Reading Assignment November 10, 2011 Mary Rose Ms.

Anita Mabao

in B.

Bio

33 Bagongon

1.) What is Botany? Botany is the study of plants---from the Greek words botanikos (botanical), botane (plant or herb), and boskein (to feed), and the French word botanique (botanical) appears to have had its origins with Stone Age peoples who tried to modify their surroundings and feed themselves. 2.) What is plant morphology? Plant morphology is the study of plants form and structure. It was developed during the 19th century. 3.) What is plant anatomy? Plant anatomy is mainly concerned with the internal structure of plants. Early plant anatomists of note included Marcello Malpighi (16281694) of Italy, who discovered various tissues in stems and roots, and Nehemiah Grew (16281711) of England, who described the structure of wood more precisely than any of his predecessors. Plant anatomy is used to help us find clues to the past, as well as for many practical purposes. Example is dendrochronology, deals with determining past climates by examining the width and other features of the rings. Plant anatomy is also used to solve crimes. Forensic laboratories may use fragments of plant tissues found on clothing or under fingernails to determine where a crime took place or if certain could have been present were the crime was committed. 4.) What are the different secretions of plants? Secretory tissues (derived from parenchyma) occur in various places in plants; they secrete substances such as nectar, oils, mucilage, latex and resins. Some plant secretions: pine resin, rubber, mint, oil and opium have commercial value. nectar in flowers, oils in citrus, mint in many other leaves, mucilage in the glandular hairs of sundews and other insect-trapping plants, latex in members of several plant families such as pine trees 5.) What are the different plant groups? Bryophyte - a photosynthetic, terrestrial, aquatic, or epiphytic, embryo- producing plant without xylem and phloem (e.g.,mosses, liverworts, hornworts)

 Gymnosperm - a plant whose seeds are not enclosed within an ovary during their development (e.g., pine tree) Angiosperm - a plant whose seeds develop within ovaries that mature into fruits (flowering plants) Vascular Plant - a plant having xylem and phloem Nonvascular Plant a plant having no special vascular tissues for the distribution of water, minerals and photosynthetic products. Gymnosperms are naked seeds (seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit). The seeds are borne on the surface of an appendage, such as the scales of pinecone and thus called naked seeds. They are all woody plants and some are economically and ecologically very important. They can be sources of lumber and raw material for paper. Gymnosperms includes conifers, cycads, ginkgos, gnetae Angiosperms are flowering plants. Flowering plants (angiosperms) have ovules and seeds completely enclosed within carpels; the carpels comprise ovaries that become fruits. There is one phylum of flowering plants (Magnoliophyta); it is divided into two classes (dicots and monocots). Vascular plants or tracheophytes include ferns, palms, woody trees, grasses, orchids and etc. They are the most adapted to existence on land. Their bodies show the highest level of internal specialization in the plant kingdom. They have pipes for the conduction of water, minerals and nutrients. Xylem water and minerals from roots to stem and leaves Phloem carries nutrients anywhere they are needed in the plant Nonvascular plants absorb moisture through the aboveground structures and depend on diffusion for transport. The gametophyte generation is the most conspicuous and dominant part of the life cycle. Nonvascular plants include mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. Vascular plants include ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperm. 6.) The importance of plants Virtually all living organisms are totally dependent on green organism for their existence. Plants produce the oxygen in the air that we breathe. Plants remove the carbon dioxide that we give off. Plants are used as -- condiments: spices -- luxuries: perfumes -- dyes, adhesives, digestible surgical stitching fiber, emulsifiers, food stabilizers and beverages