APPENDIX D

Module no:

Form 4
Chapter 3: Movement of substances across Membrane Student name: the Plasma

Form:

3.1 Movement across plasma membrane

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As a human, we need to fulfil our necessity such as food, drink, clothes and friends. In order to fulfil our necessity, we need to buy the food supply at store. So, we need to go out and back to our home.

This goes same with cell. A living cell needs substances from outside to undergo metabolic processes. At the same time, the metabolic process produce by-product that must be eliminated from the cell.

glucose water oxygen ion Mineral cell

urea

CO2

If we enter the house trough door, the substances in and out the cells otherwise across the plasma membrane.

Short test.
What substances need by cell? ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

The structure of plasma membrane.

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Carrier protein

Pore protein

Phospholipid bilayers

The plasma membranes which surround the cell separate the cell from its surrounding. The plasma membrane consist mainly of : phospholipids proteins

S. Singer and G. Nicolson proposed a fluid mosaic model to describe the plasma membrane. protein membrane dispersed throughout phospholipids bilayer and freely moving throughout the phospholipids.

Now, we will learn about plasma membrane by using cartoon.

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The permeability of the plasma membrane

Which one is the characteristic of the plasma membrane? A membrane can be

Permeable

Semi permeable

Impermeable

The bottle represents the cell and the bottle wall represents the membrane. Here the beads represent the water molecules. The buttons represent the sugar/ glucose molecules. When you shake the bottle, what will come out? Does bead or button come out? Can you explain why this happen? __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

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________

Allow only some substances to pass through

Allow all substances to pass through.

Prevent all molecules from pass through.

The movement of substances across plasma membrane: Passive transport

No energy require Follow concentration gradient (High - low) Facilitated Diffusion diffusion of specific particles along the concentration gradient (High Low) with the help of carrier proteins found in the membrane g glucose

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Diffusion is the movement of molecule from high concentration gradient to low concentration g gradient.

Short test.
Osmosis Movement of water molecule through a selectively permeable membrane from high concentration gradient to low c concentration gradient. What are the three types of substances movement do not need energy? ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Can you explain what concentration gradient in osmosis is?

The movement of substances membrane: Active transport

Transport that requires energy (Adenosine triphosphate: ATP ) Transport of materials AGAINST the concentration gradient

across

plasma

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Direction: Please fill each stage with correct explanation

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Sodium potassium pump

3.2 Movement of substances across plasma membrane in everyday life

The effect to the animal cell Direction: Read the story carefully and answer the questions. The story about a confuse snail.
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I am Larry, the snail. I have a sad story to tell you. This is about my cousin Gary. Gary had passed away a few weeks ago when he visited my auntie which lives in nearby garden. Today, I also want to visit my auntie, so please pray so I will be safe in my journey. Now, I have arrived at a junction. I see there are three passages that I can use to go to my auntie place. Which way shall I choose? Now, I am remembering before Gary died, he leaved to me some letter. This letter might be use to help me to make decision. Dear Larry, when I pass through the freshwater river something wrong happen to my body. I become expand and I feel like water enters into my body. I quickly return to land and rest at the secret pathway for a while. After a while I feel better. Then, I enter the seawater but The letter stops at there without leaving any more clues. What passage I must choose? Poor Gary, when he was found he is very thin. Maybe because he is shrink and this letter has been found under his dead body. Help me to choose the way.

Swim in the fresh water river r Swim in the salty sea

1. Hypotonic Solution: The solution has a lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (lyse)

Hint!
2. Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes

inside the cell. Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size (Dynamic Equilibrium)

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3. Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Water 8 moves out of the cell into the solution: Cell shrink.

Short test. Why each pathway gives different effect to the snail?

What can you relate between the snails stories with what happen to the animal cell in same situation?

Comparison of animal cell (red blood cell) and plant cell in Isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solution Analogy

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Normal -Cell in isotonic solution (0.15 salt solution)

Normal -Cell in hypotonic solution (distilled water)

Take enough amount of water Haemolysis -Cell in hypotonic solution (distilled water) Turgid -Cell in hypotonic solution (0.01 M sucrose solution)

Crenation -Cell in hypertonic solution (0.5 salt solution)

Drink much water

Deplamolysis (Flaccid) -Cell in hypotonic solution (0.06 M sucrose solution)

No enough water water

What is the comparison between red blood cell, plant cell and the analogy condition? Red blood cell Human analogy Plant cell

Effect and application

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Can you give another example that you know related to the concept of isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic?
1 2

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