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MC LC
MC LC.............................................................................................................................................1
LI M U.......................................................................................................................................3
CHNG I............................................................................................................................................4
TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH..............................................................................................4
1.1 M hnh mng.............................................................................................................................4
1.1.1 M hnh mng ngang hng (Peer to Peer)...........................................................................4
1.1.2 M hnh mng khch ch (Client/Server)...........................................................................5
1.2 Giao thc mng...........................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 Giao thc khng c kh nng tm ng............................................................................6
1.2.1.1 NetBIOS........................................................................................................................6
1.2.1.2 NetBEUI.......................................................................................................................6
1.2.2 Giao thc c kh nng tm ng.......................................................................................7
1.2.2.1 IPX/SPX........................................................................................................................7
1.2.2.2 TCP/IP...........................................................................................................................8
1.2.3 Giao thc nh tuyn............................................................................................................8
1.2.3.1 RIP.................................................................................................................................8
1.2.3.2 IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol)..................................................................................9
1.2.3.3 EGP..............................................................................................................................9
1.3 Cc dch v h tng trn mng Internet...................................................................................10
1.3.1 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)...............................................................10
1.3.2 DNS( Domain name system) ...........................................................................................10
1.4 Mt s chun mang WAN........................................................................................................11
1.4.1 ISDN (Intergrated Services Digital Network)\.................................................................11
1.4.2 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode).............................................................................12
1.4.3 SONET(Synchronous Optical Network).........................................................................13
1.4.4 xDSL..................................................................................................................................13
CHNG II........................................................................................................................................15
CNG NGH ADSL VA ADSL 2+.............................................................................................15
2.1 Cng ngh ADSL.....................................................................................................................15
2.1.1 inh nghia..........................................................................................................................15
2.1.2 ng dung cua ADSL........................................................................................................16
2.1.3 C ch hoat ng.............................................................................................................17
2.1.4 u im cua ADSL..........................................................................................................18
2.1.5 Cac thanh phn cua ADSL................................................................................................19
2.1.6 Cac thanh phn cua ADSL v phia ISP............................................................................20
2.1.6.1 .ISP l g? ...................................................................................................................20
2.1.6.2 DSLAM l g?...........................................................................................................20
2.1.6.3. BAS l g?................................................................................................................21
2.1.7 Cu truc cua ADSL..........................................................................................................22
2.1.7.1 Vai tr ca ATM........................................................................................................22
2.1.7.2. Vai tr ca PPP........................................................................................................23
2.1.8. ADSL trong thc t.........................................................................................................23
2.1.8.1. Cc loi modem ADSL thng minh v th ng.....................................................23
2.1.8.2. Mi tng quan gia thoi v ADSL.......................................................................24
2.1.8.3. Thoi v ADSL chung sng ra sao?..........................................................................25
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2.2 Cng ngh ADSL 2+...............................................................................................................26

2.2.1 inh nghia........................................................................................................................26
2.2.2 Cac c tinh ky thut cua ADSL 2+................................................................................27
2.2.3 So sanh gia ADSL va ADSL 2+....................................................................................30
2.2.4 M hinh nha cung cp dich vu ADSL 2+..........................................................................30
2.3 Gii thiu mt s Router co tich hp cng ngh ADSL va ADSL 2+...................................32
2.3.1 ADSL 2/2+ Router ADE-4400........................................................................................32
2.3.2 Vigor2800VG...................................................................................................................33
2.3.3 Dlink ADSL router - 1 RJ45 port + 1USB port - (DSL 522T).......................................33
2.3.4 Draytek V2820.................................................................................................................34
CHNG III.......................................................................................................................................37
TRIN KHAI NG DUNG CNG NGH ADSL CHO DICH VU INTERNET...........................37
3.1 Cac thu tuc va thng tin khi ng ky dich vu ADSL...............................................................37
3.1.1 Th tc ng k thng tin khi ng k dch v ADSL ca Viettel...................................37
3.1.2 Th tc bin ng dch v v thay i thng tin trn Hp ng.....................................38
3.2 Thit k m phng phng Internet............................................................................................39
3.3 Cai t router...........................................................................................................................40
3.3.1 Cai WAN..........................................................................................................................40
3.3.2 Cu hinh security...............................................................................................................44
3.3.2.1 Thit lp c bn...........................................................................................................44
3.3.3 M port router(NAT)..........................................................................................................48
3.3.3.1 Cu hnh NAT ............................................................................................................48
3.3.3.2 Cu hnh DMZ...........................................................................................................49
3.3.3.3 Cu hnh Open port....................................................................................................50
3.3.4 Ci t Client s dng Router truy cp Internet...............................................................52
KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN..........................................................................................54
Sinh vin thc hin ....................................................................................................................55
L Hu Nguyn Hip.......................................................................................................................55
TI LIU THAM KHO...................................................................................................................56

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LI M U
Trong giai on cng nghip ho - hin i ho, nhu cu tm kim v trao i thng
tin lm cho mng Internet ra i. Cc c quan, t chc u nhn thc c tnh u vit
ca x l thng tin qua mng. Kt ni mng khng th thiu cho cc hot ng x hi ni
chung v cng ngh thng tin ni ring.
Mng my tnh c sinh t nhu cu mun chia s v dng chung d liu. My tnh
c nhn l cng c tuyt vi gip to d liu, bng tnh, hnh nh, v nhiu dng thng tin
khc, nhng khng cho php chia s d liu bn to nn. Nu khng c h thng mng,
d liu phi c in ra giy th ngi khc mi c th hiu chnh v s dng c hoc ch
c th sao chp ln a v mang n chp vo my ngi khc. Nu ngi khc thc hin
thay i th khng th hp nht cc thay i . Phng thc lm vic nh vy c gi
l lm vic c lp. Nu ngi lm vic mi trng c lp ni my tnh ca mnh vi
my tnh ca nhiu ngi khc, th ta c th s dng trn cc my tnh khc v c my in.
Mng my tnh c cc t chc s dng ch yu chia s, dng chung ti nguyn v cho
php giao tip trc tuyn bao gm gi v nhn thng ip hay th in t, giao dich bun
bn trn mng, tm kim thng tin trn mng , game.... Nh qun l c th s dng cc
chng trnh tin ch giao tip, truyn thng nhanh chng v hiu qu vi rt nhiu
ngi, cng nh t chc sp xp ton cng ty d dng. Chnh v nhng vai tr rt quan
trng ca mng my tnh vi nhu cu ca cuc sng con ngi, bng nhng kin thc
c hc trng em chn ti Tm hiu cng ngh ADSL v ng dng ADSL
trong thc tin. Nhng do thi gian v kin thc c hn nn bi lm cn hn ch, rt
mong c s gp ca cc thy c gio.
Trong thi gian thc hin n em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c khoa CNTT
H Duy Tn v c bit l thy on Vn Thng tn tnh gip v to iu kin
em hon thnh n ny.

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CHNG I
TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH
1.1 M hnh mng
1.1.1 M hnh mng ngang hng (Peer to Peer)
Mng ngang hng (p2p) l mng m trong hai hay nhiu my tnh chia s tp tin
v truy cp cc thit b nh my in m khng cn n my ch hay phn mm my ch.
Hay dng n gin nht, mng p2p c to ra bi hai hay nhiu my tnh c kt ni
vi nhau v chia s ti nguyn m khng phi thng qua mt my ch dnh ring.

Hnh: M hnh mng ngang hng

Mng p2p c th l kt ni ti ch hai my tnh ni vi nhau qua cng USB
truyn tp tin. P2p cng c th l c s h tng thng trc kt ni 5, 6 my tnh vi nhau
trong mt vn phng nh bng cp ng. Hay n cng c th l mt mng c quy m ln
hn nhiu, dng cc giao thc v ng dng c bit thit lp nhng mi quan h trc
tip gia ngi dng trn internet.
ng dng ban u ca mng p2p l s tip ni ca vic trin khai cc my tnh c
nhn c lp vo u nhng nm 1980. Khc vi my tnh ln (c mini) ngy y c vai tr
my tnh x l v lu tr trung tm phc v cc tc v x l vn bn v nhng ng dng
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khc cho cc thit b u cui (terminal), PC i mi lc c ring a cng v CPU. N

cn c sn cc ng dng, ngha l n c th trin khai trn bn lm vic v thc s hu
dng m khng cn phi ni n my tnh ln.
1.1.2 M hnh mng khch ch (Client/Server)
L mng cc b gm nhiu my tnh c chc nng l my Khch (client) tc ngi
khai thc, s dng dch v trong mng v mt (hoc nhiu) my tnh c chc nng l my
Dch v (server) tc ngi cung cp cc dch v, ti nguyn trong mng.

