Ronald Karlo O.

Mao Chemical Basis of Life

Mktg. Mgt. II-A

An Atom is the smallest particle of matter non-divisible by chemical means. It composed protons (+) and neutron (neutral) in the nucleus and electrons (-) in the outside of nucleus. The Proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol p or p+ and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number. The Neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol n or n0, no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. An Electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle. It can be either free (not attached to any atom), or bound to the nucleus of an atom. Electrons in atoms exist in spherical shells of various radii, representing energy levels. The larger the spherical shell, the higher the energy contained in the electron. a Nucleus is a fundamental arrangement of atoms that occur in compounds through substitution of atoms without a change in structure.

Molecules are small particles that make up all living and non-living things. They are made up of even tinier particles called atoms. Molecules in living things are made from only about 25 of more than 100 known atoms in the universe. Molecules are made from as few as two atoms to hundreds of millions of atoms. Form when two or more atoms of the same element react with one another or combine with another atoms or elements. It could be organic and inorganic molecules. In organic molecule - All molecules that do not contain carbon are called inorganic molecules. There are a few carbon-containing molecules, such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide that are also classified as inorganic molecules. Inorganic compounds, such as water, are made up of inorganic molecules. Organic molecules - are the chemicals of life, compounds composed of more than one type of element that are found in, and produced by, living organisms.

A Biomolecule is any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products. A more general name for this class of molecules is biogenic substances. Compound - A substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together, e.g. carbon dioxide, a substance consisting of carbon and two oxygen atoms. A Chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. An Organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. Inorganic compounds are of inanimate, not biological origin. Inorganic compounds lack carbon and hydrogen atoms and are synthesized by the agency of geological systems. In contrast, the synthesis of organic compounds in biological systems incorporates carbohydrates into the molecular structure.