Lis ·11Ie stati s

-t(. . .:

.._apas, ~m-_~r
_. I"'

'._,_~,

....--".

Kapals-itas

kapasitor

Rangkaian ka pa$i'K'Ui

IEnergll

poteMsilial
I:drtk

Pot;ensiilll I,istrllk

HIlJKUm
IGauss

80

Hsi'ka

xu unhik. S MAjMA.

:Sumber: Jentlela ,Ipt-ek ,listri" Pf Balaii Pl!J;im a, :2010

saru 'b ,c,nfU,~, ,it cn.c~. · E nc,~,~ · II" •I~.'I .. d-· b'" 1l11.SI~rL~tC_,iJi,Il, ~1ien~:a Iil;gt,a"n pC',n'u,ng: aram ~-, h' d-:up. n. ~C __ ,!, m 3,nu;{ a. Dcngan aida nya, ll'c!tol,u s~ y ng d~,la~!tlI~lJk":lIJl,-eh I,a fa '

'-L' srns-k .' , .1

I -~
I .,

I' 1Mt'-' cmpa_

k an
".J "," .'

,,"

_.3

_"

-I

_1

",-

'1'1

':

-.-

-::

,-'

.1'

IIU:k;s Mlmamll Ilrdri k~ Ikapasrm~ is Ilie.. nl_ altallill IfSDik

a D1 u\~r3JfIi ,p;ad.-,
Diengau"
m
~L

.kh ~r 1. ····OOlran" menlm huJkafi damp,alk, ad ilJ Irn'va i[]'c-ru'b3h,a:n. keh~ p. an D1anu !j,i 3:1 yai,ltU saar d j,iIt"':mIJ 1Jj,du i (""' :k~.nll1' m ~5'!Jj3 U, bldod'!i:' p~em3,nf~.a.t3.1'1 daya. li~nril:k,y3rtg' ,kU,il.t, ..
II III

3J,d,3
•

nya ,W'!~yolu"Ii
_IL ,

t,{;'nle,bu.t,'.,

!il 3 aLE
II'

In; k~ ta
Impl, IIr'
mi C

,.:II ~'P"If.'
~I

'~'iIl Knl a lUI 1iJ~i!r1il3lgal

IL

I~'~i~no, ,og,lU . i1Ii,IIic;:'rt3,

m_

n'

!il~WU ,ro

h'

p c'ra~a:tan yau;g: dii~' n.aka n 01ell b antua n Ic·n.C'lIj, I:i: ri Li 5t rik,

I~ I'

M 3 n'L1. 5i
!

.1_I.II,C,I.;II'Ai!llI,

i"I"ri;-

i'Io~'''''Ii.1l;

,g,!LI.

Jln

1I!11i1llli11!.!i.'],!1,I~1

ift1"II,oIil~~

Uil "11.L" l"llifi!I;, kd ,.e,a-iI3Jlll ,mU;a~3,ln

~I~ stall:'-b 1,~CW'K3.1

~1~!1II't'1Ii I~ ,i- '~'!IilII, U ".-" .~-l

,"-iF;

',!'~.",

,claJ. d,a 5. ,lTnya d' I:, .. 1 ,It..,: - ft,

oIiliif'li !ilI!~~

nfaac k n d ~beld .k aJ n
,I
''
I-'~ ~,'ldll,I"".
"'Iiri'Ji!iii ~

t ,n 'd' ,c'lllgi1,n mu 3Jt3 n

-

en am

JI ~

!!ii,eO aJ.II.~lIJI'II

.J1

m~

II'S'i.IIl.K, OJ,rram _ IIs r ' nl~ JI' ~ ~.

II' s tr. ("i,K' d"a"am 'I~~ -I I,

if:" -

D f'I"KaiJIIll. n 3

IL.

..1~ "

O'f:'~n,

.JI

,li~rlr1i:k ,cl~3,n'il k~d~3n

1lt:~ie[ill-L

l.lstrl k Statis da n ---Iuat'a n l.istri k

'1:1" .L '~" ~L 'Ii. ,1'\.3[31, ,n,!iU:TliIK, I~,e'c-ct!1":lCl'tJ"

(I

..'

tJ'fLdrOI.l,

,}~3~

L" 1[J'~'f3"l'1:~

II!!

-'~.mD~1!l'

IL

'fi!

~,q ~

f:'~'Ll

1m

2 00 S!\fi~ 01

m n,~
~j

b en.sm d aln 'L.D3JJlJI:§:3i.ftUUn nam,• ~'II ~OIIL .' . G' ~J3.IIalJ, ~, !ii'U1~, t_dall ',I,!ii'~II. _1~!, · _II ~I ~m_ _L. " -JII~d·IL· •
I.

,~~(J.rn.:ng: I,il ,aL

:S II~na,t Id ~.n,

Sunn'bu: JCmJ{f/~ 1!Jld ~

P"T 1t;1i~

PYsmm..

,i:OOIll

Giarf'6ia Ii ,4.11Batu amliJar V~:ngldijgoook p~ well Idapalt l1iioo~artlglka bulu

,aVa••

:!vtlIU ~ttu s, Yh ~ ._n1 K~ ,no. Dwa,.m c~atJuJ):b.n pl~r.mm,(~an,d,c.'npn m,crtggoso-t =]g'. sok_kan. b'aLW wn'-,t'f,' d~, epO[O'Rg kai n wol , i~~ti -ull.u hdu~, dan dila: -..;c91Iil' i, - dc:u: be,nd, :ri,r~;~tlr1'q"cnJ 5 bulu ay "In .. Tcrnyara bulu :1}. fin II>c'w="dbu, akan [IC' ,h3!Rg dan Dl 'e: ri.c:'w, pel, ,di 'battIJ ,- mb~r. S,ch,j~. d,apiaJ_[ dille taka n bM,W'3J 'ba!t.u ~mbe,r' me.rnJa:d.i lbemrnJ:ltlln ]Iii'§;r:nk~ Baril. :ka,Cl, ar ,_u p!~~,ri!l1 p]~~lf~,k y~,~ dic(J~,ok ,d.~ng~nlkain, jllJ~a akan , :01 en j, ,I'D bu~Ie ~,n, I~f~k PC sa IIU a 5 (;',Pert i y'a:ng: 'Ii ~·l'iI3di fhad 3, ,ra ba:ru a nlberr" y ~ng, 5 dca"rn,~' ,~ira, :!I;'i::.'b!IJ'r dA:~, '_ ,j ~Tiltab Iis r. ri k ,['31[ii,. 3d:u,;; t a Li 5 t [,i .. 5,t nti 'i dap ,r. diha i l,k3Ull ,d cn~;m,n. m 'enggOISO ~g',s,akb n balo,n kc su ai,tIDbend ~J, m Ii sat nra kai n, Pe du d iinga'f bahwa 'S;'c:'m'U ben d a tc:rbua" ,dLaii altol rn, d'i I m 3111 3 'c[ii3p alU:H[lil, bi,,3J'~3,lya, nile rn i ~iliki"1 u im'~ d,dt~',ro,n ,d~ f ~ n

P ,FOf.0,111 1'3, ng
'I' """ m lUI ,,"'F'" W110 111FI!i7"""t'l'. [I,-t:,iE!II,
iIjI,III."'"

iI a 1M ~., .~::I~ at 3 n III,~ r fill K, u

~''''L

!\~

- ... JLJ[- ........ '1E1,1",-.K " ,Ill"'"

FI 1III

",'''' ~ nij;l!!' .lila]. u ,1'Lb;

'I:

U I "'"

"eo ,m

P osi' I' 'I': p 1'0'[ 0 n I,:'; n'.... 'I,K,.,,,'n . ;;"p.:' ,.., L ,....", .•
"",,,III..g,
it.'II.

ill it ,1],
J"

..J

,.o'~.

~;l1

'Ii,If(,", L U

P!i~Stiwa

mI U [lirulnva

ffilJlil'ta

USbik I~'a d~~ bw.h I1el'Kllal y,alng metra I _arerm :saHl'!lg lid ~osok.ka~ dmamakaliil
el'eldlifikasL

·~ 1L..m" d' IL k e~~' "6 _..~PioI:;a.QI~n~ 'n;;;:~'~1 _ m i! p C'JajIIJ a m,~n,.a ~,!. D c.f.!!!rl![J at a,p, I~sl~lrik, p~, a k-:uu's baJ,D,n~, · k3 bd,Q,1ll di~ ~rOk ,d,cnp.1l1 k~i n, d ciu:ro III d w p',ndah -.a f:l ,ei,a,1i acorn- atom ,kai,n kC' aeorn-atom baIJon. :"alJon ,t,ll,j aid i: bermuatan nlcg3Jldf~ dan -It\~ III y~ang :kih,ii ~a ~gan ,d!del; Iron, :m'c'nj ad,j be lim u an!JJn, .p osi:d·E ~:~'us·t n I
W

it.i - aft

~ d

'L

, !iili:j' elnu

11 ~ L ~ SClI ill~.1I!.W [i:iIi"rm:t(.- m,'eilil'3l1ili',.

m

J'.3' d'I,

,K31,'j],

~I~'

mea:1,em:pe,'I

kc :balon.

82,

Fisi'k..21

xu unhik

S M.AjMA,

P3d 3J rahu In ~78.5;, ~·t?o.mng ~.I i fi:§,i k,'a. P m.na s h ~·r.nama C.h.:I ld, es Au~;m!1ilt j, n d ~ 'C.au IIID '011 b mrl'C;:':~ak.u 1k.:3, I' e lII1l ~l w r: i"' no .,n, •. ..1p. IL. II k II iL..J b en 0.,3 ya~: JI mil 'I: In~'~ na~ ~ily'3J .f)::lll1:~ llU I In DU . "~Ul Io.~·en QU. ilIl. 'r
pll~'rk3Jli,alrn 'be!§,:arr k,~dIlJ3 m.ll_n1 ~.nnr~, Id.s,n 16 Erbailn.d il,~ I[IIE mat ~k. d If' ~n k.,u 3ld .r.lIJJf. j, n FAk. kcdu3. bend a, T~oni. ni d~ .lJ.f .HfSk.tlPl' ,COUlo.1l1j,.. IG a,ra lIia:rn:k S d.i].I1~ ~y3, ifohu{. ill.nli·~u,:a cl.Il13i. .mtl.l:~I:"l:.~.n.] i:fI"rt:k d ~n am ~alfil. g;3Y'S C~lomb~ ~ b~!!j;3Jmya .dapM dh:.enm.kan d~3lDl p~n3.m"81 .1'1:
~~,fr:rjjk Ib~'lIJ'b·il.:ll.dli r; lu fUji ,d,c;.ln;~an n

b ';'·Ir.BlI1llunn..1l11 Iiinr~.k.e,i] IJj lom b,

w, ~'n}ral[ak3.n b~'''¥'3

b~,al[' g~1a
G,-ffilllf" '". .2Hu-um ~

,tI. dan (/,

lay.a d "tara

CGwlcmb"

oerJamk

dU.2ii

mllia'l1in 'mJ kJ!

r;

dlc~:a
~, ~= newt

III

3 - al.a.h kIOI.liu~tuta pc a

mba nd j, ,~,

y~i[u:

,JtE,

'~I ::

9 X ], o~' NnlJ.:t/ICJ,
5:1 3 1 ah .Il,~~[on (N'). 3,d:3J ~.,ah ~c'b~.OldW ,~g: d e:'.t:l'gl1 n fi1 u ~I[ ,- n
1-

Saru' n
0

g;·-,ya, ili~lf[rik,:mJcnlll"lf1lljl[
!D~ch 3;m:'i,~iatu

§',iU:tI! )'3

n. I( I, N)

ng;
I I
I

di,p~n(hlh~an

am,pc'rn;I€;

d·:daDl
I til alU

S3U.w

deei be
fig
G,
l;i'll'

+Q.II

t. . uatan-Muetan yan'Q SeQaris

. •c s a .['lftiJ}ra

•....
m U :iil:ILa }fa n
I •

g:a fa,

C,QIU

I otn .- P ad a
I

d i:p,~ ~ruJh i 01 d, b·m etiapa IlIJ)lllI3_t"~.n d ij u.• ~3~hk.3HIl. ~1~e3J"~'''f;llu:,olr.

