Chapter 13: Organic Chemistry

1. In comparison with organic compounds in general, most inorganic compounds . are more stable when heated 2. Alkane molecules have only single carbon-carbon bonds. 3. Methane is not present in gasoline. 4. A variety of alkanes is found in gasoline. 5. The alkanes in petroleum can be partly separated by . fractional distillation.

6. Each dash in the structural formula of an organic molecule represents a shared electron pair.

7. The isomers of a compound have different structures.

8. The number of covalent bonds possible between two carbon atoms in an organic molecule is 1, 2, or 3.

9. A double bond between two carbon atoms involves the sharing of a total of 4 electrons.

10. A molecule in which three bonds occur between carbon atoms is C2H2.

11. Which of the following compounds cannot exist? C2H3 C4H8

12. The bonds between the atoms in a molecule of a saturated organic compound are all single.

13. In comparison with hydrocarbon molecules that have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, hydrocarbon molecules with only single bonds are in general less reactive.

14. The number of carbon atoms in a benzene ring is . 6.

15. The number of electrons shared among the carbon atoms in a benzene ring is 1.

16. In organic chemistry, an aromatic compound . has benzene rings in its molecules.

17. The structural formula of the methyl group is:

18. The process by which small molecules join together to form larger ones is called polymerization.

19. The alcohols are organic equivalents of inorganic bases..

20. Ethanol has OH groups in its molecules.

21. An organic acid molecule contains one or more carboxyl groups whose molecular formula is COOH.

22. Of the following acids, the one that dissociates least in water solution is . B. acetic.

23. The reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid produces an ester.

24. The structural elements of a polymer are called monomers.

25. Nylon is an example of a . a polymer.

26. The structural elements of a polyester such as Dacron have ester linkages between them.

27. The unique properties of Teflon, which is composed of carbon and fluorine, arise from the strength of . C - F bonds.

28. Photosynthesis produces . carbohydrates..

29. In photosynthesis, chlorophyll acts to both catalyze and provide energy to the process. 30. The average efficiency of photosynthesis in utilizing solar energy is . 1 percent.

31. The oxygen in the earth's atmosphere comes from photosynthesis.

32. Which of the following is not a carbohydrate? DNA

33. Plants store energy in the form of starch.

34. Fermentation can convert sugar to carbon dioxide and methanol.

35. The oxidation of glucose does not yield . oxygen.

36. Cellulose is a carbohydrate.

37. Animal cells do not contain starch.

38. Amino acids are the basic units of . proteins.

39. Nitrogen is needed by plants mainly to manufacture proteins.

40. Muscles consist mainly of proteins.

41. Compared with their carbohydrate content, living cells contain . more protein.

42. The mass of fat needed to provide an animal with as much energy as 1 g of carbohydrate is about 0.5 g.

43. A transplanted body tissue or organ is "rejected" by the recipient's body when the donor and recipient have different . . proteins.

44. A double helix structure is characteristic of DNA.

45. DNA controls the development and functioning of a cell by governing its manufacture of proteins. 46. The number of genes in the human genome seems to be . 20,00025,000.