 575
47 072

609 826
557 906
507 285
458 019
410 195

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

40 560
39 222
37 608
35 735
33 607

345 917
305 356
266 134
228 526
192 792

1 840
2 026
2 236
2 482
2 760

45 392
43 553
41 527
39 291
36 809

363 963
319 490
276 951
236 542
198 492

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

31 104
28 252
25 081
21 530
17 668

159 184
128 080
99 828
74 747
53 218

3 063
3 366
3 666
3 944
4 215

34 048
30 986
27 620
23 954
20 011

163 063
130 546
101 243
75 455
53 473

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

13 449
9 787
6 895
4 070
1 348

35 550
22 100
12 313
5 418
1 348

4 476
3 007
2 907
2 770
2 635

15 795
11 319
8 313
5 405
2 635

35 570
22 013
12 197
5 338
1 318

60
61
62
63
64

z x + C xia

145

PEN
4%
Age x

146

Age retirement functions

axr+

C xr =

M xr =

Rxr =

C xra =

M xra =

Rxra =

r
( a65

v x + rx

S C xr

S ( M xr - C xr )

C xr axr+

S C xra

S ( M xra - C xra )

at 65)

( v 65 r65

r
( v 65 r 65 a65

at 65)

at 65)

Age x

16
17
18
19

782
782
782
782

36 449
35 667
34 885
34 103

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

553 630
541 715
529 800
517 885

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

782
782
782
782
782

33 321
32 539
31 757
30 975
30 193

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

505 970
494 055
482 140
470 225
458 310

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

782
782
782
782
782

29 411
28 629
27 847
27 065
26 284

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

446 395
434 479
422 564
410 649
398 734

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

782
782
782
782
782

25 502
24 720
23 938
23 156
22 374

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

386 819
374 904
362 989
351 074
339 159

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

782
782
782
782
782

21 592
20 810
20 028
19 246
18 464

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

327 244
315 328
303 413
291 498
279 583

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

782
782
782
782
782

17 682
16 900
16 118
15 336
14 554

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

267 668
255 753
243 838
231 923
220 008

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

782
782
782
782
782

13 773
12 991
12 209
11 427
10 645

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

208 093
196 177
184 262
172 347
160 432

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

782
782
782
782
782

9 863
9 081
8 299
7 517
6 735

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

148 517
136 602
124 687
112 772
100 857

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

782
782
782
782
782

5 953
5 171
4 389
3 607
2 825

11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915
11 915

88 942
77 027
65 111
53 196
41 281

55
56
57
58
59

2 043
1 433
1 017
644
307

5 590
738
609
498
405

11 915
6 325
5 587
4 979
4 480

29 366
20 246
14 290
9 007
4 278

60
61
62
63
64

4 075

4 075

60
61
62
63
64

16.292
15.949
15.594
15.229
14.855

343
46
39
33
27

782
439
393
354
321

65

13.883

294

294

65

PEN
Age retirement functions
Age x

M xra =

s x ( M xra - C xra )

Rxra =

S s M xra

C xra =

z x + C xra

M xra =

4%
z

Rxra =

S zC xra

S ( z M xra - zC xra )

Age x

ra
( z65C65
at 65)

16
17
18
19

16 357
19 632
22 959
26 262

3 801 411
3 785 055
3 765 422
3 742 463

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

5 956 885
5 828 859
5 700 833
5 572 807

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

29 610
32 927
36 285
39 602
42 955

3 716 201
3 686 591
3 653 664
3 617 379
3 577 776

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

5 444 781
5 316 755
5 188 729
5 060 703
4 932 677

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

46 258
49 504
52 773
56 153
59 465

3 534 821
3 488 563
3 439 059
3 386 286
3 330 133

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

4 804 651
4 676 625
4 548 599
4 420 573
4 292 547

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

62 887
66 137
69 493
72 857
76 127

3 270 668
3 207 781
3 141 643
3 072 151
2 999 294

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

4 164 521
4 036 495
3 908 469
3 780 443
3 652 417

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

79 293
82 450
85 488
88 288
90 832

2 923 167
2 843 874
2 761 424
2 675 936
2 587 648

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

3 524 390
3 396 364
3 268 338
3 140 312
3 012 286

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

93 102
95 080
96 863
98 319
99 795

2 496 816
2 403 714
2 308 634
2 211 771
2 113 452

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

2 884 260
2 756 234
2 628 208
2 500 182
2 372 156

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

101 290
102 805
104 470
106 028
107 607

2 013 657
1 912 367
1 809 562
1 705 092
1 599 064

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

2 244 130
2 116 104
1 988 078
1 860 052
1 732 026

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

109 206
110 967
112 611
114 276
116 113

1 491 457
1 382 252
1 271 285
1 158 674
1 044 398

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

1 604 000
1 475 974
1 347 948
1 219 921
1 091 895

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

117 825
119 559
121 473
123 255
125 224

928 285
810 460
690 902
569 428
446 173

128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026
128 026

963 869
835 843
707 817
579 791
451 765

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

97 250
64 439
58 066
52 736
48 458

320 949
223 699
159 260
101 194
48 458

58 293
7 807
6 541
5 436
4 482

128 026
69 733
61 926
55 385
49 949

323 739
224 859
159 030
100 374
47 708

60
61
62
63
64

45 467

45 467

65

65

147

PEN
4%

Age x

148

Functions for return of contributions, accumulated

with interest at 2% p.a., on death
j

C xd =

M xd =

Rxd =

sj

( M(1 +-j) C )
j

d
x

d
x

Rxd =

Age x

( M(1 +-j) C )
j

d
x

d
x

v x + (1 + j ) x + d x

S jC xd

16
17
18
19

36
32
29
25

601
565
533
504

7 617
7 196
6 808
6 449

39 369
38 791
38 152
37 459

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

22
16
14
12
11

480
457
442
428
416

6 114
5 802
5 508
5 230
4 965

36 722
35 946
35 134
34 286
33 405

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

10
7
6
5
5

406
396
389
383
378

4 712
4 470
4 238
4 014
3 797

32 494
31 555
30 590
29 598
28 577

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

4
5
5
4
4

374
369
364
359
355

3 588
3 385
3 188
2 998
2 815

27 531
26 460
25 369
24 262
23 138

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

5
5
6
6
6

351
346
341
335
329

2 636
2 464
2 297
2 136
1 981

22 000
20 852
19 698
18 544
17 396

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

6
6
6
7
7

323
317
311
305
298

1 832
1 689
1 551
1 418
1 290

16 258
15 136
14 035
12 956
11 904

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

7
8
9
10
11

291
283
276
267
257

1 168
1 052
940
834
734

10 882
9 891
8 930
8 001
7 109

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54

12
13
14
15
16

246
234
221
207
192

640
551
469
394
324

6 256
5 446
4 681
3 965
3 302

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

17
18
19
20
21

176
158
140
121
101

262
206
157
116
81

2 693
2 142
1 653
1 227
867

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
62
63
64

23
15
15
14
13

80
57
42
27
13

53
32
18
8
2

575
355
197
86
21

60
61
62
63
64

x +

Ss x

x +

PEN
Functions for return of contributions, accumulated
with interest at 2% p.a., on withdrawal
Age x

C xw =

M xw =

Rxw =

sj

( M(1 +-j) C )
j

w
x

w
x

Rxw =

4%

Age x

( M(1 +-j) C )
j

w
x

w
x

v x + (1 + j ) x + wx

S jC xw

16
17
18
19

7 259
6 404
5 649
4 984

55 286
48 027
41 624
35 974

230 458
193 200
161 503
134 605

622 984
571 836
519 609
467 779

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

4 396
3 878
3 421
3 018
2 529

30 991
26 594
22 716
19 294
16 277

111 848
92 662
76 556
63 103
51 935

417 622
369 943
325 433
284 465
247 347

20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
28
29

2 125
1 790
1 511
1 277
1 080

13 747
11 622
9 832
8 322
7 045

42 694
35 038
28 691
23 425
19 056

214 031
184 310
157 939
134 617
114 025

25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

929
798
686
590
506

5 964
5 036
4 237
3 551
2 961

15 429
12 423
9 938
7 892
6 215

95 926
80 058
66 267
54 334
44 080

30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38
39

433
370
314
264
220

2 454
2 021
1 652
1 338
1 074

4 848
3 740
2 849
2 137
1 575

35 344
27 971
21 802
16 699
12 531

35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44

188
159
133
109
87

853
665
506
374
264

1 134
794
536
346
212

9 171
6 510
4 454
2 913
1 800

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

67
49
31
20
10

177
110
62
30
10

120
62
27
10
2

1 034
538
242
85
17

45
46
47
48
49

x +

Ss x

x +

149

150

SAMPLE TIME SERIES

Contents
RPI
NAEI
FTSE 100
Death Counts
Bank Base Rates
National Lottery

Page
152
153
154
155
156
157

This section shows the data values and related summary statistics for various
observed time series. These could be used in discussions of time series
modelling focusing on the following concepts:

stationarity
differencing
seasonality
autocorrelation
choice of model
ARIMA models
parameter estimation
residual analysis
forecasting

The left-hand side of each table shows an extract of the data values for the
time series.
The right-hand side of each table shows summary statistics based on the full
range of values for the series over the stated period.

151

Time Series RPI

This dataset shows the monthly Retail Prices Index for the 10-year period from January
1992 to December 2001. These figures represent the prices of a representative basket of
goods purchased in the UK.
Month

Jan-92
Feb-92
Mar-92
Apr-92
May-92
Jun-92
Jul-92
Aug-92
Sep-92
Oct-92
...
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119

Data values
Qt
Qt
135.6
136.3
136.7
138.8
139.3
139.3
138.8
138.9
139.4
139.9
...
172.2
173.1
174.2
174.4
173.3
174.0
174.6
174.3
173.6
173.4

0.7
0.4
2.1
0.5
0.0
-0.5
0.1
0.5
0.5
...
0.2
0.9
1.1
0.2
-1.1
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.7
0.2

Summary statistics
Qt
Qt

2 Qt

-0.3
1.7
-1.6
-0.5
-0.5
0.6
0.4
0.0
...
-0.7
0.7
0.2
-0.9
-1.3
1.8
-0.1
0.9
0.4
0.5

2 Qt

n
mean
s.d.
min
max

120
155.4
11.9
135.6
174.6

119
0.3
0.6
-1.3
2.1

118
0.0
0.8
-1.6
2.2

r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r12

0.977
0.954
0.930
0.908
0.887
0.866
0.729

0.083
-0.101
-0.285
-0.047
-0.012
0.240
0.637

-0.404
-0.006
-0.218
0.114
-0.128
0.315
0.671

f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6

0.977
-0.019
-0.028
0.037
0.003
-0.011

0.083
-0.109
-0.272
-0.017
-0.066
0.179

-0.404
-0.201
-0.376
-0.235
-0.391
-0.028

180
170
160

Qt

150
140
130
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

152

70

80

90

100

110 120

Time Series NAEI

This dataset shows the monthly UK National Average Earnings Index for the 10-year period
from January 1992 to December 2001. These figures are NOT seasonally adjusted.

Month

Jan-92
Feb-92
Mar-92
Apr-92
May-92
Jun-92
Jul-92
Aug-92
Sep-92
Oct-92
...
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119

Data values
Et
Et
88.5
89.8
91.1
89.5
90.1
91.1
91.6
90.9
90.7
91.5
...
134.8
128.4
127.7
129.3
128.9
127.8
127.6
128.1
128.6
134.1

1.3
1.3
-1.6
0.6
1.0
0.5
-0.7
-0.2
0.8
...
0.9
-6.4
-0.7
1.6
-0.4
-1.1
-0.2
0.5
0.5
5.5

Summary statistics
Et
Et

2 Et

0.0
-2.9
2.2
0.4
-0.5
-1.2
0.5
1.0
...
-4.3
-7.3
5.7
2.3
-2.0
-0.7
0.9
0.7
0.0
5.0

2 Et

n
mean
s.d.
min
max

120
108.0
12.9
88.5
134.8

119
0.4
2.2
-6.8
7.3

118
0.0
3.4
-10.8
7.8

r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r12

0.959
0.932
0.912
0.883
0.859
0.835
0.706

-0.245
-0.197
0.252
-0.170
-0.065
-0.103
0.823

-0.511
-0.163
0.358
-0.212
0.056
-0.042
0.801

f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6

0.959
0.160
0.103
-0.084
0.015
-0.008

-0.245
-0.274
0.141
-0.131
-0.065
-0.276

-0.511
-0.573
-0.131
-0.153
0.050
-0.140

140
130
120

Et

110
100
90
80
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110 120

153

Time Series FTSE 100

This dataset shows the monthly FTSE 100 index for the 10-year period from January 1992
to December 2001. The index is based on the average closing prices of the top 100 UK
shares on the last day of each month.

Month

Jan-92
Feb-92
Mar-92
Apr-92
May-92
Jun-92
Jul-92
Aug-92
Sep-92
Oct-92
...
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119

Data values
St
St
2 571.2
2 562.1
2 440.1
2 654.1
2 707.6
2 521.2
2 399.6
2312.6
2 553.0
2 658.3
...
5 633.7
5 966.9
5 796.1
5 642.5
5 529.1
5 345.0
4 903.4
5 039.7
5 203.6
5 217.4

9.1
122.0
214.0
53.5
186.4
121.6
87.0
240.4
105.3
...
284.2
333.2
170.8
153.6
113.4
184.1
441.6
136.3
163.9
13.8

Summary statistics
St
St

St

112.9
336.0
160.5
239.9
64.8
34.6
327.4
135.1
...
95.4
617.4
504.0
17.2
40.2
70.7
257.5
577.9
27.6
150.1

2 St

n
mean
s.d.
min
max

120
4 447.4
1 394.3
2 312.6
6 930.2

119
22.2
192.3
661.7
426.7

118
0.2
277.4
994.7
625.8

r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r12

0.982
0.963
0.946
0.932
0.914
0.895
0.768

-0.031
-0.085
-0.049
0.094
-0.028
-0.087
0.026

-0.474
-0.043
-0.052
0.127
-0.030
-0.020
-0.010

f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6

0.982
-0.001
0.016
0.070
-0.090
-0.059

-0.031
-0.087
-0.055
0.084
-0.031
-0.078

-0.474
-0.345
-0.356
-0.178
-0.113
-0.083

7 000
6 000
5 000

St

4 000
3 000
2 000
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 110 120

t
Copyright FTSE International Limited 2002. All rights reserved. FTSE and Footsieare trade marks
of the London Stock Exchange Plc and The Financial Times Limited and are used by FTSE International
Limited under licence.

154

Time Series Death Counts

This dataset shows the annual number of deaths recorded in England & Wales for the
39-year period from 1961 to 1999.
Data values
Qt

Year

Qt

1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
...
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

551 752
557 636
572 868
534 737
549 379
563 624
542 516
576 754
579 378
575 194
...
564 846
570 044
558 313
578 799
553 194
569 683
560 135
555 281
555 015
556 118

5 884
15 232
38 131
14 642
14 245
21 108
34 238
2 624
4 184
...
12 026
5 198
11 731
20 486
25 605
16 489
9 548
4 854
266
1 103

Summary statistics
Qt
Qt

2 Qt

9 348
53 363
52 773
397
35 353
55 346
31 614
6 808
...
17 490
17 224
16 929
32 217
46 091
42 094
26 037
4 694
4 588
1 369

2 Qt

n
mean
s.d.
min
max

39
570 980
14 695
534 737
598 516

38
115
15 067
38 131
34 238

37
129
26 798
53 363
55 346

r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6

0.452
0.470
0.558
0.356
0.145
0.222

-0.541
-0.033
0.204
0.059
-0.278
0.181

-0.668
0.100
0.113
0.061
-0.249
0.143

f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6

0.452
0.334
0.375
-0.026
-0.353
-0.089

-0.541
-0.460
-0.127
0.264
0.000
-0.064

-0.668
-0.624
-0.578
-0.163
-0.082
-0.327

650 000
600 000

Qt

550 000
500 000
450 000
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

155

Time Series Bank Base Rates

This dataset shows the daily Bank Base Rate for the 10-year period from 1 January 1992 to
31 December 2001. These figures act as a benchmark for interest rates in the UK.

