Department of Mathematics MAL 250 (Probability and Stochastic Process) Tutorial Sheet No.

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1. Items coming off a production line are marked defective (D) or non-defective (N). Items are observed and their condition noted. This is continued until two consecutive defectives are produced or four items have been checked, whichever occurs first. Describe the sample space for this experiment. 2. Coin is flipped three times. Let A:- the result of the first toss is head B :- the result of the third toss is tail Describe in word the events: A B, A B, Ac, Ac B c, A B c, and find its elements. 3. The probability that a person stepping at a gas station will ask to have his tires checked is 0.12, the probability that he will ask to have his oil checked is 0.29, and the probability that he will ask to have both of them checked is .07. What is the probability that he will get (a) neither of the two checked (b) exactly one of the two checked? 4. Given P (A) = .35, P (B) = .73 and P (A B) = .14. Find P (A B ), P (A B ), P (A B). 5. Consider a randomly chosen group of n persons. What is the probability that at least two of them have the same birthdays? 6. Consider a lottery that sells N tickets and awards n prizes. If one buys n1 tickets, what is the probability of winning a prize? 7. Six persons among whom are A and B, are arranged at random (i) in a row (ii) on a circle. What is the probability that A and B will be separated by one and only one person. 8. A lot contains n articles. It is known that r of the articles are defectives and the articles are inspected in a random order what is the probability that the kth article inspected will be the first defective one in the lot. 9. In a meeting at the UNO 40 members from under-developed countries and 4 from developed ones sit in a row. What is the probability no two adjacent members are representatives of developed countries. 10. A person wrote n letters, sealed them in n envelopes and wrote the n different addresses randomly one on each of them. Find the probability that at least one of the letters reaches its correct destination. 11. 15 power plants are distributed at random among 4 states. What is the probability that exactly 2 states will receive none. 12. The nine digits 1, 2, . . . , 9 are arranged in random order to form a nine digit number. Find the probability that 1,2 and 3 appear as neighbours in the order mentioned. 13. A box contains 5 defective and 5 non-defective items. The items are taken from the box one by one at random. What is the probability that the 7th item drawn is the last non defective item.