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TUGAS KLIPING

INCREMENTAL ENCODER

OLEH :

NAMA NIM MK

: SLAMET : 1007021676 : SENSOR dan TRANSDUSER

TEKNIK ELEKTRO D3 FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS RIAU PEKANBARU 2012

Incremental rotary encoder


Instrumen incremental rotary encoder atau dikenal juga sebagai incremental shaft encoder adalah salah satu tipe dari peralatan encoder yang memberikan keluaran dalam format digital. Hal ini menyebabkan instrumen sejenis ini lebih nyaman digunakan pada aplikasi pengontrolan yang menggunakan komputer, sebagaimana pengukuran dibutuhkan dalam bentuk digital. Oleh karena itu, proses konversi dari sinyal analog ke digital tidak perlu lagi dilakukan. Instrumen ini banyak digunakan dalam industri terutama pada mesin-mesin seperti mesin pengemasan, tangan robot, pengontrol gerakan motor derek, mesin penggiling. Biasanya instrumen ini digunakan dalam menghitung sudut, posisi, revolusi, kecepatan, akselerasi dan jarak. Ada beberapa macam jenis incremental rotary encoder yang telah dikembangkan seperti jenis magnetis, kontak, resistif dan optis. Konsep Dasar Instrumen Incremental Rotary Encoder Konsep dasar operasi instrumen incremental rotary encoder adalah instrumen ini mengukur nilai sesaat posisi angular dari sebuah shaft yang sedang berotasi dan menghasilkan pulsa-pulsa pada channel-channel-nya. Pulsa-pulsa yang dihasilkan ini berbentuk gelombang square. Instrumen incremental rotary encoder biasanya memiliki tiga buah sinyal keluaran, yaitu sinyal A, sinyal B, dan sinyal Z, ditunjukkan dalam gambar 1. Untuk sinyal A dan sinyal B, masing-masing sinyal keluaran tersebut saling quadrature yang berarti terjadi pergeseran fasa 90 derajat satu sama lain. Kedua sinyal tersebut selain memberikan nilai posisi shaft dari encoder, juga mampu menyediakan informasi mengenai arah putaran dari shaft misalnya berputar searah jarum jam atau berputar berlawanan arah jarum jam. Hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan hubungan antara sinyal A dan sinyal B adalah bahwa pergeseran fasa satu sama lain antara kedua sinyal tersebut harus berada dalam batas toleransi yang dapat diterima biasanya tidak melebihi 90 derajat sehingga proses perhitungan dapat berlangsung dengan akurat.

Untuk kebanyakan peralatan mesin motor atau aplikasi positioning, sinyal Z dikenal sebagai index signal, yang memiliki peranan penting dalam menentukan zero position dengan cara memberikan sebuah pulsa keluaran tunggal per satu revolusi.

Gambar 1 Tiga Buah Sinyal Keluran Encoder

TKW25 Incremental Encoder


Mechanical Specifications
Dimensions: see drawings Shaft: stainless steel Shaft loading: axial: 10 N; radial 20 N Shaft rotational speed: 10.000 RPM to short cycle time; 6.000 RPM continuous Starting torque at 25C: 0,005 Nm Moment of inertia: 6 g cm2 Bearings life: 5 x 109 rev. min. Weight: 0.23 kg

Electrical Specifications
Output frequency: up to 50 kHz Synchronous index output: on A default; B - A+B optional Supply current without load: 100 mA max. Protection: short circuit protection, no limit duration (only output LD2 and PP2); against inversion of polarity (except 5Vcc)

Materials
Flange: aluminium S11 Housing: Polyamid 6 (PA6)

Environmental Specifications
Operating temperature range: -10C +70C Storage temperature range: -30C +80C Relative humidity : 98% RH without condensing Vibrations: 10 g (From 10 up to 2.000 Hz) Schock: 20 g (for 11 ms)

Incremental Rotary Pulse Encoder GEL


General Information These incremental rotary pulse encoders have been specially designed for the needs of rail vehicle applications. The multi-channel encoder (pulse generator) has been designed to provide independent output signals for different control electronics such as motor speed control, wheel slide protection, automatic train protection, distance evaluation or to provide redundant signals for safety requirements.

Features

Magnetic measuring principle: robust and durable, resistent to dirt, oil and condensation. 1 to 8 channels Up to three different pulse numbers from one encoder Up to 400 pulses per revolution Signal channels can be optionally electrically separated for different control electronics Voltage and current signal channels Phase separation between channels freely selectable (e.g. 90 for additional direction of rotation evaluation) Highly accurate signal duty cycle and phase relationship Selection of flanges available Version with torque arm for mounting directly on the wheel Protection class IP 67

The flexible modular design of the multi-channel encoders make them ideal for not only new project requiring state of the art technology but also for retrofitting existing vehicles.

Functional Description Inside the multi-channel encoder is a metal structure attached to the encoder shaft. The structure is scanned by one or more magnetic sensors. The electronic circuit generates electrical pulses giving output signals in the form of square waves with pre-defined voltage or current level. The output frequency is proportional to the rotational speed of the shaft. The signals are evaluated in the vehicle control electronics.

The use of a magnetic sensor system contributes significantly to the suitability of this encoder for the rigors of rail vehicle applications. The sensors are resistant to adverse conditions such as ingress of dirt, oil or moisture or by condensation due to temperature changes. The heavy duty design of the encoder includes bearings that have been specially selected to ensure a maintenance free long life in the harshest of environments. The metal structure used are particularly rigid to withstand even extreme shocks and vibrations. Multiple channels From one to eight signal channel outputs are available. These can be arranged as single channels or in groups of channels with a fixed phase relationship. A typical arrangement is a group of two sensors 90 electrically separated for additional direction of travel detection. Other phase separations are possible such as three sensors 120 electrically separated. Combinations of groups are possible such as one single channel plus a group of two sensors 90 separated. The channels can all be on a common supply voltage or, if required the groups of channels can be electrically isolated with different supply voltages between 10 and 30 V DC. The encoder is designed to provide up to three different pulse numbers. The pulse numbers can be freely assigned to the output channels or channel groups.

An example of a combination of channels and pulse numbers: Motor speed feedback: 2 channels with 90 (elec.) separation 110 pulses per revolution, 24 V DC supply voltage. Wheel slide protection: 1 channel, 55 pulses per revolution 15 V DC supply voltage. Automatic train protection: 1 channel, 200 pulses per revolution 15 V DC supply voltage.

TK15 Incremental Encoder


Mechanical Specifications
Dimensions: see drawings Shaft: stainless steel Shaft loading: axial: 5 N; radial 5 N Shaft rotational speed: 10.000 RPM to short cycle time; 6.000 RPM continuous Sarting torque at 25C: 0,005 Nm Moment of inertia: 6 g cm2 Bearings life: 5 x rev. min. Weight: 0.1 kg

Electrical Specifications
Output frequency: up to 150 kHz Synchronous index output: on A Supply current without load: 100 mA max. Protection: short circuit protection, no limit duration (only LD2 and PP2); against inversion of polarity (except 5Vcc)

Materials
Flange: aluminium S11 Housing: Polyamid 6 (PA6)

Environmental Specifications
Operating temperature range: -10C +70C Storage temperature range: -30C 80C Relative humidity: 98% RH without condensing Vibrations: 10 g (From 10 up to 2.000 Hz) Shock: 20 g (for 11 ms) Shock: 20 g

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