yang' ~'q cni~; ~ ang~ U.I~

7~' II

~~~~~==~~~==.' ..
I

r~.

..,1

:Padiil 'G'arm.ba.r

4;,3,

d j,pC'nga ru In,~, o~d1 0l'U, at ~U'll ,~ d:i!n 9:1I a.,elIallah .F:~, ;~ 'T' ~IJJ" A ..~.ba.~ 3.r.d1 kc kan 3J.Q Id wa.~flJlP p'os ~fif Ida n t]. ra.h k~ kii n fDJ~nli 6!t:lsar gay.a C 00 ~ mrlh p,ad.3l m,D ara.n:' Q

'~.V3, .!Iiii! -,,,I'

COlllJI~c:m.h ,II; ~ad'3, lImllu~f3Jn

Gaya eJek;IJfG:satatiS, ~igla aU'Sitilfl.,

oftliUi

4'3

.F
.F
~

-·P+F -u
,

'i

- ~J
=.

'lJ11 .q .~
'!IiI

'i1.2.'_

S ~C3J m
'.:\1. .,~

III 111Ft nl" U

'~ya
~

J"l,] -

Cou I()IIhb d:a,1' U

Id

ii m ,m:u, !5l:k.l.1,n:
(~,.2)
l-

I
I

"

:__'-.~ F.:. + FI -t.

J' '.,""'v''''

I
I'

,~,•. ,.....~ ••,.~ ••~.,••.,..... " ......''''

"

\,

"" \
'\

FIJ
G ayal ~r€lktro.sttMis pada. '~·ys m lluri:a!1 ~g '~ida ~~Imri:s. IGU.
If ." 1!4 ..

Contoh Soall 1.. Du.;:] ~iik .A Idan :B,e~ aJrAt:5 mMi~E:,e.fi. i.I£i ng--nIl3~i~ be,rDlfUlJJ'~;a n ~~~[Ie 'to 5)( 1. 0- Ie l m II:i ,dJ -.n -2x 10--:' C. TI.fiillt. C'.eri«3k. Idi. a;(]'f. 3.('3.. A dan.S b'~lri3,rnk 3, m d~.ri, .A. d~.liiil be[,[n u ata n IiJ :!i.I· rnlk + ..x 'IO·~C, 'H~·ItlIl:ng ~ I:'iar g~y3. ,~tekilr Q!ilI:'3Jfi, s dr3J ri C! F P~/1J~'t!lt!S:tli.all." c A D1wkctahu i.:. diA ~=+5 ....1(j .' Ie -II' '1(1,. 1'. ~-2 x: ]1 Oi~' C 11"4 2m It' '~ . . a :~ +, .~~;(l 0 s C .. 3m :'iI'C

,.~

_Il~

J oL"1r~'ab,:

t a. n.}'a:

F '_ c:

,_
'=

I!!!f!!!!

Sm

I'X

~0.')(,)( :I. 0
,ji'';

"H .

1OrS)1
'T'

(9)('.1.0 )1' ,x UrS)(2~ 1.10.-"

'I III:

-'D
I

" 2'-

1.

')'0 + II !!il' "2,'0 ,;;.;;,.... I'(!! ~; .J!!IlJ.' N" II~ L _.- -n '.. K..C' Kan3 DI ik et a,hu i. eg~ :ga. A. B C. 5,.jJJm 3. SII'S i [Ii pan il ~ng sti5 L 3, d m, P ~Jd3; ,€.~lI'iIe. 's'Ili.,dutA.
m liJ:~i,[]~~
Oil ;U,il n~

Id·!: nga

D.

1[·'~lid.3p3i1: m.'u.:3Jifan

4 IJJ

Ie

Id3..IJ, 'B
d ai.n

.-~. 5 IJ. C, pad.a! pu n.c3.k. C t'crd. __ .. paJr. ·+2><10'~ C. :H:i-u.~a:h. :ga;v,a, c1,,~krrosE IdJi. pu I'u:~ IC~
Pttll)~;?Jej:nidll;·

nlt(J,at3,R.
J[I~:S [0-' ),

'\

iike.rahuii:

q.

::=:

4 Ill. C ';;;;;;' lrD C '..x

f'i;

\.

til :: -].··,5,Il· C.:=:. _.n·~5 :l< 1 e- C qc ::. .2 x I. o-c

"

:-' J. dm ~ J v ~ . -: ~ ~
=

~I ,~.

o-·~.-

~-~"I

ll~ie'~

iti _.
EI!I'I!

)I
!!I

J'w~b,: ,1iI11 da n a I;·dl.allc...Wi CinilQ·if· .

~!~

*
I

dic,f'iD;a:rn "10

P~··va
b,......

F~

P.I

,,'f,

rAe

dan t'J

[ari,l,,,,mcna:ri ','

c~n

ga}" .. F:"J.
-_I ,;;J ~, .··1

84

Fisi'ka

xu unhik. S MAjMA.

JdtJ ~J'::1.
F

'r.IO~al. d~iC

,ad:d-:J..I::
.:=:::

.- ,JF~I"'J+.Fl!+2.rll.F!.CiO~81

JFi.l +·3,·1·+·2(G)(l~co!i: 1".J1

Q '

F
. I

----_

..

----

. M, ;- ~d:-an pmt"jO~ :tluk!iHn C~Y, ,IDb" . ~ d~n ·1tm1t.1~ ~ OIUk. bu..'lh ILUlo'o darn d~f!~woml:~~ . TujWH'i,

1. ~

I.

,i cng~ap d cnga n ra L f:'i:Y~,' d 9 n ~,d bar ,. II, sri k ·pvle. em Ti IUP dan g:~l'I;:r[U 'ngiuUDJ du at b,~ 0:11.p~d. ii), sif.,a:f.li r t, e l1:'~ i. J.ilntk anita" k~du a I:.:Man :,FII. n -lI'Iid','~1K_ r-'~'~"'" -~lS ctd ah braJ:on seti m - Ij) ~g dli nl" -i,:h, aJdall, "lcld'Uld U k31O. td i Iuru " at 'U) rw d, - .. GID's'oid3Jh -~\I,~~H;,ik - empdki1r1, ~~,j)!d3, Idru' :ked,u~, hal,oDI. l ~'~$k 3J I1t plas!cat PV C iru, ~t3Jn Ii,b,3cl,~~ ,k~d,u'lJtk ,11, :k~ U~, b'~,D"n,~ UL d ,\p, " ~ R"" Rial en, -cbabka III k,.ed,u.du'ka n balon iru rcnM13,n£"? - 'v, ~ -'~ -~ :J~J"f!Ed,MjJJ~,3J.npcn3J.w'illJun b3hwl3. 'b~rn( balon =: m~,,- rn.nt-ah 1;::iIl]la, },a~, m enychii:b~ ~ lUI

Am - lill' 11 d,'Ij,a lH1 - b d, 0 n k: ,rct;tt - ti f a

'U"Ii;i;~U -I

mJ c'f:i~3J

11 t

u ngka, n b ~J0 n

ru,

Ii

ka n k~d U:3J, baJ on

1-'
I:'

f,c,mggj]J.~

!I

.,.ic['c.ll.n. b,

:1101

n k,c:mb,d i ;e
t

kAJ:nd i s i,

110

r Em, al ~ a III b"i:n" h

:D cng,a n. k~u ~Jf., n ked -,

1_

,ri kill h 5 ebu ah bale n i- u m c.ndalt'aJr 5 a In,pam ',cj, 'U:h

sep~ ~i :ked u.'d,ullcan. kc;lib f.1~,r.j~dH 'g,rnya [011 k- m en ol,ik; a d l,~y~.t*3].n, t;;:~ n {;~y~, ini ?

(t,N;)~ ap3 ·ra.. d:ap ~.(

5 d),'u

- h d j, n

un

0 In,ett,c'f.

"'I

,R

11t;

F~

!i!!;;tI'

D [skJus; :, t ., ,Ap9J, .13,.

(i:al, lilt Id.i~'~Ol:p~ Hc,am, d,s rm [plerrc-obiuuru,.nil ~'

2.

I,' U::un3"na

Ib" - 3r. ,k~dJJ,:3 m,1.HU~31l1~,ruJon terse cur. adal"Rb.

3,Mai,

,'~ ,

rorilan

b~!il3,li'n1fi\ll~ ~

Ui'

m iii, if :

• 'I'~ iii It.' Ell!!;,

m.__

• 5_ng- m

I.

_lb 5,t;1 e

,I"

0 ,Iulul t.I ;r""..J.'CI 1l"!IJ~ "'"

,L"

el111.

Tcnl[uka

a,
I.,

esa flly , ,-, y', ) 'A§ d i] aku a n O!I,,~h s I[U m ua a n pad m ,atil n ~ rU~~jf t aJl ~iIIJ ml~ '~-fU3:n muaran d~U31l' paid -, 110,- ;I~ .. 01 &5i~ nrlIUi:1faD. ---:

Medarn Listrik
b 1~',rlmJ ara n ,~j,:nrri k (I ik,t;,:I, j,I,j, 11Jl'~i f. ~hu !!J Dl d ~ ~,~~h ya n:=: d ~s c:hu t :P,l c·d. ~JJt ,[ilst ri, k.. D'ru13J.m • ed 3],," ifIJi ~ {Rurat,3JP 1,l!Il'I:ri,L;. Id,a,l'ar did,~r'~~!;li. ~jc'mlunJt _~lrnd~y (] 7' .1._J ~ I10' £-;') !ii U ;atu IIlIll C(;I:3i" J"nit nmk k e_uar d,:mu :§,~W:1tp m U 31::Ulil ell an 0,0/ _ _~ _ ~ ,_ In It: nlrlC'~'ta,~' Ike' '~~lu m.h ma:~'a.'~h ~c.~ c-n,i 1"- da G anl,iba,r 4.51, ,17" r 'U' u,k 1m, 't':'. VI.:!ii,IIIJI3JIII~ s a'§:I~ 3,n lin ~iCJj a n ~I S~'fllK~, 81 [ a.. '1IlJ ni._, _~I· "~L Ji'l·· ~I- .r: k ~1Iln '.nt Itt B,e n d a
va ,J
[l~1!;if

D'

an

11

I,

ill

~'.~

,d~'n,gil,n

In e Illgg,iiUW'

ba Ii'k:3Jn

'5

elr.l1JJ,ngka,li :n a

:g:~l.lr.i!lll

G' rnll~. ]1" ~5j' Medan 11iS1rik

Imeng~iII!ilgTi lseliap IITidtafijj Pi~al~h Mt:il 'gem~nl ngl~

m erru InJU:kk;3, n altah nlla;d,~,III ,I~ rd k p~!d b ~,lib~,3;i 'ttli': iIt;, d,i st a nll,a.~1 d,i~~bu r G,~ri~-~,3.~~.'~ G'~lya, Ii !~rU'iik:~,d a,n d itlll, nilllkka,:n, 1?3da IG'a:lU,ba:r 4..6,.

"~iI~

lI!1,n:n:j k

(b)

(b) tJl,nkl_" saw muatan negatif.

G IJII!16_. 4.1 I~nfcs.-gali'is medan

istrik" (a,)1 IJ nbuk '~'bJ

mu~ta f1 pB~f~

Gam bar 4.7

ID. c'~llW

nj u kk ~.[~ ~~ ri$"'i~·ri s, m.ic;d~.n, .~ s,t.ri:k i

anta rn d I!!J 3. m !JJ!3[ ~ n. Da.ri ga m b'3Jr I[cdi hat ~b~ \Af.a ~.:nd1 ~~ri, s M edan H·.'~ .. ad d ah .: arl. m'Ua~~ ~ ,I' ~~W ke U1.U ~ 'tan. n~m; iIf" dk !0i.f JI"'Ii r. ~t ~~.~ d .~.~ p' ad i k· m n.,", -lfii(~ III 1i!J!", I C... ~. ~ . ~=." ,g.D1Ii ;IIII!!: ~~. __ .... ra
'ftiJ Ii "'"' _'. _

~i..

ft'!il

1If'Ii.

'i"

'"~I :ng',c,n 51:a1,

..JL' cu~

illlil'

d'"U"1iJ, nllJ:t ~~
I

!l"

_'11;,

i' I,

.'.'

lli!ii'!il

n!!! .. ·~'!IF.'Y!!!i!!

Ii'Ii

Iii'!i<'II !I!!"'~ Iii: ~

'1"'o'Ii

;r

- ;1""''''11,

Ii\ 10 ,ai,' Ink ."

~L.

~L. n~ pac..1

l+d . P:
'U'ki.,.-'Iri, . "'U rn u
L. m~;lil I!i"" iI:t!i!K1IdI3i1li a n·

d.....n ;Ol.

JI~ri ...."~ IIIIl1 ~ua,.:..I~ !1ii'iii'-·I'~ pi.iJ!llIS U Il; n K

'U llI'Il:U

"'!if

·r~",~II.= 1·1 ~".iil IIlII

d id,di nru'5·u k3.n '!il,~b~i §l}"S. p~'1i '!!il3'tU 3Ln [In uatan ,p~u~ 3J i,!i:t n~.ya ng d i·r.eDl,p',3.t;k.~.n pad,~. l\ i tiik. n;,·.H~bu ,yang IlL. .. - .JII_ - '-I" - ~:~~ (- .... ~ il'· 1-S1:.1D1J;t~ U 3D .m.ual3.ln. oIL -. lKuat. _~ . 1~:Wr.i1lti. I~£: ~I. J 1.ll(ta 'cara .~ .1"' J.
'~II'

In u ill[~ml

Idi. §'·c;,Lu~·
_.L 3i:. ru W1

E_,.

d -~

'1~ m.~$,~arJ. mral'cm3J1d,~ ku~~n:l,~d~u). lisrri.k

l.:'_

i:rumru'!!l:kan.:

E ~'

!.._~.~ "~'" .~ •• ~.~ •• ........ ,~. ,.~, ,~.m,

'1

~.,.! ••••~ ,••~".~.,.~,•••.• .• •• ,'

(,4.4,)

:P,~ 'Ill aa m, I( .:_4.) U ll'I,tu:k. m 1t:·~~)U k'lJi r J'FtI. !~da ~ ~,~!!ilr. fli.k ,dIi na ,. :!ii ~'m'U 9J ~'iu iIt :p ~.d~. ru 3f'1~~ s ~d3 ngk:a n fill rf:danI i !lIt ri~ pad 3. r k j r Id ari saru mn g~tr, Wl t i.lf: k. IQ ~d~a~~;

(b)
,G·lilooa II" ,4,,'", Ga.ris;rg;aris,

~.m
iiiii,

Imedian I~k
. II

mIJarcan: I'a) ~

ialill1lral

d1Sl

,I:

._
.........,::;"..,...",,;"""""""'~

isii' Irb} .seIoo is~

_~aOOll

q
if............. z" J"

""", .~.~

~Q

!!I".I!J"IIII.!!I

••

11.11

.1

•••

11l-.!

101II

••••

11.111

••

111 ••

~.I

••••••

11.11

••••

II

••

.....

I!I"II

••

!!II

••

1.111

("5") "','
.,.

_ •.•.

~ "7 ..I!!_" Q.
II!!I

-I . [!-1Ii

.l1li.

lil •••

1I!! •

iii

•••

1•••••

111.1.I .lIi

••••

II •••

J.I.i11I.~IIll."

.....

"-.,.6)

Oil'

a m O1Ul.In. [C [' eb U If In 1~·.n'U. .j U k k.a n b a,h W'3_ E h. ,a .n.ya n bc.mg;a,liI,ru ~~: :I?:ad~ DlJlllIJ.atan Q, .:r3.. Hlc~'Dg.h3,Ijj,W k.~.n. Mlcda,n ~