Date

Data values
Kt
K t

Summary statistics
Kt
K t

2 K t

01-Jan-92
02-Jan-92
03-Jan-92
04-Jan-92
05-Jan-92
06-Jan-92
07-Jan-92
08-Jan-92
09-Jan-92
10-Jan-92

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10.50
10.50
10.50
10.50
10.50
10.50
10.50
10.50
10.50
10.50

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

22-Dec-01
23-Dec-01
24-Dec-01
25-Dec-01
26-Dec-01
27-Dec-01
28-Dec-01
29-Dec-01
30-Dec-01
31-Dec-01

3 643
3 644
3 645
3 646
3 647
3 648
3 649
3 650
3 651
3 652

4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

n
mean
s.d.
min
max

3 653
6.39
1.33
4.00
12.00

3 652
0.00
0.07
-2.00
2.00

3 651
0.00
0.09
-2.00
2.00

r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r365

0.997
0.994
0.992
0.989
0.987
0.984
-0.064

-0.001
-0.253
-0.001
0.125
-0.001
-0.127
-0.004

-0.374
-0.252
0.063
0.126
0.000
-0.126
0.006

f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6

0.997
-0.002
0.103
-0.001
-0.043
-0.001

-0.001
-0.253
-0.001
0.066
-0.001
-0.086

-0.374
-0.456
-0.359
-0.215
-0.107
-0.174

13
12
11

Kt

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
0

1 000

2 000

156

2 K t

3 000

Time Series National Lottery

This dataset shows the bonus ball number drawn in the UK National Lottery* (Saturdays
only) up to 29 December 2001.
Date

Data values
Lt
Lt

19-Nov-94
26-Nov-94
03-Dec-94
10-Dec-94
17-Dec-94
24-Dec-94
31-Dec-94
07-Jan-95
14-Jan-95
21-Jan-95

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
37
31
28
30
6
16
46
48
4

27.0
-6.0
-3.0
2.0
-24.0
10.0
30.0
2.0
-44.0

-33.0
3.0
5.0
-26.0
34.0
20.0
-28.0
-46.0

27-Oct-01
03-Nov-01
10-Nov-01
17-Nov-01
24-Nov-01
01-Dec-01
08-Dec-01
15-Dec-01
22-Dec-01
29-Dec-01

360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369

33
17
39
1
28
11
9
16
8
41

19.0
-16.0
22.0
-38.0
27.0
-17.0
-2.0
7.0
-8.0
33.0

11.0
-35.0
38.0
-60.0
65.0
-44.0
15.0
9.0
-15.0
41.0

Summary statistics
Lt
Lt

Lt

2 Lt

n
mean
s.d.
min
max

370
25.87
14.40
1.00
49.00

369
0.08
19.32
-46.00
46.00

368
0.02
33.10
-90.00
87.00

r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r52

0.100
0.056
0.059
0.054
-0.005
0.003
0.010

-0.471
-0.027
0.005
0.030
-0.042
-0.038
0.048

-0.648
0.139
0.003
0.036
-0.031
-0.049
0.052

f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6

0.100
0.047
0.049
0.041
-0.019
-0.002

-0.471
-0.320
-0.233
-0.135
-0.139
-0.192

-0.648
-0.484
-0.400
-0.266
-0.165
-0.251

50
40

Lt

30
20
10
0
0

100

200

300

* Note. The UK National Lottery draws seven balls (without replacement) from 49 balls
numbered from 1 to 49. The bonus ball is the seventh ball drawn.

157

158

STATISTICAL TABLES
Contents

Page

Standard Normal probabilities

Standard Normal percentage points
t percentage points
c 2 probabilities

160
162
163
164

c 2 percentage points
F percentage points
Poisson probabilities
Binomial probabilities
Critical values for the grouping of signs test
Pseudorandom values from U(0,1) and from N(0,1)

168
170
175
186
189
190

159

Probabilities for the Standard Normal distribution

The distribution function is denoted by F(x), and the probability density function is denoted
by f(x).

F ( x) =

x
-

f(t )dt =

F ( x)

x
1
- t 2
e
dt

2p -

160

F(x)

F(x)

F(x)

F(x)

F(x)

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

0.50000
0.50399
0.50798
0.51197
0.51595

0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44

0.65542
0.65910
0.66276
0.66640
0.67003

0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84

0.78814
0.79103
0.79389
0.79673
0.79955

1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24

0.88493
0.88686
0.88877
0.89065
0.89251

1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64

0.94520
0.94630
0.94738
0.94845
0.94950

0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09

0.51994
0.52392
0.52790
0.53188
0.53586

0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49

0.67364
0.67724
0.68082
0.68439
0.68793

0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89

0.80234
0.80511
0.80785
0.81057
0.81327

1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29

0.89435
0.89617
0.89796
0.89973
0.90147

1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69

0.95053
0.95154
0.95254
0.95352
0.95449

0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14

0.53983
0.54380
0.54776
0.55172
0.55567

0.50
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54

0.69146
0.69497
0.69847
0.70194
0.70540

0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94

0.81594
0.81859
0.82121
0.82381
0.82639

1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34

0.90320
0.90490
0.90658
0.90824
0.90988

1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74

0.95543
0.95637
0.95728
0.95818
0.95907

0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19

0.55962
0.56356
0.56749
0.57142
0.57535

0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59

0.70884
0.71226
0.71566
0.71904
0.72240

0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99

0.82894
0.83147
0.83398
0.83646
0.83891

1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39

0.91149
0.91309
0.91466
0.91621
0.91774

1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79

0.95994
0.96080
0.96164
0.96246
0.96327

0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24

0.57926
0.58317
0.58706
0.59095
0.59483

0.60
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64

0.72575
0.72907
0.73237
0.73565
0.73891

1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04

0.84134
0.84375
0.84614
0.84849
0.85083

1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44

0.91924
0.92073
0.92220
0.92364
0.92507

1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

0.96407
0.96485
0.96562
0.96638
0.96712

0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29

0.59871
0.60257
0.60642
0.61026
0.61409

0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69

0.74215
0.74537
0.74857
0.75175
0.75490

1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09

0.85314
0.85543
0.85769
0.85993
0.86214

1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49

0.92647
0.92785
0.92922
0.93056
0.93189

1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89

0.96784
0.96856
0.96926
0.96995
0.97062

0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34

0.61791
0.62172
0.62552
0.62930
0.63307

0.70
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74

0.75804
0.76115
0.76424
0.76730
0.77035

1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

0.86433
0.86650
0.86864
0.87076
0.87286

1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54

0.93319
0.93448
0.93574
0.93699
0.93822

1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94

0.97128
0.97193
0.97257
0.97320
0.97381

0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39

0.63683
0.64058
0.64431
0.64803
0.65173

0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79

0.77337
0.77637
0.77935
0.78230
0.78524

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

0.87493
0.87698
0.87900
0.88100
0.88298

1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

0.93943
0.94062
0.94179
0.94295
0.94408

1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99

0.97441
0.97500
0.97558
0.97615
0.97670

0.40

0.65542

0.80

0.78814

1.20

0.88493

1.60

0.94520

2.00

0.97725

Probabilities for the Standard Normal distribution

x

F(x)

F(x)

F(x)

F(x)

F(x)

F(x)

2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04

0.97725
0.97778
0.97831
0.97882
0.97932

2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44

0.99180
0.99202
0.99224
0.99245
0.99266

2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84

0.99744
0.99752
0.99760
0.99767
0.99774

3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24

0.99931
0.99934
0.99936
0.99938
0.99940

3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64

0.99984
0.99985
0.99985
0.99986
0.99986

4.00
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04

0.99997
0.99997
0.99997
0.99997
0.99997

2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09

0.97982
0.98030
0.98077
0.98124
0.98169

2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49

0.99286
0.99305
0.99324
0.99343
0.99361

2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89

0.99781
0.99788
0.99795
0.99801
0.99807

3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29

0.99942
0.99944
0.99946
0.99948
0.99950

3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69

0.99987
0.99987
0.99988
0.99988
0.99989

4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09

0.99997
0.99998
0.99998
0.99998
0.99998

2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14

0.98214
0.98257
0.98300
0.98341
0.98382

2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54

0.99379
0.99396
0.99413
0.99430
0.99446

2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94

0.99813
0.99819
0.99825
0.99831
0.99836

3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34

0.99952
0.99953
0.99955
0.99957
0.99958

3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74

0.99989
0.99990
0.99990
0.99990
0.99991

4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14

0.99998
0.99998
0.99998
0.99998
0.99998

2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19

0.98422
0.98461
0.98500
0.98537
0.98574

2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59

0.99461
0.99477
0.99492
0.99506
0.99520

2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99

0.99841
0.99846
0.99851
0.99856
0.99861

3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39

0.99960
0.99961
0.99962
0.99964
0.99965

3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.79

0.99991
0.99992
0.99992
0.99992
0.99992

4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19

0.99998
0.99998
0.99998
0.99999
0.99999

2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24

0.98610
0.98645
0.98679
0.98713
0.98745

2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64

0.99534
0.99547
0.99560
0.99573
0.99585

3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04

0.99865
0.99869
0.99874
0.99878
0.99882

3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44

0.99966
0.99968
0.99969
0.99970
0.99971

3.80
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84

0.99993
0.99993
0.99993
0.99994
0.99994

4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29

0.98778
0.98809
0.98840
0.98870
0.98899

2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69

0.99598
0.99609
0.99621
0.99632
0.99643

3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09

0.99886
0.99889
0.99893
0.99896
0.99900

3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49

0.99972
0.99973
0.99974
0.99975
0.99976

3.85
3.86
3.87
3.88
3.89

0.99994
0.99994
0.99995
0.99995
0.99995

4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34

0.98928
0.98956
0.98983
0.99010
0.99036

2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74

0.99653
0.99664
0.99674
0.99683
0.99693

3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14

0.99903
0.99906
0.99910
0.99913
0.99916

3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54

0.99977
0.99978
0.99978
0.99979
0.99980

3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94

0.99995
0.99995
0.99996
0.99996
0.99996

4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39

0.99061
0.99086
0.99111
0.99134
0.99158

2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79

0.99702
0.99711
0.99720
0.99728
0.99736

3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19

0.99918
0.99921
0.99924
0.99926
0.99929

3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59

0.99981
0.99981
0.99982
0.99983
0.99983

3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99

0.99996
0.99996
0.99996
0.99997
0.99997

4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

2.40

0.99180

2.80

0.99744

3.20

0.99931

3.60

0.99984

4.00

0.99997

4.40

0.99999

161

Percentage Points for the Standard Normal distribution

The table gives percentage points x defined by the equation

P=

- t 2
1
e dt
2p x

P
0

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%

0.0000
0.1257
0.2533
0.3853
0.5244

5.0%
4.8%
4.6%
4.4%
4.2%

1.6449
1.6646
1.6849
1.7060
1.7279

3.0%
2.9%
2.8%
2.7%
2.6%

1.8808
1.8957
1.9110
1.9268
1.9431

2.0%
1.9%
1.8%
1.7%
1.6%

2.0537
2.0749
2.0969
2.1201
2.1444

1.0%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.6%

2.3263
2.3656
2.4089
2.4573
2.5121

0.10%
0.09%
0.08%
0.07%
0.06%

3.0902
3.1214
3.1559
3.1947
3.2389

25%
20%
15%
10%
5%

0.6745
0.8416
1.0364
1.2816
1.6449

4.0%
3.8%
3.6%
3.4%
3.2%

1.7507
1.7744
1.7991
1.8250
1.8522

2.5%
2.4%
2.3%
2.2%
2.1%

1.9600
1.9774
1.9954
2.0141
2.0335

1.5%
1.4%
1.3%
1.2%
1.1%

2.1701
2.1973
2.2262
2.2571
2.2904

0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%

2.5758
2.6521
2.7478
2.8782
3.0902

0.05%
0.01%
0.005%
0.001%
0.0005%

3.2905
3.7190
3.8906
4.2649
4.4172

162

Percentage Points for the t distribution

This table gives percentage points x defined by the equation

P=

1 G ( v + )
dt

vp G (v ) x 1 + t 2 v (v +1)

The limiting distribution of t as v tends to infinity is the standard normal distribution. When
v is large, interpolation in v should be harmonic.
P=
v

40%

30%

25%

20%

1
2
3
4

0.3249
0.2887
0.2767
0.2707

0.7265
0.6172
0.5844
0.5686

1.000
0.8165
0.7649
0.7407

1.376
1.061
0.9785
0.9410

1.963
1.386
1.250
1.190

3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132

12.71
4.303
3.182
2.776

31.82
6.965
4.541
3.747

63.66
9.925
5.841
4.604

318.3
22.33
10.21
7.173

636.6
31.60
12.92
8.610

5
6
7
8
9

0.2672
0.2648
0.2632
0.2619
0.2610

0.5594
0.5534
0.5491
0.5459
0.5435

0.7267
0.7176
0.7111
0.7064
0.7027

0.9195
0.9057
0.8960
0.8889
0.8834

1.156
1.134
1.119
1.108
1.100

1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383

2.015
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833

2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262

3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821

4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250

5.894
5.208
4.785
4.501
4.297

6.869
5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781

10
11
12
13
14

0.2602
0.2596
0.2590
0.2586
0.2582

0.5415
0.5399
0.5386
0.5375
0.5366

0.6998
0.6974
0.6955
0.6938
0.6924

0.8791
0.8755
0.8726
0.8702
0.8681

1.093
1.088
1.083
1.079
1.076

1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345

1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761

2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145

2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624

3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977

4.144
4.025
3.930
3.852
3.787

4.587
4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140

15
16
17
18
19

0.2579
0.2576
0.2573
0.2571
0.2569

0.5357
0.5350
0.5344
0.5338
0.5333

0.6912
0.6901
0.6892
0.6884
0.6876

0.8662
0.8647
0.8633
0.8620
0.8610

1.074
1.071
1.069
1.067
1.066

1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328

1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729

2.131
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093

2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539

2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861

3.733
3.686
3.646
3.610
3.579

4.073
4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883

20
21
22
23
24

0.2567
0.2566
0.2564
0.2563
0.2562

0.5329
0.5325
0.5321
0.5317
0.5314

0.6870
0.6864
0.6858
0.6853
0.6848

0.8600
0.8591
0.8583
0.8575
0.8569

1.064
1.063
1.061
1.060
1.059

1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318

1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711

2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064

2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492

2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797

3.552
3.527
3.505
3.485
3.467

3.850
3.819
3.792
3.768
3.745

25
26
27
28
29

0.2561
0.2560
0.2559
0.2558
0.2557

0.5312
0.5309
0.5306
0.5304
0.5302

0.6844
0.6840
0.6837
0.6834
0.6830

0.8562
0.8557
0.8551
0.8546
0.8542

1.058
1.058
1.057
1.056
1.055

1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311

1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699

2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045

2.485
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462

2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756

3.450
3.435
3.421
3.408
3.396

3.725
3.707
3.689
3.674
3.660

30
32
34
36
38

0.2556
0.2555
0.2553
0.2552
0.2551

0.5300
0.5297
0.5294
0.5291
0.5288

0.6828
0.6822
0.6818
0.6814
0.6810

0.8538
0.8530
0.8523
0.8517
0.8512

1.055
1.054
1.052
1.052
1.051

1.310
1.309
1.307
1.306
1.304

1.697
1.694
1.691
1.688
1.686

2.042
2.037
2.032
2.028
2.024

2.457
2.449
2.441
2.434
2.429

2.750
2.738
2.728
2.719
2.712

3.385
3.365
3.348
3.333
3.319

3.646
3.622
3.601
3.582
3.566

40
50
60
120

0.2550
0.2547
0.2545
0.2539

0.5286
0.5278
0.5272
0.5258

0.6807
0.6794
0.6786
0.6765

0.8507
0.8489
0.8477
0.8446

1.050
1.047
1.045
1.041

1.303
1.299
1.296
1.289

1.684
1.676
1.671
1.658

2.021
2.009
2.000
1.980

2.423
2.403
2.390
2.358

2.704
2.678
2.660
2.617

3.307
3.261
3.232
3.160

3.551
3.496
3.460
3.373

0.2533 0.5244

0.6745

0.8416

1.036

1.282

1.645

1.960

2.326

2.576

3.090

3.291

15%

10%

5%

2.5%

1%

0.5% 0.1% 0.05%

163

Probabilities for the c 2 distribution

The function tabulated is:

Fv ( x) =

Fv ( x)

x v -1 - t

t
2 v G (v ) 0

dt

(The above shape applies for v 3 only. When v < 3 the mode is at the origin.)
v=
x

