DSTATCOM BASED VOLTAGE SAG MITIGATION AND HARMONICS SUPPRESSION USING SYNCHRONOUS REFERENCE FRAME THEORY LITERATURE SURVEY

Tejas Zaveri, et.al (2011), described a novel approach based on an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component theory for generating reference currents for distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). An improved instantaneous active and reactive current component theory, the compensating currents are obtained from the instantaneous active and reactive current components of the load. Load currents in stationary reference frame are obtained by applying Clarkes transformation. Load currents in rotating (dq) reference frame are obtained by applying Parks transformation. Linear unbalanced load is realized by star connected resistiveinductive load whereas non-linear load is simulated by three-phase rectifier with RLC load. The proposed scheme is capable to achieve power factor correction, balancing of source currents and reduction in source VA rating compared to uncompensated case, effectively, under various source conditions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed technique is accurate and robust for a wide variation in source and load conditions. Bhim Singh, et.al (2011), described a new control approach for capacitor supported DSTATCOM in three-phase four wire distribution system under non-ideal supply voltage conditions based on synchronous reference frame theory. a control approach based on synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory is used under non-sinusoidal supply conditions for the three phase four-leg VSC based DSTATCOM system. The DSTATCOM consists of a 4-leg pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source converter using eight insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), four interface inductors, and a DC capacitor. Performance of DSTATCOM with non-linear load for harmonic compensation, load balancing and UPF operation. The control approach has compensated the neutral and harmonic currents, reactive power, terminal voltage as well as unbalanced load and the linear load for neutral current compensation, load balancing and ZVR operation. DSTATCOM is almost maintained to the reference value under all disturbances.

Tejas Zaveri, et.al (2012), described a Distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for balancing of source currents, power factor correction and harmonic mitigation in three-phase,

three-wire distribution system supplying delta connected load under various source voltage conditions. DSTATCOM has been used extensively for reactive power compensation,

balancing of source currents and harmonic compensation in the distribution system. Improved instantaneous active and reactive current component method has used. . An improved instantaneous active and reactive current component theory, the compensating currents are obtained from the instantaneous active and reactive current components of the load. Load currents in stationary reference frame are obtained by applying Clarkes transformation. Load currents in rotating (dq) reference frame are obtained by applying Parks transformation.Control algorithm is validated using MATLAB/SIMPOWER software. Linear load is realized by resistive-inductive load whereas non-linear load is simulated by three-phase rectifier with RLC load. It has been observed from simulation results that the uncompensated source current and the source voltage of the respective phase are not in alignment for linear as well as non-linear load under various source voltage conditions. Therefore, source has to supply reactive power if compensator is not available. Further, uncompensated source currents are unbalanced. In addition, source currents without compensation are highly distorted in case of non-linear unbalanced load. The proposed scheme is capable to restrict THD of source current within IEEE519 standard harmonic current limits under any condition of use. An Luo, et.al (2011), described the negative sequence equivalent circuit of DSTATCOM in unbalanced distribution networks. A new control model of negative sequence voltage without current sensors based on instantaneous power balancing algorithm is deduced. To compensate for balanced and unbalanced voltages, a new cascade voltage loop control strategy, the negative sequence voltage control loop is parallel to the positive sequence voltage loop, is used The DSTATCOM output voltage command is directly obtained from the bus voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) and the DC-side voltage via a simple algebraic algorithm based on power balance equation. In addition, the implementation costs can be reduced since current sensors are not required. DSTATCOM device is used to regulate and balance voltage in the distribution network, which is based on a PWM controlled voltage source converter (VSC) and connected to the distribution network through a LC filter. The results demonstrate good performance in balancing the voltage along with enhancing the power factor.