.'i~· r,:!i;

U:'f1i

It;'b IU'L

Hukum Gauss
:H.111 u m k
m. c'Hgen

cldru Oh ada,

.~.S:l\i f

ny-a., K.'iifa dap

Ibc:'ntllltk Iai.
d~:gun-alta:n
M _'1_ _

[n'il
I11.III

'rai.~di

3 j, ig.-a:)!'3 ~ ~ikt r"oS fan ~s d,i. :: em ltk.3~.ilIi.n n Ide ICaui (J1,m.'b Id,a!ia,m :Hukn m CmJI~'Onl bm,~ny3J:ulk n 'Hui~)Il.W.m, 'Cou1,,(]I:m~b d •. Idalam nan1 :aKa.. n

H.'llk 11I.1JIll G ~u ~~~~ya'fll: d ap.~'U· ntl1k m.'c-:r~ i,tlllll,n:g: 1k,1.11!r.' lIl't\ :an lif,~,fi~k p1aAj,a
·Vl~.I~'bcnif:
l~ -~l

b,'!ilu.!!ii'""kli:ll1~ [~nC[nrn

t srn m.".rn~..
..

H:IQ.um G«IUIIl!i~1
•

(ftf./- -:) Il-wil' j!I1":g

'"I '. j ."

cn~"'aJ[~ n

LL P i1

wa If_'''fn~-J.' ~9~~1!"
oi~·

.,r ,,~I,';':...,L...

,§.rll~g.a~w gd~
~hIJ.l
I.'

,~,'t!t1f!fnb,fJS .P,tTfJtl.UkAa#1i

tmump slJ,_(lJ1,J;l~g·
• .

I~,"~d

Dalam ill . lfil.!I aQroJlom]j Gauss,melfiiemu,. n a.1!'a lUil1lwJ mefll!nbJr ernl I[n~sllm plan _ .

Jellg'll" iu mw'1 «:/jdlmr '~rti_'Ittl~ listr.-i:1r Ji

t' -" b 1meb,~ii!T •.. c.rn.V3~a· n [crsclllE' ~
.II'

1 . ··1..·" ······,·· ,..· ··

--:1
.: . .. -

.-

da

~I

I'(!'.I·J'1J1.'!)!;(M'" d" ru .. .l.;uk m _an.

I .!

I"

I!

.r '"

Iii

(.I]

1~ Flluks ,Medan 1L~,s'trik

Pilus
,i"H1boU(,a:fru
n1le,d~"n

HtrL'

y ,In~g I:j ...

dll~' d :p-t dinY3.,tiIDk,3ln >0 ie'lil iu .m.~. ah ;)iIJ f.~.:~ ya ,u~ mil, ,~.I. ~ liJ i 3J ~u.a it" Ui pC' ria 111m, P 1lJ ";g: f cg ~k Iu r 11 ~ "
'V'. - I..... a'~Ir;
d

p·...
:

iL_"l.IIl;._,tll,l]

iIi" ....

n~ ..
,I~

~IlIJ

L '"

~ 'I .:IlL~.
,",,'I'

,..

11~.K;. : "",-.;I' .... m,CllfiLL.

;

p'

iF "IIii'
II...

IJ..

'I'L lK

~b'U r :ad ;a~.ah. j U l!ail ~ ,alb. fCC if:afnl1:t1l n b.1a'$ pada. rhilK h:~," Unruk, P~[[IDU~, if.lc:nu,'~up d.~ dal am 5cbu.~'b, m edan -'k aka d'~ ._.~§Inl_~ m ~ __ it'U.ra, ,_-,c· __ n .m==_L_~t'- Ib~ }W,~. __:_ ' L!'_
'It'rEl''!lI

Cb E

~~dah _.t!05iti:f jika §1ri. gail'rn'5 gar-'

~e:

,IU3 Ii, dnn adalaJlll Illcgarl if [ika gari,~gari51 §lJ [ij],'CfiU,juk.c d'al,am~ 5:~p'!:'n ya 1-. d i,per,l, i: h ad('3 D G amba r. i, 4,.8. S,~:hI n~;a~ W, adal ~l:h p'~osi:~'i f
n.l,e'~~,mh
U ,Wltlllk.

G, ....; IJ8 Dua nw,atan !Klima besar' dan berla~nan Ita 100001" Garis pu:~pums; meRyamkarillpe~ngafl dj anmra ~I!imUJjkaan 'teIi't1.DN:.p·.pa~dk denga n llLdaliilQ

.P' c'l m. g k,a ~"n S ,d ~"n nl~gaJ t ~:f u nru k S. ,m~ u nr-uk _. . . . errnukaan S.:Ii ,. 1 - ~' , ,dahlll, nol,

19~mb'ar,

Pad.3 G ililDllba r . ,,9' {,a) m, enru; nj

il:)~'n'L1 up '(
. ~

V,3J.:m~· j, IC,~IJ, llr ,d U~' ~

.~~ Ii s:d 013i1i

~a n.

kkaJ Ill, ;tl:Cl -uah pcrmuk aan til. i, d aIJ arn m e;·d.~ ,n ~~:5.'( ,ri k. t nk.
1'I

U 1Il~ [OI,['IIlfl,"

p erm

III k:a.3,Ill, 'l"~

r.s;,einu: d i6,•• , n'l e.nj' ~.u!U

(!"fBj

,r,a,";:: cu k:U,i kc'd:1 tI ~,chi, ngga d ~"3J ,l1;l:np sI~'b .g:ai b i, d.3 ~g d;at 3.1r~, '~ ern III aJ,:!l:
!lH~;;i,~IM,r3,1'''' ·~i,'~m,p3[

~.u,ad,r,3Jt15 . ',',S

!5i"~JH~,rtii iru ,dlinya~'akan

bes
t·
1

:!u~rb'~!1i, slebnuah 'II,'cd:tt@c

A~_:__:~,

3l.rifl:r~. :01 f.1Y3. f.,ak3"n IU35 if:

A.S:", "Al.mJh A,S

:5'Eb~"ti:

r"'.~ no.mrrn at

Ip~da, r. er~ ukaa n A' ~ d ip'~m b,:;ru,ir.k~n ,kc a mil I.U) r; g;,d,1!l,ru all n vanp: a lal "Iordc,t,o.r Mcd,:a PI lin In k .F. dIf:3 m bra rk:a ,ol~h. t~ap sq:i. c',m 1),;11[

_fit) _r

IgJ€!irmU

l~iceliIJPu1i iff! da'faJifl medalil Usmil tak, 'U nifortn .. (b) TIg~ lelem611 ~Ua5,pUmt!llkaatn

4.:91 ,(a) Sebua'ltl uan mrtiUllrup

ku:~d lfaJtt'i s, '\' dk. 0 .~vekror E d 3J n :.~ IIlll eM bc,Il.'[u:k, SU,ldl1[[ .,.': . 1t,lcm,: ,dla,p saru sam laii Ill., "cmcs.a,rn,mJ 'S'C§i C'Rl .. j)Jf, ,klJl, ,d If~(~'i ,dan, Gam.'b If ,". 9(b) dicandai dC;.~Ull oI"C,}\ I,h~rrn dj ,m;3Jn~, ~', [pad.a ~rj 91 ~,9 OEi (, m eu.y,j'Y. lce d.ru.3.1H)~ p3Jd a)1 ~ cr I(E
':iiii:'.

!§I,q:.l~ar
H

p,ad.,3j 1Pi;,r~1JI.ka~n)~d,an p,ad.:a

'c 'I1• ~.

,g~

_I

<;

I
•

1~~rtU;ru p.

k,a '-~ d,~ .m... na-.QlI ll1a 1m l~llJiljIlJI It)f'' hl,3 rE:i, - <: gOP', m.ik~, a .E~·S po~itii'"' (G .nfl.ba.F 4.8 'pctr.im.uk~alil Sl)~ J,ik.a E :m,'~,l\Iujul
I

1:J! -i

il )" C UII.f.',

_j I('i: • u at nua • ,111, c·Ftg',C , nal

f1 II.. 3J'-~'LIL .,u ~;5 :r_y,:ag:

",i,' "., •• , ,~, • ~,." ... ,. • '" '"

g,[p'

(._c·,

Jl.lellllJl,1!l

)._.i..,.~.,'."~.'.~,·...,"'.~'".,
~
I

8).1

t~.-.; K~

d..,.~'. '""",, .- ~I,'id

",m.l~

D ..... 1 IUI'""""

1Alii!

.:c'~ .. s:·" U .~ ,&, ,£Jj,'

",,'1 ~."" mil d.K.lUj,1

m ....~ """ . "-,11.1,1'

i!lJI;

JI"I'

n, ~""' .. "11~_lul,.;_;~,o:5J

l.

:~

JI..,., ~~ "+" m,LI! 11'111 m, I~:

1

'J')' - ..•.ng~:fl, .~Il, c'ng~ I!ll! ik. iii, penj 1ilt:111~ ah an [em adap . iermukaan ,e (p,c':r~':lun,:a -,n (4.8,)) d cfIi,g n ;s,chu ~hl ,i nh~gfal, rn: hadap IP ci:ffi 'U kaa,n, ak. fli d, iPl~ftcl chi:
,PC',rlililU '- n : n
P,CirlliUIJJ, 3n1n,
-I

cg:adf (G, mbar . '.8,

8:8

Fisi'ka

xu unhik. S MAjMA,

! II!III!!!I'!I!!!II!

.'II!!'t!!I

!II!!I!

Ii! III !I !!I !I !I !I! I I! !II !I 'I! !I! !I II! I !I! II!"!!

!!!II!

I! !I !!I!

I!I!I!!!

II!I'!!!!!!II! 1i!!ll!lIl

('__:!II!

9.)

'3,ri persam 13 (/,.,8) ~iJj'UjJ,9.n S J.' y~ng' 's~su;ai

~~\,\rt·lon.

d I, r Im,('nc'ntk. iUJ IH,EU~, DlWk_s, li !iJ1;'a k ,e d) Q~Ie;tc.?1 cOlll.l.0 III b (N Im.lJ'C,I.

kjl[
3tn'[:.U'_~,

1,(1, b3Jh\-~"'a .. )

iUlJal -.h,

H'u,lbu ng,'t'Ul
neUo
le@

G' ~

til nUll

~: pe·[f'lilfUJ~.3.iUJl

dan

,m,U3UIJ,1!]

".~

em> E

= ,',., .~..~., ~..~.., ,..~..,.,..,..~, ,..,.,

ml~ngg1lJnakslll
p~[s.:i:ln1,3.3ln

Ib ~'lII"d,iU ~,[k3Jn Huk.u ~

IGall.!'Ij5,

3.'d ,aI ab,:

, , ",.,~ ..~

(4. ~0) (4. ~'~ )

dlengn.n

(4.'gl)

dl,pC,f'D~Eh:

't;o " If. .Js, ~ ," ~ ,.,., .. ,.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .... . ... .... .. .. .....~ ".... ~ .. ......,.. ~ ....,....

-:-'~da, ~'C!l'Ja1l~~~.n..~'. (. [0);, jw.kiiIJ, '5cbg,dl permukaan

mu.~:r.anl=iIlU:aJ[~,Wl

~ne',ncak,up

y. ,n_g

sam

Idan, bic'r'l wanan

mil

rand ;I"nya",

ma'k

I,

nU~.:i

d~:gunakan

ulrn:t:u'k m,~'nghilf.Wlrig

cD:E

ad.;:dah no]. Huku

.E

G3IU;;S

dapar
lifUJ.J3t3,n

'!'U~:.3 dil~tr.UJIU5,W

Ealdbdah 1!ijC\d~Dl:~ ki ~Ul \§,W m.lc_.r.i s !!H~.b,~ D!IZ,~ ki.t~.dapa.'1 d,r;;n~an m IlJJ dl:d.. m c;.ng~ ru ng: ~ftt'fCrnl Id.1 d:~anl I? ers ~.m3,3J1. (.'- • .1.1. )., i,

2,,, Medan l.lstrlk dl Dekat MluClI'ta'n Titik,

I

:'!I:!bU

all m,1lJ"

~Ed.an

d.;" ,'ac' d~te'tn\'uk3,1l1, d c;'~:an :nl,e:n~Ul n~'k3,1l1, Huk.l!l,ml G3.IlJS,S. :P\ada I:~,:rn.lllil.r 1f.1~'.r~c;'b,u-r E Idan JS lP,sd.;a. :!I;le-ri,ll,p ri [la k. -,.a.d p~'Fm.ULJlil. 11. GaM S 5, til i3J lmhka n kt:;! I.u mf Id i Id3~3.m i!BJ mil. md,~ al ~ S lJl dut d,; a lJ'I,t,~ra :E, d'3j:n tiS ;),d,~ ~ no~ da.1!)i.ku'~ nti [i.H E da Q
r d 3J.11111J be pu sa, pa.da
'il

iiil.flny·:;&

Iiluri,

IfWk " lie cl, ih 3[ P 3 d,3 G am b 3 rr 4·, ~I .• , ya,ng t,c,~'adli p'aJd3J. p,c.fmUa3J1l1 'bohliJ -rn~ Jari~
t 3,.1:1,
~
1

DlUata

..D

1[C'IUiCbu["

,.
(I,......

Ji ..: _8.n
G ,3JU ~.li
I~O ..

a. .D~mg~"n d em ikru 3,1il:~1 H u ku M dan P C'f!il3 Ql a~.n, I(4..~. ) akan Pl.'C ~j a.'d w;. 1
m, ~:qj ,d.i~ :_'.tIS a
'!I;8 'I e;~

permuu'i

GLnlb_ r 4.. t 0 Seibwh

1

ill'

,E "dS ~

,t.ilS, ~ q

berbe.fiillllk bol'e.

GiI,um

-I

arena :E adal,ah ~!u:u:utj) u ntu..k scm u..! lrit~k, , 3Jd;a b,o~~~ 0:1, - '3 n E da.p3ltt d~lkd,u3J ,- ·an 3 ~ ~~U'!tg~ ~yang , [l3~ m c~,asi,1 ka,ll~
I "

'~O •

~,~J_s

;;;;;;;:, nlcn}~3l[~
@

d.e~~ n ;1 nit q:.n1l1 rers clOui:

n lua _ b ala ~I se _i. ,"='1::

t: =.t:

'I 1
Ii"

I! I -I I .. II' !I '!II II I!

.11 -li!~' II ill !I Ii! -li !I ~ ~ I ~!I

E!IlI!"13 iI· I! II! I 'il

II-

I! ~ I, 1!Ij I! I! ~ !i g. !I I ill I! ·11 !I'I.!!!I I! I! ~

[4-. 1,3)

3~ Medan Listrr ','dl antara Dua Keping

Sejajar

'+Q

~,q

'P 3I.~ a. .:_u31 'L ~ng , ~J ~lJ_,r' ytll..~: m •• '_ d KI~P.~

~,il5r,~i. :$3.01 ' k,
L~

CJ11f'U

lIi1!yaw.' In'UaifJn.

eet ~',p j,

kq?lil ng: t C:'lrs,ebU'1: t~ rd ~p'at m ~dlan ~j, 5: t'lrik, 'h,ol,m,og:ctn. Di 1I. 3J If IkcdU:il k~il.. j~g.l r[C'rd~_,~l!' medan li"strik y3Jng:,~,ng~u krocd j Iik d i b a nd i, n gk. .n d 'C' nG~ul rn.'c,dja n ,~i;5 ,ri k d, Ii, ;.1, nt r , kc :y,~ kc,p,! ng" 5ch,; ~=:a da.pa't diabaikan, H!p,c'n'li ,p~,d~ 'G ,m b:aJr.J '~, ~
