MISO Broad

ast Channel with Delayed Finite-Rate

Feedba k
1

Sayak Bose
1

nd

Ele tri al and Computer Engineering

Biannual Workshop on Information Theory

May 3, 2012

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

2 / 25

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

2 / 25

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

2 / 25

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

2 / 25

Overview

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Overview

Introdu tion

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO): use multiple antenna at transmitter

and re eiver
Benets

Diversity gain in spa e (antenna) and time ( oding)

Maximize data rate per available bandwidth (Bps/HZ)
Important part of various wireless te hnologies

Fixed wireless 802.16.3 (optional)

3G HSDPA (optional)
Lo al area network 802.11n (mandatory)
4G (possibly mandatory)

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Overview

Introdu tion

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO): use multiple antenna at transmitter

and re eiver
Benets

Diversity gain in spa e (antenna) and time ( oding)

Maximize data rate per available bandwidth (Bps/HZ)
Important part of various wireless te hnologies

Fixed wireless 802.16.3 (optional)

3G HSDPA (optional)
Lo al area network 802.11n (mandatory)
4G (possibly mandatory)

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

4 / 25

Overview

Introdu tion

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO): use multiple antenna at transmitter

and re eiver
Benets

Diversity gain in spa e (antenna) and time ( oding)

Maximize data rate per available bandwidth (Bps/HZ)
Important part of various wireless te hnologies

Fixed wireless 802.16.3 (optional)

3G HSDPA (optional)
Lo al area network 802.11n (mandatory)
4G (possibly mandatory)

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

4 / 25

Overview

Introdu tion

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO): use multiple antenna at transmitter

and re eiver
Benets

Diversity gain in spa e (antenna) and time ( oding)

Maximize data rate per available bandwidth (Bps/HZ)
Important part of various wireless te hnologies

Fixed wireless 802.16.3 (optional)

3G HSDPA (optional)
Lo al area network 802.11n (mandatory)
4G (possibly mandatory)

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

4 / 25

Overview

Introdu tion

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO): use multiple antenna at transmitter

and re eiver
Benets

Diversity gain in spa e (antenna) and time ( oding)

Maximize data rate per available bandwidth (Bps/HZ)
Important part of various wireless te hnologies

Fixed wireless 802.16.3 (optional)

3G HSDPA (optional)
Lo al area network 802.11n (mandatory)
4G (possibly mandatory)

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

4 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Overview

Multiantenna Ar hite tures

Open loop: Most popular MIMO

Signal matrix independent of hannel

Closed loop: Gradually getting popular

Signal matrix as hannel fun tion

Performan e benets over open loop MIMO
In reased system apa ity
Simplify de oding
Diversity gain easily obtainable
Intelligent interferen e an elation among multiple users

Problem: Transmitter requires hannel state information (CSI)

Solution: Use feedba k from re eiver to exploit CSI at the transmitter

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

5 / 25

Ba kground

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

6 / 25

Ba kground

Various Multi-antenna Ar hite tures

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Ba kground

Role of Limited Feedba k

Symbols

H(K)

F(K)

Update
Precoder

Linear
Rx

Detection
&
Decode

Form F(k)
Online
H

Low-rate feedback path

Choose F(k)
From codebook

Primary Challenges with feedba k:

Quantization error due to limited rate feedba k hannel
Delay between the time CSI is measured at the re eiver and the time when
the information is used at the transmitter
Generally A epted Notions in Pra ti al Wireless Systems:
In a time-varying hannel, CSI is inee tive due to delay
Single antenna systems a hieve

DoF

=1

DoF(Degrees of Freedom): Relates to a hievable multiplexing gain

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

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Ba kground

Key Contributions of MAT S heme

DoF

>1

a hievable in MISO broad ast hannel with multiple users even with

stale" CSIT
This in ludes DoF sa ri ed due to frequent limited feedba k in highly mobile
environment
Net DoF a hievable lies between SISO gain and partial CSIT linear pre oding
(zero for ing)

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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MAT Transmission S heme

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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MAT Transmission S heme

MU-MISO System Model

Delay

e A [t ]

Q-bit
Quant

h A [t ]

YA

X1

X2
h B [t ]
YB
e B [t ]
Delay

Q-bit
Quant

Re eived signal:

yr [t ] = hr [t ]x[t ] + zr [t ], r = 1, , K
x[t ] C M 1 transmitted signal with power onstraint E[x [t ]x[t ]] P
zr [t ] CN (0, 1) H[t ] = [h1 [t ], , hK [t ]] Channel state matrix (blo k fading
assumed)

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

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MAT Transmission S heme

Delayed Finite-rate Feedba k Model

Ea h re eiver has instantaneous and perfe t knowledge of its own hannel

ve tor

hr [ t ]

Quantized hannel ve tor of

Used odebook

bits returned to BS with delay

C = w1 , , w2Q ,

Codebook index at t,

where

w C M 1

Nfd symbols

q[t ] = arg mini =1, ,2Q Sin2 ((hr [t ], wi ))