Hnh: M hnh cliet/Server

Cc my Dch v (server) s c nhiu loi: File Server, Print Server, Database
Server, E-mail Server, Web Server, Communications Server... mi loi my Dch v
chuyn cung cp mt loi dch v (service) hoc ti nguyn (resource) dng chung cho ton
b hoc mt phn ca mng. V d: Trong mt mng cc b, my tnh ci h iu hnh
mng Novell Netware (v d: Novell Netware Server 5.1) c s dng lm chc nng mt
my cung cp dch v lu tr-trao i-truy cp cc tp tin d liu (files) trong mng cho
cc my tnh "khch" bnh thng khc nn c gi l my Dch v tp tin (File Server)
trong mng.

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Cc my Khch (Client) c ci t h iu hnh my trm (v d: DOS,

Windows 9X, Windows Me, Windows 2000...) v Chng trnh phn mm my Khch
(Client software) kt ni vo cc my Dch v truy cp - s dng dch v v/hoc ti
nguyn dng chung trn mng
1.2 Giao thc mng
1.2.1 Giao thc khng c kh nng tm ng
1.2.1.1 NetBIOS
NetBIOS (Network BIOS): L giao thc trong cc mng s dng HH giao din
DOS v Windows ca hng Microsoft trc y.
NetBIOS thng c "dng kt hp vi" NetBeui (NetBIOS Extended User
Interface) v n cung cp giao din lp trnh (programming interface) cho cc
ng dng nm lp Phin lm vic (Session layer - lp th 5 trong m hnh
mng OSI 7 lp).
Ngoi vic kt hp vi Netbeui l giao thc khng h tr nh tuyn (not a

routable protocol), NetBIOS cn c th c "ng gi" theo cc tiu chun

truyn ca cc b giao thc TCP/IP v SPX/IPX - l cc b giao thc h tr
nh tuyn (routable protocol)
Cc my tnh trong mng s dng NetBIOS thng s dng mt ch danh -

tn gi duy nht - l Computer Name di 15 k t. Thng thng, my tnh

s t ng "tung thng tin" (broadcast) tn ca "mnh" trong mng theo mt
khong thi gian nh k.
1.2.1.2 NetBEUI
NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface):L giao thc nm lp Vn
chuyn (Transport layer) trong m hnh OSI. NetBEUI c cng ngun gc vi NetBIOS:
chng cng thuc mt b giao thc mng chun sau ny c "tch ra".
NetBIOS c th c "vn chuyn" thng qua NetBEUI, TCP/IP hoc
SPX/IPX.

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Do NetBEUI l "mt phn" ca NetBIOS v chng l cc giao thc ca tt c

cc h iu hnh Windows nn khi nim Mng NetBEUI (mng s dng

NetBEUI), Mng NetBIOS hoc Mng Windows thng c hiu l "ng
ngha".
1.2.2 Giao thc c kh nng tm ng
1.2.2.1 IPX/SPX
IPX (Internetwork Packet eXchange): L giao thc thuc lp mng (network
layer) trong m hnh mng 7 lp OSI. IPX l giao thc chnh c s dng trong h iu
hnh mng Netware ca hng Novell. N tng t nh giao thc IP (Internet Protocol)
trong TCP/IP.
IPX cha a ch mng (netword Address) v cho php cc gi thng tin
c chuyn qua cc mng hoc phn mng (subnet) khc nhau.
IPX khng bo m vic chuyn giao mt thng ip hoc gi thng tin
hon chnh, cng nh IP, cc gi tin c "ng gi" theo giao thc IPX c
th b "nh ri" (dropped) bi cc Router ("thit b dn ng" trong mng)
khi mng b nghn mch.
Do vy, cc ng dng c nhu cu truyn tin "bo m" (ging nh "gi th
bo m" ) th phi s dng giao thc SPX thay v IPX
SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange):L mt giao thc mng thuc lp vn chuyn
(transport layer network protocol) trong m hnh mng OSI gm 7 lp. Cng nh IPX, SPX
l giao thc "rut" (native protocol) ca cc h iu mng Netware ca hng Novell.
Tng t nh giao thc TCP trong b TCP/IP, SPX l giao thc m bo
ton b thng ip truyn i t mt my tnh trong mng n mt my tnh
khc mt cch chnh xc.
SPX s dng giao thc IPX ca Netware nh l c ch vn chuyn (TCP s

dng IP). Cc chng trnh ng dng s dng SPX cung cp cc tng

tc Khch/Ch v im-ti-im (client/server and peer-to-peer interaction)
gia cc nt mng (network node: l mt "trm lm vic" trong mng).
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Tng t nh TCP v IP hp thnh b giao thc TCP/IP l giao thc chun

trong cc mng HH mng ca Microsoft (Windows 95, 97, 98... Windows

NT 4.0, 2000, XP...) SPX v IPX hp thnh b giao thc IPX/SPX l giao
thc chun trong cc mng s dng HH mng ca Novell.
1.2.2.2 TCP/IP
B giao thc TCP/IP, ngn gn l TCP/IP (ting Anh: Internet protocol suite hoc IP
suite hoc TCP/IP protocol suite - b giao thc lin mng), l mt b cc giao thc truyn
thng ci t chng giao thc m Internet v hu ht cc mng my tnh thng mi ang
chy trn .
B giao thc ny c t tn theo hai giao thc chnh ca n l TCP (Giao thc
iu khin Giao vn) v IP (Giao thc Lin mng). Chng cng l hai giao thc u tin
c nh ngha.
Nh nhiu b giao thc khc, b giao thc TCP/IP c th c coi l mt tp hp
cc tng, mi tng gii quyt mt tp cc vn c lin quan n vic truyn d liu, v
cung cp cho cc giao thc tng cp trn mt dch v c nh ngha r rng da trn vic
s dng cc dch v ca cc tng thp hn. V mt lgic, cc tng trn gn vi ngi dng
hn v lm vic vi d liu tru tng hn, chng da vo cc giao thc tng cp di
bin i d liu thnh cc dng m cui cng c th c truyn i mt cch vt l.
M hnh OSI miu t mt tp c nh gm 7 tng m mt s nh sn xut la chn
v n c th c so snh tng i vi b giao thc TCP/IP. S so snh ny c th gy
nhm ln hoc mang li s hiu bit su hn v b giao thc TCP/IP.
1.2.3 Giao thc nh tuyn
1.2.3.1 RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP): l giao thc nh tuyn vector khong cch
(Distance Vector Protocol) xut hin sm nht. N sut hin vo nm 1970 bi Xerox nh
l mt phn ca b giao thc Xerox Networking Services (XNS). Mt iu k l l RIP
c chp nhn rng ri trc khi c mt chun chnh thc c xut bn. Mi n nm

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1988 RIP mi c chnh thc ban b trong RFC1058 bi Charles Hedrick. RIP c s
dng rng ri do tnh cht n gin v tin dng ca n.
RIP l giao thc nh tuyn vector khong cch in hnh, l n u n gi ton b
routing table ra tt c cc active interface u n theo chu k l 30 giy.
RIP ch s dng metric l hop count tnh ra tuyn ng tt nht ti remote
network. Thut ton m RIP s dng xy dng nn routing table l Bellman-Ford.
1.2.3.2 IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol)
Trc nhng nhc im vn c ca RIP nh: metric l hop count, kch thc mng
ti a l 15 hop. Cisco pht trin mt giao thc c quyn ca ring mnh l IGRP
khc phc nhng nhc im .
IGRP khng s dng hop count trong metric ca mnh, tuy nhin n vn theo di
c hop count. Mt mng ci t IGRP th kch thc mng c th nn ti 255 hop.
1.2.3.3 EGP
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) l mt giao thc nh tuyn bn ngoi dng
trao i thng tin vi cc nh tuyn cng trong cc h thng khc.
EGP cp nht cha cc s liu, c gi l khong cch khong 0-255. Gated s
ch so snh EGP khong cch hc c t cng mt AS.
EGP chu trch nhim v thng tin lin lc ca reachability mng gia cc router ,
trong c th hoc c th khng c trong cc h thng khc nhau t tr. Mi router EGP
duy tr mt c s d liu ca n mng li thng tin lin quan n nhng g c th tip
cn . N s gi thng tin ny ra mt cch thng xuyn cho tng router m n c kt ni
trc tip. Router nhn c cc th ny v cp nht bng nh tuyn ca h, v sau s
dng thng tin mi cp nht cc router khc.

