ORTHO 1 LEC (1) c.

ORTHODONTICS Comes from two greek words: orthos-correct or right dons-tooth or teeth Oldest specialty in the field of dentistry Le Foulon(1839) a Frenchman who was the first to used the word orthodontia Pierre Fauchard -the father of modern dentistry - had the first discussion on regulating teeth -in his publication, Treatise in Dentistry in 1728, he discussed the bandelette which is now called the expansion arch. Edward H. Angle -father of Orthodontics -founded the Angle School of Orthodontia in 1900 Is the oldest branch of dentistry that deals with the study of: - growth of the craniofacial complex - development of occlusion - treatment of dentofacial abnormalities (teeth, maxilla, and mandible only) 1. 2. 3. growth and development of the craniofacial complex bone system growth and development of dentition and occlusion tooth system neuromuscular maturation

-All surfaces of the teeth and also tongue Flossing- for inter-proximal areas

Fluoridization and fluoridation Fluoridization- application of fluoride by topical application on all surfaces of the teeth. -Done by the dentist -Fluoride gels and varnish Fluoridation- is the systemic application if fluoride. -Supplement in the form of vitamins (polyvisor, polyviflor, emphaflor). Fluorosis- chalky white teeth caused by excessive amount of fluoride and fluoride concentration in the water supply. Fluoride- lessens the incidence of carious lesion by 40% ( 60% in children). -Can remineralize early signs of carious lesions (insipient carious lesions)

d. Application of pit and fissure sealant *Toothbrushing should be supervised by an adult until the child reach 9 years old. *Start brushing the teeth when the 1st deciduous tooth erupted (Mand. Central Incisor) e. Proper Restoration of the correct mesiodital width of the tooth A space in between two teeth, the proximal contact is lost which results to drifting that lessens the arch perimeter/circumference (malocclusion) which can be prevented by space maintainers. Crown and crib space maintainerwhen the anchor tooth has carious lesion or undergone pulp treatment. Band and crib- use of molar bands Mandibul.ar holding arch or lower lingual holding arch bilateral loss or space. Nance appliance space maintainerused when there is multiple or bilateral loss of dec. molars in the maxilla. The best space maintainer is a wellrestored deciduous tooth. Early correction of abnormal oral habits Thumbsucking habits Protruded teeth (upper goes forward, lower backward -> anterior open bite) Deepening of the palatal wall Narrowing of the arch Lingually inverted teeth Palatal crib is constructed which is a habit correcting appliance for thumbsucking habits. Orthodontic nipple Can also be under Interceptive Orthodontics if failure to do preventive measures has lead to any abnormality. Lip biting Nail biting Bruxism or night grinding night guard

CATEGORIES OF ORTHODONTICS 1. 2. 3. Preventive Orthodontics Interceptive Orthodontics Corrective Orthodontics a. Limited Corrective Orthodontics b. Extensive Corrective Orthodontics

f.

CATEGORIES OF ORTHODONTICS 1. Preventive Orthodontics procedures that maintain the existing normal occlusion at a point of time so that no abnormality will happen in the future. Example: space maintainer maintains the space between the teeth during early removal of deciduous teeth for the preparation for the eruption of the permanent teeth. Procedures : a. Regular dental check-up Every 6 months b. Proper toothbrushing Toothbrushing- 2 mins. (3x a day) -Soft bristled toothbrush -Up & down movement

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Interceptive Orthodontics Includes procedures that allow early detection and correction of potential irregularities in the developing dentofacial complex. There is an initial formation of abnormality. To prevent the severe and further malocclusion. To correct at once a full-blown malocclusion.

a. b. c. d.

e. f. g. h.

Serial Extraction To allow normal alignment of teeth Extract at different times and different teeth Series of extraction according to the ages of eruption of each permanent teeth Extract a tooth or teeth to align other teeth in the dental arch Use of chin cup for developing mandibular prognation (mandible grows more forward) Use of head gear for developing maxillary protrusion Use of face mask for developing mandibular prognatism and maxillary growth deficiency (retard mandibular growth and prolong the growth of maxilla) Properly timed removal of deciduous tooth Permanent incisors would erupt lingual to the deciduous predecessors (behind deciduous teeth) Will result to anterior cross bite due to prolonged presence of the deciduous teeth. Recognizing the discrepancy between the tooth material and the space available in the dental arch through Mixed Dentition Analysis (MDA). Use of expansion arch Correction of abnormal oral habits

3.

Corrective Orthodontics Recognizes the existence of malocclusion and the for employing certain technical procedures to reduce or eliminate the problem and the effects. a. Limited Corrective Orthodontics Use of bite plane- deepbite (excessive overbite) Bite plane- would raise the bite Excessive opening of the bite will result to an anterior open bite due to prolonged use of bite plane. Mandibular inclined plane- anterior Cross bite (Class 1 type3) Use of space regainer to bring back lost space- an active ortho appliance There is force and tooth movement Space maintainer- no movement and no force (passive Ortho appliance). b. Extensive Corrective Orthodontics With the use of braces Services of an orthodontic specialist