TEE ANALYSIS AF ::;'':'.

"LY

DETERMINATE STRUCTI]RES

\ow it will be remembered that a pure moment, =lled a couple, can be represented by two equal :^ d op po sire pa r allel J or c es ar a dls r anc e ap a r t . ,. lhis diagram we have the forces ar a olslance : grvlng a moment tv : F x d.

:-

-3: us now consider the moment of this couple ::cur two points, A and B in the plane. :::rsidering Iirst the point A we see that as ---,=Cownward force tr passes through A it wiil -Eie no moment about A and all that remains ::::e ::.ae r anticlockwise moment ol the upward = at a distance d. The moment about Considering

-: YA = a x d anticlockwise.

:_e:oinl :*e:olnr

B the upward forces pass through and the only moment is caused by

:*e :tr\r'n*ard force r at distance d. This :--:.. i ves an anticlockwise moment

f,"^-- o) ( &". r , 1-

.s

-. :o,* consider rhe moment about a point C a-=:_,ae: from the line oJ action oJ the upward -:: ::r=:r:E'e can also find the total moment of our = about this point. For the downward force

: =-e -5 an arriclockwtse momenr due to rhe j plus e, and for the upward force F a ]:1:.:::i. :-\:cra.,= :roment due to the lever arm e. -as*-:-: ie =omenr 4 The

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I

is the force F multiplied by C j. still, of course, anticlockwise. :F_-:a:;oa :aie shovn is one oJ the most powerful

{'+:: < - q)

'l

e.

.) rl -Fo

I_': r: i,=

:: ,-:-..::-:.al ar aly s is . nam ely t hat . as a c o u p l e :noment about any point in the plane,

],as :- =-e

].e ?:r*--:r:ri:. cf a structure will require that the 'r:ra -,:r-3::: cf all Jorces must be zero about any !t!r-: - ---e :iare. _':a :r:rsiCer an actual structure. The beam ABCD -r* J s 3,Trc:r i,5!-!-!ed at A and B and loaded at C. We shall E!'*r=:-E .::ec-!s of any self-weight and only study those :j.tc :: :-E ::a-ied load t/.

UNDERS'IANDI N G STRUCTURAL A.VAIY5I5

We can start the qualitative analysisof the structure by observingthat since there must be equilibrium of momentsabout the supportA the only lorce which can balance the clockwise moment of the load t1l C will be at an upward support reaction at B, giving the necessary anticlockwise moment. Furthermore, since the support is on rollers, only a vertical lorce yB can act at this point.

1 4 . As the lorce 1/Bhas to produce a moment about A balancing that of the load , we can observe that it will have to have a magnitude greater than t/ because its lever arm about A is less. Thus if there is to be equilibrium of vertical forces, the vertical support reaction yA at A will necessarily be a downward force to balance the excess of yB over ff.

tr."
15.

Ve can also usethe requirementthat momentssum to zero about any point in spaceto confirm this result. Taking moments about B we observethat there is a clockwise moment due to the load ,1rat C. A balancing anticlockwise momJnt is required. Thus yA must act

Mv46o;

downwards.

16.

Lastly, we should observe that as neither the force kr nor the reaction yB has a horizontal componentthe requirementof horizontalequilibriumensures that the horizontalsuDport reaction at A is zeto.