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1.3 Cc dch v h tng trn mng Internet

1.3.1 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DHCP l vit tt ca Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Giao thc Cu hnh
Host ng DHCP c thit k lm gim thi gian chnh cu hnh cho mng TCP/IP bng
cch t ng gn cc a ch IP cho khch hng khi h vo mng.
DHCP tp trung vic qun l a ch IP cc my tnh trung tm chy chng trnh
DHCP. Mc d c th gn a ch IP vnh vin cho bt c my tnh no trn mng, DHCP
cho php gn t ng. khch c th nhn a ch IP t my ch DHCP, bn khai bo
cu hnh khch nhn a ch t ng t mt my ch. Ty chn ny xut hin trong
vng khai bo cu hnh TCP/IP ca a s h iu hnh. Mt khi ty chn ny c thit
lp, khch c th thu mt a ch IP t my ch DHCP bt c lc no. Phi c t nht
mt my ch DHCP trn mng. Sau khi ci t DHCP, bn to mt phm vi DHCP (scope),
l vng cha cc a ch IP trn my ch, v my ch cung cp a ch IP trong vng ny
DHCP l mt thun li rt ln i vi ngi iu hnh mng. N lm yn tm v
cc vn c hu pht sinh khi phi khai bo cu hnh th cng.
DHCP t ng qun l cc a ch IP v loi b c cc li c th lm mt lin lc.
N t ng gn li cc a ch cha c s dng. DHCP cho thu a ch trong mt
khong thi gian, c ngha l nhng a ch ny s cn dng c cho cc h thng khc.
Bn him khi b ht a ch. DHCP t ng gn a ch IP thch hp vi mng con cha
my trm ny. Cng vy, DHCP t ng gn a ch cho ngi dng di ng ti mng con
h kt ni.
1.3.2 DNS( Domain name system)
DNS l t vit tt trong ting Anh ca Domain Name System, l H thng phn gii
tn c pht minh vo nm 1984 cho Internet, ch mt h thng cho php thit lp tng
ng gia a ch IP v tn min.
Dch v DNS hot ng theo m hnh Client-Server: phn Server gi l my ch
phc v tn hay cn gi l Name Server, cn phn Client l trnh phn gii tn Resolver. Name Server cha cc thng tin CSDL ca DNS, cn Resolver n gin ch
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l cc hm th vin dng to cc truy vn (query) v gi chng qua n Name

Server. DNS c thi hnh nh mt giao thc tng Application trong mng TCP/IP.
DNS l 1 CSDL phn tn. iu ny cho php ngi qun tr cc b qun l
phn d liu ni b thuc phm vi ca h, ng thi d liu ny cng d dng truy cp
c trn ton b h thng mng theo m hnh Client-Server. Hiu sut s dng dch
v c tng cng thng qua c ch nhn bn (replication) v lu tm (caching).
Mt hostname trong domain l s kt hp gia nhng t phn cch nhau bi du
chm(.).

1.4 Mt s chun mang WAN

1.4.1 ISDN (Intergrated Services Digital Network)\
Mt trong nhng mc ch ca ISDN l cung cp kh nng truy nhp mng WAN
cho cc h gia nh v doanh nghip s dng ng cp ng in thoi. V l do , cc
k hoch trin khai ISDN u tin xut thay th cc ng dy tng t ang c
bng ng dy s. Hin nay, vic chuyn i t tng t sang s ang din ra mnh m
trn th gii. ISDN ci thin hiu nng vn hnh so vi phng php truy hp mng WAN
qua ng quay s v c chi ph thp hn so vi Frame Relay.

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Hnh 1.13: ISDN

ISDN nh ra cc tiu chun cho vic s dng ng dy in thoi tng t cho c
vic truyn d liu s cng nh truyn d liu tngt. Cc c im ca ISDN l:
-

Cho php pht qung b nhiu kiu d liu(thoi, video, ha..)

Tc truyn d liu v tc kt ni cao hn so vi kt ni quay s truyn

thng.

1.4.2

ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

c trng c bn ca cng ngh ATM :

ATM l cng ngh truyn dn khng ng b, hng kt ni. Vic trao i s liu
c thc hin da trn cc knh truyn dn o, phn bit bi cc nh danh, xc
nh.

Ngi s dng c cung cp di thng cn thit theo yu cu, khng ph thuc

vo h thng truyn dn vt l c th (bandwidth salabitlity).

Do xc xut li ca h thng truyn dn thp nn c th b cc bin php pht hin

v khc phc li khi trao i s liu gia hai h thng k nhau v gim cc s liu
iu khin chng li mc mng (fast packet switching). Cc giao thc mc cao
c trch nhim m bo trao i s liu chnh xc gia hai thc th cui (end- toend control).

Thi gian x l mt n v s liu hay cn gi l mt t bo ATM bi h thng

chuyn mch nh v xc nh. Mt t bo ATM c 53 byte, trong c 5 byte tiu
(s liu iu khin).

m bo cht lng dch v theo yu cu ca ngi s dng (Quality of Service).

Frame relay, SMDS-Swithed Multimegabit Data Service, X.25 l cc v d ca cng

ngh chuyn mch gi.

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1.4.3 SONET(Synchronous Optical Network)

SONET l mt chun ca American National Standards Institute truyn d liu
ng b trn mi trng truyn l cp si quang.
Tng ng vi SONET v mt quc t l SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy).
Cng nhau, chng m bo cc chun sao cho cc mng s c th ni vi nhau trn
bnh din quc t v cc h thng truyn quy c ang tn ti c th nm ly li th ca
mi trng cp si quang.
SONET cung cp cc chun cho mt s lng ln cc tc truyn cho n 9.953
Gbit/s (tc truyn thc t khong 20 Gbit/s).
nh ngha mt tc c s l 51.84 Mbit/s v mt tc c s c bit di tn
Ocx (Optical Carrier levels). Trong OC- 192 l mt tc ca SONET ni lin vi
mt tc ti (payload rate) bng 9.584640 Gbit/s, ch yu c s dng trong cc mi
trng WAN.
1.4.4 xDSL
K thut xDSL l k thut truyn dn dy cp ng, n gii quyt nhng vn tc
nghn gia nhng nh cung cp cc dch v mng v nhng khch hng s dng dch v
mng .
K thut xDSL t c nhng tc bng tn rng trn mi trng mng ph bin
nht trn th gii l ng dy cp in thoi thng thng.
c im ca k thut xDSL
-

Tc truyn d liu thay i tu theo tng phin bn ca cng ngh xDSL v

di ca mch vng thu bao.
i vi ADSL, chun ADSL ca ITU-T xc nh tc hng truyn xung
l 6.1 Mbit/s v 640 Kbit/s hng ln.

Trong thc t tc ti a 6.1 Mbit/s ch c th t c nu khong cch

di 2,7 Km v gim ti 1,5 Mbit/s hoc thp hn na khong cch 4,5
Km.
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Phin bn c tc cao nht l VDSL, h tr ti a ng xung l 55

Mbit/s khong cch 300 m v 13 Mbit/s nu khong cch l 1,4 Km. Tc
hng ln nm trong khong 1,6 2,3 Mbit/s.
-

Mi ngi s dng c mt ng ring kt ni vi DSLAM t ti tng i hoc

RT (trm thit b tp trung thu bao).

