RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER The Relationship Between the Circumference and the Diameter of Circular Objects

Shiv M. Patel Taft College

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER Abstract In this experiment, I measured the circumference and diameter of 25 circular objects. I then divide the circumference by the diameter to get pi. The students of the statistic course collected the data. I look at the relationships among all the measured objects circumference, diameter, and pi. The purpose of this experiment is to see if there is a relationship between the circumference and the diameter of circular objects. My hypothesis is that there is a relationship between the circumference and the diameter.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER Introduction People need an easier and more accurate way to calculate the circumference and diameter of a circular object. Measuring the diameter and circumference by hand is not always accurate. There must be an easier way to calculate one or the other. If we want to do this, we must first look and see if there is a relationship between the circumference and diameter. The students of the statistics course acquired the measurements of circumference and diameter by hand. After getting the measurements, I divided the circumference by the diameter to get pi and see if a relationship exists.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER Method The students of the statistics course measured 391 circular objects. I had to narrow that list down to a sample of 25 objects. I used 1-in-k random sampling. N=391.

n=25. k=N/n. 391/25=15.64. k is about 16. RandInt(1,16,1)=15. I got every fifteenth digit from each set of 16. I found which object those numbers corresponded to. 1-in-k is the best way to represent the population or the class because is evenly chooses throughout the class to get 25 samples. The following are the objects that were chosen after using the 1-in-k random sampling and how the circumference and diameter of each one was measured: Quarter using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the quarter, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Garbanzo using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the garbanzo, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Dr. Pepper Can using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the can, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Mug using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the mug, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. A penny using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the penny, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Quarter using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the quarter, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Soda can using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the can, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Spray bottle using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the bottle, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Dime using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the dime, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER

with the ruler. Axe spray using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the spray, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Chapstick using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the chapstick, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Curling iron using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the curling iron, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Hot sauce bottle using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the bottle, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Coaster using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the coaster, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Nerf ball using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the ball, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Soda can using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the can, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Medium pot using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the pot, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Bottle of Ciroc using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the bottle, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Can of soup lid using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the lid, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Bottle cap using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the cap, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Rubber band using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the rubber band, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Coffee jar using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the jar, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Yo-Yo using a string and ruler by wrapping the string around the yo-yo, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler. Quarter using a

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER string and ruler by wrapping the string around the quarter, measuring the string, and measuring the diameter with the ruler.

I entered all the circumferences and diameters into separate lists in my calculator. I made the pi list by dividing the circumference by diameter. I then used 1-Var Stats in my calculator to find the summary statistics for all the lists. I must find the 95% confidence interval of the mean to see the relationship between circumference and diameter. To find the 95% confidence interval for pi, I used TInterval because the Central Limit Theorem applies. n has to be greater than 20. n is 25.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER Results Summary Statistics Circumference: mean is 8.9092. Minimum is 1. 1st quartile is 2.8875. Median is 8. 3rd quartile is 12.15. Maximum is 25. Diameter: mean is 2.9005. Minimum is .59375. 1st quartile is 1.475. Median is 2.5. 3rd quartile is 3.45. Maximum is 7.75 Pi ratio: mean is 3.1577. Minimum is 0.3333. 1st quartile is 3.1225. Median is 3.2. 3rd quartile is 3.3556. Maximum is 6.28 The 95% confidence interval for pi is [2.7816, 3.6238]

I can say, with 95% confidence that the true mean for pi lies between 2.7816 and 3.6238.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER Circumference Histogram Diameter Histogram

Freq

Freq

Circumference Values The data is skewed right.

Diameter Values The data distribution is similar to the Circumference values. The data is skewed right.

Pi Histogram

Freq

Pi Values Unlike the data of the circumference and diameter, the pi data is mound shaped symmetrical. There are a couple outliers above and below the rest of the data. Most of the data lies within the middle two sections.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER Discussion The histograms of circumference and diameter look similar and both are skewed

right. This means that the data distribution is similar. Since the data is shaped the same I, I can say that most of the circumferences and diameters are proportionate of each other. We can find that proportion by dividing circumference by the diameter. The histogram of pi was bell-shaped symmetrical. Most of the values were in the middle sections. There were a couple of outliers but those most likely resulted from errors made when the objects were measured. With 95% confidence, the true mean of pi lies between 2.7816 and 3.6238. This is a small interval for the true mean, which suggests that the circumferences and diameters of circular objects share a similar proportion. There is most likely a relationship between the circumference and diameter.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER References Jean, B., Meyers, D. and Sporer, R. (2004). Data Analysis: An Applied Approach to Statistics With Technology (Third ed.). United States of America: 3ringpublishing.com

10

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERNCE AND DIAMETER Raw Data

11