Key performan e metri s

Degrees of Freedom (also alled multiplexing gain)

Feedba k overhead
Net DoF

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

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MAT Transmission S heme

Denitions of Performan es Metri s and A hievable Gain

If R (P ) denotes total average throughput with transmit power P

DoF (K ) := limP logR (P(P) )
F (P )
If F (P ) denotes total feedba k rate FB (K ) := limP log (P )
d := DoF (K ) FB (K )
The net DoF is dened as: DoF

A hievable DoF: Outdated CSIT and no quantization error DoF (K ) =

1+
2

2
1
2 ++

1 Jiaming Xu et. al. [2011

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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MAT Transmission S heme

Main Results: A hievable DoF

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

14 / 25

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

15 / 25

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

2-user MISO

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Exploiting Outdated CSIT via Delayed Feedba k

Assumptions
Feedba k delay is equal to the hannel oheren e time

ur

and

vr

Nfd = N

denote independently en oded Gaussian odeword for re eiver

Phase 1: Feeding Re eivers

uA and vA for
vA := LA (uA , vA )[1]

In rst symbol time of blo k 1, BS transmits two symbols

T A [1] = [1] A + [1]
re eiver , i.e., [1] = [ A A ]
A1
A2

B [1] = B 1 [1] A + B 2 [1] A := B ( A , A )[1]

A
y
h
Re eiver B

u v
h
v

y
h
L u v

quantize the perfe tly known hannel and feeds ba k the

quantized hannel ve tor

^eB [1] = [eB 1 [1]eB 2[1]]T

u v

Similarly, in se ond symbol time of blo k 2, BS transmits [2] = [ B B ]

intended for re eiver
A [2] = A 1 [2] B + A 2 [2] B := A ( B , B )[2]

B [2] = B 1 [2] B + B 2 [2] B := B ( B , B )[2]

By
h
u h
v
L u v
h
u h
v
L u v
Re eiver A feeds ba k its quantized hannel ve tor ^
eA [1] = [eA1 [2]eA2[2]]T
y

2 Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali et. al. [2011

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Exploiting Outdated CSIT via Delayed Feedba k...Contd.

Assumptions
Feedba k delay is equal to the hannel oheren e time

ur

and

vr

Nfd = N

denote independently en oded Gaussian odeword for re eiver

Phase 2: Swapping the overheard eqautions

BS now has

^eA [1] and ^eA [2]

LA and LB

In third symbol time of blo k 3, BS transmits

X [3] = [LB (uA , vA )[1], LA(uB , vB )[2], 0]T

B (uA , vA )[1] = e [1]uA + e [1]vA
where L
B1
B2
A (uB , vB )[2] = e [2]uB + e [2]vB
and L
A1
A2
Re eiver observes the following:

yA [3] = hA 1 [3](LB (uA , vA )[1] + LA(uB , vB )[2])

yB [3] = hB 1 [3](LB (uA , vA )[1] + LA (uB , vB )[2])

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Summary: Exploiting Outdated CSIT via Delayed Feedba k.

For re eiver

yA [1]
yA [2]
yA [3]

In simpler form,

hA 1 [1]

hA 2 [1]

hA 1 [3]eB 1[1] hA 1 [3]eB 2[1]

0

hA 1 [2]
hA 2 [2]

hA1 [3]eA1 [1] hA1 [3]eA2 [1]

yA = HA

uA
vA

+ IB

uB
vB

uA
vA

uB
vB


(1)

Some key points to note

Interferen e alignment perspe tive
Both re eivers have 2 interferen e-free dimensions (under zero-for ing)
In this example: 4 symbols are re overed using 3 symbol times (under 0
quantization error)
Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

DoF Gain: 2-user MISO

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Con luding Remarks

Outline

Overview

Ba kground

MAT Transmission S heme

Example of A hievable DoF in Multi-user Broad ast

Con luding Remarks

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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Con luding Remarks

Con lusion and Future Work

Con lusion
Transmission strategy for a hieving greater DoF ( ompared to SISO) using
outdated CSIT
Establishes region of performan e w.r.t the oheren e time of the hannel
Signi ant from the pra ti al implementation perspe tive of SDMA in
LTE-Advan ed
Future Work
Performan e analysis with more realisti fading hannels and feedba k models
Throughput analysis at nite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Optimum use of Mixed CSIT (outdated and urrent)
Pre oder design for sum-rate improvement at nite SNR

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

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Con luding Remarks

Referen es

M. A. Maddah-Ali and D. Tse.

Completely stale transmitter hannel state information is still very useful.
In Allerton Conferen e on Communi ation, Control and Computing, September 2010.
J. Xu, J. G. Andrews, and S. A. Jafar.
Miso broad ast hannels with delayed nite-rate feedba k: Predi t or observe?
In IEEE Transa tions on Wireless Communi ations, May 2011.

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

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Con luding Remarks

Thank You!

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

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Con luding Remarks

Questions?

Sayak (K-State)

MISO BC with Delayed Feedba k

ECE 965

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