164

1
x

2
x

2
x

3
x

3
x

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.0000
0.2482
0.3453
0.4161
0.4729

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

0.9545
0.9571
0.9596
0.9619
0.9641

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.0000
0.0488
0.0952
0.1393
0.1813

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

0.8647
0.8713
0.8775
0.8835
0.8892

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.0000
0.0082
0.0224
0.0400
0.0598

4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8

0.7385
0.7593
0.7786
0.7965
0.8130

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.5205
0.5614
0.5972
0.6289
0.6572

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

0.9661
0.9680
0.9698
0.9715
0.9731

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.2212
0.2592
0.2953
0.3297
0.3624

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

0.8946
0.8997
0.9046
0.9093
0.9137

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.0811
0.1036
0.1268
0.1505
0.1746

5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8

0.8282
0.8423
0.8553
0.8672
0.8782

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.6827
0.7057
0.7267
0.7458
0.7633

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

0.9747
0.9761
0.9774
0.9787
0.9799

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.3935
0.4231
0.4512
0.4780
0.5034

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

0.9179
0.9219
0.9257
0.9293
0.9328

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.1987
0.2229
0.2470
0.2709
0.2945

6.0
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8

0.8884
0.8977
0.9063
0.9142
0.9214

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.7793
0.7941
0.8077
0.8203
0.8319

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

0.9810
0.9820
0.9830
0.9840
0.9849

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.5276
0.5507
0.5726
0.5934
0.6133

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

0.9361
0.9392
0.9422
0.9450
0.9477

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.3177
0.3406
0.3631
0.3851
0.4066

7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8

0.9281
0.9342
0.9398
0.9450
0.9497

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.8427
0.8527
0.8620
0.8706
0.8787

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

0.9857
0.9865
0.9872
0.9879
0.9886

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.6321
0.6501
0.6671
0.6834
0.6988

6.0
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8

0.9502
0.9550
0.9592
0.9631
0.9666

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.4276
0.4481
0.4681
0.4875
0.5064

8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8

0.9540
0.9579
0.9616
0.9649
0.9679

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.8862
0.8931
0.8997
0.9057
0.9114

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

0.9892
0.9898
0.9904
0.9909
0.9914

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.7135
0.7275
0.7408
0.7534
0.7654

7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8

0.9698
0.9727
0.9753
0.9776
0.9798

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.5247
0.5425
0.5598
0.5765
0.5927

9.0
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8

0.9707
0.9733
0.9756
0.9777
0.9797

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

0.9167
0.9217
0.9264
0.9307
0.9348

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

0.9918
0.9923
0.9927
0.9931
0.9935

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

0.7769
0.7878
0.7981
0.8080
0.8173

8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8

0.9817
0.9834
0.9850
0.9864
0.9877

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

0.6084
0.6235
0.6382
0.6524
0.6660

10.0
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8

0.9814
0.9831
0.9845
0.9859
0.9871

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

0.9386
0.9422
0.9456
0.9487
0.9517

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

0.9938
0.9942
0.9945
0.9948
0.9951

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

0.8262
0.8347
0.8428
0.8504
0.8577

9.0
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8

0.9889
0.9899
0.9909
0.9918
0.9926

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

0.6792
0.6920
0.7043
0.7161
0.7275

11.0
11.2
11.4
11.6
11.8

0.9883
0.9893
0.9903
0.9911
0.9919

4.0

0.9545

8.0

0.9953

4.0

0.8647

10.0

0.9933

4.0

0.7385

12.0

0.9926

Probabilities for the c 2 distribution

4

10

11

12

13

14

0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0

0.0265
0.0902
0.1734
0.2642

0.0079
0.0374
0.0869
0.1509

0.0022
0.0144
0.0405
0.0803

0.0006
0.0052
0.0177
0.0402

0.0001
0.0018
0.0073
0.0190

0.0000
0.0006
0.0029
0.0085

0.0000
0.0002
0.0011
0.0037

0.0000
0.0001
0.0004
0.0015

0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0006

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001

2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5

0.3554
0.4422
0.5221
0.5940
0.6575

0.2235
0.3000
0.3766
0.4506
0.5201

0.1315
0.1912
0.2560
0.3233
0.3907

0.0729
0.1150
0.1648
0.2202
0.2793

0.0383
0.0656
0.1008
0.1429
0.1906

0.0191
0.0357
0.0589
0.0886
0.1245

0.0091
0.0186
0.0329
0.0527
0.0780

0.0042
0.0093
0.0177
0.0301
0.0471

0.0018
0.0045
0.0091
0.0166
0.0274

0.0008
0.0021
0.0046
0.0088
0.0154

0.0003
0.0009
0.0022
0.0045
0.0084

5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0

0.7127
0.7603
0.8009
0.8352
0.8641

0.5841
0.6421
0.6938
0.7394
0.7794

0.4562
0.5185
0.5768
0.6304
0.6792

0.3400
0.4008
0.4603
0.5173
0.5711

0.2424
0.2970
0.3528
0.4086
0.4634

0.1657
0.2113
0.2601
0.3110
0.3629

0.1088
0.1446
0.1847
0.2283
0.2746

0.0688
0.0954
0.1266
0.1620
0.2009

0.0420
0.0608
0.0839
0.1112
0.1424

0.0248
0.0375
0.0538
0.0739
0.0978

0.0142
0.0224
0.0335
0.0477
0.0653

7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5

0.8883
0.9084
0.9251
0.9389
0.9503

0.8140
0.8438
0.8693
0.8909
0.9093

0.7229
0.7619
0.7963
0.8264
0.8527

0.6213
0.6674
0.7094
0.7473
0.7813

0.5162
0.5665
0.6138
0.6577
0.6981

0.4148
0.4659
0.5154
0.5627
0.6075

0.3225
0.3712
0.4199
0.4679
0.5146

0.2427
0.2867
0.3321
0.3781
0.4242

0.1771
0.2149
0.2551
0.2971
0.3403

0.1254
0.1564
0.1904
0.2271
0.2658

0.0863
0.1107
0.1383
0.1689
0.2022

10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0

0.9596
0.9672
0.9734
0.9785
0.9826

0.9248
0.9378
0.9486
0.9577
0.9652

0.8753
0.8949
0.9116
0.9259
0.9380

0.8114
0.8380
0.8614
0.8818
0.8994

0.7350
0.7683
0.7983
0.8251
0.8488

0.6495
0.6885
0.7243
0.7570
0.7867

0.5595
0.6022
0.6425
0.6801
0.7149

0.4696
0.5140
0.5567
0.5976
0.6364

0.3840
0.4278
0.4711
0.5134
0.5543

0.3061
0.3474
0.3892
0.4310
0.4724

0.2378
0.2752
0.3140
0.3536
0.3937

12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5

0.9860
0.9887
0.9909
0.9927
0.9941

0.9715
0.9766
0.9809
0.9844
0.9873

0.9483
0.9570
0.9643
0.9704
0.9755

0.9147
0.9279
0.9392
0.9488
0.9570

0.8697
0.8882
0.9042
0.9182
0.9304

0.8134
0.8374
0.8587
0.8777
0.8944

0.7470
0.7763
0.8030
0.8270
0.8486

0.6727
0.7067
0.7381
0.7670
0.7935

0.5936
0.6310
0.6662
0.6993
.7301

0.5129
0.5522
0.5900
0.6262
0.6604

0.4338
0.4735
0.5124
0.5503
0.5868

15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0

0.9953
0.9962
0.9970
0.9976
0.9981

0.9896
0.9916
0.9932
0.9944
0.9955

0.9797
0.9833
0.9862
0.9887
0.9907

0.9640
0.9699
0.9749
0.9791
0.9826

0.9409
0.9499
0.9576
0.9642
0.9699

0.9091
0.9219
0.9331
0.9429
0.9513

0.8679
0.8851
0.9004
0.9138
0.9256

0.8175
0.8393
0.8589
0.8764
0.8921

0.7586
0.7848
0.8088
0.8306
0.8504

0.6926
0.7228
0.7509
0.7768
0.8007

0.6218
0.6551
0.6866
0.7162
0.7438

17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5

0.9985
0.9988
0.9990
0.9992
0.9994

0.9964
0.9971
0.9976
0.9981
0.9984

0.9924
0.9938
0.9949
0.9958
0.9966

0.9856
0.9880
0.9901
0.9918
0.9932

0.9747
0.9788
0.9822
0.9851
0.9876

0.9586
0.9648
0.9702
0.9748
0.9787

0.9360
0.9450
0.9529
0.9597
0.9656

0.9061
0.9184
0.9293
0.9389
0.9473

0.8683
0.8843
0.8987
0.9115
0.9228

0.8226
0.8425
0.8606
0.8769
0.8916

0.7695
0.7932
0.8151
0.8351
0.8533

20
21
22
23
24

0.9995
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999

0.9988
0.9992
0.9995
0.9997
0.9998

0.9972
0.9982
0.9988
0.9992
0.9995

0.9944
0.9962
0.9975
0.9983
0.9989

0.9897
0.9929
0.9951
0.9966
0.9977

0.9821
0.9873
0.9911
0.9938
0.9957

0.9707
0.9789
0.9849
0.9893
0.9924

0.9547
0.9666
0.9756
0.9823
0.9873

0.9329
0.9496
0.9625
0.9723
0.9797

0.9048
0.9271
0.9446
0.9583
0.9689

0.8699
0.8984
0.9214
0.9397
0.9542

25
26
27
28
29

0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000

0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999

0.9992
0.9995
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999

0.9984
0.9989
0.9993
0.9995
0.9997

0.9970
0.9980
0.9986
0.9990
0.9994

0.9947
0.9963
0.9974
0.9982
0.9988

0.9909
0.9935
0.9954
0.9968
0.9977

0.9852
0.9893
0.9923
0.9945
0.9961

0.9769
0.9830
0.9876
0.9910
0.9935

0.9654
0.9741
0.9807
0.9858
0.9895

v=
x

30 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9991 0.9984 0.9972 0.9953 0.9924

165

Probabilities for the c 2 distribution

15

v=

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

x
3
4

0.0004
0.0023

0.0002
0.0011

0.0001
0.0005

0.0000
0.0002

0.0000
0.0001

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

5
6
7
8
9

0.0079
0.0203
0.0424
0.0762
0.1225

0.0042
0.0119
0.0267
0.0511
0.0866

0.0022
0.0068
0.0165
0.0335
0.0597

0.0011
0.0038
0.0099
0.0214
0.0403

0.0006
0.0021
0.0058
0.0133
0.0265

0.0003
0.0011
0.0033
0.0081
0.0171

0.0001
0.0006
0.0019
0.0049
0.0108

0.0001
0.0003
0.0010
0.0028
0.0067

0.0000
0.0001
0.0005
0.0016
0.0040

0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0009
0.0024

0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0005
0.0014

10
11
12
13
14

0.1803
0.2474
0.3210
0.3977
0.4745

0.1334
0.1905
0.2560
0.3272
0.4013

0.0964
0.1434
0.1999
0.2638
0.3329

0.0681
0.1056
0.1528
0.2084
0.2709

0.0471
0.0762
0.1144
0.1614
0.2163

0.0318
0.0538
0.0839
0.1226
0.1695

0.0211
0.0372
0.0604
0.0914
0.1304

0.0137
0.0253
0.0426
0.0668
0.0985

0.0087
0.0168
0.0295
0.0480
0.0731

0.0055
0.0110
0.0201
0.0339
0.0533

0.0033
0.0071
0.0134
0.0235
0.0383

15
16
17
18
19

0.5486
0.6179
0.6811
0.7373
0.7863

0.4754
0.5470
0.6144
0.6761
0.7313

0.4045
0.4762
0.5456
0.6112
0.6715

0.3380
0.4075
0.4769
0.5443
0.6082

0.2774
0.3427
0.4101
0.4776
0.5432

0.2236
0.2834
0.3470
0.4126
0.4782

0.1770
0.2303
0.2889
0.3510
0.4149

0.1378
0.1841
0.2366
0.2940
0.3547

0.1054
0.1447
0.1907
0.2425
0.2988

0.0792
0.1119
0.1513
0.1970
0.2480

0.0586
0.0852
0.1182
0.1576
0.2029

20
21
22
23
24

0.8281
0.8632
0.8922
0.9159
0.9349

0.7798
0.8215
0.8568
0.8863
0.9105

0.7258
0.7737
0.8153
0.8507
0.8806

0.6672
0.7206
0.7680
0.8094
0.8450

0.6054
0.6632
0.7157
0.7627
0.8038

0.5421
0.6029
0.6595
0.7112
0.7576

0.4787
0.5411
0.6005
0.6560
0.7069

0.4170
0.4793
0.5401
0.5983
0.6528

0.3581
0.4189
0.4797
0.5392
0.5962

0.3032
0.3613
0.4207
0.4802
0.5384

0.2532
0.3074
0.3643
0.4224
0.4806

25
26
27
28
29

0.9501
0.9620
0.9713
0.9784
0.9839

0.9302
0.9460
0.9585
0.9684
0.9761

0.9053
0.9255
0.9419
0.9551
0.9655

0.8751
0.9002
0.9210
0.9379
0.9516

0.8395
0.8698
0.8953
0.9166
0.9340

0.7986
0.8342
0.8647
0.8906
0.9122

0.7528
0.7936
0.8291
0.8598
0.8860

0.7029
0.7483
0.7888
0.8243
0.8551

0.6497
0.6991
0.7440
0.7842
0.8197

0.5942
0.6468
0.6955
0.7400
0.7799

0.5376
0.5924
0.6441
0.6921
0.7361

30
31
32
33
34

0.9881
0.9912
0.9936
0.9953
0.9966

0.9820
0.9865
0.9900
0.9926
0.9946

0.9737
0.9800
0.9850
0.9887
0.9916

0.9626
0.9712
0.9780
0.9833
0.9874

0.9482
0.9596
0.9687
0.9760
0.9816

0.9301
0.9448
0.9567
0.9663
0.9739

0.9080
0.9263
0.9414
0.9538
0.9638

0.8815
0.9039
0.9226
0.9381
0.9509

0.8506
0.8772
0.8999
0.9189
0.9348

0.8152
0.8462
0.8730
0.8959
0.9153

0.7757
0.8110
0.8420
0.8689
0.8921

35
36
37
38
39

0.9975
0.9982
0.9987
0.9991
0.9994

0.9960
0.9971
0.9979
0.9985
0.9989

0.9938
0.9954
0.9966
0.9975
0.9982

0.9905
0.9929
0.9948
0.9961
0.9972

0.9860
0.9894
0.9921
0.9941
0.9956

0.9799
0.9846
0.9883
0.9911
0.9933

0.9718
0.9781
0.9832
0.9871
0.9902

0.9613
0.9696
0.9763
0.9817
0.9859

0.9480
0.9587
0.9675
0.9745
0.9802

0.9316
0.9451
0.9562
0.9653
0.9727

0.9118
0.9284
0.9423
0.9537
0.9632

40
41
42
43
44

0.9995
0.9997
0.9998
0.9998
0.9999

0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998

0.9987
0.9991
0.9993
0.9995
0.9997

0.9979
0.9985
0.9989
0.9992
0.9994

0.9967
0.9976
0.9982
0.9987
0.9991

0.9950
0.9963
0.9972
0.9980
0.9985

0.9926
0.9944
0.9958
0.9969
0.9977

0.9892
0.9918
0.9937
0.9953
0.9965

0.9846
0.9882
0.9909
0.9931
0.9947

0.9786
0.9833
0.9871
0.9901
0.9924

0.9708
0.9770
0.9820
0.9860
0.9892

45
46
47
48
49

0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000

0.9998
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999

0.9996
0.9997
0.9998
0.9998
0.9999

0.9993
0.9995
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998

0.9989
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997

0.9983
0.9987
0.9991
0.9993
0.9995

0.9973
0.9980
0.9985
0.9989
0.9992

0.9960
0.9970
0.9978
0.9983
0.9988

0.9942
0.9956
0.9967
0.9975
0.9981

0.9916
0.9936
0.9951
0.9963
0.9972

50

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

0.9999

0.9999

0.9998

0.9996

0.9994

0.9991

0.9986

0.9979

166

167

Percentage Points for the c 2 distribution

This table gives percentage points x defined by the equation

P=

1
2 v G (v )

v -1 - t
t
e dt
x

(The above shape applies only for v 3. When v < 3, the mode is at the origin.)
P=
v