I j,I,

'b c"rJ~_.'l',Vn.3 ~..

ID

~'1I1i.~

n}"~,-, nra fa 3..

k.~d,ru~,

u ~JTa:r1, +'9 d;~n ->qJ' 01, ed,~n Iist ri d.!, yilJt __ n ~an. ~,~, banyak nya ~r:a.ri$,ga [r'." :~y~ ~ ~'CChl~ __ ~ga!ris,..g n.'5 ,G;aya dli nyata,ka n 5c~ ag)' i .n j u.n1.~ah lI,],U tan 'y,~U'1!g '[[lC!1lt ~Jlbg[::.~ .. 1 ~ili~ g:=-:ya tcrsebur 1 (H u ku R1 ' '~:au"')I" :~~:u ,~,n,1i[5 _ rli!k 'Iii 3p ,'__'[ •';il.'t u, n [I:u~; ~n III
b~r.m

J~k~, lru~,~ kepi lng, .A" lin ~u'i ~g- m M im1g ,k.cp,j ~

:kcp'~ng: PC'Rgh' .nrat d~ d,d:i, ni,;5,i~,:an 5.c31~ali, f.;a~ ,It m,l~ tan ,_, eif,m;!lIlk iberi 1,3JmlDang :-. (s,igma)~ y'9Jng ,di'uk ,d, ai a m CI ml,l.,

[',II

G~:

AI'

karena,

lV ,_,

I'

E:,A

"elh,w

~.d~l, ~.h:
£.
ri

ngga" k'U.~l't ,m,cdan I~st.ri~~, al'Ulnl ~_c;cdlJ,a, .k)~pw~: 5qa~Irr

0'
l!lii~il.J5i
1311

::::::
~I

'
"iLi3;
ii illl:llliII~ii3ii i3 liililiJiiriiil iLESi lIIiil ill'iii,ErII.!II1I iili iili,i3!i1i1

I
ae ae e s a a
ill! \~
J~

II
~l ,

II

'II.

Jt.~fJgall:

E :' k'U~u: medan U ~r,ik (N/C)

i

:=;

,rnpa'~

mil Ill, 11[,3, n

Elal ';;;;;;;

P e I'm I tll.''1.fl'l1 dJ,S:

-',cp,i:ng 1(lel ,m,2') ru a ~ h ~nl:p'3J ;;;;;, 8 '5; 'x I 0 ;8

'I!

I~

CI N' 11m..!

1.

- ell,a ,kOill .. d,uJIt ID"f de nga:n jan ..·ari I to em bermu ~Jf.a, u ~~su;il.k5,00 JJ,(:" T'i,I[I~k.~ S" d,ran C '£edrtaK. 5,cgari s t:.~,dUld3 PU5,3.'t lbo.~3, d~'ngt1l,n, j aJrak ma:d lng~ masi mg .l 2' em" l 0 em d.'3J n I IiI: m 1t1~'lb 3,Id ap ,~IU~;;U: b [) .a.. H l~ ~~,iih ku,at D1~ an ~~lU:lri_~, td.il ~'i.tiIk;, A1, :B"~I [Ul Ie! eu d
I

~I

ij'

90

Fisi'ka

xu unhik. S MAjMA,

Pel1y.,·lsaitflR .'D~k.~tahuw,: ,R: - 1. 0 19:mi1J= ,10-1 1m III _, SIIOO =: S ~Or" C '".ilI. ~ 1,1, IlL!in =,], ,2 X 1O-l IJlJ~ :D Ii 'l'. 3J, nya ~ a. ~-

uc

.... '.. JIc.' ~'lif"',_

b'"

,.

"

b,

c,
L:
'r

,n 'I..

v~ KaJ:C'n~,
t_

L j IIll c,rnU.'

II' .
,-

aiam 1[i!'OJ.,

II

ilL

II

'1 SiC1 W ~
i

d- - II., Ol~P c'nga:m~' •I, .J' ~! ~

m_. .KI~pW

m.IU ~L' "'- n

~I·'

'.'L W~'S'l:nA .•

1 .

b S ,~uan

__ 16[Uil L ~

'11 [IeK€)£'1 it IOcrrm.1!La1aifa n.

]'"

"'L IIS,t' n,.K. :1",

to'

.JI .rb.l! C'[_ PC'Ir.!.'IiI'31 ul anJta.m

•• m:g:: !!il'~llal~.r.'

'1i:I ,If'

d_.n IQ dc,~Jnj '"lUll. )'3fi1(g b-ctbc -a jlc_ I'S !dcngan mpar nlua;tan. ~~/:'x I,~ Ci ~. j'f '3], g :: I.0 ,ml~~dan p,e.nIDlitlvi,f.3Js lWdarn. ad.aJ,ah ',~:8 5 x .~o· mz C:lI'N:Il1i,:! , .I1,;,inJ,ll{g·
011:;;U,~;3

b o~a It. erse Ulf:!~

p(f"!I,el~;_ :11.~ Dike(ahuI~:

I'
1£'0
."In'

,_, ~.O pC ~: l(t~ Ie :~:~~77~ lOY' CJ m..::!!

,_, :~ (I

p~-----=--=--------F~ fl.E

m,1 ~~

,~. 8,85)('
,_,

i o..l'~ C1l'N·m2.

'D ii t ;:ru ..m,y;\1j.~

a'~,v~b:;

."'

...

+++

E
,P

,_
.-

_'ll'
Eo

~,_

:03J ri :gam bi~;I·dli ~n~5~ s;ya [;a[ b,o~a dal'am kC3dtta n ;5,erimil b 3J mg ad aru ah iik3:
,ID

:1,77x:~ O~B: 8 :8,S'x urr n

~:

.2..000 .NlC

- -- - - -

fJ ..E - m.
.....
""""""'"

'9·£
._"Ii

....

_---11)

,lx,
:= ,---

(J-

.~

U)

....

~ .kg, 0'

IUjw Kem,arnpuan 4 .. 2

Jik ' suem

u] i d ~ _ nC' dil,ct. kkan po dil '"Ill eu '£ir[ ~ '111,'U 'tan rersebut JL, 5 I-d' cSatW' m,CI ,I :m, II~ IE.n', ,- ,I'a d'3 '~t,lln;, .' k .. ~I~ -_C!IlI a,fO.• ~:ay3 ICI!;l!C5,ar:: :,1 X ~V iii '-N- 'ill it - ,<. uCrJl' "i1 U : rersebu -~
,m'U'~t'3n
IflI;

1 ~ Energl~IPcJite'ns'j ell! lis trik

p ~,d3J, G~,
5ldbual~ mua ~aa

b 3. r 4. 1 ,2 ~,~'m P'~ d i.h,,3Jrk:3l11, J~n~k fJlr di. daM f1fiJj,cdan I!..[rik

111.
,1-

ho:m, ~,n y.a~ Idi,t~.nl.bl{Jkan, IO~'ch muaean Ii, [ri-, +,q~d ip;~Illd'm kan d a ri, ,titi,- - ~c' 'b ,d'1:19 m. M:nf3J5 an 4$. U'fblwk mcm,~ndihkafii, IlUjJ~J[ -n Idarri Irru'cik , k,c b, d,i,p'c·r]ukan 'IJ,' ,~ha I( W)m 'LJ'sa:h,-, yan~ d, i. p"t';'r.lu k~ mll oli, e-b. mi. u. at 3, n u n,lnU, k b e'[~p.i, d,:3lb n 1~I~p'~n" n~' Ar ~"d 3 alah ,4 W . ,Apnbl~3 P D~is i, ~, ~

,adrul~ r d~fIJ P O'5;i :s.:i b, ,ad'a!i 00, '13." beSSIf. U~M3pog !dlI,~~an, da,par. d.i ru DlllUk3)n I~~b~ai b~rik,u t; i F1

~~'-~~ ~ya ~i'

die IU·'OO~3:t~,~,. '. IdJ , lti:ri, ' 'J

Ft., == . ,,'

~ij_ -

i(g~,-~ d,dt ,00' [at i:; padla Iiti k, b) -,

I( . ,S
I

c,lt.: '[Ii ,!tl,o~) l.i nr ...s: .n ~'L d- . a IPC 1P1.f;1, ana Iil m uaran ' .' '1' I 13pa(' ..,~ mgg, _.I 'I,u,ru . d a ill [gay ,e] ~kif ro !!H:a[~is rara- ,rara !!il e.~n.m';:]Il. 1m U 3,~.a.ln + ,q Ir' Idl,~,PI, fDj,d 3JJh k~.I]. ,da:p,~[ d.w n.y~t~ka n:
n1 end
• I I~ .

.r =r:tl:g ,KcciJ

"

FJi
~

.-iii;

JF~

'·'"b

F _.
'UlIllrulk .ml~WlW ~lldl.aIh.,k:nl!l

,F...

k~~~p.at~~Illil d ip~fll!Jll~,aI n
fl~[~!pi~nhy

.. b~r.t~,w~.:n~.n,

,~ra. ,F ya ~

U11J

~lr3,in q~' d,3,ri. a _.:)~' tnp~ b

b'~!!ilwnya a

~,aJ.In,,~

d e ~"'Ul

Jadi,,F .;;;;;:,.,.F.;;;;; ~~-'F ~

!['

9 2,

Fisi'k.a

xu unhik. S MAjMA,

A.:p~.bi~tl. a~h t;:aJY';a r- t,c'.rn.adap ,~.w.ah. ,p,c·r.pin.d ~.h ~.:Iil ~'IJ lll,aM III ..... ~ b,C'rsu u [a;, " 1111.3 'til, aha pcrpi n,d, an mru.ata n +q'daln a !ke , ad·aJjJJh:
.&. ,F
,&, ~,..

- F .. "S .ces (it,

;;;;; .. ,F
,['

.. & .. !iCO
,

0. '.• i~"""~' i~'.~.....~ ""•. m' •• ,.~.~ .... .••

. I.n . m.g,gJ.tan.

~. 'm' L IL_ ,~.t:. D

'.

1,5]1

'U" ~·~_1.:a .]
d.c~an~
ilEp' :;
•

• ..11 L ,~m!.Wl'll.Hln

+R , d ' _.~.:rl~ ~iII

~,3J.m.a

cda. cnc;~
,,4 lII'
ODS a;, .~

po['c'n$i~ Iiiuri.
, ",., ~

,d."

d'r,'

k. a d. n b ..
, 1"""
(_"~' ")

.E'p' :: ·=F

,., ,~. "~

j,

,~

'I('

Be.IFd.:a~a.,rka.n, P'l:ifS,3.lIDaan di at3J5 b'eiS ar u saha iU.nf.'u.:k. lIlIiIJ e:mi Hid ~h,k,am~,so 3U1 muara n ,dl aid: Iliiifl~k a ke I~iI['~k. ~ d [(IP,iU:; d i,'1: ~nt1lJlJ~aD Idcnga n :p c:n;arn aa OJ _c '~Inkut ini,. "¥' ~
'i :~

It. t,'1'

~"=

fiL

~)'"

, •.

'.....

~••• ,.,•• '~.'.' ." •.•~.... ~.,.~.,• .,.".~.

I'.,

.,.17)

, ..'

:8 crdas .• _n pelFSam
1

~d ark D'C'rrg; ,:n't U _I pIa ret p; ,b, ~y,3J bcrg.all't lu1g p._.d'aJ kcdudukal1 :;1\' it dan :aknir ~:ai~., ~Yhod~rn, ';ay~, yang', cmr1i,:ki:~ndi :n3JITl, - 'an 'm.cd~n g:,3i},a
.'.'0 f.'i Scf\f:arMr~

I. ) d i.krtaA'lU i ahtwa u sah.. p". a ng Iii n, asa Ill, y,a ng d ,i",ie' mpu h"
M III ( .:'"

;["

J ika
IC'53J f

n,r ib~~,3.

'ual! ~'lJ 1"'f r semul , pada jl ,:mk I[ - ['ern~ngga, f..... )~, ~'n,c'wgi,.f DE !:,n:s;i d n)f,~. ad alah no1;; ,I ••c:fIr§a Ill, d'!:'D1li m,d 3 ,
il
i.

,m![j,~U!:~~'i" q I' ..il1 1

,~

d ip:i nd

,aihl

Ita n !d

3.n

t'e m pal

y,3.n~

i3iU h

"I'

l:':aJk r"~'rLi.nPiPa k.~ ~u at 11

~,tb'~a ~ b~.r.i u t ~ k
1Lirr
"

It ~ 'f. ik.

b.

b'~5:il f U. !t3.h.

a ~'~13. a,d :3J. h ~

;;'''';'Fj!j,

iii!

1_

.=. In

UI

..afcn
I

,~:=1.o ,............
r
!:iii

'1_1\_'''1','W

,_, ......;r~ '~..£::W =.

0"
1;
•

~
-

(:I.
.

....;;"..,=...;"..,

r._'...., -~

--

J
.
.1!,Ij!lill~ I iii I 13r1,I!t!EI I!iii 1311 111111 iiijE I! !I lEi ,II III!E'I!!II.1!!EI • II! -I

1.1 ~ _'0of '

'W

::

EfJ- !Ii!; :: [ ,
1"':'"

'1:' .9' j."

011

i Ii !l-il !I !I

di m 01-- 5k,~n:
t.
t

J adi,

I!llnruk scmb . ,ang tiril.·,

esar

C,Iil,C'~' _.OU:,1il5~a1nya

.....

1.111.

.• 1Ii Ii •••

riII •••••••

~ ....

IIi ••

l.ll.

IIi

....

ill ••

111 ••

111.

~1IiI ••

i ....

I~'A, 1 fi)1 ~4,. '7

Iif!R.It1'~':
.i!p '~: cncrgi ,P etensi -aJ H'~[ri,k (J)

r q~ II' k·

j,amk ;3.n'[·3J'r-a T'I

.nl.'t!I.:~ra,~l.~ ri k r sr

an ...., (m,)

konsranra

(C) ~ c,m,baJlfDJdi.llg (9 x lO'!J' ,':.:m2/G!)

ICo n 0,1,
JII!Ji;;;;;'

S.oa~
LlI,dAL

!L"

~·b'I,"... m" ~....ldl n .~rn, _ Il,r,..". ' ',_

-" !IioII

II;' ~ Il

'" Ii' I"; L :ljlll. 1I,lllK

~,LIJ

JlI:'1r' "I,II ~OHlO 1_..",I"" I!1! ,,._jI_,IL K;,iI.'Ij 1I,1Ij

J

. W d. m _I"," _ ;.

,~llll,

"'"....el n
~

l .",

di

II~II "'~I'~I_. b sr Itt

3 . IJ

~I _1)1Io.o..I! 1_

m ~""n
_
~~I,'IiI;;.

_" 'kI."l ,_

...

·IIfII~..,,' Rl
~iIlIj

p'y:a .leI:.es ~u:' 2 Jj N' i,~j h .2,Q ,em. J i__ a~ a a,~ r=:~}_"~ 'b,~ U d u t ,30P tc'm ad ~,P ['$ P'C_ . i.n.. .M,a,[I, m,\)L--"'-an H'uilk, bc,_,>p'al,'beda P'O,[,t',fUi,:d linri,:k 'tcm,p'3!f ~~du,dukil .. d R ,a~,\I',aI d a n a'idi ij)' ,lin 11a -an H st [til t C'![5 db-u If?
PeJl)~,f!J(tS'. ian:
I~i~~£alfl] lUIII ;
'"L IlL·

,I!;'

~.i!'

It,ll;

'm =. '1h -~';J' ~ =' ,,L, 0 em:. ., X ,11·0 _;. II

1';., :["ilj