Georgios Karmiris, et.al (2012), described a novel control scheme for a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) aimed at mitigating voltage sag at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). A dq reference frame for the decoupling of active and reactive current components has used to derive the reference signal for produce a switching pulse for STATCOM. To achieve multifunction operation of the DSTATCOM, a selection algorithm has used. The first one is called voltage sag mitigation. This function generates the appropriate reference signals in such a way that the DSTATCOM injects reactive current at the PCC. The second function is called current harmonics elimination. This function creates reference current which contains the harmonic components of the load current. The DSTATCOM controller is based on a three phase three level VSI with flying capacitors. The control algorithm chooses current harmonics elimination control when the amplitude of the voltage at PCC is close to unity (Vs > 0.98 pu), while in case of the voltage drop i.e. (Vs = 0.98 pu) the voltage sag mitigation control is selected. The switching pattern generation which has been chosen to generate the switching pulses is the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique. The output of the SPWM triggers the IGBTs of the multilevel inverter. From this study the selection algorithm more suitable for both harmonics elimination and voltage sag mitigation. An Luo, et.al (2009), described a combined system of static VAR compensator (SVC) and active power filter (APF) was proposed. The system has the function of power factor correction, voltage stability, and harmonic suppression. The SVC, which consists of deltaconnected thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) and Y connected passive power filter (PPF), is mainly for voltage stability and power factor correction. APF is used to filter harmonics generated by the nonlinear load and the TCR in the SVC and to suppress possible resonance between the grid and the PPFs. An optimal nonlinear proportional integral control was proposed to improve the dynamic response and decrease the steady-state error of the SVC. This method can eliminate harmonics generated by nonlinear loads and the TCR and compensate reactive power dynamically, as well as suppress the possibility of resonance between the SVC and the grid. Bhim Singh, et.al (2010), described a simple electricity generating system for supply electricity in remote areas. Here extraction of the petroleum products under the sea was

discussed. A major drawback of SEIG is its poor voltage regulation, as the voltage drops considerably with load in the absence of a regulator. This problem was deal with STATic COMpensator (STATCOM). The STATCOM consists of a three phase insulated-gate bipolartransistor (IGBT)-based current controlled voltage-source inverter (CC-VSI), DC bus capacitor, and AC inductors. The SEIGSTATCOM system with static and dynamic loads is simulated under various loading conditions. The STATCOM has the advantages of harmonic-free sinusoidal voltage and maintain constant voltage at the terminals of SEIG, and, hence, the consumer gets good quality supply. Kenichiro Sano, et.al (2012), described a cascaded multilevel converter which has multiple DC voltage values for a 6.6-kV transformerless distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM). The existing D-STATCOM is equipped with a step-down transformer and an AC filter. In this case, the transformer and the filter inductors make the STATCOM bulky and heavy. In this purpose Cascaded multilevel converters have been studied to realize a small and lightweight STATCOM.A three-phase downscaled STATCOM rated at 220 V and 10 kVA was built and tested. Si-MOSFETs (rated at 250 V for HV cells, 100 V for MV cells, and 60 V for LV cells) were applied to the circuit instead of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). A downscaled experimental model rated at 220 V and 10 kVA was built and tested. The experimental results proved the stable operation in the startup, steady state, and output power change. Fundamental fault ride through capability was also verified by the experiments. P. Salmern, et.al (2010), described control algorithm for a three-phase hybrid power filter. Here a series active filter and a passive filter connected in parallel with the load. The control strategy is based on the vectorial theory dual formulation of instantaneous reactive power, so that the voltage waveform injected by the active filter is able to compensate the reactive power and the load current harmonics and to balance asymmetrical loads. the proposed control algorithm, the active filter improves the harmonic compensation features of the passive filter improve the power factor of the load. Simulations with the MATLAB-Simulink platform were performed with different loads and with variation in the source impedance. Gaurav Kumar Kasal, et.al (2008), described decoupled voltage and frequency controller (DVFC) for an isolated asynchronous generator (IAG) to control the voltage and

frequeny at generator terminal independently. Here STATCOM and electronic load controller (ELC) are used to control the voltage and frequency. This controller functions in

decoupled manner to regulate the voltage and frequency. For regulating the voltage, it controls the reactive power while the frequency is controlled through active power control and it functions as a decoupled voltage and frequency controller (DVFC). The DVFC is a combination of a STATCOM and an ELC. The STATCOM is functioning as a voltage regulator, a neutral current compensator, and a load balancer and the ELC is used to maintain the constant power at generator terminals, which regulates the frequency of the system. The generated voltage and frequency are not affected and remain constant during the changes in consumer loads due to STATCOM. This method was reduced excitation capacitor size and also suitable for the voltage and frequency control along with load balancing, neutral current compensation. From the literature survey various methods are discussed for power quality improvement in distribution system. Active power filter and passive power filter having limitation on size, cost, mistuning, instability and difficulty to use in high voltage grid. This problems are overcome by STATCOM with the help of higher rating component innovate in power electronics industries. In this project deals the power quality problems with the help of DSTATCOM.