99.95%

99.9%

99.5%

99%

97.5%

95%

90%

80%

70%

60%

1 3.927E07 1.571E06 3.927E05 1.571E04 9.821E04 0.003932 0.01579 0.06418 0.1485 0.2750
2 0.001000 0.002001
0.01003
0.02010
0.05064
0.1026 0.2107 0.4463 0.7133 1.022
3
0.01528
0.02430
0.07172
0.1148
0.2158
0.3518 0.5844
1.005 1.424 1.869
4
0.06392
0.09080
0.2070
0.2971
0.4844
0.7107
1.064
1.649 2.195 2.753
5
6
7
8
9

0.1581
0.2994
0.4849
0.7104
0.9718

0.2102
0.3810
0.5985
0.8571
1.152

0.4118
0.6757
0.9893
1.344
1.735

0.5543
0.8721
1.239
1.647
2.088

0.8312
1.237
1.690
2.180
2.700

1.145
1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325

1.610
2.204
2.833
3.490
4.168

2.343
3.070
3.822
4.594
5.380

3.000
3.828
4.671
5.527
6.393

3.656
4.570
5.493
6.423
7.357

10
11
12
13
14

1.265
1.587
1.935
2.305
2.697

1.479
1.834
2.214
2.617
3.041

2.156
2.603
3.074
3.565
4.075

2.558
3.053
3.571
4.107
4.660

3.247
3.816
4.404
5.009
5.629

3.940
4.575
5.226
5.892
6.571

4.865
5.578
6.304
7.041
7.790

6.179
6.989
7.807
8.634
9.467

7.267
8.148
9.034
9.926
10.82

8.295
9.237
10.18
11.13
12.08

15
16
17
18
19

3.107
3.536
3.980
4.439
4.913

3.483
3.942
4.416
4.905
5.407

4.601
5.142
5.697
6.265
6.844

5.229
5.812
6.408
7.015
7.633

6.262
6.908
7.564
8.231
8.907

7.261
7.962
8.672
9.390
10.12

8.547
9.312
10.09
10.86
11.65

10.31
11.15
12.00
12.86
13.72

11.72
12.62
13.53
14.44
15.35

13.03
13.98
14.94
15.89
16.85

20
21
22
23
24

5.398
5.895
6.404
6.924
7.453

5.921
6.447
6.983
7.529
8.085

7.434
8.034
8.643
9.260
9.886

8.260
8.897
9.542
10.20
10.86

9.591
10.28
10.98
11.69
12.40

10.85
11.59
12.34
13.09
13.85

12.44
13.24
14.04
14.85
15.66

14.58
15.44
16.31
17.19
18.06

16.27
17.18
18.10
19.02
19.94

17.81
18.77
19.73
20.69
21.65

25
26
27
28
29

7.991
8.537
9.093
9.656
10.23

8.649
9.222
9.803
10.39
10.99

10.52
11.16
11.81
12.46
13.12

11.52
12.20
12.88
13.56
14.26

13.12
13.84
14.57
15.31
16.05

14.61
15.38
16.15
16.93
17.71

16.47
17.29
18.11
18.94
19.77

18.94
19.82
20.70
21.59
22.48

20.87
21.79
22.72
23.65
24.58

22.62
23.58
24.54
25.51
26.48

30
32
34
36
38

10.80
11.98
13.18
14.40
15.64

11.59
12.81
14.06
15.32
16.61

13.79
15.13
16.50
17.89
19.29

14.95
16.36
17.79
19.23
20.69

16.79
18.29
19.81
21.34
22.88

18.49
20.07
21.66
23.27
24.88

20.60
22.27
23.95
25.64
27.34

23.36
25.15
26.94
28.73
30.54

25.51
27.37
29.24
31.12
32.99

27.44
29.38
31.31
33.25
35.19

40
50
60
70
80

16.91
23.46
30.34
37.47
44.79

17.92
24.67
31.74
39.04
46.52

20.71
27.99
35.53
43.28
51.17

22.16
29.71
37.48
45.44
53.54

24.43
32.36
40.48
48.76
57.15

26.51
34.76
43.19
51.74
60.39

29.05
37.69
46.46
55.33
64.28

32.34
41.45
50.64
59.90
69.21

34.87
44.31
53.81
63.35
72.92

37.13
46.86
56.62
66.40
76.19

90
100

52.28
59.89

54.16
61.92

59.20
67.33

61.75
70.06

65.65
74.22

69.13
77.93

73.29
82.36

78.56
87.95

82.51
92.13

85.99
95.81

168

Percentage Points for the c 2 distribution

P=
v
1
2
3
4

50%

40%

0.4549 0.7083
1.386 1.833
2.366 2.946
3.357 4.045

30%

20%

10%

5%

2.5%

1%

0.5%

0.1%

0.05%

1.074
2.408
3.665
4.878

1.642
3.219
4.642
5.989

2.706
4.605
6.251
7.779

3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488

5.024
7.378
9.348
11.14

6.635
9.210
11.34
13.28

7.879
10.60
12.84
14.86

10.83
13.82
16.27
18.47

12.12
15.20
17.73
20.00

5
6
7
8
9

4.351
5.348
6.346
7.344
8.343

5.132
6.211
7.283
8.351
9.414

6.064
7.231
8.383
9.524
10.66

7.289
8.558
9.803
11.03
12.24

9.236
10.64
12.02
13.36
14.68

11.07
12.59
14.07
15.51
16.92

12.83
14.45
16.01
17.53
19.02

15.09
16.81
18.48
20.09
21.67

16.75
18.55
20.28
21.95
23.59

20.51
22.46
24.32
26.12
27.88

22.11
24.10
26.02
27.87
29.67

10
11
12
13
14

9.342
10.34
11.34
12.34
13.34

10.47
11.53
12.58
13.64
14.69

11.78
12.90
14.01
15.12
16.22

13.44
14.63
15.81
16.98
18.15

15.99
17.28
18.55
19.81
21.06

18.31
19.68
21.03
22.36
23.68

20.48
21.92
23.34
24.74
26.12

23.21
24.73
26.22
27.69
29.14

25.19
26.76
28.30
29.82
31.32

29.59
31.26
32.91
34.53
36.12

31.42
33.14
34.82
36.48
38.11

15
16
17
18
19

14.34
15.34
16.34
17.34
18.34

15.73
16.78
17.82
18.87
19.91

17.32
18.42
19.51
20.60
21.69

19.31
20.47
21.61
22.76
23.90

22.31
23.54
24.77
25.99
27.20

25.00
26.30
27.59
28.87
30.14

27.49
28.85
30.19
31.53
32.85

30.58
32.00
33.41
34.81
36.19

32.80
34.27
35.72
37.16
38.58

37.70
39.25
40.79
42.31
43.82

39.72
41.31
42.88
44.43
45.97

20
21
22
23
24

19.34
20.34
21.34
22.34
23.34

20.95
21.99
23.03
24.07
25.11

22.77
23.86
24.94
26.02
27.10

25.04
26.17
27.30
28.43
29.55

28.41
29.62
30.81
32.01
33.20

31.41
32.67
33.92
35.17
36.42

34.17
35.48
36.78
38.08
39.36

37.57
38.93
40.29
41.64
42.98

40.00
41.40
42.80
44.18
45.56

45.31
46.80
48.27
49.73
51.18

47.50
49.01
50.51
52.00
53.48

25
26
27
28
29

24.34
25.34
26.34
27.34
28.34

26.14
27.18
28.21
29.25
30.28

28.17
29.25
30.32
31.39
32.46

30.68
31.79
32.91
34.03
35.14

34.38
35.56
36.74
37.92
39.09

37.65
38.89
40.11
41.34
42.56

40.65
41.92
43.19
44.46
45.72

44.31
45.64
46.96
48.28
49.59

46.93
48.29
49.65
50.99
52.34

52.62
54.05
55.48
56.89
58.30

54.95
56.41
57.86
59.30
60.73

30
32
34
36
38

29.34
31.34
33.34
35.34
37.34

31.32
33.38
35.44
37.50
39.56

33.53
35.66
37.80
39.92
42.05

36.25
38.47
40.68
42.88
45.08

40.26
42.58
44.90
47.21
49.51

43.77
46.19
48.60
51.00
53.38

46.98
49.48
51.97
54.44
56.90

50.89
53.49
56.06
58.62
61.16

53.67
56.33
58.96
61.58
64.18

59.70
62.49
65.25
67.98
70.70

62.16
64.99
67.80
70.59
73.35

40
50
60
70
80

39.34
49.33
59.33
69.33
79.33

41.62
51.89
62.13
72.36
82.57

44.16
54.72
65.23
75.69
86.12

47.27
58.16
68.97
79.71
90.41

51.81
63.17
74.40
85.53
96.58

55.76
67.50
79.08
90.53
101.9

59.34
71.42
83.30
95.02
106.6

63.69
76.15
88.38
100.4
112.3

66.77
79.49
91.95
104.2
116.3

73.40
86.66
99.61
112.3
124.8

76.10
89.56
102.7
115.6
128.3

90
100

89.33
99.33

92.76
102.9

96.52
106.9

101.1
111.7

107.6
118.5

113.1
124.3

118.1
129.6

124.1
135.8

128.3
140.2

137.2
149.4

140.8
153.2

169

Percentage Points for the F distribution

The function tabulated is x defined for the specified percentage points P by the equation

v +v
G 1 2

2
t v1 -1
v v
P=
v1 1 v2 2
dt
(v1 +v2 )
x
G (v1 ) G (v2 )
(v2 + v1t )

(The above shape applies only for v1 3. When v1 < 3, the mode is at the origin. )

