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MEASUREMENT OF BODY TEMPERATURE AND HEART RATE The aim of the project is to measure the temperature of the body

and the heart rate. This is done by using a temperature sensor (LM 35), infrared sensors for measuring pulse rate and 8051 micro controller. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

1)measurement of temperature The temperature sensor used in the project is LM35. The LM 35 IC generates a 10mV variation to its output voltage for every degree Celsius change in temperature. The Output of the temperature sensor is analog in nature so we need an analog to digital convertor for converting the analog input to its equivalent binary output. The ADC 0804 is the analog to digital convertor IC used in the project. 0804 is a single channel convertor which converts the analog input up to a range of 5V to an equivalent 8-bit binary output.

a)LM35

LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air. The operating temperature range is from -55C to 150C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its scale factor is 0.01V/ oC. Pin Description:

Pin No 1 2 3

Function Supply voltage; 5V (+35V to -2V) Output voltage (+6V to -1V) Ground (0V)

Name Vcc Output Ground

b)ADC0804 The ADC0804 family are cmos 8bit.succesive approximation/d convertors which use modified potentiometric ladder and are designed to operate with the 0808A control bus via three-state outputs. These converters appear to the processor as memory locations or I/O ports, and hence no interfacing logic is required. The differential analog voltage input has good common mode rejection and permits offsetting the analog zero-input voltage value. In addition, the voltage reference input can be adjusted to allow encoding any smaller analog voltage span to the full 8 bits of resolution. The step size for ADC is defined by the voltage applied at the Vref/2 pin of the ADC IC. For example, if the voltage at Vref/2 pin is set to 1.28V then ADC has a step size of 10 mV. So if the input voltage is 1V the equivalent binary output of ADC will be 100 or 0110 0100 in binary. The 8 bit binary output of the ADC is incremented by one for every 10 mV rise of input voltage. Different step size can be selected by changing the voltage input to the Vref/2 pin. The step size of the ADC is calibrated using a preset to match the actual temperature. Once the ADC is calibrated it will give the correct output further. The binary output of ADC is fed parallel to a port of the microcontroller .The microcontroller reads the input through ADC and displays the corresponding decimal value on LCD indicating the temperature.

PIN DIAGRAM

SCHEMATIC APPLICATION OF ADC

2) measuring heart pulse

The device consists of an infrared transmitter LED and an infrared sensor photo-transistor. The transmitter-sensor pair is clipped on one of the fingers of the subject . The LED emits infrared light to the finger of the subject. The photo-transistor detects this light beam and measures the change of blood volume through the finger artery. This signal, which is in the form of pulses is then amplified and filtered suitably and is fed to a 8051 microcontroller for analysis and display The microcontroller counts the number of pulses over a fixed time interval and thus obtains the heart rate of the subject. Several such readings are obtained over a known period of time and the results are averaged to give a more accurate reading of the heart rate. The calculated heart rate is displayed on an LCD in beats-per-minute in the following format: Rate = nnn bpm Where nnn is an integer between 1 to 999.

Where . nnn

Where

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