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CHNG II
CNG NGH ADSL VA ADSL 2+
2.1 Cng ngh ADSL
2.1.1 inh nghia
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) - l ng thu bao s khng i
xng, k thut truyn c s dng trn ng dy t modem ca thu bao ti Nh cung
cp dch v.

Hiu mt cch n gin nht, ADSL l s thay th vi tc cao cho thit b

modem hoc ISDN gip truy nhp Internet vi tc cao v nhanh hn. Cc biu
sau ch ra cc tc cao nht c th t c gia cc dch v cung cp.
Asymmetric: Tc truyn khng ging nhau hai chiu. Tc ca chiu

xung (t mng ti thu bao) c th nhanh gp hn 10 ln so vi tc ca

chiu ln (t thu bao ti mng). iu ny ph hp mt cch tuyt vi cho
vic khai thc dch v Internet khi m ch cn nhn chut (tng ng vi lu
lng nh thng tin m thu bao gi i ) l c th nhn c mt lu lng
ln d liu ti v t Internet.
Digital: Cc modem ADSL hot ng mc bit (0 v 1) v dng chuyn

thng tin s ho gia cc thit b s nh cc my tnh PC. Chnh kha cnh

ny th ADSL khng c g khc vi cc Modem thng thng.
Subscriber Line: ADSL t n ch hot ng trn ng dy thu bao bnh

thng ni ti tng i ni ht. ng dy thu bao ny vn c th c tip

tc s dng cho cc cuc gi i hoc nghe in thoi cng mt thi im
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thng qua thit b gi l splitters c chc nng tch thoi v d liu trn
ng dy.
Mch ADSL to nn 3 knh thng tin trn i dy thu bao:
Mt knh tc cao t tng i ti thu bao.
Mt knh tc trung bnh 2 chiu (ph thuc vo cu trc ca
ADSL).
Mt knh thoi hoc mt knh N-ISDN.
Tc n v m ADSL c th cung cp l 1,5 hoc 2 Mbit/s trn mt knh
t tng i n thu bao v 16 Kbit/s trn mt knh hai hng. Modem
ADSL tng thch vi truyn dn ATM, giao thc IP, bng vic thay i tc
truyn v ph hp vi cc u ca ATM cng nh IP. Bng 2-2 a ra
khong cch ti a cho php m vn m bo cht lng truyn dn mt s
tc nht nh.

2.1.2 ng dung cua ADSL

ADSL xc lp cch thc d liu c truyn gia thu bao (nh ring hoc cng s)
v tng i thoi ni ht trn chnh ng dy in thoi bnh thng. Chng ta vn
thng gi ng dy ny l local loop.
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Thc cht ca ng dng ADSL khng phi vic truyn d liu i, n tng i
in thoi ni ht m l to kh nng truy nhp Internet vi tc cao. Nh vy, vn
nm vic xc lp kt ni d liu ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet.
Mc d chng ta cho rng ADSL c s dng truyn d liu bng cc giao thc
Internet, nhng trn thc t vic thc hin iu nh th no li khng phi l c trng
k thut ca ADSL.
Hin nay, phn ln ngi ta ng dng ADSL cho truy nhp Internet tc cao v s
dng cc dch v trn Internet mt cch nhanh hn.
2.1.3 C ch hoat ng
ADSL tm cch khai thc phn bng thng tng t cn cha c s dng trn
ng dy ni t thu bao ti tng i ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k truyn ti
ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k truyn ti di ph tn s (frequency spectrum)
chim bi cuc thoi bnh thng. Tuy nhin, n cng c th truyn ti cc tn s cao hn
di ph tng i hn ch dnh cho thoi. l di ph m ADSL s dng.

Thoi c bn s dng di tn s t 300 Hz ti 3,400 Hz.

By gi chng ta s xem xt, thoi v d liu ADSL chia x cng mt ng dy
thu bao ra sao. Trn thc t, cc splitter c s dng m bo d liu v thoi khng
xm phm ln nhau trn ng truyn.
Cc tn s m mch vng c th truyn ti, hay ni cch khc l khi lng d liu
c th truyn ti, s ph thuc vo cc nhn t sau:
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Khong cch t tng i ni ht.

Kiu v dy ng dy.

Kiu v s lng cc mi ni trn ng dy.

Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti ADSL, ISDN v cc tn hiu thoi

khc.

Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti tn hiu radio.

2.1.4 u im cua ADSL

1. PSTN v ISDN l cc cng ngh quay s (dial-up)
ADSL l lin tc/ always-on tc kt ni trc tip.
2. PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta s dng fax, d liu, thoi, d liu ti
Internet, d liu ti cc thit b khc.
ADSL ch truyn ti d liu ti Internet.
3. PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta tu chn ISP no m ta mun kt ni
ADSL kt ni chng ta ti mt ISP nh trc.
4. ISDN chy tc c s 64kbps hoc 128kbps.
ADSL c th ti d liu v vi tc ti 8 Mbps.
5. PSTN ngt truy nhp ti Internet khi chng ta thc hin cuc gi.
ADSL cho php va s dng Internet trong khi vn c th thc
hin cuc gi ng thi.
6. Kt ni Internet qua ng PSTN v ISDN bng phng thc quay s c

tnh cc ni ht.
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ADSL khng tnh cc ni ht.

Ghi ch:
Mc d modem ADSL lun ch kt ni thng trc, nhng vn c th
cn phi thc hin lnh kt ni Internet trn my PC.
Cc dch v nh fax v thoi c th c thc hin cng trn kt ni d liu
ADSL ti internet.
Trn thc t, tc download tiu biu i vi dch v ADSL gia nh
thng t ti (up to) 400 kbps.
Dng bao nhiu, tr by nhiu. Cu trc cc theo lu lng s dng (hoc
theo thi gian s dng)
Khng hn ch s ngi s dng khi chia s kt ni Internet trong mng ni
b.

2.1.5 Cac thanh phn cua ADSL

Trong phn ny chng ta s ln lt m t chc nng ca tng thnh phn ca

ADSL, bt u t Modem ADSL ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet.

Chng ta cng xem xt pha ISP lc ra nhng thnh phn c bn m h
s dng cung cp dich v ADSL.

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2.1.6 Cac thanh phn cua ADSL v phia ISP

2.1.6.1 .ISP l g?
ISP (Internet Service Provider): nh cung cp dch v Internet (WWW, email, ftp,
telnet...). Vit Nam hin nay c cc nh cung cp dch v Internet nh: VDC, FPT,
NetNam...
By gi chng ta s tm hiu xem cc ISP thc hin cung cp ADSL nh th no.

Phm vi Nh cung cp dch v gm c ba thnh phn quan trng :

DSLAM - DSL Access Multiplexer
BAS - Broadband Access Server
ISP - Internet Service Provider
Mt thit b DSLAM c th tp hp nhiu kt ni thu bao ADSL - c th nhiu ti
hng trm thu bao - v t li trn mt kt ni cp quang. Si cp quang ny thng c
ni ti thit b gi l BAS - Broadband Access Server, nhng n cng c th khng ni trc
tip ti BAS v BAS c th c t ti bt c u.
2.1.6.2 DSLAM l g?
DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) - B dn knh truy nhp
ng thu bao s - l mt thit b u cui DSL c t ti a im ca nh cung cp
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dch v mng. DSLAM tp trung lung d liu t cc mch vng DSL v t hp thnh tc
cao hn nh tc T1, E1 hoc tc ATM ca OC-3 (155 Mbps)....ri a ti
Internet hay mng d liu.
Mt thit b DSLAM c th tp hp nhiu kt ni ADSL- c th nhiu ti hng trm
thu bao - v t li trn mt kt ni cp quang. Si cp quang ny thng c ni ti thit
b gi l BAS - Broadband Access Server, nhng n cng c th khng ni trc tip ti
BAS v BAS c th c ci t bt c u.