170

10% Points for the F distribution

v1 =

10

12

24

58.91
9.349
5.266
3.979

59.44
9.367
5.252
3.955

59.86
9.381
5.240
3.936

60.19
9.392
5.230
3.920

60.71
9.408
5.216
3.896

62.00
9.450
5.176
3.831

63.33
9.491
5.134
3.761

3.405
3.055
2.827
2.668
2.551

3.368
3.014
2.785
2.624
2.505

3.339
2.983
2.752
2.589
2.469

3.316
2.958
2.725
2.561
2.440

3.297
2.937
2.703
2.538
2.416

3.268
2.905
2.668
2.502
2.379

3.191
2.818
2.575
2.404
2.277

3.105
2.722
2.471
2.293
2.159

2.522
2.451
2.394
2.347
2.307

2.461
2.389
2.331
2.283
2.243

2.414
2.342
2.283
2.234
2.193

2.377
2.304
2.245
2.195
2.154

2.347
2.274
2.214
2.164
2.122

2.323
2.248
2.188
2.138
2.095

2.284
2.209
2.147
2.097
2.054

2.178
2.100
2.036
1.983
1.938

2.055
1.972
1.904
1.846
1.797

2.361
2.333
2.308
2.286
2.266

2.273
2.244
2.218
2.196
2.176

2.208
2.178
2.152
2.130
2.109

2.158
2.128
2.102
2.079
2.058

2.119
2.088
2.061
2.038
2.017

2.086
2.055
2.028
2.005
1.984

2.059
2.028
2.001
1.977
1.956

2.017
1.985
1.958
1.933
1.912

1.899
1.866
1.836
1.810
1.787

1.755
1.718
1.686
1.657
1.631

2.380
2.365
2.351
2.339
2.327

2.249
2.233
2.219
2.207
2.195

2.158
2.142
2.128
2.115
2.103

2.091
2.075
2.060
2.047
2.035

2.040
2.023
2.008
1.995
1.983

1.999
1.982
1.967
1.953
1.941

1.965
1.948
1.933
1.919
1.906

1.937
1.920
1.904
1.890
1.877

1.892
1.875
1.859
1.845
1.832

1.767
1.748
1.731
1.716
1.702

1.607
1.586
1.567
1.549
1.533

2.528
2.519
2.511
2.503
2.495

2.317
2.307
2.299
2.291
2.283

2.184
2.174
2.165
2.157
2.149

2.092
2.082
2.073
2.064
2.057

2.024
2.014
2.005
1.996
1.988

1.971
1.961
1.952
1.943
1.935

1.929
1.919
1.909
1.900
1.892

1.895
1.884
1.874
1.865
1.857

1.866
1.855
1.845
1.836
1.827

1.820
1.809
1.799
1.790
1.781

1.689
1.677
1.666
1.656
1.647

1.518
1.504
1.491
1.478
1.467

2.881
2.869
2.859
2.850
2.842

2.489
2.477
2.466
2.456
2.448

2.276
2.263
2.252
2.243
2.234

2.142
2.129
2.118
2.108
2.099

2.049
2.036
2.024
2.014
2.005

1.980
1.967
1.955
1.945
1.935

1.927
1.913
1.901
1.891
1.881

1.884
1.870
1.858
1.847
1.838

1.849
1.835
1.822
1.811
1.802

1.819
1.805
1.793
1.781
1.772

1.773
1.758
1.745
1.734
1.724

1.638
1.622
1.608
1.595
1.584

1.456
1.437
1.420
1.404
1.390

2.835
2.791
2.748
2.706

2.440
2.393
2.347
2.303

2.226
2.177
2.130
2.084

2.091
2.041
1.992
1.945

1.997
1.946
1.896
1.847

1.927
1.875
1.824
1.774

1.873
1.819
1.767
1.717

1.829
1.775
1.722
1.670

1.793
1.738
1.684
1.632

1.763
1.707
1.652
1.599

1.715
1.657
1.601
1.546

1.574
1.511
1.447
1.383

1.377
1.292
1.193
1.000

1
2
3
4

39.86
8.526
5.538
4.545

49.50
9.000
5.462
4.325

53.59
9.162
5.391
4.191

55.83
9.243
5.343
4.107

57.24
9.293
5.309
4.051

58.20
9.326
5.285
4.010

5
6
7
8
9

4.060
3.776
3.589
3.458
3.360

3.780
3.463
3.257
3.113
3.006

3.619
3.289
3.074
2.924
2.813

3.520
3.181
2.961
2.806
2.693

3.453
3.108
2.883
2.726
2.611

10
11
12
13
14

3.285
3.225
3.177
3.136
3.102

2.924
2.860
2.807
2.763
2.726

2.728
2.660
2.606
2.560
2.522

2.605
2.536
2.480
2.434
2.395

15
16
17
18
19

3.073
3.048
3.026
3.007
2.990

2.695
2.668
2.645
2.624
2.606

2.490
2.462
2.437
2.416
2.397

20
21
22
23
24

2.975
2.961
2.949
2.937
2.927

2.589
2.575
2.561
2.549
2.538

25
26
27
28
29

2.918
2.909
2.901
2.894
2.887

30
32
34
36
38
40
60
120

v2

171

5% Points for the F distribution

v1 =

10

12

24

236.8
19.35
8.887
6.094

238.9
19.37
8.845
6.041

240.5
19.38
8.812
5.999

241.9
19.40
8.785
5.964

243.9
19.41
8.745
5.912

249.1
19.45
8.638
5.774

254.3
19.50
8.527
5.628

4.950
4.284
3.866
3.581
3.374

4.876
4.207
3.787
3.500
3.293

4.818
4.147
3.726
3.438
3.230

4.772
4.099
3.677
3.388
3.179

4.735
4.060
3.637
3.347
3.137

4.678
4.000
3.575
3.284
3.073

4.527
3.841
3.410
3.115
2.900

4.365
3.669
3.230
2.928
2.707

3.326
3.204
3.106
3.025
2.958

3.217
3.095
2.996
2.915
2.848

3.135
3.012
2.913
2.832
2.764

3.072
2.948
2.849
2.767
2.699

3.020
2.896
2.796
2.714
2.646

2.978
2.854
2.753
2.671
2.602

2.913
2.788
2.687
2.604
2.534

2.737
2.609
2.505
2.420
2.349

2.538
2.405
2.296
2.206
2.131

3.056
3.007
2.965
2.928
2.895

2.901
2.852
2.810
2.773
2.740

2.790
2.741
2.699
2.661
2.628

2.707
2.657
2.614
2.577
2.544

2.641
2.591
2.548
2.510
2.477

2.588
2.538
2.494
2.456
2.423

2.544
2.494
2.450
2.412
2.378

2.475
2.425
2.381
2.342
2.308

2.288
2.235
2.190
2.150
2.114

2.066
2.010
1.960
1.917
1.878

3.098
3.072
3.049
3.028
3.009

2.866
2.840
2.817
2.796
2.776

2.711
2.685
2.661
2.640
2.621

2.599
2.573
2.549
2.528
2.508

2.514
2.488
2.464
2.442
2.423

2.447
2.420
2.397
2.375
2.355

2.393
2.366
2.342
2.320
2.300

2.348
2.321
2.297
2.275
2.255

2.278
2.250
2.226
2.204
2.183

2.082
2.054
2.028
2.005
1.984

1.843
1.812
1.783
1.757
1.733

3.385
3.369
3.354
3.340
3.328

2.991
2.975
2.960
2.947
2.934

2.759
2.743
2.728
2.714
2.701

2.603
2.587
2.572
2.558
2.545

2.490
2.474
2.459
2.445
2.432

2.405
2.388
2.373
2.359
2.346

2.337
2.321
2.305
2.291
2.278

2.282
2.265
2.250
2.236
2.223

2.236
2.220
2.204
2.190
2.177

2.165
2.148
2.132
2.118
2.104

1.964
1.946
1.930
1.915
1.901

1.711
1.691
1.672
1.654
1.638

4.171
4.149
4.130
4.113
4.098

3.316
3.295
3.276
3.259
3.245

2.922
2.901
2.883
2.866
2.852

2.690
2.668
2.650
2.634
2.619

2.534
2.512
2.494
2.477
2.463

2.421
2.399
2.380
2.364
2.349

2.334
2.313
2.294
2.277
2.262

2.266
2.244
2.225
2.209
2.194

2.211
2.189
2.170
2.153
2.138

2.165
2.142
2.123
2.106
2.091

2.092
2.070
2.050
2.033
2.017

1.887
1.864
1.843
1.824
1.808

1.622
1.594
1.569
1.547
1.527

4.085
4.001
3.920
3.841

3.232
3.150
3.072
2.996

2.839
2.758
2.680
2.605

2.606
2.525
2.447
2.372

2.449
2.368
2.290
2.214

2.336
2.254
2.175
2.099

2.249
2.167
2.087
2.010

2.180
2.097
2.016
1.938

2.124
2.040
1.959
1.880

2.077
1.993
1.910
1.831

2.003
1.917
1.834
1.752

1.793
1.700
1.608
1.517

1.509
1.389
1.254
1.000

1
2
3
4

161.4
18.51
10.13
7.709

199.5
19.00
9.552
6.944

215.7
19.16
9.277
6.591

224.6
19.25
9.117
6.388

230.2
19.30
9.013
6.256

234.0
19.33
8.941
6.163

5
6
7
8
9

6.608
5.987
5.591
5.318
5.117

5.786
5.143
4.737
4.459
4.256

5.409
4.757
4.347
4.066
3.863

5.192
4.534
4.120
3.838
3.633

5.050
4.387
3.972
3.688
3.482

10
11
12
13
14

4.965
4.844
4.747
4.667
4.600

4.103
3.982
3.885
3.806
3.739

3.708
3.587
3.490
3.411
3.344

3.478
3.357
3.259
3.179
3.112

15
16
17
18
19

4.543
4.494
4.451
4.414
4.381

3.682
3.634
3.592
3.555
3.522

3.287
3.239
3.197
3.160
3.127

20
21
22
23
24

4.351
4.325
4.301
4.279
4.260

3.493
3.467
3.443
3.422
3.403

25
26
27
28
29

4.242
4.225
4.210
4.196
4.183

30
32
34
36
38
40
60
120

v2

172

2% Points for the F distribution

v1 =

10

12

24

v2
1
2
3
4

647.8
38.51
17.44
12.22

799.5
39.00
16.04
10.65

864.2
39.17
15.44
9.979

899.6
39.25
15.10
9.605

921.8
39.30
14.88
9.364

937.1
39.33
14.73
9.197

948.2
39.36
14.62
9.074

956.6
39.37
14.54
8.980

963.3
39.39
14.47
8.905

968.6
39.40
14.42
8.844

976.7
39.41
14.34
8.751

997.3
39.46
14.12
8.511

1018
39.50
13.90
8.257

5
6
7
8
9

10.01
8.813
8.073
7.571
7.209

8.434
7.260
6.542
6.059
5.715

7.764
6.599
5.890
5.416
5.078

7.388
6.227
5.523
5.053
4.718

7.146
5.988
5.285
4.817
4.484

6.978
5.820
5.119
4.652
4.320

6.853
5.695
4.995
4.529
4.197

6.757
5.600
4.899
4.433
4.102

6.681
5.523
4.823
4.357
4.026

6.619
5.461
4.761
4.295
3.964

6.525
5.366
4.666
4.200
3.868

6.278
5.117
4.415
3.947
3.614

6.015
4.849
4.142
3.670
3.333

10
11
12
13
14

6.937
6.724
6.554
6.414
6.298

5.456
5.256
5.096
4.965
4.857

4.826
4.630
4.474
4.347
4.242

4.468
4.275
4.121
3.996
3.892

4.236
4.044
3.891
3.767
3.663

4.072
3.881
3.728
3.604
3.501

3.950
3.759
3.607
3.483
3.380

3.855
3.664
3.512
3.388
3.285

3.779
3.588
3.436
3.312
3.209

3.717
3.526
3.374
3.250
3.147

3.621
3.430
3.277
3.153
3.050

3.365
3.173
3.019
2.893
2.789

3.080
2.883
2.725
2.596
2.487

15
16
17
18
19

6.200
6.115
6.042
5.978
5.922

4.765
4.687
4.619
4.560
4.508

4.153
4.077
4.011
3.954
3.903

3.804
3.729
3.665
3.608
3.559

3.576
3.502
3.438
3.382
3.333

3.415
3.341
3.277
3.221
3.172

3.293
3.219
3.156
3.100
3.051

3.199
3.125
3.061
3.005
2.956

3.123
3.049
2.985
2.929
2.880

3.060
2.986
2.922
2.866
2.817

2.963
2.889
2.825
2.769
2.720

2.701
2.625
2.560
2.503
2.452

2.395
2.316
2.248
2.187
2.133

20
21
22
23
24

5.871
5.827
5.786
5.750
5.717

4.461
4.420
4.383
4.349
4.319

3.859
3.819
3.783
3.750
3.721

3.515
3.475
3.440
3.408
3.379

3.289
3.250
3.215
3.183
3.155

3.128
3.090
3.055
3.023
2.995

3.007
2.969
2.934
2.902
2.874

2.913
2.874
2.839
2.808
2.779

2.837
2.798
2.763
2.731
2.703

2.774
2.735
2.700
2.668
2.640

2.676
2.637
2.602
2.570
2.541

2.408
2.368
2.332
2.299
2.269

2.085
2.042
2.003
1.968
1.935

25
26
27
28
29

5.686
5.659
5.633
5.610
5.588

4.291
4.265
4.242
4.221
4.201

3.694
3.670
3.647
3.626
3.607

3.353
3.329
3.307
3.286
3.267

3.129
3.105
3.083
3.063
3.044

2.969
2.945
2.923
2.903
2.884

2.848
2.824
2.802
2.782
2.763

2.753
2.729
2.707
2.687
2.669

2.677
2.653
2.631
2.611
2.592

2.613
2.590
2.568
2.547
2.529

2.515
2.491
2.469
2.448
2.430

2.242
2.217
2.195
2.174
2.154

1.906
1.878
1.853
1.829
1.807

30
32
34
36
38

5.568
5.531
5.499
5.471
5.446

4.182
4.149
4.120
4.094
4.071

3.589
3.557
3.529
3.505
3.483

3.250
3.218
3.191
3.167
3.145

3.026
2.995
2.968
2.944
2.923

2.867
2.836
2.808
2.785
2.763

2.746
2.715
2.688
2.664
2.643

2.651
2.620
2.593
2.569
2.548

2.575
2.543
2.516
2.492
2.471

2.511
2.480
2.453
2.429
2.407

2.412
2.381
2.353
2.329
2.307

2.136
2.103
2.075
2.049
2.027

1.787
1.750
1.717
1.687
1.661

40
60
120

5.424
5.286
5.152
5.024

4.051
3.925
3.805
3.689

3.463
3.343
3.227
3.116

3.126
3.008
2.894
2.786

2.904
2.786
2.674
2.567

2.744
2.627
2.515
2.408

2.624
2.507
2.395
2.288

2.529
2.412
2.299
2.192

2.452
2.334
2.222
2.114

2.388
2.270
2.157
2.048

2.288
2.169
2.055
1.945

2.007
1.882
1.760
1.640

1.637
1.482
1.311
1.000

173

1% Points for the F distribution

v1 =

10

12

24

5928
99.36
27.67
14.98

5981
99.38
27.49
14.80

6022
99.39
27.35
14.66

6056
99.40
27.23
14.55

6107
99.42
27.05
14.37

6234
99.46
26.60
13.93

6366
99.50
26.13
13.46

10.67
8.466
7.191
6.371
5.802

10.46
8.260
6.993
6.178
5.613

10.29
8.102
6.840
6.029
5.467

10.16
7.976
6.719
5.911
5.351

10.05
7.874
6.620
5.814
5.257

9.888
7.718
6.469
5.667
5.111

9.466
7.313
6.074
5.279
4.729

9.021
6.880
5.650
4.859
4.311

5.636
5.316
5.064
4.862
4.695

5.386
5.069
4.821
4.620
4.456

5.200
4.886
4.640
4.441
4.278

5.057
4.744
4.499
4.302
4.140

4.942
4.632
4.388
4.191
4.030

4.849
4.539
4.296
4.100
3.939

4.706
4.397
4.155
3.960
3.800

4.327
4.021
3.780
3.587
3.427

3.909
3.603
3.361
3.165
3.004

4.893
4.773
4.669
4.579
4.500

4.556
4.437
4.336
4.248
4.171

4.318
4.202
4.101
4.015
3.939

4.142
4.026
3.927
3.841
3.765

4.004
3.890
3.791
3.705
3.631

3.895
3.780
3.682
3.597
3.523

3.805
3.691
3.593
3.508
3.434

3.666
3.553
3.455
3.371
3.297

3.294
3.181
3.083
2.999
2.925

2.869
2.753
2.653
2.566
2.489

4.938
4.874
4.817
4.765
4.718

4.431
4.369
4.313
4.264
4.218

4.103
4.042
3.988
3.939
3.895

3.871
3.812
3.758
3.710
3.667

3.699
3.640
3.587
3.539
3.496

3.564
3.506
3.453
3.406
3.363

3.457
3.398
3.346
3.299
3.256

3.368
3.310
3.258
3.211
3.168

3.231
3.173
3.121
3.074
3.032

2.859
2.801
2.749
2.702
2.659

2.421
2.360
2.306
2.256
2.211

5.568
5.526
5.488
5.453
5.420

4.675
4.637
4.601
4.568
4.538

4.177
4.140
4.106
4.074
4.045

3.855
3.818
3.785
3.754
3.725

3.627
3.591
3.558
3.528
3.499

3.457
3.421
3.388
3.358
3.330

3.324
3.288
3.256
3.226
3.198

3.217
3.182
3.149
3.120
3.092

3.129
3.094
3.062
3.032
3.005

2.993
2.958
2.926
2.896
2.868

2.620
2.585
2.552
2.522
2.495

2.170
2.132
2.097
2.064
2.034

7.562
7.499
7.444
7.396
7.353

5.390
5.336
5.289
5.248
5.211

4.510
4.459
4.416
4.377
4.343

4.018
3.969
3.927
3.890
3.858

3.699
3.652
3.611
3.574
3.542

3.473
3.427
3.386
3.351
3.319

3.305
3.258
3.218
3.183
3.152

3.173
3.127
3.087
3.052
3.021

3.067
3.021
2.981
2.946
2.915

2.979
2.934
2.894
2.859
2.828

2.843
2.798
2.758
2.723
2.692

2.469
2.423
2.383
2.347
2.316

2.006
1.956
1.911
1.872
1.837

7.314
7.077
6.851
6.635

5.178
4.977
4.787
4.605

4.313
4.126
3.949
3.782

3.828
3.649
3.480
3.319

3.514
3.339
3.174
3.017

3.291
3.119
2.956
2.802

3.124
2.953
2.792
2.639

2.993
2.823
2.663
2.511

2.888
2.718
2.559
2.407

2.801
2.632
2.472
2.321

2.665
2.496
2.336
2.185

2.288
2.115
1.950
1.791

1.805
1.601
1.381
1.000

1
2
3
4

4052
98.50
34.12
21.20

4999
99.00
30.82
18.00

5403
99.17
29.46
16.69

5625
99.25
28.71
15.98

5764
99.30
28.24
15.52

5859
99.33
27.91
15.21

5
6
7
8
9

16.26
13.75
12.25
11.26
10.56

13.27
10.92
9.547
8.649
8.022

12.06
9.780
8.451
7.591
6.992

11.39
9.148
7.847
7.006
6.422

10.97
8.746
7.460
6.632
6.057

10
11
12
13
14

10.04
9.646
9.330
9.074
8.862

7.559
7.206
6.927
6.701
6.515

6.552
6.217
5.953
5.739
5.564

5.994
5.668
5.412
5.205
5.035

15
16
17
18
19

8.683
8.531
8.400
8.285
8.185

6.359
6.226
6.112
6.013
5.926

5.417
5.292
5.185
5.092
5.010

20
21
22
23
24

8.096
8.017
7.945
7.881
7.823

5.849
5.780
5.719
5.664
5.614

25
26
27
28
29

7.770
7.721
7.677
7.636
7.598

30
32
34
36
38
40
60
120

v2

174

0.95123
0.90484
0.86071
0.81873

0.74082
0.67032
0.60653
0.54881
0.49659

0.44933
0.40657
0.36788
0.33287
0.30119

0.27253
0.24660
0.22313
0.20190
0.18268

0.16530
0.14957
0.13534
0.12246
0.11080

0.10026
0.09072
0.08208
0.07427
0.06721

0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70

0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20

1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70

1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20

2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70

0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20

x=

0.33085
0.30844
0.28730
0.26738
0.24866

0.46284
0.43375
0.40601
0.37961
0.35457

0.62682
0.59183
0.55783
0.52493
0.49325

0.80879
0.77248
0.73576
0.69903
0.66263

0.96306
0.93845
0.90980
0.87810
0.84420

0.99879
0.99532
0.98981
0.98248

0.59604
0.56971
0.54381
0.51843
0.49362

0.73062
0.70372
0.67668
0.64963
0.62271

0.85711
0.83350
0.80885
0.78336
0.75722

0.95258
0.93714
0.91970
0.90042
0.87949

0.99640
0.99207
0.98561
0.97688
0.96586

0.79935
0.77872
0.75758
0.73600
0.71409

0.89129
0.87470
0.85712
0.83864
0.81935

0.95690
0.94627
0.93436
0.92119
0.90681

0.99092
0.98654
0.98101
0.97426
0.96623

0.99973
0.99922
0.99825
0.99664
0.99425

0.99998
0.99985
0.99950 0.99998
0.99885 0.99994

0.91625
0.90413
0.89118
0.87742
0.86291

0.96359
0.95592
0.94735
0.93787
0.92750

0.98934
0.98575
0.98142
0.97632
0.97039

0.99859
0.99766
0.99634
0.99456
0.99225

0.99998
0.99994
0.99983
0.99961
0.99921

0.97002
0.96433
0.95798
0.95096
0.94327

0.98962
0.98678
0.98344
0.97955
0.97509

0.99777
0.99680
0.99554
0.99396
0.99200

0.99982
0.99966
0.99941
0.99903
0.99850

0.99999
0.99996
0.99991

0.99064
0.98841
0.98581
0.98283
0.97943

0.99743
0.99655
0.99547
0.99414
0.99254

0.99960
0.99938
0.99907
0.99866
0.99812

0.99998
0.99996
0.99992
0.99985
0.99975

0.99741
0.99666
0.99575
0.99467
0.99338

0.99944
0.99921
0.99890
0.99851
0.99802

0.99994
0.99989
0.99983
0.99974
0.99961

0.99999
0.99998
0.99996

0.99936
0.99914
0.99886
0.99851
0.99809

0.99989
0.99984
0.99976
0.99966
0.99953

0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99995
0.99993

All 1.00000

0.99999

0.99986
0.99980
0.99972
0.99962
0.99950

0.99998
0.99997
0.99995
0.99993
0.99990

0.99999
0.99999

e -m mt
The function tabulated is P ( X x ) =
.
t =0 t !