Ii

IOJ,.

;;;;;;

,30

fll

,
lllllllill

z uc

=5 J.,lC

_ Iru.'U~.ny3:

~,

"!!!l1!

J~'w'~b,!
IC'I'

Il.:.ne __
',-

"-'".'.'

·em.um

,',_.1

P_
'... _ '

. _,,~

_~it.,
,I

,_

t4Jr -. [ l'

'Q '~ (
I -. [

X l 0'9 )1(2 X ur
~
'l

H~x ur('i) '~. 7' ?

I _, -

)(

1i n.J ,IIV ..III

'm

K!

ED~1§i px~;J~.

R ~ ip~~ , ··if'Q.."," ~

~ (- xl 0' )(.3>: ~O· H-5x]1 !Jf') ~ 45'

lO-~'I

Ep d

~'I

~:

Ep'! ~ ,Ep,J. (k.~.~cia bcsa:ran, ~k~ ar) r

J ~k ' j :tridt
IC]"

,rata",·mE

I,

fOE 0 n

: '3[Ii,

,cd!rk:r frO',n daJI

3i(ImAli.

d II .' ,.:_.,:I.-

m p,c·u:·n.iru ~~-IIIDiik _ ]dJa j mk [lcn~bli:lJ:?' Dan" b€r3Jpaah d,eklf ren d3Jm. ~1[f!.D· D,n pada .p,rill !i'!i:S, ,P em isaini;] n"y ,-?
IP -

cn€~

perensial

2i! Potenslal tlstrlk

l~ it ri k. yai. tu Cf:lU:,~ '_' Oil: ens i:m. t j.3.P :s~ U 53][ U a Ifl, i. ~'Uj Iran, positi -, Porn:n. ial H strik [1~nl!lJ suk be' arankaJa.c" dan secara Dlar.,c'mal['lS, d~pa[' di :ru,[t[MJ'ska:[J';.
:P1,0:-c n'5l~ al

I
a,

.. 1-. .....

1I1.1i • •

11I ••

1Ii i •••

1iI.llli

i •••

liIim.

i •• lilll ilili

....

'I!ili

...

illl.III"III.

i ...

'Bi'tlda p,01rf:'ns,i.~, (['eg~~ Fl.) ,~.nIUI.f3 ,d U :3, riri k yang: ~ €:'lfada ,d il d~~ull1J ,m~,tln ~ilf:',riL: hOlD,~g\~n'[i ,~.tu~
.,_ ....11'""_.

A\'t.;;;;;
.

........... ,-

J16

'a:l~ 1m, ........................................

1i._

... -,r .~.

t'

~.~ Ii t1K31"en;:a ,.:.......,,~ :!,

,q

nl_a~'

_.I.~

0 _.

,.1\.

iii::

-I!. os. OO~ a"

'I""

.t

h ••••••

m.ri,

•• ~ •••

••

:2 ~ ]1

G, nnb:llf' O!!L 113: PowmiaJ IriStdk Ihe~ nb,mg ~ liiimJitil nl ~i' . _, dan ,11)"

I,n;g.."kad.a Iilg: ,d),'j tu lis, dC'riga n -,-C'~ am aa n '.V ~' "{~ Unruk $,d:!UllJ Uu~ya:11 n}~ d,i flll~i, s a -. '" '5; 's'C:!!ii l1 ai Ide "m,11 bil:f. 3- :31111 d,i 313 § t, P'O ('e:m~~ ;ai I~st':~D:k. su atu Ii ir.ii k ~~j,au,h, ~,. ,dja ri R'1. Data 111,q' b~S.3:rIl1,r:l ,d i].p at d ~n.y.3Jlaka n !j,t;Jb.,m b~,mi lE::' ku
,-.cd.
P'Ol:en ,i,al, kad
= '~:,

~r-~,.
~i

v ~.

,
Ii'

:a:tau.f

,i!'il~'

,!iI'" 'V

,J,

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil: :

'

iiiiiiiiii'

,iiiiii;Ji.J

'"

..

J'f!R .'.t1'1.J':

'"

:~: :n,~:~S!wal B·n ,rik, (1iI',ob) p..

::=::: m,u'31fan

.q
r:

In',nit
'3t3'S

(.eou.lo.lb}l 'b~b~:rn,p~.IT],UaJI,an
51] m,6,~If~ Ibe".sl:ilr;lil:ya

:~:jar.,

(,[({u:::rC',!i)

.J nita,

t'~rd.irni

p'cn~n.si,idl i,~[,ri:k. :mid,~liIJh j u.mlah :.tl,~that b,il:iu:adaln. ,m,3J;11 ~~ 1 n1a's i ng' pOf.,~'n 5i. a~. ,M' i. S.3~ fIIyil~':U ,1lI1Jj,plllll,:~ 111m lIl13.ra, n su m ~ ef." 3,d,aI~L, q'lI i q;! ~ d,~n, q:l " ~1l~k~ ..OlC',li'M~ ill I~5,1'ri~, pad a T~r~ ,P ~ ~

~,d~13h::

'" ~ V'II '-t' -II'

~, ... ']j'--J

-1m

n k V ,~. ""~-U+.' I'n' '+" '- '''l.J: '~{J:

. ..!.!..+ ....;;..:,..+....;;;.,!_ .. -'111 ,~ ':'J.

. ,Oil

q"ll

11]1

J 3rau

V:=: "iE~
-~

;til

:c.'ngan.
'[p~

11',1.

ad - ah j- [,ak

d ,~ 'j, adalab
ncgf,'J.Ir,i

, 'CS:;}.f;'3IfIIj '5 - '. ala

3.[ 'iIJ

r. s'chlirg

l-rak;

'l

r
I'"

~ ~~.".".' "
7". '

I( - ·+23)

"D I

qI

kc'
Hl

,d d

. j am__k If! kt:,

Rlclf.U,p-l· - n

kc P. Potensial Iisrrik

.' - m ..

pad"

filDrruJ3.t3J'[i1

f.IlIJS

em Mill kkal1 ta n.d, a, posi t i.~ dc,mgall bCr:li1f.

ICo n 0,1, S.oa~ ~.C ~ -.2 Il'C.~ .3 ~I'C dJ.;3. rn -,,6 pC 'II - _.'LIL d'I, n n,K.-'fUI.~ Sl~' dUII: 'ro~JHl!W,ll C'rsl~ ,ra,~ Al em pu ,lilY J~ _._. .;:•. ·~I-. L - _IL _~L· p . U ((~~.Ill •. p'~n', -fC, d.i ~'On~ OI~J: m~ :Hi,tu n~ peren ~J~iftrik ,di _'~tL', pus t B()I,~. k~dJ 1b~:rmlUJ,3.[3Jn +2
n- 11"1' il.""Mi I r'C - ;'''''b'"- •
-(Ii
'~_:I'

"il

-'t!ii;

r~ no'
'+~[
,(I

PelJ,,'lt1'1li
'Ii:kctahu Ii:

X '\1 I"

r. ~ .,. P ~,-

"",

"",

-q

oil

= +2 IJ·

=:2 x 10 6, C
II

q J '= .3

]lIC

=: ,3, ] o~ C
,-I,'

9:1 ~ ~2 ,~LC ~ -,~ x III 'C

qi4,~ ...6 f,lC ,~:...61 . :10 C' ,

m, ~,clili gg,a jar n
.

'P:iIi.r.3.ng IdliJltgP,1l1aJi :~.,2, . 'UJ

,~~. = .~~ =, ~ ... = If ,t" ~ -~. _, -

1r.I~a"pc ~ap mu~[an

,d':ui I[i,[ik. pu 3.'['

-I

~,-

,J!

,iii

~ ,_

,[ ( rii.P v .. R ~. .' '

'I,

O~·')I

= l() m I
..

, ,j r.3.nrva:

11 :: . II'
\(~
..

Jawab:

v:~-

VI~'T

'V -:. l' ) ,0Ii,

r
T

V. ~
=

if ~ .. ""l',!1~1_+~."+~._) .~(q~ +,~:..~ +~_'~ ,)1 :..;. '~~'.(q

.:!:

-,4,..

'"

q.l +-

"J

",J

~.!I

.!I'

U!i}~1

"

'X

IU'

,lCf •

(1 )('1.0.6 -,2::<

ruo£ +- 3" to"'; ,_ 6)l: '1 (r61

)1'iiiiii:

iI!I 1

lIIin-'

,1 •

~o·~

Iml""

1,-3::<

u]"")'

3~ Patensi,2Illistnik,oleh BOI dJ.,ondluktor Bermua:tan

Poten

h:ii is'trfl, di s,ckj,[3J1" eau di dal,;lM bora kCHlduLu,ow: a

Ib elm u ,3,[ a Il. ,dJ ap,al d~ t u ka ~ d c:nga n C3Ji3 In, c np, I1ga p re I r:rUJI atan bola b erada ,dJ i, ~. u ~ Jfol::a~ S ~,3 f;]~ ut illi) '3, .,o['i::rn~i ru
~Iil:ir.rik di t~£~ ~!""t[hik, piiBJd3 :§,uatu bO~3 bermuaran, ~;I!i:pC'N,i. ,dip,c,lrll'i h at'ka:n pad 3 pm bar ldlj 5sm pi ng: ,dap,at d i,t!:·n~,u:k.a n, m e ttI.u j, p!t:.na:m,:aan (4" ,2, ') ~ raj, [1]:
,G·anma'lI" 4.,'\14· 'Potel1iS~11 listTt k [pa:da bolal ~~d'u_~b

be~!!lata n~

D a ~i.pe ITsa aa n- pC~',~,m.:e., n ,d Ii at ~:5: d, flat ,d Ii. l.m pu Uta:n. lim b ~.h.',!y'a P'!) ~C ~ ~,~ ~~st ri_,'.di ,d. ~1.am b ()~ sa ~~. d,t:'~a ,n cH, al a ,P c:lrm 'U k - ,3, n bo! a, ~ch, .r.tg;g;a: i

..

It;, ..
if'..f '7

,~q unmL:
'U,fif

I"

<: lL
,.~, ,~. ,~ ... , ,,,.,

,..,. (4.24)
" ... , .~ •• , ."' •• " •• ,,,.

Vo!:: ::

uik, r ,>R

'BOl"

I( ,';·.25')1

q'ii Potenslal tlstrlk pada KlepinQ Seja~a.r

,
,- -, i'Ii

,..."

IKlC _

IL -

'I

n~' '."b

',it'

-J. _ I

!~""Ii i'"
'il; ~

-II.U I, C~"

"Ii !I! "-"';i!l

.t'l

",I .. -iiin~ !In'C~'.r I,' :ilI", ~

= ".

~ll as i, :ng:-

m ~sli g: n

d,;b eri m U3Jf[3"n "f da n

ah •d,1C~ b '. . ~II_J -~ " 'iiI,l.,~I't,

'iP.!Ii ~.,.,

(;41

R3_, ';;U'

m u ta n
~U3S.,

li:srriik

"dl~dd1inisi,Kan 5cb.ai

J
'110

=~

1
Ii ••

,mU3ita'fl,

,Iis'[ri,:k, p,~r 53W3n

~orcas j, al I,; 5 r [Irk.: - d ~ anta ra du 3. ,k~lP,iIll@:

~/,-s:; ,= ~.,
•••,,, •••• , " •• •••••• ", •••••••• ~ • ••~ ••~ ••••••• " •• ,••••

IG:arrtl; ~r ·4,;;'1,5 Pa$MS!i;a~:

I, ••• , •• ~. "., ••••• ,

- dw

:~

1.1'
.~.

r
'. .

kc~.,i ng
• ... i ..

USlrik lpad~ keping sejaJ~r,

t' !:'J'

fII.

Jl. ~ i

••

II.

mm

~I .....

I....

Ii i ... i

ill

••••

i .. i ill

II

!ij Ii ....

il"

••

1•

i ...

il

Ii III

..

I •• 1

IK: PiC! S,ltor <,C) I

'. ,'1"",-'

~:. pa.siror , eau kon,dj,ens,iltolr ;JjJdalah ~ .. ,- (ko.m,pcnl("ID:)1 a

yaJrng
I

dilbu
.'

mJ'U,;U3 n

"cdcmJwk:~n rupa 5dhi~~ m,a,nlp~ IJIC,nyJ,n~p'~n ~iSI~rik r ~ besar U Illmk, ,5 em ICO ara '~~l itr u, :" cbtIJ'm
!
[c'rQI~11,

,ilU[Qr

,..JI" •

atas IIlt.qJi ng",K:qlJ ~~' " ." ,m .)i"3'Dg'lul,"ar;;

1_

~I_,

"l.

~~.

"sa;WI

s;am l:ai n dcng,~n i~ola[',or., ].500]:(1[0,[, pc,nyck::aE di sebur z:t'1t J it'leittr:i k,. Sim b 0'1 r n,_ d 'i,gu n~lnlJn III It I,U: m enam pi ,I,:ka l W . t':bu ah kapa 5 I[ O:f:' d.;id - mil SUa tu F,iI:ng,k 3Jli 3 n I,"',-g; :ri Ik, " ,c!LI, albl ru

----11--' '6 !:t:-d

die:l ~.1J bah a,n,n)f3J a III I ara I i3i if:Ij :ka,p a~;i [01,(; m i~ 1 ~31i
3'5 a

:k~lp3S,~If. g,1f; '!ill:' eras, keeam ik.) p~.lii.u,[i, lei a.fI], Ik~ ~I,ekit m] l~ S!Ii: rn erua rn Ii .UI' 'lbi~,fld:l:l:5 n. h~clJt.uk.n'y~. Idiken d ~:m 3,lfl(.~ bdbernp::.t ~~p\ill;i,lti:o~ antara Ilain IkiliP::u'i'tI!"l~M," ",uln~6e1,dan :kapa!l!if.of' -,i pi! h si 1i t;'i,. ,~r' [g}l1~'u l~. ,~(;,'HU rut p~~[I,3'S 3 ~~ n "!raJ. d"31:ll mfil ra ¥a~'3n I~'Sir rn'ii k'i k::lP3!i,i U),f' d j, b~,aka n m ~nj ::tdl bpm,i rfjo[li'" l~elJO"Inr'!1 ang' m~:mpunya:~ ~.uf.ub . ·o~~tiifd'3L1l ,kuru,b, 1l1i~1~-f: y .. '3_Ji!j jU!g'3, lka,35i,to:r IIllD:D,po,llw:"~ ,Y:9J:r:ng, I;i dak, Pllemlp1!l,,11l.y3.i
ada
l

b i:l i:'W',ap 3J,

",~.Il i, Iii

kutlUJ/b bila di,p'3 '1ail~ pada

t

,rn,:rrugkai~,rn1 i)"l"'IJ;S balsk-'baJi,k. (A.C)., A,d a d,'U ;a;, ears :p c 111,:3J S::3J.n:g,3J.n ,k.3 p',a ~ i~'~ ya IIu f. a n p:l 11'1 mil ~Jll, ~d:.~atik_ n. kUfub-.ku.tl.1b:!lya 1(0 waJtuk kap~:li,'tof 1.1.o'ppo_ ~ r)
I~ IU

,G.. Rb
liiil'tiiCiiffi

II" 4.,11&

:kaplSitor antarn, Ilaiffi

Befbagal