DSLAM l thit b t pha tng i, l im cui ca kt ni ADSL. N cha v

s cc modem ADSL b tr v mt pha hng ti cc mch vng v pha kia l kt ni cp
quang.
2.1.6.3. BAS l g?
BAS (Broadband Access Server) l thit b t gia DSLAM v POP ca ISP. Mt
thit b BAS c th phc v cho nhiu DSLAM.
Cc giao thc truyn thng c ng gi truyn d liu thng qua kt ni
ADSL, v vy mc ch ca BAS l m gi hon tr li cc giao thc trc khi i
vo Internet. N cng m bo cho kt ni ca bn ti ISP c chnh xc ging nh khi
bn s dng modem quay s hoc ISDN.
Nh ch gii trn, ADSL khng ch r cc giao thc c s dng to thnh
kt ni ti Internet. Phng php m PC v Modem s dng bt buc phi ging nh BAS
s dng cho kt ni thc hin c.
Thng thng ADSL s dng hai giao thc chnh l:
PPoE- PPP over Ethernet Protocol

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PPoA- Point to Point Protocol over ATM

2.1.7 Cu truc cua ADSL
Khi quay s PSTN/ISDN truy nhp Internet, chng ta s dng giao thc gi l
PPP vn chuyn d liu TCP/IP v kim tra cng nh xc thc tn v mt khu ngi
truy nhp.
Trong ADSL, PPP cng thng c s dng kim tra tn v mt khu truy nhp
v ATM th lun c s dng mc thp nht. Kt ni in hnh nh di y:

2.1.7.1 Vai tr ca ATM

ATM- Asynchrononus Transfer Mode- c s dng nh l cng c chuyn ti

cho ADSL mc thp. L do v l cch thun tin v mm do i vi cc cng ty thoi
mun ko di khong cch kt ni t DSLAM ti BAS gip h c th t BAS bt c
u trn mng.
Cc tham s thit lp cu hnh ATM
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C hai tham s cn phi thit lp cu hnh mt cch chnh xc trn Modem ADSL
m bo kt ni thnh cng ti mc ATM vi DSLAM:
VPI - the Virtual Path Identifier
VCI - the Virtual Channel Identifier
2.1.7.2. Vai tr ca PPP
PPP l giao thc dng vn chuyn lu lng Internet ti cc ISP dc theo cc kt
ni Modem v ISDN. PPP kt hp cht ch cc yu t xc thc kim tra tn ,mt khu - v
l l do chnh m ngi ta dng PPP vi ADSL.
Mc d BAS thc thi giao thc PPP v tin hnh vic xc thc, nhng thc ra vic
c thc hin bng cch truy nhp vo cc c s d liu khch hng t ti ISP. Bng
cch , ISP bit c rng cc kt ni do BAS nh chuyn ti c xc thc thng
qua giao dch vi c s d liu ring ca ISP.

2.1.8. ADSL trong thc t

2.1.8.1. Cc loi modem ADSL thng minh v th ng
Modem ADSL thng minh bn thn n tch hp sn cc giao thc truyn thng
cn thit (nh thit b modem ADSL Router hoc modem c s dng kt ni qua cng
Card Ethernet 10/100 Mb) nn ch vic la chn v khai bo VPI/VCI cho modem.
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Cn modem ADSL th ng th phi hot ng da trn h iu hnh ca my tnh

cung cp cc giao thc cn thit. Cc li modem ny bt buc phi ci t phn mm
iu khin modem v thit lp cc giao thc PPP, VPI/VCI. Vic cu hnh nh vy phc
tp v i hi thi gian nhiu hn.
Ch c Windows 98SE, Windows Me, v Windows 2000/XP l c ci sn c ch
thc thi ATM, v th ngi ta t s dng cc modem th ng trn thc t. Mc d cc
modem thng minh c h tr cc giao thc cn thit nhng chng vn c th c dng
cho cc h iu hnh ni trn.
Cc modem th ng c th ni vi PC thng qua giao din USB, hoc c th c
sn xut di dng PCI card cm thng trn bng mch ch ca PC.
Lu l vic khai thc giao thc ATM khng c ngha l cn phi c card mng
ATM cho PC - ch l c ch h tr bng phn mm trong h iu hnh.
2.1.8.2. Mi tng quan gia thoi v ADSL
ADSL cho php cng lc va truy nhp Internet tc cao li va c th thc hin
cuc gi cng trn ng dy .
Thit b chuyn dng Splitters c s dng tch ring cc tn s cao dng cho
ADSL v cc tn s thp dng cho thoi. Nh vy, ngi ta thng t cc Splitters ti mi
u ca ng dy - pha thu bao v pha DSLAM.

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2.1.8.3. Thoi v ADSL chung sng ra sao?

Ti pha thu bao, cc tn s thp c chuyn n my in thoi cn cc tn s
cao i n modem ADSL. Ti cc tng i, cc tn s thp c chuyn sang mng thoi
PSTN cn cc tn s cao i n ISP.

Tc ca kt ni gia modem ADSL v DSLAM ph thuc vo khong cch

ng truyn v tc ti a c cu hnh sn trn cng ca DSLAM. Cn tc kt ni
vo Internet li cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc na nh di y:

S ngi dng kt ni vo cng mt DSLAM v thc t c bao nhiu ngi

dng ang khai thc kt ni.
Tc kt ni gia DSLAM v BAS
Bao nhiu card DSLAM cng ni vo mt BAS v bao nhiu ngi dng
ang khai thc thc t kt ni.

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Tc kt ni gia BAS kt ni vo ISP v bao nhiu ngi dng thc t

ang khai thc.
Tc ca kt ni t ISP ti mng Internet ton cu.
Bao nhiu thu bao ca ISP ang khai thc (qua cc giao tip khc nhau nh
quay s PSTN/ ISDN v ADSL).
ISP t chc caching v proxy ra sao, liu thng tin m bn cn khai thc
c lu tr trn Cache cha hay phi ti v t Internet.
2.2 Cng ngh ADSL 2+
2.2.1 inh nghia
ADSL 2+ (cn c bit n vi tn chun ITU G.992.5) l chun cng ngh mi
pht trin t chun ADSL v ADSL2:
ADSL 2+ tng gp i tn s ti a ca qu trnh truyn d liu chiu ti
xung, t 1,1MHz ln 2,2MHz. Tc truyn ti xung c kh nng t ti ti
a 24Mbps qua ng truyn thoi.

ADSL 2+ cung cp mt la chn cho vic m rng thng lng ng

truyn ln (upstream) gp i t my tnh.

ADSL 2+ vn s dng i cp ng truyn thoi sn c, cc nh cung cp
dch v hon ton khng phi u t thm c s h tng ng truyn mi m
vn c kh nng cung cp dch v vi bng thng ln hn nhiu so vi chun
ADSL ( tc ng xung ti a 8Mbps, tc ng ln 640kbps). Do
ADSL 2+ hon ton tng thch vi ADSL, vi chipset ADSL2+ cho php cc
nh cung cp dch v pht trin cc dch v tin tin nh video, hi ngh ... trn
cng mt h tng truyn dn pha khch hng. iu ny gip cc nh cung cp
dch v m bo khng b lng ph vn u t.

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2.2.2 Cac c tinh ky thut cua ADSL 2+

Bng thng rng hn: Khc vi hai chun ca ADSL trc , ch t ti di tn
s l 1,1 MHz v 552 KHz. ADSL 2+ t ti di tn s cho ng xung ti 2,2 MHz.

Hnh : Bng thng ng xung (downstream) v ng ln (upstream)

Nh vic tng bng thng lung xung ln gp i nn cng ngh ADSL2+ c th
t tc truyn d liu xung ti a 24 Mbps).

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Hnh : th so snh gia cc cng ngh ADSL

Gim xuyn nhiu trn ng truyn: ADSL 2+ c th c s dng gim
nhiu xuyn m, bng cch s dng cc tn s di 1MHz t pha tng i, v tn s gia
1,1 MHz v 2,2 MHz t pha u cui xa (Remote Terminal) n pha u cui ca khch
hng. Vic ny s xo hn tnh trng nhiu xuyn m gia cc dch v v tc trn ng
truyn t pha tng i.

