Reservoir Engineering II (PCB2053) Assignment 2 MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATIONS & APPLICATIONS

Due date: 19 July 2012 during class hour

1.

An undersaturated reservoir containing 4,843 Mstb of OIIP is discovered at 4,300 psia. At the bubble point pressure of 2,900 psia, 100 Mstb of oil have been produced. Assuming that all of the solution gas with its compliment of oil is produced, how much oil would the reservoir produce by the time the pressure declines to 2, 000 psia? The PVT data are in the following table. Pressure (psia) 2,000 2,900 4,300 Bo (rvb/stb) 1.36 1.42 1.40 Bg (rvb/Mscf) 1.14 1.03 0.87 Rs (Mscf/stb) 0.73 0.94 0.94

2. For an undersaturated reservoir above the bubble point, Pb, show that the overall compressibility of the formation (cf), connate water (cw) and oil (co) can be summarized as

C effective =

co S o + c w S wc + c f So

3. 80 Mstb of oil and 60 MMscf of gas have been produced from a reservoir discovered at a pressure of 4,200 psia., and the reservoir is currently at a pressure of 3,400 psia. Two descriptions of the reservoir have been proposed. The first description states that there are 245 Mstb of oil in place with a gas cap containing 1000 MMscf. The second description indicates that there are 675 Mstb of initial oil in place and 1,500 MMscf of gas in place. Which description is correct? PVT data are in the following table. Pressure (psia) 3,400 4,200 Oil formation vol. factor, Bo (rvb/stb) 1.28 1.34 Gas formation vol. factor, Bg (rvb/Mscf) 0.89 0.86 Solution gas-oil ratio Rs (Mscf/stb) 0.900 1.250

Reservoir Engineering II (PCB2053) 4. An undersaturated reservoir, which was discovered at initial pressure of 3685 psi has the following properties. Additionally,the field production and PVT data are shown in the following table. Using the straight line MBE (Havlena & Odeh method), determine the OIIP. Swi = 24% cw = 3.62 X 10-6 psi-1 cf = 4.95 X 10-6 psi-1 Bw = 1.0 res bbl/stb Pb = 1500 psi Avg Pres (psi) 3685 3680 3676 3667 3664 3640 3605 3567 3515 3448 3360 3275 3188 Bo (res bbl/stb) 1.3102 1.3104 1.3104 1.3105 1.3105 1.3109 1.3116 1.3122 1.3128 1.3130 1.3150 1.3160 1.3170 Np (Mstb) 0 20.481 34.750 78.557 101.846 215.681 364.613 542.985 841.591 1273.530 1691.887 2127.077 2575.330 Wp (Mstb) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.159 0.805 2.579 5.008 6.500 8.000

5. The production history and the PVT data of a gas-cap drive reservoir are given in TABLE 1 below. Table 1 Avg reservoir Bg (bbl/scf) Pressure Np Gp Bt (Mstb) (Mscf) (res bbl/stb) (psi) 4415 1.6291 0.00431 3875 492.5 751.3 1.6839 0.00445 3315 1015.7 2409.6 1.7835 0.00490 2845 1322.5 3901.6 1.9110 0.00556 The initial gas solubility is 975 scf/stb. Determine the amount of oil and gas initially in place (OIIP & GIIP respectively). State assumptions in your calculations. Hint: plot of F/Eo vs. Eg/Eo.

Reservoir Engineering II (PCB2053) APPENDIX: General form of MBE and its Applications

Bg N Bo + (R p Rs )B g + W p Bw = N (Bo Boi ) + (Rsi Rs )B g + mNBoi 1 + B gi

c S + ct N (1 + m )Boi w wi 1+ S wi

P + We + Winj Bw + Ginj B ginj

Straight-line MBE as proposed by Havlena & Odeh

F = N Eo + mE g + E f , w + (We + Winj Bw + Ginj Binj ) , where,

m is the ratio of initial gas-cap gas reservoir vol. to initial reservoir oil vol., m = F is the underground withdrawal, F = N p Bo + R p R s B g + W p B w Eo is the expansion of oil and originally dissolved gas, E o = (Bo Boi ) + (R si R s )B g Eg is the expansion of gas-cap gas, E g = Boi

GB gi NBoi

[(

) )]

1 B gi Bg

Ef,w is the expansion of connate water and rock matrix, E f , w = (1 m) Boi Undersaturated oil reservoir

cw S wc + c f P 1 S wc

F = N Eo + E f , w (without water encroachment)

Saturated oil reservoir

F = N [E o ] (water and rock expansion is small in comparison with soln. gas expansion)
Gas- cap drive reservoir

F = N E o + mE g (without water encroachment & negligible water and rock expansion)

Water drive reservoirs

F = N E o + mE g + We (negligible water and rock expansion)