d 9] ,1;1 d :ng:an r:nlIE m ,P e lflhat .k.3, 111 k.u 1[,ub- lie u ru 'b ,111y,3j I( ~I :n.tu,:k, I ~ .pa5l1~o:r ,p'iD.1 r.). B Cb~lrn.p3 [k,~ t ~ naan kS:p3.~:it or~13Jllta.~, ~ani n :!!1~bVt b ~ri _~~'t;
a.

lkaf).~sit1fal'; (,~)I~eb;l'h-ud'~lUg! I[b) OO'ttJj leyd' -_.~('le]I'tilm

Iingam" (d) ~llnk me..nel(an

~nmnfe~li

ee) yaliaJll'l~ m[n~.

b,.
c.

PlI~ IJ.l'nl 1m P,;lUl ,

F

,ftDl IIJUlf.iai.1l1 W $ nU~:!J W .. rol C fE[,a ~h '~c;"1IL111b,~ ra,d j, [) b~u ~g).j' O ng n;

m~ • 11._.

1_.', I~I~O~.!,

d.
e,

!~'b~~ kO:!l"1I,p@ n~n ra~m

Ji P1·c'mlla~ 'I_ - t. aro.Q.n ~u,~,

,p~'r.ata ~UlH paaa,

.JI-"

,r~a~_'!.'C'~ll

. 'IL. "I ap!,'d'· :p:!1._~, s,~~'f~'nl P ~~3!P.1,3.n m,o~,~ _ ';'

~n itam~'f k'lf;lIild,~~~n b(;·rID.'fitO~,

sl~b~ga,11 [F IA,II'[',e

Id,ala.lilil 01111

d 3)'~'

(POllJl!T

nfl'~).

1~ Ka.pas~ta,s, apasltorK
'V'
,Ii'lii.,ap

··1 .:S K31paS 1-or It

'~'i._

mit'

iHW'lQ;.-5i

kapUumr:

-. un fU m:enli,~mpi)n en:ef'§l_ IiSbik, UJrillJiJ .' m@ng hrrnlmkarn

hjlutle~tanIbunga ap] li~ri -

K 3J _. ·a_SJ1,[3,S arau bpliJl ieans i ,(11--,[n,ban:: C) dide ~IInru' ikan 5:1~-,agai . 'c~ba.[!Idingan ·3Jnr:af3. mueran ~i~ltrik (q) yang tc-,- inl.p.3Jf:l1 d~~nm, bp~~irJr.D:r ,dl;UDI~:H:d3
i" '~1iD

d.-

.mc,nyi:m _ .an. MtJ:ata!n ~,i·,t rik.

fl.'

ataka

11

'c'm:3 m plJ.an

11_

K;3i.PWI'[IOW'

po'tc,l].si -,I ('~')

ancara kedu: kA:p~in;-" Secara Di'i1,at·c,D'iJiarti··. k31 ~Jas,i ~a,p3.si.'[,or·d.apa.'t d l'll.w'li 's~a n .~a~b~j. Ib'~'n UIL~ ku(:

,Il~d~ ~n!J kaial!!ll y~~g melll- _ Ilakalil WMpa, m"sal BY.I: adaptor;, power
5U'pplV~ 1~'Dru !ampUl T~, iJ!Illtli lU!eimmh g'eloml1M:ng

1
C'

c = .!,. ....

J....

On"

_ ..

....

_,._

.......

_ ••

n" _.h

........

n.

(":".28)

pa;da pesawat lradio p;ene'ima (tuntnm.

tl t!,1.~gajl:'

=~ p__ s -·.~-pasirorr (farad) k. si't.

,;"ii'

,t V

:IJiIFUaran

~ i~' k. (cou ~, [,i

[0 -

b)1

:=:

'b~d;a pOt~.ll5iml ("n~~l

K' p:uit:3J~ I IF S9J:ng~lr. :i:!S:,ar~ ~~hi:fiigga seri ng' di n:a[';ak~n ,diI ,3JlH mil ~kr~r:.u'ad C.~l.·) dan pl,i.Lt.Dfa~ad (p: c), ,d~ 1l"l3nJ . , . P t" - ,I !IF'.~ IIO·!f.iI, ·c d- ,Ill ~ . 1'1:: = 11 .II~ c_ L" .II. w,";
,1,1,1

O'

2~ IK,f)'p,Clsitas Kapa.sltorr K1eping Sejajar

Dill . ~.~p,i,mlg: I.cr(].pc·,~g) s,eJaJall' .ra~ diberi IlDlUJa[~n. ( : Ii :s,[,rii'k Ible~ainan daJp~r ,1l!i,lc,Ilyi:m,p'aJn ilIllltWa:f.,arD. lisrrik, . ··.·c·ngan k:aJua ~ai ~1.t k~li '. '!ili~i a r' '[',.'irl,ebiuit D1i:.'m.f U :n}~3l_i_ .k:a~asit. es. 3:' , 3.lmbal' 4.. 7 Imrell1ll.aLmfI.ba.dk3JCl plf:'liIiJ~nd3!l1l13.nmuaean m ~i5nik. -fo' fda. It~ su 3~'lW If. i ik k.~ 'l':i ri k. :1 n. ill. n'l'a fa k,~,d a 'b il d,s ng ai u. k~~pla'~; G,3Iy:a,~: di ~ ~'U]~W,~,tt~ Ii i.~IJkad.ili6 '~anet~. b~'§;ar; Ulf. ap
1m: iI,

'-'1
+Il--------I __-------II .........

'U n.um,k Iliu:,m i,1il.dahk.3,fI]. m u ar -.n il u [,am:pa --,e:,Kcpa'[3J 01 ,d~pH\';rlulk3n gaya ~a.i n u II1I[u,k m e~awan :g;3lr -, F sebesa iir

....... ------1 ....---

·'k~ F ._ ' .~: '-q'" E". , ~nl:~.n- d !~IFBilL_IUII.n· b .1C·~ar

!L IJis~lma

dh nY's. ~.. a -.3_.,~.:

al

tv ~ F~J'~ '-fJ~"E"J
+ ....--~ .. --.....

,..:' cngru ~'[ iU s,ah 3. 53Jrna d'i:'¥ n .' 1,li 5 ltri k,. di~pi~,rol~h p~,nam,a~.n:
\elf :: E~~..,(~~ - l~)
D'c'ng3 n ~em i! md.a n~

,!il:'W

b,ah f:], e: 1llli:1§ 3.

POJ[·c,If]..51i

+.~~~~~~~~~

+,

............

b cd~.

paten s i:

I a nt ~_Irn. KC!-u ~. 1em p c ng

:kapasiro r
G_d' _r ~ l_)" I[I~) Kapa5iml kep:1ng

i: t LlI.

'~J

alah::
.• III II • III "l~ ~ •

yg.

II ~.

III ~

loll.

iI

Ill.

III

II! ....

II

II

II

II

•••

!oI ...

OIl •

III -.!

l!l

1I'l ••

II

k.epi.. sdiia~' (b) garts,..· Ig:ans illJedan nshik. kaJpasrlDr:

J f!.1.~ga : :tl!
V .E

srdaJi1ir.

,J

;;;;; b,~dJ;3. fhJI[cn;s i:aJ (~tQlt) = ~ruJ 3'[ rn cd.,3JrID ~ il ui it. (:NJ C) = 3 ..rak. ~.~dJ11lI.3.. .k·~'pi.ng .mJ)
I

91

Fisi'ka

xu unhik. S MAjMA,

~M~: ng~r ku at m,~da ~ ~,ngi a,dalab .F... 2..,... /j'" _ . _ ,Eo",_E!ll'_

'" :::;;E,.J:::::

~ st rik. d ~ a:nta rr~ kqii ,~~ ~

51~ia",~r.
IIl1Jtara

.nul!"1l "'"da pmICl1Jsial di.

"e" ,i:rng '5 c~:ai~U' d im m u ska n:

,L':I'
l!O!A

.d

dwm,aJIm3, " ::::;;

5

]I' 31d i~, ,k pas,i,'t3c5 lkaf.h3J itor kepi ng ,e '9 '~I.reo •A

q :aji'3J f

3d alah:

~ v' ~, 'v.i
.~ !': I.II!

II'!!!!I

III !

,!"

II !I-!!!

-!I.IIIIY

!l1III!!!.

1!!1fI."!!

.:lI!'!l11

III]!!

I!!I!I.

!I I!! 'I!

I!I!II!

I!~I!

~""!I'

I!

I! III

4... 3]0

J't: !Its! ,.n:

,A

..• o ,....,p'CfJ[1,IIU" rras ,m,ang L n3J:mp3, an1iu. u d 1m 18:,,85 x ~fr u_ le/N n],;t) J' = j.3Ir,~ k!~pi~' (m)
IL.·I d" A,P~U'U~, 1-,-1,

Ie :; ,kapasi[3_'5 ,It- p

,"[,Or

(F)

ll.!l3$

p!~lIlam"p3ng:
__,t'lt _,!r,~,

Ib~l?,i~ 1{.1:m,~')
Ji'·iIL' -

L' • ,tt~p,I,":=: sCJ ~ ~,F' 3J

'~"I,I!!l'en za[:"'I~'e_,cit't:~t.!FU(."

d~ ]

Ii..

~~-

p c'~,1lm! \~'E,a5, ru,a~, iii

; ~~ ermmvuas
== K·

Z 't

h3lMJ? ' at:au uda d-"d L 'k ",~. CKU1,.

"" ,,~ ~ ~•• ~

m"

c ~)

d i=

IIl'l'tL ,d,'~ng~ n

:j!

~Oi ~.",.,

~•• "

~."

~. ".......

(. :.. ,3,],

dlC~,3:n K

ad:aJ'Ib keasea

• IL • 'apaSaf3.5 K,3p,iJ~~'t,oliF d~ Dlu.s k3,n_: m

De ngan "'e iJJlcj k '" '" JII" nil_II, "'Ik ,~.'qJurugscj.ajar y:a ng d' b' 1;;:U' '0 ~C\IJ ili(t n. ,I~ _,e,n C 3:"'1

nt' , leID id, -\., rik.

"I'

If~, .. -1 \~'I!

3,~ Kap,asjtas IBoia Ko,nd,uktor

1(11

:pl~d.,a,~,ol a k!a:Dnd,u ktoT ab." ti m blu 1 pDt~n 5j,,3Ji ap abi -~. ert' m,ILlI.3Jtt"a [I. "I'C::'irn m~ L II,3, ,ttADD.o LlIlCIf.,o:r ,I,lLIga lin, e'l'H,pu fIII,ra~ b ... 11._. IL ' .' L .. l' 1)11U1I
_II
11"'....";11.

_'. ·P~'iI!",."..... D""'I~ ,r c'~~.,~ ~~~~ 'C' n _._ ....-_.'_, m ~."" _.'~. ;;Y; u
'_ ~
m;, I, W

,~

II \1'

JI "!< fI'!Io g ~I!.I!!

V·..-

'

Of 'P' -

om'

~l.-, n"'"'" 'IT.... 1!:(,~,i'~.::Ji -' -' .g;i'

·''IH~''

b,ol'aJ :ko nd'Ukt 0 W' ,d,ap 3t Id ru 11['1, U Sk.3 n:

c
I

ID~a k!1pasl tor ya f:1!lgd 151~ISl.!n Sl!:Gifii seri, ooda potmsia I "Ping I~e bllti1 Ibesa r ~e'td al[piii t II' a,d,a Hf)asffiWIi ~,ang kap.asitans,in 'fill II~ I kedl.

=: ~
.',

C-

o!IF

.
!Il iI tii EI Ii 'Ii iI' 13 ii' 1I.1i ii 1.1i iI!!i iI ill'I i Ii 'Il i ~ It iI!Ii. Ii !I! Ii "Ii iI • !Ii 1i.1i!l • II! EI i 111 Ii II ~ iI!I! iI 13 !II 13 'II Itl i iI' Ii Ii I!

I _.

., .,','I (" 33)

i 13 .• "

Contoh Soal
~

..
,

, ''L

u;;::a, mlllllHIi't.3il!rnl '~ll.:~Ul ~~panUll,5" H;I!llPaI,!iil'iltor:

JlI

Ii-

1._.

'

L d'U~.(St;lll!ll{ll;U b C!ITIJ _.~L '

.c

rut-ru

rut !§'~.-CS:l1U," ',IJ,.

'6

d:lJ.D

20 ~~,:' t,c'Du.ltk.~n, b~ ... pICD'tc:,ml'~rnal k.apa~,it[Dr i

[~nc:hLlt~

P'e'nyt·,IflsltJ.l1 .-

:DE_,c:'taiuJw': II =: 5 ~C =, ,5 X 10"
C-"11I"Ii1 t1.r .... IF u

_,

'x

Ie
1

9'Wnl.fi..:5, U

'N!:" .1Il!"'

Di[-,n.fa~ Jj];w~.b:

c
'V

, .~C
'V
i

5>(~Cf6 ,_ _)( 1O~:s .... .,. .

.2.,

S:·ebuah ,.3.. P3.si,

ID,f

oll!:mpu n13~1 Iuas

'Hl.,3!'lili :~;.;
IlJ

1;

,elm.

A:pa6ilat

l[farU3:t:3.n

bi1da.mg: -', cm,~ dlalll1 j arrnk ,k,~du3 bi,d,an:~' m,::1!Js:i.:ng· bidilJ.lIIg .\~4..2SLile dan .,pl~,rm.i.ri,riJ£ajj
ij

,~C.U;f~~,
ill.

uda.t'a, 8 !ji8.Sx 10

'CIN~ IJ Ill'~ ',e'ntLII"kallili:

c.
_ I~

b~d~ p[~t!~FI.!ii.il at

a,1:1.'1: 3J n,

kc;\dlu~.b,~ ~ da

1h:.3,Piil'jit Olr.
IU,:.1l

p,~ J1J~l!l~r4;_fI~l;

kcrah tal Ii. A

=

J
.q'
. I)

:~ _ cmr~ .~O 'CnI .;;;; 411 '.25 ,IotC

l:~

=·
_"
':ii:

:K

1- n ,U-

- -- ,_!

_' Ii l'Ii-J .""" _. X .~~ lin.

.~ Q I ,_ D I"

!~......

,~-

II III

0'·

lU

c::'N-T.

,.,t)415

X ~.0-1'1,C
In

1 i'Ii"Ii<.J

K
Ih:3ny;3J~ ~.

;;;;;;.5

C'

- ~.. ?

'D.

C di~,~n .K:: S

- .....

:iiI
-

41~ R.angkaiialn IKapasitor

S:'~P'C !h.m ,1.WY'3ham bat 3.n l,iin n~" ,IU~pmiili to [. jl w_~ d 3Jp3!f. rti ' Lei i m:-.kai s~cl pa,rnl~ atau ~~luln:pu a rnf3 rn, !~ri, an palmi ran d . Unrn!k ra~aJ[ian SIC." d.~.!ll, ~.mld ,prad,a kalpa~i h~~;1 ny~. p r.Dr~ b-f',d.ai,na.n d~.nga1Ilr.aJ1~kala~ ~,~ri .an. para!d. p~._- a. hamb~t~.p_. d
'Il FI

100

Fisi'ka

xu unluk

S MAjMA,

a.

Ran,fkalia Serm Kap'Elsitor n

'U . .ntlU. 'k .
IL m. ~.1lIil fl'~·lro. ] e..n .~ ~ L '. L • nIl ,3i~ .K.~.piil'i:i t3'5i Il'.t ili.pa.I.I. [0.1'''

ya. n;~

I,e:hih.. k!2~il
mJ.~nV1llJll l.II, n S
ul'

d,a:r,i "I3.da

k.3Pta!iii,t~.jj s~:m ul,3.

