Questions? Power
LECTURE 11:
Politics
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OBJECTIVES
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Evaluate how much power someone has, the source of their power and how effective their power is at influencing others. Determine why we use empowerment and when its less useful Identify types of political activities
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Power
5 6
Person A
Dependency
Person B
Power
Capacity that A has to influence the behaviour of B so that B acts in accordance with As wishes
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Coercive Power
Reward Power
Referent Power
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Expert Power
Legitimate Power
Information Power
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Influence Tactics
10 11
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation Ingratiation Personal appeals Exchange Coalitions Pressure Legitimacy
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Resistance
Compliance
Commitment
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Responses to Power
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Compliance
You control things viewed as important Your resources are perceived as scarce Your resources have few or no substitutes
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Empowerment
14 16
Stages of Empowerment
SelfManagement Participatory Empowerment No Discretion
What is it?
The freedom and the ability of employees to make decisions and commitments Increases job satisfaction, efficiency and productivity
Why do it?
Any drawbacks?
Some people dont want to be empowered! Depends on personality and needs Can increase stress
There must be a clear definition of the values and mission of the company Company must help employees acquire the relevant skills Employees need to be supported in their decision making, and not criticized when they try to do something extraordinary Employees need to be recognized for their efforts
Workplace Bullying
Bullying can happen across levels of the organization, or among co-workers Unwelcome behaviour of a sexual nature in the workplace that negatively affects the work environment or leads to adverse job-related consequences for the employee
Sexual Harassment
Unwanted physical touching Recurring requests for dates when the person is uninterested Coercive threats that a person will lose her or his job if she or he refuses a sexual proposition Misinterpretations between being friendly and harassment
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Political Behavior
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Attempting to influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within an organization Behaviours that others perceive as self-serving tactics for personal gain at the expense of other people and possibly the organization Office politics permeate organizational life!
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Impression management Attacking or blaming others Withholding or distorting information Building support for ideas Praising others Building coalitions Associating with influential people Creating obligations
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Management promotions and transfers Entry level hiring Pay Annual Budgets Allocation of facilities, equipment, offices Delegation of authority among managers
Interdepartmental coordination Specification of personnel policies Penalties for disciplinary infractions Performance appraisals Grievances and complaints
Scarce Resources
Reallocation of resources Promotion opportunities
High need for power Machiavellian personality High self-monitors Internal locus of control
Tolerated/Fostered by Company
Competitive reward system and high performance pressures Self-serving senior managers
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Summary
Ensure sufficient resources Keep employees informed Empower employees Minimize uncertainty during organizational change Foster norms to reject adverse self-serving political behavior Be a good role model
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Power and politics are a normal part of organizational life There are six bases for power: coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, referent, and information To maximize your power, you will want to increase others dependence on you Empowerment refers to the freedom and the ability of employees to make decisions and commitments People who engage in harassment in the workplace are typically abusing their power position Power depends on the situation and is more important where ambiguity and scarce resources exist
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Next Week
29
Thank you!
To Do List
Quiz 12 Chapter 10
Readings
Chapter 10 Organizational Culture
Assignment
Group Presentations II in tutorial
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