0.99997
0.99996
0.99994
0.99991
0.99988

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

10

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997

11

0.99999

12

13

2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70

1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20

1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70

0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20

0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70

0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20

=x
m

175

0.03688
0.03337
0.03020
0.02732
0.02472

0.02237
0.02024
0.01832
0.01657
0.01500

0.01357
0.01228
0.01111
0.01005
0.00910

0.00823
0.00745
0.00674
0.00610
0.00552

3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70

3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20

4.30
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70

4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
5.20

176

0.06081
0.05502
0.04979
0.04505
0.04076

2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20

x=
m

0.04773
0.04393
0.04043
0.03719
0.03420

0.07191
0.06630
0.06110
0.05629
0.05184

0.10738
0.09919
0.09158
0.08452
0.07798

0.15860
0.14684
0.13589
0.12569
0.11620

0.23108
0.21459
0.19915
0.18470
0.17120

0.14254
0.13333
0.12465
0.11648
0.10879

0.19735
0.18514
0.17358
0.16264
0.15230

0.26890
0.25313
0.23810
0.22381
0.21024

0.35943
0.33974
0.32085
0.30275
0.28543

0.46945
0.44596
0.42319
0.40116
0.37990

0.29423
0.27934
0.26503
0.25127
0.23807

0.37715
0.35945
0.34230
0.32571
0.30968

0.47348
0.45325
0.43347
0.41418
0.39540

0.58034
0.55836
0.53663
0.51522
0.49415

0.69194
0.66962
0.64723
0.62484
0.60252

0.47626
0.45821
0.44049
0.42313
0.40613

0.57044
0.55118
0.53210
0.51323
0.49461

0.66784
0.64837
0.62884
0.60931
0.58983

0.76259
0.74418
0.72544
0.70644
0.68722

0.84768
0.83178
0.81526
0.79819
0.78061

0.65101
0.63350
0.61596
0.59842
0.58091

0.73666
0.71991
0.70293
0.68576
0.66844

0.81556
0.80056
0.78513
0.76931
0.75314

0.88288
0.87054
0.85761
0.84412
0.83009

0.93489
0.92583
0.91608
0.90567
0.89459

0.79080
0.77665
0.76218
0.74742
0.73239

0.85579
0.84365
0.83105
0.81803
0.80461

0.90911
0.89948
0.88933
0.87865
0.86746

0.94903
0.94215
0.93471
0.92673
0.91819

0.97559
0.97128
0.96649
0.96120
0.95538

0.88667
0.87686
0.86663
0.85598
0.84492

0.92897
0.92142
0.91341
0.90495
0.89603

0.95989
0.95460
0.94887
0.94269
0.93606

0.98022
0.97693
0.97326
0.96921
0.96476

0.99187
0.99012
0.98810
0.98579
0.98317

0.94418
0.93824
0.93191
0.92518
0.91806

0.96830
0.96420
0.95974
0.95493
0.94974

0.98402
0.98147
0.97864
0.97551
0.97207

0.99309
0.99171
0.99013
0.98833
0.98630

0.99757
0.99694
0.99620
0.99532
0.99429

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.97486
0.97166
0.96817
0.96440
0.96033

0.98709
0.98511
0.98291
0.98047
0.97779

0.99420
0.99311
0.99187
0.99046
0.98887

0.99781
0.99729
0.99669
0.99598
0.99515

0.99934
0.99914
0.99890
0.99860
0.99824

0.98958
0.98803
0.98630
0.98440
0.98230

0.99518
0.99431
0.99333
0.99222
0.99098

0.99807
0.99765
0.99716
0.99659
0.99593

0.99936
0.99919
0.99898
0.99873
0.99843

0.99984
0.99978
0.99971
0.99962
0.99950

10

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.99601
0.99532
0.99455
0.99367
0.99269

0.99833
0.99799
0.99760
0.99714
0.99661

0.99941
0.99926
0.99908
0.99887
0.99863

0.99983
0.99978
0.99971
0.99963
0.99953

0.99996
0.99995
0.99993
0.99990
0.99987

11

0.99858
0.99830
0.99798
0.99761
0.99719

0.99947
0.99934
0.99919
0.99902
0.99882

0.99983
0.99978
0.99973
0.99966
0.99957

0.99996
0.99994
0.99992
0.99990
0.99987

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997

12

0.99953
0.99942
0.99930
0.99916
0.99899

0.99984
0.99980
0.99975
0.99969
0.99961

0.99996
0.99994
0.99992
0.99990
0.99987

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99997

1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
0.99999

13

4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
5.20

4.30
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70

3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20

3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70

2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20

=x
m

0.00499
0.00452
0.00409
0.00370
0.00335

0.00303
0.00274
0.00248
0.00224
0.00203

0.00184
0.00166
0.00150
0.00136
0.00123

0.00111
0.00101
0.00091
0.00071
0.00055

0.00043
0.00034
0.00026
0.00020
0.00016

x=
m

5.30
5.40
5.50
5.60
5.70

5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20

6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70

6.80
6.90
7.00
7.25
7.50

7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75

0.00377
0.00302
0.00242
0.00193
0.00154

0.00869
0.00796
0.00730
0.00586
0.00470

0.01341
0.01230
0.01128
0.01034
0.00948

0.02059
0.01890
0.01735
0.01592
0.01461

0.03145
0.02891
0.02656
0.02441
0.02242

0.01670
0.01375
0.01131
0.00928
0.00761

0.03444
0.03195
0.02964
0.02452
0.02026

0.04985
0.04632
0.04304
0.03997
0.03711

0.07151
0.06658
0.06197
0.05765
0.05362

0.10155
0.09476
0.08838
0.08239
0.07677

0.05012
0.04238
0.03576
0.03011
0.02530

0.09281
0.08713
0.08177
0.06963
0.05915

0.12637
0.11892
0.11185
0.10515
0.09881

0.16996
0.16035
0.15120
0.14250
0.13423

0.22541
0.21329
0.20170
0.19062
0.18005

0.11487
0.09963
0.08619
0.07436
0.06401

0.19203
0.18231
0.17299
0.15138
0.13206

0.24690
0.23507
0.22367
0.21270
0.20216

0.31272
0.29866
0.28506
0.27189
0.25918

0.38952
0.37331
0.35752
0.34215
0.32721

0.21522
0.19124
0.16939
0.14960
0.13174

0.32698
0.31366
0.30071
0.26992
0.24144

0.39877
0.38374
0.36904
0.35467
0.34065

0.47831
0.46187
0.44568
0.42975
0.41411

0.56347
0.54613
0.52892
0.51186
0.49498

0.34485
0.31337
0.28380
0.25618
0.23051

0.47992
0.46472
0.44971
0.41316
0.37815

0.55823
0.54233
0.52652
0.51084
0.49530

0.63839
0.62236
0.60630
0.59024
0.57421

0.71713
0.70167
0.68604
0.67026
0.65437

0.48837
0.45296
0.41864
0.38560
0.35398

0.62849
0.61361
0.59871
0.56152
0.52464

0.70175
0.68732
0.67276
0.65808
0.64332

0.77103
0.75763
0.74398
0.73010
0.71602

0.83348
0.82166
0.80949
0.79698
0.78415

0.62740
0.59255
0.55770
0.52311
0.48902

0.75477
0.74203
0.72909
0.69596
0.66197

0.81477
0.80331
0.79157
0.77956
0.76728

0.86719
0.85739
0.84724
0.83674
0.82591

0.91055
0.90265
0.89436
0.88568
0.87662

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.74712
0.71662
0.68516
0.65297
0.62031

0.85018
0.84049
0.83050
0.80427
0.77641

0.89388
0.88580
0.87738
0.86864
0.85957

0.92916
0.92279
0.91608
0.90902
0.90162

0.95594
0.95125
0.94622
0.94087
0.93518

0.83990
0.81589
0.79032
0.76336
0.73519

0.91507
0.90843
0.90148
0.88279
0.86224

0.94372
0.93859
0.93316
0.92743
0.92140

0.96510
0.96137
0.95738
0.95311
0.94856

0.98000
0.97749
0.97475
0.97178
0.96856

10

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.90527
0.88808
0.86919
0.84866
0.82657

0.95517
0.95104
0.94665
0.93454
0.92076

0.97227
0.96930
0.96612
0.96271
0.95906

0.98405
0.98207
0.97991
0.97756
0.97502

0.99159
0.99037
0.98901
0.98751
0.98586

11

0.94749
0.93620
0.92341
0.90908
0.89320

0.97790
0.97554
0.97300
0.96581
0.95733

0.98725
0.98568
0.98397
0.98211
0.98009

0.99321
0.99224
0.99117
0.98999
0.98868

0.99671
0.99617
0.99555
0.99486
0.99408

12

0.97266
0.96582
0.95782
0.94859
0.93805

0.98979
0.98855
0.98719
0.98324
0.97844

0.99451
0.99375
0.99290
0.99196
0.99093

0.99730
0.99686
0.99637
0.99582
0.99520

0.99880
0.99857
0.99831
0.99802
0.99768

13

7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75

6.80
6.90
7.00
7.25
7.50

6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70

5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20

5.30
5.40
5.50
5.60
5.70

=x
m

177

0.00012
0.00010
0.00007
0.00006
0.00005

0.00004
0.00003
0.00002
0.00002
0.00001

0.00001
0.00001
0.00001
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00

10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25

11.50
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50

12.75
13.00
13.25
13.50
13.75

14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00

178

x=
m

0.00001
0.00001
0.00001
0.00001
0.00000

0.00004
0.00003
0.00003
0.00002
0.00002

0.00013
0.00010
0.00008
0.00006
0.00005

0.00040
0.00032
0.00025
0.00020
0.00016

0.00123
0.00099
0.00079
0.00063
0.00050

0.00009
0.00008
0.00006
0.00005
0.00004

0.00028
0.00022
0.00018
0.00014
0.00012

0.00080
0.00065
0.00052
0.00042
0.00034

0.00226
0.00183
0.00149
0.00121
0.00098

0.00623
0.00510
0.00416
0.00340
0.00277

0.00047
0.00039
0.00032
0.00026
0.00021

0.00128
0.00105
0.00086
0.00071
0.00058

0.00336
0.00278
0.00229
0.00189
0.00155

0.00860
0.00715
0.00593
0.00492
0.00407

0.02123
0.01777
0.01486
0.01240
0.01034

0.00181
0.00150
0.00125
0.00103
0.00086

0.00447
0.00374
0.00312
0.00260
0.00217

0.01075
0.00904
0.00760
0.00638
0.00535

0.02486
0.02109
0.01786
0.01510
0.01275

0.05496
0.04709
0.04026
0.03435
0.02925

0.00553
0.00467
0.00394
0.00332
0.00279

0.01262
0.01073
0.00911
0.00773
0.00654

0.02773
0.02377
0.02034
0.01738
0.01482

0.05820
0.05038
0.04352
0.03752
0.03228

0.11569
0.10133
0.08853
0.07716
0.06709

0.01423
0.01220
0.01045
0.00894
0.00763

0.02994
0.02589
0.02234
0.01925
0.01656

0.06027
0.05260
0.04582
0.03984
0.03457

0.11515
0.10163
0.08949
0.07861
0.06891

0.20678
0.18495
0.16495
0.14671
0.13014

0.03162
0.02753
0.02394
0.02077
0.01800

0.06148
0.05403
0.04739
0.04148
0.03625

0.11373
0.10101
0.08950
0.07914
0.06983

0.19854
0.17851
0.16008
0.14319
0.12777

0.32390
0.29544
0.26866
0.24359
0.22022

0.06206
0.05484
0.04838
0.04260
0.03745

0.11175
0.09976
0.08886
0.07900
0.07008

0.19059
0.17210
0.15503
0.13932
0.12492

0.30538
0.27941
0.25494
0.23199
0.21054

0.45565
0.42320
0.39182
0.36166
0.33282

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.10940
0.09808
0.08776
0.07837
0.06985

0.18297
0.16581
0.14993
0.13526
0.12177

0.28879
0.26492
0.24239
0.22123
0.20143

0.42707
0.39713
0.36825
0.34051
0.31401

0.58741
0.55451
0.52183
0.48957
0.45793

0.17568
0.15970
0.14486
0.13113
0.11846

0.27377
0.25168
0.23083
0.21123
0.19285

0.40173
0.37397
0.34723
0.32158
0.29707

0.55179
0.52074
0.49005
0.45989
0.43041

0.70599
0.67597
0.64533
0.61428
0.58304

10

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.26004
0.23952
0.22013
0.20188
0.18475

0.37901
0.35316
0.32829
0.30445
0.28169

0.51980
0.49047
0.46160
0.43332
0.40576

0.66802
0.63873
0.60908
0.57927
0.54945

0.80301
0.77810
0.75199
0.72483
0.69678

11

0.35846
0.33430
0.31108
0.28884
0.26761

0.49083
0.46310
0.43590
0.40933
0.38349

0.63295
0.60453
0.57597
0.54740
0.51898

0.76729
0.74196
0.71572
0.68870
0.66105

0.87577
0.85683
0.83643
0.81464
0.79156

12

0.46445
0.43820
0.41253
0.38751
0.36322

0.60051
0.57304
0.54558
0.51825
0.49116

0.73304
0.70763
0.68154
0.65489
0.62784

0.84556
0.82535
0.80390
0.78129
0.75763

0.92615
0.91285
0.89814
0.88200
0.86446

13

14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00

12.75
13.00
13.25
13.50
13.75

11.50
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50

10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25

9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00

=x
m

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

x=
m

0.00003
0.00002
0.00001
0.00001
0.00000

All 0.00000

0.00002
0.00001
0.00001

0.00014
0.00009
0.00006
0.00004
0.00003

0.00001
0.00001

0.00008
0.00006
0.00004
0.00003
0.00002

0.00059
0.00040
0.00027
0.00018
0.00012

0.00001

0.00005
0.00003
0.00002
0.00002
0.00001

0.00032
0.00022
0.00015
0.00011
0.00007

0.00197
0.00138
0.00097
0.00067
0.00047

0.00003
0.00002
0.00001
0.00001
0.00001

0.00018
0.00012
0.00009
0.00006
0.00004

0.00104
0.00074
0.00052
0.00036
0.00026

0.00554
0.00401
0.00288
0.00206
0.00147

0.00010
0.00007
0.00005
0.00003
0.00002

0.00056
0.00039
0.00028
0.00020
0.00014

0.00289
0.00210
0.00151
0.00109
0.00078

0.01346
0.01000
0.00739
0.00543
0.00397

0.00030
0.00021
0.00015
0.00011
0.00008

0.00152
0.00111
0.00080
0.00058
0.00041

0.00706
0.00524
0.00387
0.00285
0.00209

0.02879
0.02199
0.01669
0.01260
0.00945

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.00081
0.00059
0.00043
0.00031
0.00022

0.00373
0.00277
0.00204
0.00150
0.00110

0.01538
0.01170
0.00886
0.00667
0.00500

0.05519
0.04330
0.03374
0.02612
0.02010

0.00198
0.00147
0.00108
0.00080
0.00059

0.00824
0.00625
0.00472
0.00355
0.00265

0.03037
0.02366
0.01832
0.01411
0.01081

0.09612
0.07740
0.06187
0.04912
0.03875

10

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.00443
0.00335
0.00252
0.00189
0.00142