ill;

~ul.~.~ah Id.eJl;~.3J n
r.:lllPk3i,3.Q -~

bifb~f3p3. k~Jn3.i§;l[Or !ij;~rnlm .!il;£;J1" .,~"T F!ioftbU a!. """T .k.a,p;a:dror s~ri d.;h~ri bl:d:3J. ,pot.;~.n5la~ij pa.da !ii~W~p
mJcm'lPcro~dl jlYl.Ll\~.~ .. ~luar~:n
,~.~.

.k.a.:pa.d1t',ollr

5:iJJ.ma, In.~_jpun

brc'5j~.r
liI"q .J!'"'2 ,1:')1 !I..
J .•

bp1U~ ,Plya 'I:,,~d ~in-3J n, eas

iI _. 'if I = '')M'l

'-:~J ~. '-:, ..

_.

{J'

Jill ,~ •• ,•••••

, ••••

~.

u ••

~ ••

~ .. ,.~.....

A,: .3bii~a b c,da

IC"clj aIe,ill;
:II

pIO·r.crw 5' a[ ka --C'aS ~ror s eri

l[iC,

~,clYlJjj'f.' 'V - _, ·V~

!l13111t!~

.Il !:'f ama an:

II!I

~~

V·

=: 'V·· T 1:l '~~ _. ~

~
I

!I! !I! !I I! I!!!I!~

!I!I!!!II3!1!!P13~

!PI3!1

II!

I!

"!I

I! !I! I!

ea ea

ea

!l1!1!I!

"=

.~ 1 'I. __C +,_"..!IL_ '_C Ie

""iF"'"

.-.
ElIt!II!
I!!!I!!I

!I!

I 13!11!1"13E1 II!I!I

13

I !III

I Ell I! t!!lilEi

ElI3!1!t!EI!B!

!I

!Ii

13

;'1I~1':

~ 6) ..,; ..
,

<
I

·1

",1

. ',!

'3
I~

s ca ra se n

II
I'

VI

..
~

c.

III
III

III

II

Ii

v-- II ~

:_··,enruk m¥;aiitin 'kap.~ ,i,[Or'yang' idisumn k3Jin ,da 'G a:m.lbill!,f" 1' . ~

S'~ld

d~mnjuk-

G,_nlb _If' 4.,,'[111: Ra ngka ian sert kalpasitDr.

Contoh Soall
~n:gE1

~~"pas,i'tor Ma5ing-m ..j'~i,ng b,~tkilp'a.swtl.5 .2 p.f-., 3 p:~.. ,d.an 4 ,l~,Fd,j5U51!:Hl, '~,~ri.; 3 k~m ~di 31n. d ib u I~ b,~.rIH ~,ni.k 1 3 vO~lr" T~nt:l1 FII p0t:cn5 ka st rik Rl ~rs;~- m~.~; g n

kt31p~.!!;i~:orr! Pt'FI !pel~Ili8,~,'

c'n ~
l

im ]~

D~kc[ hui:

c :;_ IIIIF c· ~~.• :f'

IIr"
11.11.
~-

.1

CJ. :;:4· II,.'!F V ~. 1,,j ·\toh·

ir."'"

i9-.J

111 ~_
I~ ~

•, )...
i ••

a,.. ~I =r :l.
]I -

•.. ~,
ii!!, ••

~
•

C.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiii'+iiiiiiiiiiiiiii.Ji..........,.;,

~.

C~ ~2

c,

,I

,~,

......

~ c.. V "" [tixlO

a,

!.3

pF=

C~

,+ ..... '....... .............................. ' 1 3-

:1

I.

6+",,;3

,;}

)(10-' F

13", 1.2

uc

.' •.

c.

b..

Re "19 ka ian P'ara Illel,lKa pasi tOt'

i

~-

... ---t

£;

:1< :ap;a5i. [0 r y~ ng' dl j, W~; .~~k~, p a ral 'e,1 a,p 3,b IU,~a d ~ be rli, It~.a ~a nl 'V s ~r.,I,ap k ~pa:iitOor aka D 81,~Ifl,p~rfl~ t'~, fIg:3l n, ,dl
yal~,
!lj3m;]IJ~

Y3i,tu

"-I:
i

!!ile·liti•. mgg9J, ,p3~,:a,

,~aIV9;,3Jn, lkap3~IUI[Orr

.............. C.

p~[f~"d hc:d aku:

~;[l!I

iiiiiii

'VI ::.:;~

;= ". J

••••

m.

,j " •••

• •••

• i ~ ••

, •••

i ••

j ••

••

,I • ~"

•••

j,"

• ",.

(,'

"

.3 R)

,dCRg,iU)l.

M Cii:l,ggillJ ,[1,a,'k _'"n pCir~afl', .n I(

!,..

1,6:).t maka

,k:af,l

,di,'e
6'1_ _ 'arlr 4,.,1'1
1......

fO~eh:
,I'}.
Cl~~,

ftal'il..rg .aian

~11I! __

II'

1\'lI~~Ji, .... 1 ln:lioc:·~ 1'" .... i!i"'E.:uJ .... J.1!iOJ 1fii.m.....,.--I'W'ollI.,

c:~"
~1

~:::::

1-

01'1, ~~

Jl

'-t'

~',JI.
~.I

,~,

,,.,,,

".,

'~'T' -~. ,~...., ,,..,,, •• --,.- ''''' ,-' •.,.~, , .., ( ':,

,39)1

I~DllIIJ:~

ClI"

v~T CJ.~~
'r"

+ I~i" ~

B"e;r- ,3sarik:1JJn C~,

:=::

pCnall);33ICl

{4m3:B:)~j malta,
i.'.~••Ii."'i"

di,p,~~oIlch,:
~ "' •~ ",••~(_::., •••• • ~iO)1

c~._C
'1"'

,C~.."
ICJ
'1"' •••

,A abila k,rd ~pa.t' ,~ _~ ~:5i,Ir.'~lr[f m,,~k~! ~p

ell' ::. elJ

Cot

i"'

+
I

c~

.m.;

••••

,••••••••

u •• ~ ••••••

~ ••••

(4,.4~)1
',fill

Gam bar '.:1 mem pC',1i iha kan : cn- UK ~an~kai 9 k3!pa'Si [0',[' yii mg d i5 U 5 U. n. p,tJjraj tell. Contoh Soa~1

pad

c:= 6 ~--I'H""' ............. .

~ ~ 3 J)f
~iiiiiiiiiiifII

1 0 '2

Fisi'ka

xu unluk

S M.AjMA.

P~n)'f:~/t"1(;1ia"l! .'

:ru~.e£ahu~: - 112 -. II"

'1", ....
"PI! ·"-iII,!Il; .

111'

.J a:~~~'~b:
3. K.a.'p:a:!i..itns
t
§.l
::iii::

k~P3S,i'N) ..
!!!

Ii'

pcogg;a1l11i

C'~ dan . 'C'1. d.~.rnM~aiseri ·0 .ifS!f!!o;

C"'~

c:

,d,3.'P

C~ P,3j d.~ 5 c:'.h i~~; cd

.

r I....

1 1 1_,1 ,3, ,;;;,; +...........'T .....;;.;;' ............ _,..... C'. .~

..:..:..

jliiiii' IllF

C'" . .I

-; I

C,;11

3 pfl' . C' ,d~l'Ii1,_C, di,rnn~Bj~ se .. ~ ~ - C51 ~ .II "' ,ii·m.._

], C'
C'u
:~! 'iiiii..

Cj

I1......

"+

1
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii

w
.::::::!'

C.

3G

'ru 6 ,+ -- .::::: ~.F .

~'.'

••. ---""'i"III
a
Ii"-'J

b
--1IIIIIIII!!II!j

........... ------.II1..,....._1 ~II 11--1

J ~F
R'='C '~!l1 1_
:. -cc
-1}11! •

ID

2~F

J.!

~ C . '. '~/~. I _.
'Ii '

11 III!I
.

J.l f' X ] ,2 volt ':. ,q .: 2, . pC

'~;;;;;:

'I :~2,..' piC

'IJ =: ,q'_.
V.
Jl
:::::::ii

CJ

24 ~,C 3 pf
'

=. ".

- ,r{u'[ _ -II
Y'O~Ir.

'v' ::: "Ie' . ::: .1, ~.]J'G 'f IJ.F

.:'.,

: '11 3

ro.m", p.' d flO 3 p.. rC:'Mly,bu"l seri d.~ 1~1!:6e,r3,ng: 1b3h~'rni, I 6 'ygh'1,~pe~'( di'ull ni'ukk,3.n I'll. a

hllJJ.

~B1pa5;li

;nliA [b,am'~

e 111 3. Ill, IliI.:k

OJ 'U al,3.m

pad.a

,k.ap 3'

t'l 0' t

dan 'b c,d ,3

f !i1t~'ftI'~liaI p~ld t~.ap' kap aJ~i r~:n·~ a

~u ~j'r,a H s r ri k m e n~,mlbruJk n p crt cruli al n ik -an u n u,k rn cWIllina;3Jh ka,nn.y' d i,:p,c'~rllu '3; n U~ ha. U,ntu 1-,' -, m em - eri m,u,atan pj_)[d , :uJJaru, kIp sitor Idw,pcrluk~n uih, , ~ rik, ,,- n !Jj s. - ca, ~i sr rik ini d'i siin1P.l], Id i dala Iilrl :ka'p,ils~ [0 r iSf[' a
f!_

s,c'b"~ai, ~,n!:r:gi~ Pem b,eri. an

-am

1lJ,'U3'['3 D

di mu I a,~ d - [w nol

p,ai ,d f:'ngan " 'coull QIBIJ b., '0[I:'n5 i,all kepi :n,:-c- k:a,_,i3JS,h:Of juga bCRI,'. ,d',an, o,oJ 3:Inf.H~1~ dc~n 'V' ,CIt m Hnilc'~ ~Iak b,Cl

p eren ~j, iI [rati'Ii.- rata 1l}1i,a, 3,d aJ ah:

If +0

C,2,
III.

,2, ,t +0

.2 C' ],f 2C

:~J

,..""",IL, ... ,
.::I11Hlfl.d

il!

1':. ,'., 'V

1ft: ,. ,-,~
..!

IF ~ 'fJ ,

zc

'H,., , .... " ,.

,"

a, ~ " ,~.

, ~.,'

••

~.

, " •• , ••

~ ••

', • ~,

, ~ , •••

a,

(-

Be.rd;:],5ild<~Jn W

,pen,a:m,3,~.n,

II lll" ~ 2-"(It"""''IF J. , L.ii

__;, c

'r

1(4.21 ll' Dil3k~, ,di,pef.'ol"ehl:'

J ad,i,~ c~ y:ag
!~

1['C:Rii mpan,
1,)",1
!i ~ 11. 1i¥I!!I'iI~,

pada k31,_,' uitor ,-,d;~d,- :

iI'Ii. l3!1iii 111 iI!t3i 13 h1!l!El11i1i 1311 iill. iili! I!~ ill

W _,I C
_,!!!!!!III!I!

' .'
,Ii I!I!liti

2:

i.

--; 'I

,"

,-:11:.),
J

1 -

S,'ob!Jl-Iii kap 51i[lor m [C,m, pu ny,ai k ~pas il if ',~ ! ---:'C'_ ~ak&l c:n'c,~~1- !l1g rers imp ane PetlJ~,t:Jesan: i
11~lk,c[3IaJluJli:

','

~l F' d i, bi~ fti

bed a P oeen 5 i, a1 ~ 5 volt,

CII~ a ".fa: '(

ja~"'al,b:
l'V-J' '~~I' ::::.:: ,.....

' ' l ,;,;;;: .".~

'1

-;.;;.:' dl,

;::ii

4- _ '~o f

11 ;~ -,5, va

I:

W,.

J II. '110' U C .11-2 ~ .....' 'e» ,>t ,II. . 6,)' .'.(7'5 J _, •...

~"Ii!~',..l1!

'J "),e: X

,II,

11

It.!! _

n-,· I

ClUJ,le'

111-

".

S:eb1l1l:ah, ,Ilea,pui [0 f :~ p " di ,h,u'bungle a n ]12 ,tc,r.simpan d~.~am, kap~:~~,tol,rl

PrIJ)"eJ~;'litl11:

~ "

Id,e~3J_1Il

,3, kV.

Diikctahui: C
Oli~,lr3,hy3~

w~,

;iiii'

']

.,

~F
?'

;iio;,

~,,2,x ~(Jr6

:~

V,

:t ;;;; ~ .It·,,·.

L'V'

~: -

3 nonI U. -u
,'[I!

V,_, ,

U.

104

Fisi'ka

xu unluk

S MAjMA,

oIi'Ij''!iC£,' ~T'I'~

b'·
....:.',11

Percikan Hsika

'e5iR

oto'opi

ftltok,api in i dU'a~afl ea n de nQ,iIn Cd fa l dim ku :ska 1m ,e' 'tab un; ya Iilgl C!I ilmua'~ I!S!rik, sta ls; Mua'talrilstaitis lemebalr dan 'm eh!kat pia da tabungl deng'an melil,esua~kaln gl81ap taRIng, pada dokumen ,asU.IBubuk toner d'L:llff, olelh Imlurtaln sta,'~isdi :sekel~linfg tablJng,~ ,arn~lk~lmudl~arl d,ip~ndlalnkilir1 'selemlbar kell1as, '$a~'inaIA ke' da n dlikering ka milme la lu pelm,illn.aISiJ nl.

If'ileSlin

fomkopi I1fI ,111,ghilsilllkan :sannan dok,UDlQn s~lra

eepat dan hasilnya jelas., Main meny:tJ,mtka n 'sh, ar kJe' :dD~,Lll1iI1iien alil~,.C itr3 pa nru lannVli

I.

Pt1.d,~ sua: u k,ii!J,P,3'UlDlr 40 p" I~f n11U3ir~ hi ~a d ~.ri harc~ai ,da.Q j~, pelD,w!db .~.i Inc-I&q,~ ng
_s,mp!m

,K, p8!!d,tor Id~~~pr8J~k ,n ,,,B~ ~t@.r di n MIdta~ d _1Ii ,J·,5 ,ID ,11~ \

8 "loh"

3,0 m:m. TCJ'Jmk~fI:

}"a,PI:: w,ainya rersimpart
tern . DlllPan

m.l1:IDt"n p'~d:a k~p::ll!i:ilr.or.

H-~I[lIJ,~~I~· ene~ Y'~ ,... __ _ '__ " djisi _ u an hj~

b.

b ny_gy~ ~n~~

d' '___!

"laJa~
l

-'1~I

b _rL Sc_Uan,

dJ_m, k:__p_~!S~ ,o!i~

" ',' ,pasl,tor

'£0 I?'_:F. ~ '~I_, • II!l ~a.

~I

bc:da

Plc,-cm5 i

.... daltl kV'I

b. mu t. 3·, Til. ' k3_ a

I "

di~, i m,Dean hll'~; ",~ 0'15 'v a €'(~a, p 0- (',IiiIJ! ~al antara pc' 3~ U f III ~:,"1lIj ill ngnr _ b . WI,U alf ali'll 131 ;a M ai, '.r ,m ~$1. ' " kap1ld!!l i'f,lot:t d:il n