Hnh: ADSL2+ c s dng gim thiu xuyn nhiu trn ng truyn

Gim tiu hao nng lng: Cc b thu pht ca cng ngh ADSL thng hot
ng trong ch full-power c ngy ln m, thm ch ngay c khi khng s dng. Nu
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nh c c vi triu thit b modem ADSL c trin khai th con s tht thot nng lng
hn s khng nh. Nu nh modem c th hot ng trong ch stand-by/sleep ging nh
my tnh th s tit kim c in nng rt nhiu. iu ny cng tit kim nng lng cho
cc b thu pht ADSL hot ng trong cc khi u xa v t DLC m hot ng di mt
yu

cu

tn

nhit

kht

khe.

Trong khi , chun ADSL2 v ADSL2+ mang n hai ch tit kim in nng gip
gim cng sut tiu th trong khi vn duy tr modem ADSL trong trng thi always-on:

Hnh : So snh ch in nng ca ADSL v ADSL2/ADSL2+

L2 low-power mode: ch ny cho php tit kim in nng khi thu pht
ADSL trong tng i (ATU-C) bng cch vo v thot nhanh ra khi ch ny khi lung
thng tin Internet chy qua kt ni ADSL.
L3 low-power mode: ch ny cho php tit kim in nng c hai khi ATUC v ATU-R bng cch ri vo ch sleep khi khng s dng kt ni trong mt khong
thi gian nht nh.

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2.2.3 So sanh gia ADSL va ADSL 2+

Cng ngh ADSL l mt chun ph bin trong cc sn phm bng rng. Tuy nhin,
vi s tng ln nhanh chng cc nhu cu truy nhp bng rng c tc cao hn, ADSL hu
nh kh c th p ng c nh cc dch v truyn hnh trc tuyn cht lng cao, truyn
hnh theo yu cu, truyn hnh hi ngh, game 3D trc tuyn v.v. Chnh v vy, m ngi ta
cho ra i cng ngh ADSL mi vi tn gi l ADSL2+, cng ngh ny c th ci thin
tc d liu v t ti mt hiu nng ng k. ADSL2+ c th t tc ti a 24Mbps,
trn ng dy in thoi khong cch 1.3km.
ADSL
Tc ti d liu ln n 8 Mbps
Chiu di ti a c th t c l 5,4km
Vn dng c ng dy in thoi c sn
S dng tn s in trn ng dy: 1,1Mhz

ADSL 2+
Tc ti d liu ln n 24 Mbps
Chiu di ti a c th t c l 2,7km
Tn dng c ng dy in thoi c sn
S dng tn s in trn ng dy c th
ln n 2,2Mhz

2.2.4 M hinh nha cung cp dich vu ADSL 2+

Trn y l m hnh tng quan nht v mt h thng mng ca nh cung cp dch v

ADSL. M hnh ny cho thy v c bn tt c cc thit b, thnh phn cn thit cho mt h
thng ADSL. N bao gm cc u cui ADSL CPE, cc b ghp knh truy nhp DSL
(DSLAM), c my ch truy nhp Broadband, cc my ch RADIUS server. My ch nhn
thc, my ch billing ...
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Hnh : Lung d liu i t khch hng n nh cung cp dch v ISP

Gii thiu v c bn cc thnh phn trong h thng cung cp dch v ADSL2+:

Splitter: thit b chia tch tn hiu in thoi v d liu. ADSL2+ dng

chung ng dy vi ng truyn thoi. Trn ng dy ny tn hiu thoi

c truyn vi tn s nh hn 4Kbps v ADSL2+ truyn d liu trn di tn
s trn. thit b c th lm vic m khng b nhiu gia hai loi tn hiu
ny cn phi c b chia tch tn hiu m v c bn l b lc tn s, lc tn s
ca tn hiu thoi v lc tn s ca tn hiu d liu.

Modem ADSL2+: thit b iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu in trc khi

i vo trong mng hoc i vo ng truyn trn ng dy in thoi.

DSLAM: B ghp knh truy nhp DSL, thit b ny tch tn hiu thoi v
d liu trn ng dy thu bao, chuyn d liu thoi v tng i v tn hiu
d liu qua mng ISP truyn ra Internet.

BRAS: thit b terminate phin PPP t cc modem ADSL

RADIUS server: thit b nhn thc ngi dng. Thit b ny c s dng

m bo ngi dng c ti khon hp l mi s dng c dch v. Ngoi
ra n cn phc v cho vic tnh cc sau ny.

Billing server: my ch tnh cc s dng (theo dung lng kt ni). Hin

nay, cc nh cung cp dch v ca Vit Nam c hai hnh thc gi cc l tnh
cc

trn

gi

tnh

cc

theo

dung

lng

dng.

Nh vy cung cp c dch v ADSL2+ nh cung cp dch v vn tn

dng c s h tng truyn dn qua ng truyn thoi. Ngoi ra cn u t
DSLAM cng ngh ADSL2+ vi chi ph khng hn nhiu so vi DSLAM
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cng ngh ADSL. Mt khc DSLAM cng ngh ADSL2+ vn h tr dch v

ADSL v c cc cng uplink IP hoc ATM. iu ny mang li cho cc ISP
s linh hot trong vic cung cp dch v ty vo nhu cu ca khch hng m
chi ph u t khng khc g so vi chi ph u t DSLAM cng ngh ADSL.

2.3 Gii thiu mt s Router co tich hp cng ngh ADSL va ADSL 2+

2.3.1 ADSL 2/2+ Router ADE-4400
Vi 4 cng kt ni Ethernet, router ADSL2+ ca Planet ADE-4400 mang n gii
php l tng cho ngi dng cui cng nh vn phng mun chia s kt ni internet tc
cao s dng cng ngh ADSL. Thit b h tr tc upload d liu ti a 3,5Mbps v
download ti a 24Mbps. ADE-4400 c th kt ni vi nh cung cp dch v s dng
PPPoA (RFC 2364 - PPP over ATM Addaption layer 5), PPP over Ethernet (RFC 2516),
v RFC 1483 encapsulation over ATM (MER, bridge, router).

Giao din qun l thn thin, ADSL 2/2+ c th c qun l t cc my tnh trong
mng chy cc trnh duyt Web chun. H tr NAT, Security, Dynamic DNS, Time Zone,
Remote Management, UPnP, Static Route.
Thit b c kh nng hot ng nh mt thit b tng la bo v ngi khi tn
cng t bn ngoi internet. ADE-4400 cung cp tnh nng c bn ca mt tng la nh
NAT, theo di v lc gi tin i qua n. Thm vo , ngi qun tr c th chn truy cp
Internet ca mt s ngi dng nh trc.
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2.3.2 Vigor2800VG
DrayTek tip tc gii thiu cho "c dn mng" sn phm Vigor2800VG tch hp 3
chc nng chnh: VoIP, VPN server, print server, Wi-Fi chun 802.11b/g, ng dng cng
ngh SuperG, tc 108Mbps... p ng cho vn phng a phng tin qui m trung bnh
v ln.

Vigor 2800VG cng c y cc tnh nng "rt ring" ca hng, in hnh nh

tng la tch hp kh tinh nhu vi rt nhiu chnh sch bo v cho nhu cu qun l.
Chng hn, ch lc dch v (vo/ra) vi ch Call filter v Data filter cc mnh, cho
php thit lp rt nhiu qui tc (c 12 Set, mi Set c 7 qui tc) da trn a ch IP/tm a
ch IP. Bn cnh , bn c th lc ni dung web bng t kha/a ch URL, bng dch v
SurfControl, kha cc dch v chia s qua mng ngang hng (P2P), kha cc dch v tn
gu...
2.3.3 Dlink ADSL router - 1 RJ45 port + 1USB port - (DSL 522T)

