DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Heat Pump
Power Input, Heat Output and C.O.P

Name: SHIYAS BASHEER

Course: DT022/2

Student No: D10119909

Date: 01/03/2012

Group: A

Table of Contents
Objective: ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
Apparatus: ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Schematic: ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Procedure:..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Results (Experimental): ................................................................................................................................. 3
Sample Calculation and Formulae used:....................................................................................................... 3
Spreadsheet results: ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Plots: ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Conclusion: .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Comment and Discussion:............................................................................................................................. 6

Heat Pump
Objective: to determine the power input, heat output and coefficient of performance of an air
to water heat pump.

Apparatus: a Hilton air and water heat pump test stand was used. The unit had two
evaporators and a change over switch that allows one or the other to be selected. One evaporator
takes heat from ambient air while the other takes heat from flowing water. In this test the air flow
evaporator was used. The main components of this device are: An electrically powered
refrigerant compressor which displays its power consumption on a meter, an expansion valve
which causes a pressure drop vaporising some of the refrigerant, a condenser which allows heat
transfer to the water to be heated, an evaporator which converts the fluid into vapour, three
temperature sensors at the compressor water inlet and outlet, and the condenser water outlet
displayed on a temperature indicator, and R134a refrigerant fluid.

Schematic:

Procedure: The water supply to the switch and the main switch were turned on. The air
evaporator was selected by pressing the evaporator change over switch down. The condenser
gauge pressure was set to a desired value between 700 and 1100 kN/m2 by adjusting the
condenser cooling water flow rate. Time was allowed for all the system parameters to reach a
stable condition. The test readings were taken. The process was then repeated with the condenser
gauge pressure being changed each time until 5 reading had been achieved.

Results (Experimental):
1
Ambient air
temperature

ta/C

20

20

20

20

20

Compressor
electrical power input W/Watts

480

500

520

560

600

Compressor
water inlet temp.

t5/C

18.4

18.5

18.4

18.5

18.5

Compressor
water outlet temp.

t6/C

18.6

18.6

18.8

19

19.3

Condenser
water outlet temp.

t7/C

33.6

37.5

42.8

50.1

61.3

Condenser
water mass flow rate

mc/gs-1

25

20

16

12

Sample Calculation and Formulae used:

g
mw 25
s
J
Cw 4.18
g K

T6 (18.6 273)K
T5 (18.4 273)K

Finding energy flow rate of the system

Qcnd mw Cw T6 T5

Where
Q=rate of heat transfer W
m = mass flow rate kg/s
Cw=Specific heat of water J/kgK
T=Conventional temperature 0C
Qcnd 20.9W
T7 (33.6 273)K

QH mw Cw T7 T6
3

QH 1.567 10 W

Win 480W

Finding Coefficient of Performance

COP

QH
W in

COP 3.266

Spreadsheet results:
1
Compressor
waste heat rate

Qcmp/W

Total heat rate

delivered

QH/W

21.40

8.56

27.39

25.68

27.39

1567.50

1580.04

1605.12

1559.98

1404.48

3.266

3.160

3.087

2.786

2.341

COP

Plots:

Qh(W), Win(W) & COP

QH, WIn, COP vs T7

1800.00

3.500

1600.00

3.000

1400.00

2.500

1200.00
1000.00

2.000

800.00

1.500

Qh

600.00

1.000

400.00

Win
COP

0.500

200.00
0.00

0.000
30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

T7 (0C)

QH, WIn, COP, T7 vs w

Qh(W), Win(W), COP and T7(0c)

1800.00

70

1600.00

60

1400.00
50

1200.00
1000.00

40

Qh

800.00

30

Win

600.00

20

COP
T7

400.00
10

200.00
0.00

0
5

10

15

20

25

30

w(gs-1)

Conclusion: It can be seen that from the first graph, as the power used by compressor is
increased, the energy flow rate decreases, this causes a decrease in the Coefficient of
performance and as flow rate decreases and power input increases the COP also decreases. It can
be seen from the second graph that the lower the mass flow rate of water, the higher the
temperature of the water leaving the compressor as lower flow rate gives the water more time to
be heated. It can also be seen that the energy flow rate out of the system increases with the mass
flow rate of the water.

As T7 decreases, the mass flow rate increases to give a greater energy flow rate from the system.
This combined with a lower compressor power usage gives a higher COP at higher flow rates.

Comment and Discussion: COP or coefficient of performance is a measure of the

efficiency of a heat pump. The heat pump used in the experiment had a COP greater than 1
which is 3.26 and that means at this condition, 3.26 kJ of heat energy could be extracted from the
system with the input of 1kJ of work. Efficiency can never be greater than 1% but here COP is
above 1 because COP is not a percentage its just a coefficient so by definition it should be
greater than 1.