0.01666
0.01290
0.00995
0.00763
0.00583

0.05489
0.04376
0.03467
0.02731
0.02139

0.15378
0.12699
0.10407
0.08467
0.06840

11

0.00912
0.00704
0.00540
0.00413
0.00314

0.03103
0.02455
0.01931
0.01512
0.01177

0.09167
0.07475
0.06056
0.04875
0.03901

0.22827
0.19312
0.16210
0.13502
0.11165

12

0.01743
0.01370
0.01072
0.00834
0.00647

0.05371
0.04336
0.03481
0.02778
0.02206

0.14260
0.11886
0.09840
0.08092
0.06613

0.31708
0.27451
0.23574
0.20087
0.16987

13

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

=x
m

179

180

0.99999
0.99999

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99997

0.99996
0.99994
0.99993
0.99991
0.99988

0.99985
0.99982
0.99977
0.99972
0.99966

0.99959
0.99950
0.99940
0.99928
0.99915

0.99899
0.99881
0.99860
0.99836
0.99809

3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20

4.30
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70

4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
5.20

5.30
5.40
5.50
5.60
5.70

5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20

14

3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70

x=
m

0.99964
0.99957
0.99949
0.99939
0.99928

0.99987
0.99984
0.99980
0.99976
0.99970

0.99996
0.99995
0.99993
0.99991
0.99989

0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997
0.99997

0.99999
0.99999

15

0.99988
0.99986
0.99983
0.99979
0.99975

0.99996
0.99995
0.99994
0.99992
0.99990

0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997
0.99997

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

16

0.99996
0.99995
0.99994
0.99993
0.99991

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

17

19

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

All 1.00000

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

18

20

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !
21

22

23

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

24

25

5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20

5.30
5.40
5.50
5.60
5.70

4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
5.20

4.30
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70

3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20

3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70

=x
m

14

0.99778
0.99744
0.99704
0.99661
0.99611

0.99557
0.99496
0.99428
0.99227
0.98974

0.98659
0.98274
0.97810
0.97257
0.96608

0.95853
0.94986
0.94001
0.92891
0.91654

0.90287
0.88789
0.87160
0.85404
0.83524

0.81526
0.79416
0.77202
0.74895
0.72503

x=
m

6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70

6.80
6.90
7.00
7.25
7.50

7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75

9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00

10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25

11.50
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50

0.87829
0.86194
0.84442
0.82576
0.80603

0.94203
0.93167
0.92013
0.90740
0.89345

0.97796
0.97269
0.96653
0.95941
0.95126

0.99379
0.99177
0.98925
0.98617
0.98243

0.99818
0.99791
0.99759
0.99664
0.99539

0.99916
0.99901
0.99884
0.99865
0.99843

15

0.92360
0.91172
0.89871
0.88457
0.86931

0.96712
0.96039
0.95273
0.94408
0.93438

0.98889
0.98588
0.98227
0.97799
0.97296

0.99728
0.99628
0.99500
0.99339
0.99137

0.99930
0.99918
0.99904
0.99862
0.99804

0.99970
0.99964
0.99957
0.99949
0.99940

16

0.95425
0.94612
0.93703
0.92695
0.91584

0.98224
0.97814
0.97335
0.96781
0.96146

0.99468
0.99306
0.99107
0.98864
0.98572

0.99887
0.99841
0.99779
0.99700
0.99597

0.99974
0.99969
0.99964
0.99946
0.99921

0.99990
0.99987
0.99985
0.99982
0.99978

17

0.97383
0.96858
0.96258
0.95579
0.94815

0.99085
0.98849
0.98566
0.98231
0.97839

0.99757
0.99675
0.99572
0.99442
0.99281

0.99955
0.99935
0.99907
0.99870
0.99821

0.99991
0.99989
0.99987
0.99980
0.99970

0.99997
0.99996
0.99995
0.99994
0.99993

18

0.98568
0.98247
0.97872
0.97438
0.96941

0.99550
0.99421
0.99263
0.99071
0.98841

0.99894
0.99855
0.99804
0.99738
0.99655

0.99983
0.99975
0.99963
0.99947
0.99924

0.99997
0.99996
0.99996
0.99993
0.99989

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99998

19

20

0.99250
0.99063
0.98840
0.98577
0.98269

0.99788
0.99721
0.99637
0.99533
0.99405

0.99956
0.99938
0.99914
0.99882
0.99841

0.99994
0.99991
0.99986
0.99979
0.99969

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99996

0.99999
0.99999

21

0.99623
0.99519
0.99393
0.99242
0.99060

0.99905
0.99871
0.99829
0.99775
0.99707

0.99983
0.99975
0.99964
0.99949
0.99930

0.99998
0.99997
0.99995
0.99992
0.99988

0.99999
0.99999

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !
23

0.99818
0.99763
0.99695
0.99612
0.99509

0.99959
0.99943
0.99922
0.99896
0.99861

0.99993
0.99990
0.99985
0.99979
0.99970

0.99915
0.99888
0.99853
0.99809
0.99754

0.99983
0.99976
0.99966
0.99954
0.99937

0.99998
0.99996
0.99994
0.99992
0.99988

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

24

0.99962
0.99949
0.99931
0.99909
0.99881

0.99993
0.99990
0.99986
0.99980
0.99972

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99995

0.99999

All 1.00000

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99996

22

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.99984
0.99977
0.99969
0.99958
0.99944

0.99997
0.99996
0.99994
0.99992
0.99988

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

25

11.50
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50

10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25

9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00

7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75

6.80
6.90
7.00
7.25
7.50

6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70

=x
m

181

182

14

0.70039
0.67513
0.64938
0.62327
0.59691

0.57044
0.54396
0.51760
0.49146
0.46565

0.41541
0.36753
0.32254
0.28083
0.24264

0.20808
0.17714
0.14975
0.12573
0.10486

0.08690
0.07157
0.05860
0.04769
0.03860

0.03107
0.02488
0.01983
0.01572
0.01240

x=
m

12.75
13.00
13.25
13.50
13.75

14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

0.05200
0.04241
0.03440
0.02776
0.02229

0.13227
0.11107
0.09269
0.07689
0.06341

0.28665
0.24903
0.21479
0.18398
0.15651

0.51701
0.46674
0.41802
0.37145
0.32754

0.66936
0.64443
0.61916
0.59368
0.56809

0.78529
0.76361
0.74108
0.71779
0.69385

15

0.08208
0.06814
0.05626
0.04620
0.03775

0.19040
0.16292
0.13852
0.11704
0.09830

0.37505
0.33214
0.29203
0.25497
0.22107

0.61544
0.56596
0.51648
0.46774
0.42040

0.75592
0.73391
0.71121
0.68791
0.66412

0.85294
0.83549
0.81701
0.79755
0.77716

16

0.12277
0.10372
0.08713
0.07278
0.06048

0.26050
0.22696
0.19647
0.16900
0.14447

0.46865
0.42259
0.37836
0.33639
0.29703

0.70518
0.65934
0.61205
0.56402
0.51600

0.82720
0.80891
0.78972
0.76968
0.74886

0.90368
0.89046
0.87619
0.86088
0.84454

17

0.17477
0.15017
0.12828
0.10896
0.09204

0.34034
0.30168
0.26568
0.23250
0.20219

0.56224
0.51555
0.46948
0.42461
0.38142

0.78246
0.74235
0.69965
0.65496
0.60893

0.88264
0.86829
0.85296
0.83668
0.81947

0.93962
0.93017
0.91976
0.90838
0.89601

18

0.23771
0.20761
0.18026
0.15561
0.13357

0.42648
0.38426
0.34401
0.30603
0.27054

0.65092
0.60607
0.56061
0.51514
0.47026

0.84551
0.81225
0.77572
0.73632
0.69453

0.92350
0.91282
0.90122
0.88869
0.87522

0.96374
0.95733
0.95014
0.94213
0.93326

19

20

0.31010
0.27512
0.24264
0.21276
0.18549

0.51477
0.47097
0.42821
0.38691
0.34744

0.73072
0.68979
0.64717
0.60342
0.55909

0.89437
0.86817
0.83848
0.80548
0.76943

0.95209
0.94455
0.93622
0.92705
0.91703

0.97911
0.97499
0.97027
0.96491
0.95886

21

0.38938
0.35065
0.31393
0.27943
0.24730

0.60095
0.55769
0.51442
0.47164
0.42983

0.79912
0.76355
0.72550
0.68538
0.64370

0.93043
0.91077
0.88780
0.86147
0.83185

0.97116
0.96608
0.96038
0.95399
0.94689

0.98845
0.98592
0.98297
0.97955
0.97563

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.47227
0.43134
0.39170
0.35367
0.31753

0.68127
0.64046
0.59866
0.55638
0.51409

0.85509
0.82558
0.79314
0.75804
0.72061

0.95584
0.94176
0.92478
0.90473
0.88150

0.98329
0.98003
0.97630
0.97206
0.96726

0.99386
0.99238
0.99062
0.98854
0.98611

22

0.55515
0.51378
0.47285
0.43276
0.39388

0.75285
0.71603
0.67741
0.63742
0.59652

0.89889
0.87547
0.84902
0.81963
0.78749

0.97296
0.96331
0.95131
0.93670
0.91928

0.99067
0.98867
0.98634
0.98364
0.98054

0.99686
0.99603
0.99502
0.99382
0.99238

23

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.63458
0.59451
0.55400
0.51350
0.47340

0.81399
0.78216
0.74796
0.71172
0.67379

0.93174
0.91392
0.89325
0.86968
0.84323

0.98402
0.97768
0.96955
0.95935
0.94682

0.99498
0.99380
0.99241
0.99076
0.98884

0.99845
0.99801
0.99746
0.99678
0.99597

24

0.70766
0.67039
0.63191
0.59262
0.55292

0.86413
0.83770
0.80863
0.77710
0.74334

0.95539
0.94238
0.92687
0.90872
0.88782

0.99087
0.98688
0.98159
0.97476
0.96611

0.99739
0.99673
0.99592
0.99496
0.99382

0.99926
0.99903
0.99875
0.99838
0.99794

25

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00

12.75
13.00
13.25
13.50
13.75

=x
m

0.99999

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99995

0.99993
0.99990
0.99987
0.99982
0.99975

0.99966
0.99955
0.99940
0.99922
0.99898

0.99869
0.99833
0.99789
0.99734
0.99669

0.99496
0.99254
0.98923
0.98483
0.97908

10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25

11.50
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50

12.75
13.00
13.25
13.50
13.75

14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

26

9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00

x=
m

0.99731
0.99589
0.99390
0.99117
0.98750

0.99936
0.99918
0.99894
0.99865
0.99828

0.99985
0.99980
0.99972
0.99963
0.99951

0.99997
0.99996
0.99994
0.99992
0.99989

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

27

0.99861
0.99781
0.99665
0.99502
0.99275

0.99970
0.99961
0.99948
0.99933
0.99914

0.99994
0.99991
0.99988
0.99983
0.99978

0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997
0.99995

0.99999

28

30

0.99930
0.99887
0.99822
0.99727
0.99593

0.99986
0.99982
0.99976
0.99968
0.99958

0.99997
0.99996
0.99995
0.99993
0.99990

0.99966
0.99943
0.99908
0.99855
0.99778

0.99994
0.99992
0.99989
0.99985
0.99980

0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997
0.99996

0.99999
0.99999

31

0.99984
0.99972
0.99954
0.99925
0.99882

0.99997
0.99996
0.99995
0.99993
0.99991

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

All 1.00000

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

29

32

0.99993
0.99987
0.99978
0.99963
0.99939

0.99999
0.99998
0.99998
0.99997
0.99996

0.99999
0.99999

33

0.99997
0.99994
0.99989
0.99982
0.99970

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.99999
0.99997
0.99995
0.99991
0.99985

0.99999
0.99999

34

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99996
0.99993

35

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.99999
0.99998
0.99997

36

0.99999
0.99999

37

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00

12.75
13.00
13.25
13.50
13.75

11.50
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50

10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25

9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00

=x
m

183

184

26

0.97177
0.96263
0.95144
0.93800
0.92211

0.90366
0.88257
0.85880
0.83242
0.80353

0.77230
0.73897
0.70382
0.66717
0.62939

x=
m

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

0.82737
0.79866
0.76774
0.73483
0.70019

0.93368
0.91746
0.89875
0.87750
0.85368

0.98268
0.97650
0.96873
0.95914
0.94752

27

0.87260
0.84876
0.82253
0.79402
0.76340

0.95565
0.94363
0.92943
0.91291
0.89399

0.98970
0.98567
0.98046
0.97387
0.96567

28

0.90848
0.88936
0.86788
0.84403
0.81790

0.97119
0.96258
0.95217
0.93978
0.92526

0.99406
0.99152
0.98815
0.98377
0.97818

29

0.93598
0.92117
0.90415
0.88487
0.86331

0.98180
0.97585
0.96847
0.95949
0.94871

0.99667
0.99512
0.99302
0.99021
0.98653

30

0.95639
0.94527
0.93224
0.91715
0.89993

0.98882
0.98483
0.97978
0.97347
0.96573

0.99819
0.99728
0.99600
0.99425
0.99191

31

32

0.97106
0.96298
0.95330
0.94187
0.92854

0.99332
0.99073
0.98737
0.98308
0.97770

0.99904
0.99852
0.99777
0.99672
0.99527

33

0.98128
0.97559
0.96862
0.96021
0.95022

0.99611
0.99448
0.99232
0.98949
0.98586

0.99951
0.99922
0.99879
0.99818
0.99731

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.98819
0.98430
0.97943
0.97343
0.96616

0.99780
0.99680
0.99545
0.99364
0.99126

0.99975
0.99960
0.99936
0.99902
0.99851

34

0.99274
0.99015
0.98684
0.98269
0.97754

0.99878
0.99819
0.99737
0.99624
0.99473

0.99988
0.99980
0.99967
0.99948
0.99920

35

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.99564
0.99397
0.99179
0.98899
0.98545

0.99934
0.99900
0.99852
0.99784
0.99690

0.99994
0.99990
0.99984
0.99973
0.99958

36

0.99745
0.99640
0.99499
0.99316
0.99079

0.99966
0.99946
0.99919
0.99879
0.99822

0.99997
0.99995
0.99992
0.99987
0.99978

37

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

=x
m

0.99999

0.99999
0.99998
0.99996
0.99993
0.99989

0.99982
0.99972
0.99956
0.99933
0.99900

0.99854
0.99790
0.99702
0.99585
0.99430

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

38

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

x=
m

0.99918
0.99880
0.99827
0.99754
0.99656

0.99991
0.99986
0.99977
0.99964
0.99945

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99995

39

0.99955
0.99933
0.99901
0.99857
0.99796

0.99996
0.99993
0.99988
0.99981
0.99971

0.99999
0.99999
0.99997

40

0.99976
0.99963
0.99945
0.99919
0.99882

0.99998
0.99996
0.99994
0.99990
0.99985

0.99999
0.99999

41

43

0.99988
0.99981
0.99970
0.99955
0.99933

0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99995
0.99992
0.99994
0.99990
0.99984
0.99976
0.99963

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99996

44

0.99997
0.99995
0.99992
0.99987
0.99980

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998

All 1.00000

0.99999

42

45

0.99998
0.99997
0.99996
0.99993
0.99989

0.99999
0.99999

e -m mt
P ( X x) =
.
t =0 t !