Chia s kt ni ADSL2/2+ tc cao gia cc nhm my tnh - DoS & Firewall SPI
- QoS & h tr qun l SNMP - 1 ADSL port, 1 Ethernet port, 1 USB port
DSL-522T ADSL router l mt router a nng, tc cao cho h gia nh v vn
phng.Vi vic tch hp ADSL2/2+ h tr tc download ln n 24Mbps, h tr
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firewall, QoS, Router ny cung cp tt c cc chc nng dng cho h gia nh hoc vn
phng thit lp mt ni kt an ton v t xa tc cao n mng bn ngoi.
Kt ni ADSL tc cao. c im DSL-522T, chun ADSL2/2+ mi nht, cung
cp tc download 24Mbps v upload 1Mbps, hoc tc download 12Mbps v upload
1Mbps(ADSL2). Router ny t ng chuyn loi kt ni v tha thun kiu iu ch, dng
giao thc G.hs.
Chia s truy xut internet cho workgroup. DSL-522T cung cp DHCP cho mt nhm
ca h gia nh hoc vn phng truy cp internet ng thi. Cung cp mt port Ethernet c
th c ni n mt nhm ngi dng thng qua Switch.
Firewall. Router ny cung cp bc tng la an ton dng SPI(Stateful Packet
Inspection) v DoS. SPI kim tra header ca cc gi i vo trc khi quyt nh cc gi i
qua. Access control lc gi da trn port v a ch MAC/IP ngun/ch n. Virtual server
mapping cho php lm ring bit FTP, Web, game chia s a ch public trong khi vn bo
v server v my trm t hacker. Bn c th cu hnh bt k port LAN no lm port DMZ.
Vi VPN pass-though cho php cc mobile user truy xut mail, file t vn phng lm
vic ti nh m khng cn phn mn VPN client phc tp
2.3.4 Draytek V2820

DrayTek mang n cho doanh nghip va v nh 2 la chn mi vi 2 b thit b

(DrayTek VigorPro 100 v Vigor2820) kh chuyn v l: DrayTek VigorPro 100 h tr
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tng la All-in-one (Unified Security Firewall) v Vigor2820 l thit b kt hp gia

mt router bng rng v mt router ADSL.
Fail-Over (mt ng chy, mt ng d phng, ng d phng s t ng chy
khi ng chnh gp s c, thch hp cho nhng ng dng i hi tc cao v n nh).
Tnh nng qun l bng thng vi nhiu la chn nh gii hn s giao dch (sessions) ng
thi, gii hn bng thng cho tng nhm my c th.
Sn phm c trang b tng la mnh m vi nhiu tnh nng hp dn, chng hn
nh kh nng phng chng tn cng t chi dch v DoS/DDoS vi nhiu chnh sch nh
quy nh s lng gi SYN, ICMP, UDP... c php nhn trong 1 giy, pht hin vic
scan port, hay ngn cm vic gi qu nhiu cc gi d liu c cng mt giao thc.... tnh
nng lc theo a ch URL, lc ni dung web.
Tnh nng ni bt tip theo l kh nng h tr mng ring o (VPN). C hai u cho
php thit lp n 32 knh VPN ng thi theo hai dng chnh: Remote Dial-in User v
LAN-to-LAN vi cc giao thc (PPTP, L2TP with IPSec Policy v IPSec Tunnel), ch
m ha v xc thc (MD5, SHA-1) cao cp. Th nghim tnh nng VPN, Test Lab thit lp
kt ni theo dng LAN-to-LAN (vi hai ng ADSL: mt ni n router VigorPro 100
(VPN server), mt ni n router Vigor2800 (router ny lin kt vi my tnh lm VPN
client). Test Lab cng thc hin cu hnh tng t cho router Vigor2820. Trong c hai
trng hp, tc thit lp kt ni VPN u kh cao (khong 6-8 giy) v n nh
V cc cng giao tip ngoi cc cng LAN, WAN, c hai u trang b thm cng
USB cm my in. Ring cng USB ca Vigor2820 cn c th dng cm cc lu tr
USB dng chia s d liu trong h thng mng. y l im kh mi so vi cc router
ca DrayTek trc y. DrayTek h tr rt nhiu loi my in ca cc hng ni ting nhng
do ti thi im th nghim Test Lab khng c cc loi my in m DrayTek h tr nn
cha th nghim c.

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CHNG III
TRIN KHAI NG DUNG CNG NGH ADSL CHO DICH VU
INTERNET
3.1 Cac thu tuc va thng tin khi ng ky dich vu ADSL
3.1.1 Th tc ng k thng tin khi ng k dch v ADSL ca Viettel
lm th tc ng k s dng dch v, khch hng phi c cc thit b tng ng
miu t trong mc iu kin s dng dch v v cc giy t sau:
(Lu : Thi hn cng chng cc giy t khng qu 06 thng k t ngy cng chng. Nu
KH xut trnh bn gc giao dch vin kim tra th bn sao khng cn cng chng). i
vi c nhn Vit Nam (Quc tch Vit Nam), sinh sng ti Vit Nam

Bn sao

CMND hp l hoc cc giy t xc nhn nhn thn khc nh CMT qun i, cng an.
i vi c nhn ngi nc ngoi ang c tr v sinh sng ti Vit Nam

Bn sao H chiu
Bn sao Giy php lu tr ti Vit Nam hoc giy bo lnh ca mt t

chc hoc c quan c t cch php nhn ti Vit Nam (nu khng c giy bo lnh
th phi t cc 2.000.000 VND. Khon t cc ny s c hon tr ngay sau khi
khch hng chm dt hp ng v hon tt ngha v thanh ton cc ph).
i vi Doanh nghip, T chc hoc Vn phng i din

Ch k ca ngi c thm quyn v con du hp php.

Bn sao Giy php ng k kinh doanh; hoc Bn sao giy php hot ng (nu

doanh nghip ch c con du vung)

Bn sao Hp ng thu vn phng (nu c).

Qu khch hng i l Internet cng cng

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Bn sao Giy php ng k kinh doanh dch v Internet cng cng

Chng minh th nhn dn ca ngi lm i din (bn photo c cng chng)

Hp ng thu vn phng hoc giy chng nhn s hu nh ni t i l (bn sao

c cng chng)

Chng ch tin hc ti thiu trnh A (bn sao c cng chng) ca ch i l hoc

nhn vin do ch i l thu.

Qu khch hng i l u quyn Viettel Mobile

Giy gi thiu ca Viettel Mobile hoc hp ng i l vi Viettel Mobile cn

hiu lc

Bn sao Giy php ng k kinh doanh; hoc Bn sao giy php hot ng (nu

doanh nghip ch c con du vung)

Bn sao Hp ng thu vn phng (nu c)

3.1.2 Th tc bin ng dch v v thay i thng tin trn Hp ng.

(Bao gm: Tm ngng, Khi phc, Chuyn nhng Hp ng, Sang tn, Chuyn i a
im s dng v cc yu cu v bin ng dch v khc)
Khch hng yu cu thay i thng tin trn hp ng phi l chnh ch; thanh ton
ht cc khon n cc (tnh n thi im ngh thay i) v mang theo giy t sau n
cc im giao dch ca Viettel:

Bn gc Hp ng cung cp v s dng dch v vin thong.

Giy t chng minh t cch c nhn, php nhn.

Nu i lm thay cho ch hp ng th ngoi cc giy t trn phi km theo Giy

y quyn ca ch hp ng c xc nhn ca c quan, chnh quyn a phng.

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3.2 Thit k m phng phng Internet

Gi cc

: + ADSL 6Mbps

Tng quan bao gm

: + 1 Computer Server c 2 NIC

+ 30 Client.
+ 1 Switch.
+ 1 Router Draytex vigor 2820.

Phn mn ci t server: + Window Xp Profesional

+ Tin ch, game....
+ ISA.
Phn mn ci t Client: + Window Xp Profesional
+ Cc tin ch, game....

M phng m hnh thit k phng Internet

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3.3 Cai t router

Trong phn ci t ny ti xin ly sn phm Draytek V2820 ca hng Draytek lm
v d .

3.3.1 Cai WAN

M trnh duyt (IE, Firefox...), nhp vo a ch IP 192.168.1.1 v nhn Enter
xut hin hp thoi nhp usernamev password.
Mc nh router khng c username v password, bn c th g Enter vo giao
din cu hnh.

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Vo mc WAN Internet Access WAN 1

Chn Enable

Nhp thng s VPI/VCI

Encapsulation: chn LLC/SNAP

Protocol: chn PPPoE

Modulation: chn G.DMT (chun ADSL thng)

Bn phi nhp vo Username, Password ca nh cung cp. Sau click OK.