I~rh:;,.,~ yang: teFjl~ D1.p,3Jn di ddam,
5iu.'!i:'D'lll

n '_ d m~lS~."'m,I~i _ pel mitior rna w~-m,,;11 i,. dc,~an

. dath 30 nC~

,k,. p,alit 'nISi 1210 pf;, m rsi ~m,a!Si Ill' di'llW1~CmlUJd·" n dihuJ ''IJ .,an secaea ,cri. Tcn_mkan:

c.

ill

I
Fislka _van Kila ---leh,illle,s; ,Aug uslIin d,e: COlu'hlllm Ib I[ :17],1,...:18U &;]1
1

Ia ,8hU fls1kal bangsa PrEIiI'Iuti5,!ah ir d i Augoulslme padsl ta'ngg,9111 1l,'4, Junm 173'0 daml menlingl9aml dlm P'alis pads, 'b~lIillgga I ,23 AgustlJs .l806,~ Ma dlll!::ena'i sebal51B3rn Ipienemu Huk!Um ICcn.llo,mb (178S)~,neraea pur:rti ("mr:si~[1'i'), insintyulr lrnili~er:, insp-ek.tu!lr,je~dera~ pend[dI~ikan,~aln p" ngalra,ng, d Gouomlb beral:sal d,af keluarQI;a bangs-il- - 'alliiL I.a Ibersekolalh di lnsti~ut Tektnol:o.gi, IM1e:z:rnefies" se'bua h IP'!rgUI!'U8 n lti'ngg i; tekn ik perta mal di du~ la, Se'telah Imleraiihl g,ehl r i1nsiiny u r fal malsul~K,olrps iln's'ifllyl!J r kelril~8an.,
1

Ta hun [~j"'9 Cou~:Dm n1eng a na~li i~s b 5 glese'ka n pad a miesin"'m@-,-s~n ibell'p u ta 'yalib.tl " tnta rlgl pel U IJ1!I a 5a11i1 ~ 'a pu la

lmen rt _·s Itenta1ng II' em blUJ,a't:allna a:t 'ya nlgl lD~teda dli ba walh p~ilim'IJtaalnillWf' ~aut: v,a ituJr Cal[tSi50n;;

va ng

Ga.)'3 CQu~om,b a-,

,'1,[1

gay , dO-:trosfal:is I
,

dimyat

ka,ft!

F~;
=:

Rqt'
r

,I· ~

€:IIF~ Ii ~ '"'
+
':"'

_' '9

lO :N,m,lI Cl'm

G oaya ~l~klf. ml5lrtlt,i'51 pi3:d a

G )";;),~] I:kt.ro,n~ti-s

0 m Ui3J~,a 1i1- ,l11liuat,3Jn

y~ng

\'I'

C,.

·3 W'ii s,

,FJ

1.'

p' .... , J

pad3
.~ '~, ,J"2'

IInU::lt.

n-mlllJa~~,m ya~,

r~~I'3Lk,!il~,n!i:.

F :.K·u at ".....Q

I "",l;

E'w + Jl!~ + ....;.f,

2.

oosa.._
_j,

[II".tlr.llK ae ,3L.!il1 Ih "1 b ~i '. ~ya 1- IIn"k ) ng b' ,e Il ' P3JD 3J '§;UJ atllJ m IlJ ala d I L ,,9!n UI!il ,m_ IS .. yjli . ,~nt;a,1iiI ib~::I1F muat'3~ uji tl~,n~b~t. B~$3Irnf' kll131f ~~d,mn Hsrri~ Idi,lIIyatrdki3n:
__I. n1BU'l"

l:

F:oIfDlU1a! Hllku m i
1I1,«lIet'

= ,.I.........

'1'

G3JiaJ~5

(fl1:,,,t,)1

,listrilt

m li!:ft'" ,3Jk:ulIJ 'lle3}nvs: j,"l1-lIAJ},111jlil'~~·,gar;fi(/';,s g-rlJ'a J''iJrlg .',flU fTmhus p'iTR'lI'flU"d'" t'lJII't,U;tU/1i sl"l&auJ ',m JelI'l'·n

jl'lIJ'11dh aJj4IIJ_F ''!It,!at~'''1 ,mlri. _ Ji fig/tim ~P'""~U_'lJ~I;J '~I]'ll:l~. KIU3'1 Ilfl ~d _" ~'it i_': i 3l Qta ~ ,du 3 ,pd_r ~J ~.f' 'b'~m u:aran ~_ allah ; rd aj
'ID

U~ah,3

. ~3.11l:di PCdllll

ka R u rnir.~k .IH"em ijJ'],d,aJrtk3l.m1 m

1:13.t11111

dI,a iii

Nl.i.1.'" '

k,

9.

~e

bald :a!I,ah:

~ - ;;.;..q~'1'(
Eru:l~ p,ol[cnsial

1 ,= ~-) . '11, 1". . HSl[fU-t

di 1iIi'

E.p

l.q.qli' = ........ .......,

PDf Cn,5

iaI dJ i su ll1.tu 'fi I ik

o~'mm d

_t.aln

'Q ada! d1: V '= k., .

r

Hubongn,n u.sua d. m b'cda potclm!~at lutri,k d~rLllmJ!l!JJs.kLR tV -Ii =, q (- I. ~ \~).. Kap- '5~lt kaoasiter ~dMJah kcmalBpuall1l ,k. pasiror IBcn}fJim an mu, ran ~rn'U';riJ(.
8~~!D"'nv~dlin;~-"'aJr_3n ~ '"
-- aJPill"

olch: C:: .......... V'1_.

,d'

as ka " sirer kql,i .. f,qaj r

'-c

I
~l

'::: 'C~'
I

'e, + C~,'
1IIIIIIII

J,

I
J

"""

K~p'1_ iras pada

f..nJc~

'_ .3i~ _ k'_f-~i:ror .pal ,~d Iff [Ojy~[_an: ,C~ = C~ ' C ~ C' .n '" J
,kll_P:3l'lil[o,1I m,mlU ,tlli
~!3n';

1 1, W..." ......Q,' ~ ....... C.l ~ 1 -~' 2'

"""~ ............... ~''1 c

Q"';

rt., P,1;/JIAIJ i, •

j'f'l.l'lltlbJ't-l1

,~'1

'In/iJl

"'P'i'l t.' mll!ll3Jf. A ~·'u~f1i!k.ildsJJah ." Id'i' If [3." s 0 If m;al[o,r I~. 'U'cto kop
m

A;hu:
a,

Il111l1fuk ,lnl1e"G'€~';ah,'uw ad3Lnya

t ~I es

IbD p

b.
{:,
nrlIlY,3Lt

opr:aJ, m,iBlk:op'
e~ J'O'.dCD,p' 'r:.kJt'
3J III

On a. bu m
a,

tan po:-~l\li f I[te ~ i 10 ~ N' ,d.an ba ar ke.dU3,

ID u.

Gj ald~,:5 a an. J i:ka gays ~ak- 11ft enDI,~ ~€llh13 " m,U:3._f.atfll, sam be-.n. IIntrl3!tan teacbUf ad al:ah,
5
t

:~ 2:.,5 pC

d.,
e.

SI ",C

h.
e,

7'1)5 uc
\9.[

:~, jWC 0

~~S

J,JC

S. Em,

bu3.h Dl~Uif~ A ;'8, C~,dam 'I, A d::1J1'i. .BI oJak..mlu~fi'i,ohth.~, - d -0 C lil,~'1lt., f:li}lea- rik, ed,~_3n C dan '.'if. _:- m"!:,,I/iiO ~ f~a B bi:ilflrUJ3.l'3lfii pO~~b m* -.••• a, , .', Ibef,m iUl,at3 n 1l9ti f.~ CpO' iI ~r d. 'D berm U 3'[3 n 'negaifl f~C p05,i ~-i
iI

h.
e, -

.A ~elF.miU 'fIn PQSi1fli C' pO:l'~f~f D ber,lB.u313J n, ,iII19,r..i ~ A pIO!li'~ tiJ

-]I

e,

C l1er.mu

f ,Ifni ,!l~_'lifl

,D pOi~'lilf

..

-cbu;ab, enda bC'W"MU3 an lii.s ik ,,3 jlC'. Malia dni k 3;c 1,0" NC ~,emd.;a p,3Jda, jam ..... ;, C'm c iII1i1 •

,M

yang:

kU3JI

,m,cd

'Iln~ 3.

be.
!lb.

~.

I'

CImJ
(i;1lI1i

e.

I:M

5 . ~..,0,9 _all. A. CO- ,- 6'Ul~'

&1' m
3.
df;,€,iI'

is

3J:u

wlt:i

iI i"l mariJk,..n'u~,·]lii 3i!dkde·.¥D ,M.lI a..t3iD. i coo.lom b ~~~. 'he~,3 r.:tk bIi ~I. ,a.amya efme~ ,P Olf·,c.Il:iiiid Il~!t y3J rrtg u~'rjitd i ~(Jla!I;Ih .,.. ~ rik.
~
1

A,.B,

d~
!i:.

-in ".
Id
'
J

.A
dI

.,1

Co.

(S;

Pa.t~n~,laJ
i~.

d" 'ti~l~jllc:: P ~C'jal!lil '"' d9J.n .mu3!fsFl. ~ ~am 3. d~.3Ln v: ,'@.f~n!sliam di ~if:;lkQ -"auh Il' dan IiIl1l1lat3n 5q !HnlJ1~ de~n 2 v.: 'cmya~ nl':~~~ ben.3l1t' a.dal:ah ....

11.

==.

jj[~.

d. ,I
'1;;;'.

!b,.

Il ~ ~5 ,R == ,~..

~.-,5~.R ~ 5,,..
=.

7 . :1: alP'"~ tla

a,

: 1i1lJ 3.tU k3f 3'!j;li.O.F' k!~,irn~ ~q .rr nil ~Qjl t a" IUI,as p~.rm IIka,fgJ n [k,m ~ ltC:p'i. ng I ~ f ~rb ~"i5;1r

d.rn Idb U~k.~ci ~.p,3JbjI3 .. ~

4"

b,. ~. d.
~. S.

j ~.nrk 3lPf.3'l":aJ l!c)~d.'IlA kcp'~~~ny3 d.~p~rb~~.ar dili ~Ii d'~~aJn did,ck[ri~·. ,}f _~: '.:_o'n:sIt~Jl' 'nya .Ich~h b~5~r b~d3J [~~ ~,JliI, k~dua klq? i~.n,ra ,d p~'rk~cirll
ru

· k' muat:,_" '"~~.p- qn

n;: d""__rn~ · .' !~ -

. :m,p3if 'bu,·il .k3p3~~lto,r d! t:il,~~:kai :'ie'pe:rti IIIDl b'~ur d i, ba,W·3.h ~JIIli. S,eIP~~ilm~: qrngkai an. Y~QC !In ~nllPIII rlf31i, kap31~~t.~ ~_ iU rn~. _3.~ '~,a11" ,- d all alI ... . 0_

~II
~""'iI-1

SF

SF

~ I...............
(2)

SF

S' F

11----111111-1 ......
(1) 5F

5f

15

HI-'
d,
e.

In f

.-II-HH'~
()

5F

F 5F

3. bl~

c.

(I) danl (2) (I) d,3f1il (3) (2) d.3D (;)

i,

(3) d an (,)
(;) d - iiI,
(

, . S ehu alii, k pas, . E r ,kc Ii llilg s cj :a f d,'E'A, f.l Jus ,kc~ rn Ag 5 0 em J .rnk ~"n[3 fa kcpw RgI1iY 3'1,5' ,m,,m, J ik. k~· asi '[ 0 r 1~le" db UIIi: _ iblOCIi rcg~"I'3,n, 500 \"1' m aka rnya c,n t"~j, It 3pas iE0 1"' ~c n cbu r d al dl .~. 3. ~ ~6 . ] 0 i'i d. 5~Ok I 0'- J b ,. 2 .5)1t I o~... ,E. 5 to ~ [D- J c. :5 ~O;:iii; 1 Or" J
II ~ 1

~ 0.. B eS::3; f.A)

~ap:::ui 1t3.1i'i:§; p e .... pru:il dJan stU,urli1ali1 !kap,aSi,(Of

-3

y3~~ di eu
a.

uiuk'k.iUl1i1

pada

:~m.bGr 3d.al~ .... ~

4 ,p

b.
c.

IS ,~F
9 ,IIP

d.
JJ'~

~.
I.

rz

UJ JUlF

2'~F

Ii·IF
IJ

J~ w-nb!J~1I J""
Dua o[ik

SJ~/gkd' £1"'11

bl!'uLlr!' bC11n1l!t tan 1,.

hcq:~

. em, mao iliI§'"'Il1MLng

coulom ..' ,dan "",,1 rouiomb. .

17c: illUJ k31. 8: a, g,illY,jJj ya ~ ld i ala rn ~ £i a,.., Eif j)-l m u iltaIfi~ b. k'sy'II[,3.m" _Val"!' di,d3m~ Im,iiJ3:l:in -mC<3!1f 6 £Dlda,mb yamJg did[,emp rk&ll1, d i Ire ngah- tle,•. aJfl ::tfill:: 3J fa k.~d,u3 nt.'lIli.a[alll (tet'S'~bu It!

.a,~

S mu an
l ~'n

DmJ3, bu
"&)'1.11 i!t.

mu -a:l1 ''1',]2 IIWC dal .,.210 JI,C ['e _ li,s::d'iI'iI" 3. j arak ;._~ (lih;;ilf gam bad. m.liIl ::.lI[::iIl~ uj il ld iiii i m, . 3 n ,di ri,[j k P keJ1ii,u.dll aln dillep:i1 ~kan, I[€mya~::l [fr!ijIU:a UiiJ U
[€it

,---------#
3. Du m.llIi1UUl

3Jp di a mI,. T€ It£illllka raJ b e!13 Fny;-a ~

lin ..rik. Im3ji~-m,:,uilng + "t.2 X I 0 ~ C ld.an -il6 ~o~ C rerphsb, pacta "i,a.nk -,4, em. ~c·ntu.kan: a, II? ot'r;fDJC'S:,i I~if ri k d i 11~It:l~k a.; U~ft ~Tak- pad '3J :~,ri '§; h.1J In~ ~ kcdu3J ~ y 'm,U3f.3'M !II bcli 3JEak. l4, em _: .ri IP u~~an -!til x ,I0' c~ 3 b. 1«3 lrili.k pa,da §1lris ~l'gbu~: lie> lu: nu ean yang, li1-'c'wd~i,kj po,tcn~ia!l ~i. rfllk

. Oan

ROn

4. D BJrR

l'3

nIP-ali t1J n d i b 3J~~'~

12 J-lF *1 I-lF

i.oli tC'ntuk
'0,

ad.

lit 3Jpi3.11,lfas k ilpil5 itor p (:'ngganti"y I

................... ~I~
j.mF

~~:r.T~ ~F. 4~j6PF

IlV Idan

_ IJ F ..

6 J.Jf

:). EIn ,FUJ:t bu. ~h kap 3J:~ ~~: Olr. d,iIhu b u FL~ a n ~,~p~r.l'i p3;da ,t;1m If. :H.i ru n=1_.h h
Dl'U.atan

masi ng- ~~§ot ng k:ap:1'S~[or~

beda

p,ot'c:',Wl wal

plada