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997
0.99994

46

0.99999
0.99999
0.99998
0.99997

47

Probabilities for the Poisson distribution

0.99999
0.99999
0.99999

48

0.99999

49

23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50

18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00

15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50

=x
m

185

186

0.9801
0.9999

0
1

0
1
2

0
1
2
3

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4
5

0
1
2
3
4
5
6

2
2

3
3
3

4
4
4
4

5
5
5
5
5

6
6
6
6
6
6

7
7
7
7
7
7
7

0.9321
0.9980
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.9415
0.9985
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.9510
0.9990
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.9606
0.9994
1.0000
1.0000

0.9703
0.9997
1.0000

0.01

p=
n
x

0.6983
0.9556
0.9962
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.7351
0.9672
0.9978
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000

0.7738
0.9774
0.9988
1.0000
1.0000

0.8145
0.9860
0.9995
1.0000

0.8574
0.9928
0.9999

0.9025
0.9975

0.05

0.4783
0.8503
0.9743
0.9973
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000

0.5314
0.8857
0.9842
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000

0.5905
0.9185
0.9914
0.9995
1.0000

0.6561
0.9477
0.9963
0.9999

0.7290
0.9720
0.9990

0.8100
0.9900

0.1

0.2097
0.5767
0.8520
0.9667
0.9953
0.9996
1.0000

0.2621
0.6554
0.9011
0.9830
0.9984
0.9999

0.3277
0.7373
0.9421
0.9933
0.9997

0.4096
0.8192
0.9728
0.9984

0.5120
0.8960
0.9920

0.6400
0.9600

0.2

0.1335
0.4449
0.7564
0.9294
0.9871
0.9987
0.9999

0.1780
0.5339
0.8306
0.9624
0.9954
0.9998

0.2373
0.6328
0.8965
0.9844
0.9990

0.3164
0.7383
0.9492
0.9961

0.4219
0.8438
0.9844

0.5625
0.9375

0.25

0.0824
0.3294
0.6471
0.8740
0.9712
0.9962
0.9998

0.1176
0.4202
0.7443
0.9295
0.9891
0.9993

0.1681
0.5282
0.8369
0.9692
0.9976

0.2401
0.6517
0.9163
0.9919

0.3430
0.7840
0.9730

0.4900
0.9100

0.3

0.0280
0.1586
0.4199
0.7102
0.9037
0.9812
0.9984

0.0467
0.2333
0.5443
0.8208
0.9590
0.9959

0.0778
0.3370
0.6826
0.9130
0.9898

0.1296
0.4752
0.8208
0.9744

0.2160
0.6480
0.9360

0.3600
0.8400

0.4

0.0078
0.0625
0.2266
0.5000
0.7734
0.9375
0.9922

0.0156
0.1094
0.3438
0.6563
0.8906
0.9844

0.0313
0.1875
0.5000
0.8125
0.9688

0.0625
0.3125
0.6875
0.9375

0.1250
0.5000
0.8750

0.2500
0.7500

0.5

0.0016
0.0188
0.0963
0.2898
0.5801
0.8414
0.9720

0.0041
0.0410
0.1792
0.4557
0.7667
0.9533

0.0102
0.0870
0.3174
0.6630
0.9222

0.0256
0.1792
0.5248
0.8704

0.0640
0.3520
0.7840

0.1600
0.6400

0.6

0.0002
0.0038
0.0288
0.1260
0.3529
0.6706
0.9176

0.0007
0.0109
0.0705
0.2557
0.5798
0.8824

0.0024
0.0308
0.1631
0.4718
0.8319

0.0081
0.0837
0.3483
0.7599

0.0270
0.2160
0.6570

0.0900
0.5100

0.7

n
The function tabulated is P( X x) = pt q n -t .
t =0 t

0.0001
0.0013
0.0129
0.0706
0.2436
0.5551
0.8665

0.0002
0.0046
0.0376
0.1694
0.4661
0.8220

0.0010
0.0156
0.1035
0.3672
0.7627

0.0039
0.0508
0.2617
0.6836

0.0156
0.1563
0.5781

0.0625
0.4375

0.75

Probabilities for the Binomial distribution

0.0000
0.0004
0.0047
0.0333
0.1480
0.4233
0.7903

0.0001
0.0016
0.0170
0.0989
0.3446
0.7379

0.0003
0.0067
0.0579
0.2627
0.6723

0.0016
0.0272
0.1808
0.5904

0.0080
0.1040
0.4880

0.0400
0.3600

0.8

0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0027
0.0257
0.1497
0.5217

0.0000
0.0001
0.0013
0.0159
0.1143
0.4686

0.0000
0.0005
0.0086
0.0815
0.4095

0.0001
0.0037
0.0523
0.3439

0.0010
0.0280
0.2710

0.0100
0.1900

0.9

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0038
0.0444
0.3017

0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0022
0.0328
0.2649

0.0000
0.0000
0.0012
0.0226
0.2262

0.0000
0.0005
0.0140
0.1855

0.0001
0.0073
0.1426

0.0025
0.0975

0.95

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0020
0.0679

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0015
0.0585

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0490

0.0000
0.0000
0.0006
0.0394

0.0000
0.0003
0.0297

0.0001
0.0199

0.99

0.9227
0.9973
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

0.9044
0.9957
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.9135
0.9966
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.01

p=
n
x

0.5987
0.9139
0.9885
0.9990
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.6302
0.9288
0.9916
0.9994
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.6634
0.9428
0.9942
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.05

0.3487
0.7361
0.9298
0.9872
0.9984
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.3874
0.7748
0.9470
0.9917
0.9991
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.4305
0.8131
0.9619
0.9950
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.1

0.1074
0.3758
0.6778
0.8791
0.9672
0.9936
0.9991
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000

0.1342
0.4362
0.7382
0.9144
0.9804
0.9969
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000

0.1678
0.5033
0.7969
0.9437
0.9896
0.9988
0.9999
1.0000

0.2

0.0563
0.2440
0.5256
0.7759
0.9219
0.9803
0.9965
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000

0.0751
0.3003
0.6007
0.8343
0.9511
0.9900
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000

0.1001
0.3671
0.6785
0.8862
0.9727
0.9958
0.9996
1.0000

0.25

0.0282
0.1493
0.3828
0.6496
0.8497
0.9527
0.9894
0.9984
0.9999
1.0000

0.0404
0.1960
0.4628
0.7297
0.9012
0.9747
0.9957
0.9996
1.0000

0.0576
0.2553
0.5518
0.8059
0.9420
0.9887
0.9987
0.9999

0.3

0.0060
0.0464
0.1673
0.3823
0.6331
0.8338
0.9452
0.9877
0.9983
0.9999

0.0101
0.0705
0.2318
0.4826
0.7334
0.9006
0.9750
0.9962
0.9997

0.0168
0.1064
0.3154
0.5941
0.8263
0.9502
0.9915
0.9993

0.4

0.0010
0.0107
0.0547
0.1719
0.3770
0.6230
0.8281
0.9453
0.9893
0.9990

0.0020
0.0195
0.0898
0.2539
0.5000
0.7461
0.9102
0.9805
0.9980

0.0039
0.0352
0.1445
0.3633
0.6367
0.8555
0.9648
0.9961

0.5

0.0001
0.0017
0.0123
0.0548
0.1662
0.3669
0.6177
0.8327
0.9536
0.9940

0.0003
0.0038
0.0250
0.0994
0.2666
0.5174
0.7682
0.9295
0.9899

0.0007
0.0085
0.0498
0.1737
0.4059
0.6846
0.8936
0.9832

0.6

0.0000
0.0001
0.0016
0.0106
0.0473
0.1503
0.3504
0.6172
0.8507
0.9718

0.0000
0.0004
0.0043
0.0253
0.0988
0.2703
0.5372
0.8040
0.9596

0.0001
0.0013
0.0113
0.0580
0.1941
0.4482
0.7447
0.9424

0.7

n
The function tabulated is P( X x) = pt q n -t .
t =0 t

0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0035
0.0197
0.0781
0.2241
0.4744
0.7560
0.9437

0.0000
0.0001
0.0013
0.0100
0.0489
0.1657
0.3993
0.6997
0.9249

0.0000
0.0004
0.0042
0.0273
0.1138
0.3215
0.6329
0.8999

0.75

Probabilities for the Binomial distribution

0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0009
0.0064
0.0328
0.1209
0.3222
0.6242
0.8926

0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0031
0.0196
0.0856
0.2618
0.5638
0.8658

0.0000
0.0001
0.0012
0.0104
0.0563
0.2031
0.4967
0.8322

0.8

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0016
0.0128
0.0702
0.2639
0.6513

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0009
0.0083
0.0530
0.2252
0.6126

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0050
0.0381
0.1869
0.5695

0.9

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0010
0.0115
0.0861
0.4013

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0006
0.0084
0.0712
0.3698

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0058
0.0572
0.3366

0.95

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0043
0.0956

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0034
0.0865

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0027
0.0773

0.99

187

188

0.8864
0.9938
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12

20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20

0.8179
0.9831
0.9990
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.01

p=
n
x

0.3585
0.7358
0.9245
0.9841
0.9974
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.5404
0.8816
0.9804
0.9978
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.05

0.1216
0.3917
0.6769
0.8670
0.9568
0.9887
0.9976
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.2824
0.6590
0.8891
0.9744
0.9957
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.1

0.0115
0.0692
0.2061
0.4114
0.6296
0.8042
0.9133
0.9679
0.9900
0.9974
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.0687
0.2749
0.5583
0.7946
0.9274
0.9806
0.9961
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.2

0.0032
0.0243
0.0913
0.2252
0.4148
0.6172
0.7858
0.8982
0.9591
0.9861
0.9961
0.9991
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.0317
0.1584
0.3907
0.6488
0.8424
0.9456
0.9857
0.9972
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.25

0.0008
0.0076
0.0355
0.1071
0.2375
0.4164
0.6080
0.7723
0.8867
0.9520
0.9829
0.9949
0.9987
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.0138
0.0850
0.2528
0.4925
0.7237
0.8822
0.9614
0.9905
0.9983
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000

0.3

0.0000
0.0005
0.0036
0.0160
0.0510
0.1256
0.2500
0.4159
0.5956
0.7553
0.8725
0.9435
0.9790
0.9935
0.9984
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.0022
0.0196
0.0834
0.2253
0.4382
0.6652
0.8418
0.9427
0.9847
0.9972
0.9997
1.0000

0.4

0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0013
0.0059
0.0207
0.0577
0.1316
0.2517
0.4119
0.5881
0.7483
0.8684
0.9423
0.9793
0.9941
0.9987
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000

0.0002
0.0032
0.0193
0.0730
0.1938
0.3872
0.6128
0.8062
0.9270
0.9807
0.9968
0.9998

0.5

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0016
0.0065
0.0210
0.0565
0.1275
0.2447
0.4044
0.5841
0.7500
0.8744
0.9490
0.9840
0.9964
0.9995
1.0000

0.0000
0.0003
0.0028
0.0153
0.0573
0.1582
0.3348
0.5618
0.7747
0.9166
0.9804
0.9978

0.6

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0013
0.0051
0.0171
0.0480
0.1133
0.2277
0.3920
0.5836
0.7625
0.8929
0.9645
0.9924
0.9992

0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0017
0.0095
0.0386
0.1178
0.2763
0.5075
0.7472
0.9150
0.9862

0.7

n
The function tabulated is P( X x) = pt q n -t .
t =0 t

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0009
0.0039
0.0139
0.0409
0.1018
0.2142
0.3828
0.5852
0.7748
0.9087
0.9757
0.9968

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0028
0.0143
0.0544
0.1576
0.3512
0.6093
0.8416
0.9683

0.75

Probabilities for the Binomial distribution

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0006
0.0026
0.0100
0.0321
0.0867
0.1958
0.3704
0.5886
0.7939
0.9308
0.9885

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0006
0.0039
0.0194
0.0726
0.2054
0.4417
0.7251
0.9313

0.8

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0004
0.0024
0.0113
0.0432
0.1330
0.3231
0.6083
0.8784

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0005
0.0043
0.0256
0.1109
0.3410
0.7176

0.9

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0026
0.0159
0.0755
0.2642
0.6415

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0022
0.0196
0.1184
0.4596

0.95

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0169
0.1821

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0062
0.1136

0.99

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24

25

1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
3

2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2
2

3
3
3
3
3

2
2
3
3
3

2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1
1

3
3
3
3
3

3
3
3
3
3

2
2
2
2
3

1
1
1
2
2

The table shows the greatest integer x for which

n1

1
1
1
1
1

10
11
12
13
14

5
6
7
8
9

1
2
3
4

4
4
4
4
4

3
3
4
4
4

2
3
3
3
3

4
4
4
5
5

4
4
4
4
4

3
3
3
3
3

1
2
2
2
2

1
1

1
1
1
2
2
2
2

10

5
5
5
5
5

4
4
4
4
4

3
3
3
4
4

1
2
2
2
3

1
1

11

t1- 1

n - 1 n2 + 1
t
t =1

4
4
4
4
4

3
3
3
3
3

2
2
3
3
3

1
1
2
2
2

5
5
5
6
6

4
5
5
5
5

3
3
4
4
4

2
2
2
3
3

1
1

13

5
6
6
6
6

5
5
5
5
5

3
4
4
4
4

2
2
2
3
3

1
1

14

6
6
6
6
6

5
5
5
5
6

3
4
4
4
5

2
2
2
3
3

1
1

15

n1 + n2
n < 0.05 .
1

5
5
5
5
5

4
4
4
5
5

3
3
4
4
4

1
2
2
2
3

1
1

12

6
6
6
7
7

5
5
5
6
6

4
4
4
4
5

2
2
3
3
3

1
1

16

6
6
7
7
7

5
5
6
6
6

4
4
4
5
5

2
2
3
3
3

1
1

17

6
7
7
7
7

5
6
6
6
6

4
4
4
5
5

2
2
3
3
3

1
1

18

7
7
7
7
7

5
6
6
6
6

4
4
5
5
5

2
2
3
3
4

1
1

19

Critical values for the Grouping of Signs test

n2

7
7
7
8
8

6
6
6
6
7

4
4
5
5
5

2
2
3
3
4

1
1

20

7
7
8
8
8

6
6
6
7
7

4
4
5
5
5

2
2
3
3
4

1
1

21

7
8
8
8
8

6
6
7
7
7

4
5
5
5
6

2
2
3
3
4

1
1

22

7
8
8
8
8

6
6
7
7
7

4
5
5
5
6

2
3
3
3
4

1
2

23

8
8
8
8
9

6
7
7
7
7

4
5
5
6
6

2
3
3
4
4

1
2

24

8
8
8
9
9

6
7
7
7
8

4
5
5
6
6

2
3
3
4
4

1
2

25

189

Pseudorandom values from U(0,1)

1

10

0.587
0.030
0.048
0.593
0.165

0.155
0.447
0.224
0.478
0.113

0.999
0.048
0.359
0.929
0.695

0.122
0.201
0.463
0.301
0.513

0.659
0.931
0.710
0.688
0.711

0.975
0.071
0.861
0.750
0.402

0.059
0.033
0.972
0.211
0.121

0.567
0.388
0.543
0.911
0.843

0.651
0.849
0.550
0.479
0.951

0.686
0.033
0.248
0.046
0.229

0.788
0.714
0.265
0.712
0.630

0.493
0.980
0.320
0.524
0.933

0.329
0.946
0.065
0.747
0.863

0.160
0.530
0.573
0.136
0.802

0.708
0.973
0.708
0.004
0.642

0.309
0.440
0.682
0.165
0.625

0.878
0.728
0.014
0.070
0.244

0.650
0.652
0.128
0.431
0.961

0.279
0.303
0.113
0.201
0.458

0.617
0.398
0.938
0.965
0.127

0.569
0.766
0.638
0.984
0.721

0.813
0.449
0.335
0.575
0.857

0.341
0.026
0.466
0.300
0.303

0.055
0.276
0.808
0.836
0.076

0.483
0.977
0.907
0.276
0.124

0.756
0.410
0.162
0.638
0.688

0.186
0.102
0.355
0.674
0.455

0.273
0.695
0.333
0.625
0.536

0.443
0.487
0.529
0.885
0.842

0.618
0.640
0.390
0.451
0.533

0.028
0.726
0.218
0.792
0.656

0.271
0.399
0.240
0.704
0.285

0.245
0.474
0.036
0.959
0.886

0.290
0.221
0.206
0.615
0.954

0.534
0.898
0.582
0.440
0.846

0.924
0.838
0.203
0.311
0.595

0.093
0.723
0.676
0.994
0.215

0.724
0.139
0.371
0.785
0.484

0.651
0.219
0.791
0.041
0.158

0.422
0.711
0.069
0.737
0.435

Pseudorandom values from N(0,1)

1

10

0.603
1.469
2.199
1.863
0.076

0.825
0.282
0.169
1.302
0.373

1.166
1.250
0.278
0.260
0.448

1.880
1.176
0.580
1.023
0.998

1.261
0.064
0.875
0.114
0.149

2.542
0.860
0.373
0.904
1.987

0.312
1.505
0.132
0.500
0.405

0.611
0.828
0.153
0.255
0.324

0.286
0.965
1.322
0.283
0.112

0.223
0.166
2.340
0.291
1.367

0.667
0.495
0.161
1.105
0.800

0.589
1.693
0.990
0.851
0.867

0.080
0.647
1.348
1.012
0.229

1.007
0.172
2.047
0.891
0.534

1.548
1.143
0.167
0.256
0.602

1.204
1.519
0.599
0.297
1.685

1.886
2.557
0.530
1.267
1.210

0.080
1.351
1.244
0.053
0.986

0.341
0.466
0.278
1.776
0.979

0.808
0.494
0.627
1.392
0.810

0.738
0.489
0.170
1.301
0.059

0.765
0.250
1.623
0.901
1.489

2.068
0.917
0.442
0.810
0.235

0.660
2.549
0.253
0.244
0.230

2.704
1.879
0.786
0.524
1.262

0.161
0.156
0.468
0.622
0.751

0.790
1.451
0.435
0.785
0.377

0.284
0.158
1.544
0.949
0.631

1.041
2.252
1.014
0.923
0.520

0.852
0.309
1.187
0.510
1.508

0.599
0.329
0.229
0.987
0.805

0.196
1.008
0.446
0.214
0.359

1.785
0.834
0.086
0.925
1.179

0.899
1.079
0.024
0.656
0.324

1.347
0.101
0.555
1.991
0.208

0.227
0.322
0.360
1.030
0.632

1.027
0.315
0.111
0.961
1.170

0.704
0.254
0.589
0.078
0.432

1.943
0.711
0.325
1.023
0.716

0.902
0.285
0.056
0.070
1.801

190