Ms. Arra C.

Quitaneg

What do we measure to tell how hot or how cold an object is?

What describes how much space is occupied by an object? What is used to describe how massive an object is?

Temperature Volume

Mass

physical quantity which is described by a single number with a unit time, temperature,mass, density electric charge

Examples:

Calculations

with scalar quantities use operations of ordinary arithmetic .

physical quantity which has both magnitude and direction.

When handwritten, use an arrow: A

When

printed, will be in bold print with an arrow: A

 When

dealing with just the magnitude of a vector in print, an italic letter will be used: A or |A | magnitude of the vector has physical units magnitude of a vector is always a positive number

The

The

Displacement

Force
Velocity

Acceleration

vector is represented by an arrow

Arrowhead

points to the direction.

Length

of the arrow represents the magnitude of the vector.

 Vectors

magnitude can also be expressed in numbers. magnitude of a vector is always positive.

The

Direction

of the vector can be represented by a sign ( + or - ) depending on the sign convention ex: North +, South

 Direction

is also expressed in words. Ex. South, Southwest

Angle

is also used to describe a vectors direction. ex. 300 South of East, + 500 , + 1200 , - 2200

d= 4m , East
Scale: 1 cm = 1 m

d= 4m , 45 0 North of East
Scale: 1 cm = 1 m

A =4 m, 400 E of N

A = 4 m, 50 0 N of E

Parallel vectors- if two vectors have the same direction Equal vectors- if two vectors have the same magnitude and direction Negative of a vector- a vector having the same magnitude as the original but has opposite directions. Antiparallel when two vectors have opposite directions, whether their magnitudes are equal or not.

Scale: I cm= 1 unit 4 Newtons East 5 m, North 10 m/s, 20 0 N of E 8 m, 40 0 E of N 7 N, 40 0 W of S 6 m, 50 0 S of E 12 m, 40 0 S of W 5m, + 230 0 8 m/s, - 1800

 Result

of vector addition is called as vector sum or resultant vector.

= (A +B) + C = A + (B +C) It obeys the associative law, order of addition makes no difference.
R

=A+B =B+A It obeys commutative law, order of terms in a vector sum does not matter.

 Head

to tail method
1. From the origin, the vector, based on its direction and magnitude is drawn. 2. Then, the tail of the second vector is attached to the head of the first. 3. Resultant vector is drawn from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector.

When vectors are parallel, just add magnitudes and keep the direction.

Ex: 50 m/s east + 40 m/s east = 90 m/s east

When vectors are antiparallel, just subtract the smaller magnitude from the larger and use the direction of the larger.

Ex: 50 m/s east + 40 m/s west = 10 mph east

Use a protractor to measure the angle.

A = 5 N, East B = 7 N, 60 deg N of E

Find the resultant of A and B.

A = 11 N @ 35 N of E B = 18 N @ 20 N of W

B R
R = 14.8 N @ 57 NW
57 N of W 35 N of E 20 N of W

 Parallelogram

method

1. 2. 3.

Plot the given vectors from the origin ( based on their magnitude and directions Reflection of the vectors are drawn, until a parallelogram is formed. Resultant vector is the diagonal of the parallelogram. Measure the length and the angle of the resultant vector.

VECTOR ADDITION EXERCISES:

1.Erwin walks 300 East and stops to rest and then continues 400 m East. What is his total displacement?

2.Mimi walks home from school 300 m East and remembers that she has to bring home her Science book which a classmate borrowed. She walks back 500m West to her classmates house. What is the resultant displacement of Mimi?

3. Early in the morning, Patrick would always jog 500 m East from his house and turns North and walks 300 m. What is his displacement from his house? 4. An ant crawls on a tabletop. It moves 2 cm East and turns 3 cm 40 0 North of East and finally moves 2.5 cm North. What is the ants total displacement?

The analytical method of vector addition!!!

 Magnitude

of the resultant vector is given by the arithmetic sum of the magnitudes of the individual vectors.

Direction

is unchanged.

 Magnitude

of the resultant vector is given by the arithmetic difference of the magnitudes of individual vectors.
of the resultant vector is the same as the direction of a vector with greater magnitude.

Direction

 Use

Pythagorean theorem
The Pythagorean theorem

2 A Ax2 Ay
Trigonometric

functions are used in solving for the directions.

 sin

= opp/ hyp

cosine tan

= adjacent/ hyp

= opp/ adjacent CAH TOA

SOH

 tan

Ay Ax

 Component
1. 2.

method-

3.
4.

Draw each vector. Find the x and y components of each vector ( Vector resolution). Use trigonometric functions. Find the sum of x components and y components. Use pythagorean theorem to get the resultant vector.

 The

river was moving with a velocity of 3 m/s, North and the motor boat was moving with a velocity of 4 m/s, East. What would be the resultant velocity of the motor boat (i.e., the velocity relative to an observer on the shore)?

plane can travel with a speed of 80 mi/hr with respect to the air. Determine the resultant velocity of the plane (magnitude only) if it encounters a
10 mi/hr headwind. 10 mi/hr tailwind. 10 mi/hr crosswind. 60 mi/hr crosswind.

a. b. c. d.

motor boat traveling 5 m/s, East encounters a current traveling 2.5 m/s, North.What is the resultant velocity of the motor boat?
are the x and y components a force of 500 N exerted at an angle 300 from the horizontal.

What

man walked 5m, 400 North of East. What are the x and y components of his displacement?

man walked 2m, 250 North of East, then 5m 300 West of North. What is the mans displacement? (magnitude and direction)

 An

airplane with a velocity of 120 km/h,heads North. However wind blows with a speed of 30 km/h at an angle of 400 North of West. What is the velocity of the airplane relative to the ground?

An airplane has a speed of 285 km/h with respect to the air. There is a wind blowing at 95 km/h at 30 deg north of east with respect to Earth. In which direction should the plane head in order to land at an airport due north of its present location. What would be the planes speed with respect to the ground?

You are piloting a small plane and you want to reach an airport 450 km due south in 3 hours. A wind is blowing from the west at 50 km/h. What heading and airspeed should you choose to reach your destination in time? An airplane,moving at 375 m/s relative to the ground, fires a cannon shell at a speed of 782 m/s relative to the plane. What is the speed of the shell relative to the ground.

1. Solve for the x and y components of each given vector. Indicate the sign of each component.

2. Add all x components, add all y components.

3. Use pythagorean theorem to get the magnitude of the resultant vector. 4. Solve for the direction using tan theta function. 5. Express your answers in 2 decimal places.