Cancer
Definition of Cancer Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells proliferate abnormally, Ignoring growth regulation signals in the environment surrounding the cells. Etiology of Cancer Physical Agents o Radiation o Exposure to Irritants o Exposure to sunlight o Altitude, humidity Chemical Agents o Smoking o Dietary ingredients o Drugs Genetics and Family History o Colon Cancer o Premenopausal breast cancer Dietary Habits o Low-Fiber o High-Fat o Processed Foods o Alcohol Viruses and Bacteria o DNA Viruses Hepa B, Herpes, Eipstein Bar Virus o CytomegaloVirus, Human Papilloma Virus o RNA Viruses, HIV, Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I o Bacterium H. pylori
F.A.C.T.O.R.S. F A C T O R S Frequent Irritation Acquired Genes Chemical carcinogens, drugs and cigarette Trauma Oncoviruses Radiation Suppressed Immune System
American Cancer Society 9 Warning Signals of Cancer C A U T I O N U S Change in bowel/bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual Bleeding Thickening or lump in the breast Indigestion Obvious change in warts Nagging cough and hoarseness Unexplained anemia Sudden weight loss
Cancer Therapy Goals of Cancer Therapy Cure Client will be disease free and live normal expectancy Control Cancer not cured but controlled by therapy over long periods of time Palliative Cure and control not possible but maintain as high quality for the client
Oncologic Nursing Management Maintain tissue integrity Management of stomatitis Management of alopecia Promote nutrition Relieve pain Decrease fatigue Improve body image Assist in the grieving process Manage complications
Nursing Care of Terminally Ill Patient Directed towards making the patient physically and psychologically as comfortable as possible Nutrition o High Calorie and protein diet o Small frequent feedings o Fluids intake, 1000-1500ml above the normal Activity o Prevent tissue breakdown and vascular complications Frequent turning, skin massagem air mattresses Active and Passive ROM Observe for toxic reactions to treatment Supportive measures and drugs for pain relief Maintain open communication with patient and family Control of odor
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
In-Situ Carcinoma
Quiz 1. It is a group of diseases in which cells proliferate abnormally, Ignoring growth regulation signals in the environment surrounding the cells. 2-4. Give 3 Etiologies of cancer 5-9. Give 5 warning signs of cancer 10. Give 1 goal of cancer therapy 11-15. Give 5 nursing managements for cancer patients