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Cu hnh Wan 2

WAN 2 ca Vigor2820 s dng port RJ-45 nn c th cu hnh cc dch v nh cp

quang, truyn hnh cp, ADSL. Ty theo nh cung cp dch v cp cho bn IP hay ti
khon s dng m cu hnh theo cc trng hp c th.
Cu hnh theo ti khon
Vo Tab PPPoE, chn Enable, nhp Username v Password. Nhn OK, router s
t khi ng li.

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Cu hnh theo IP
Vo Tab Static or Dynamic IP, chn Specify an IP address v nhp vo a ch
IP ca nh cung cp

Trng hp WAN 2 s dng cho ADSL th IP Address l a ch IP WAN 2 ca

V2820, Gateway IP Address l a ch IP LAN ca router ADSL ng trc.
Lp mng LAN ca V2820 v lp mng LAN ca router ng trc phi khc lp

(VD y lp mng LAN ca V2820 l 192.168.1.0/24, lp mng LAN ca ADSL

router ng trc l 192.168.10.0/24).
WAN Connection Detection: chn Ping Detect v nhp vo a ch IP n nh

bn ngoi Internet WAN 2 kim tra kt ni ca ADSL router.

Kim tra trng thi kt ni
giao din cu hnh, vo mc Online Status. Nu WAN 1 v WAN 2 nhn c
IP Public t nh cung cp dch v tc l bn cu hnh thnh cng.

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Nu trn WAN Status khng nhn c IP t nh cung cp dch v vui lng kim
tra li.
n ADSL trn V2820 v cng nh trn ADSL router ng trc WAN 2 c ng
n khng.
Nu n ADSL chp lin tc ngha l router cha nhn c tn hiu ADSL.
Bn kim tra li thng s Modulation. y l thng s cho php chn cc
chun ADSL, bn c th chn tng chun sao cho tng thch vi nh cung
cp dch v.
Nu chn cc chun trn m vn khng c vui lng kim tra li ng
line. Lu sau khi thay i cc chun ADSL trong Modulation bn phi khi
ng li router.
Cu hnh ADSL router ch Brigde ng cha?. Bn c th kim tra bng
cch quay PPPoE trn my tnh. Nu kt ni thnh cng ngha l bn cu hnh
ng v c th gn vo WAN 2 ca V2820.
Nh vy bn hon thnh vic thit lp v cu hnh trn router Vigor2820.
3.3.2 Cu hinh security
3.3.2.1 Thit lp c bn
Thit lp cc ch lc cho router
+ Thit lp cho cuc gi : chn Enable
+ Thit lp lc cc gi tin : chn Enable

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Mt s thit lp chung cho ngi s dng

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Thit lp lc d liu trong mng: ngn login, messenger, file transfer.

Trong th Check for Disallow ng vi tng tc v qun l ta Stick vo qun l

tc v m ta mun chn

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Thit lp ngn URL

Thit lp lc chn cc a ch URL vi t kha

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Thit lp lc web nng cao cho nhm ngi dng vi t kha

3.3.3 M port router(NAT)

3.3.3.1 Cu hnh NAT
NAT- Network Address Translation: L chc nng chuyn tip gi tin gia 2 lp
mng khc nhau (nh chuyn tip gi tin t Internet vo my con trong mng LAN)
Vo mc NAT >> Port Redirection tin hnh cu hnh theo nhu cu s dng

Service name: tn dch v, bn c th t tn bt k.

Protocol: chn ng giao thc ca ng dng

WAN IP: chn 1.All, tc l cho php bt k WAN IP no t bn ngoi vo.

Public Port: port bn ngoi truy cp vo.

Private IP: a ch IP ca my tnh c ci ng dng (VD: my tnh lm Web Server,

my tnh kt ni vi IP Camera, my tnh VPN Server, my tnh cn remote
desktop).

Active: check vo c hiu lc.

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3.3.3.2 Cu hnh DMZ

DMZ- Demilitarized Zone: Chc nng DMZ cho php nh ngha 1 my tnh
(tch bit vi mng LAN) c cng khai "gii thiu" vi mng Internet dnh cho ng
dng c mc ch c bit nh Netmeeting, Internet Games...nhm mc ch bo v mng
LAN thot khi nhng cuc tn cng t mng Internet. Khi ngi dng bn ngoi truy
xut n ch c th xm nhp n 1 my lm DMZ ny v khng th xm nhp vo bt k
my no khc bn trong mng LAN ca bn.

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cu hnh chc nng DMZ, mc NAT SetupDMZHost Check mc Enable

kch hot chc nng ny. Bn ch nh my tnh c th bng cch nhn nt Choose PC v
chn my tnh thch hp.

3.3.3.3 Cu hnh Open port

Chc nng Open port c s dng NAT nhiu port n mt my sever trong mng
Lan.
Chc nng ny hu ch cho bn khi c mt my tnh mnh, m ng nhiu dch v
cng lc, nh va lm Mail Server, va lm Web Server, FTP Server
cu hnh vo NATOpen Ports Index 1.

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Enable chc nng v chn my server bng cch nhn nt Choose PC, sau chn
Protocol v Port tng ng

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3.3.4 Ci t Client s dng Router truy cp Internet

Ta c 2 cch ci t : Tnh hoc ng.
gi hp thoi tinh chnh :Vo StartSettingsNetworkLocal Area

conectionEnterInternet protocol(TCP/IP)PropertiesInternet
Protocol Properties.(hoc c th double- click biu tng Internet connected
thanh Tasbar v lm tng t).

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Nu ci t tnh th ta n tng my client nh a ch cho my .

Nu ci t ng th ta Enable DHCP trn router sau ta mc nh

Obitan an IP addresss automatically:

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KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

n trn l mt s kin ca ti v cng ngh ADSL. y l kt qu ca
qu trnh nghin cu, vn dng nhng kin thc c trang b trong nh trng
v cc lnh vc khc.
y l cng ngh mang tnh t ph trong ngnh cng ngh thng tin. Nh
c cng ngh ADSL m con ngi c th thc hin nhng iu cc cng ngh
mng trc y tng nh khng th thc hin c nh: hi tho Video qua
mng, phim theo yu cu, chi Game trc tuyn... Hin nay cng ngh ADSL v
nhng h cng ngh xDSL khc c s dng rng ri nc ta v cc nc
pht trin.

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T nhng u im vt tri ca cng ngh ADSL, chc chn trong tng lai
gn cng ngh ADSL s c ng dng v pht trin rng ri hn na ti Vit
Nam.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n, ti nhn c s gip tn tnh ca
thy gio on Vn Thng gip ti hon thnh tt n chuyn ngnh ny. V
thi gian lm v kin thc c hn nn n khng trnh khi nhng sai st, rt
mong s gp ca cc thy c gio v cc bn.

Xin chn thnh cm n!

Sinh vin thc hin
L Hu Nguyn Hip

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. INTERNET WORKING VI TCP/IP

Nh xut bn Gio Dc 2007

[2].Gio trnh mng my tnh - HQG t/p H Ch Minh
Tc gi: Ks. Nguyn Bnh Dng v Ths. m Quang Hng Hi
Nm xut bn: 2001
[3].Gio trnh h thng my tnh CCNA
Tc gi: Nguyn Hng Sn (ch bin)
Nh xut bn: Lao ng- X hi 2008
[4].Mng thng tin my tnh
Tc gi: Gs.Ts V Duy Li
[5].Ti liu hng dn ADSL- Cng ty NetNam
Nm xut bn: 2007
[6]. Mng my tnh v cc h thng m
Ngi dch: Nguyn Thc Hi
Nh xut bn: Gio Dc
[7]. Gio trnh mng my tnh dnh cho h chuyn vin CNTT- Trung tm o to
cng ngh cao Bch Khoa
Webside
[1]. www.quantrimang.com
[2]. www.3c.com.vn
[3]. www.haiphongit.com
[4]. www.draytek.com
[5]. www.mobifone.com.vn
[6]. www.vietteltelecom.com.vn

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KIN CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Nng, ngy........thng........ nm 2009
Ch k ca gio vin hng dn

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KIN CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Nng, ngy........thng........ nm 2009
Ch k ca gio vin phn bin

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