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Code No: RR410209 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. What are the gases mainly used in insulating medium at high pressures? Which is
more suitable? Why? What about its dielectric strength ? Explain. [16]

2. (a) Define time lags of breakdown and show how the time lags of breakdown of
various electrode gaps in gases can be used for protecting high voltage systems.
[8]
(b) Describe current growth phenomenon in gas subjected to electric fields. [8]

3. (a) What is cavity? Explain cavity breakdown of solid dielectrics.


(b) What are composite dielectrics? Give examples. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain clearly how a resonant transformer is advantageous over the cascade
connected transformers.
(b) A 100 kVA , 400/250 kV, testing transformer has 8 % leakage reactance and
2 % resistance as 100 kVA base. A cable has to be tested at 500 kV using
the above transformer at 50 HZ. If the charging current of the cable at 500
kV is 0.4A, find the series inductance required. Assume 2 % resistance for
the inductor to be used and the connected loads. Neglect dielectric loss of the
cable. What will be the input voltage to the transformer? [8+8]

5. (a) Discuss in detail about Trigatron gap.


(b) A single phase testing transformer rated for 2kV/ 350 kV, 3500kVA, 50Hz on
testing yields the following data:
i. No-load voltage on HV side = 2 % higher than the rated value when the
input voltage is 2kV on the LV side.
ii. Short circuit test, with H.V. side short circuited, rated current was ob-
tained with 10% rated voltage on the input side. Calculate the self ca-
pacitance on the H.V. side. Neglect resistance. [8+8]

6. Write short notes on:

(a) Uniform field spark gaps


(b) Rod Gaps
(c) Sphere gaps. [16]

7. Discuss various capacitance potential dividers and compare their performance for
measurement of impulse voltages. [16]

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Code No: RR410209 Set No. 1
8. (a) A sample of insulation is placed in one arm CD of the Schering bridge. Under
balanced conditions, the other three arms are as follows : AD = 109 pF, BC
= 100 ohms and AB = 309 ohms in parallel with a loss free capacitance of
0.5 µF . Determine the capacitance equivalent series resistance and the power
factor of the insulation in the arm CD. Derive the balanced conditions and
also draw the phasor diagram.
(b) Explain the following terminologies often used in partial discharge detection:
i. electrical discharge
ii. partial discharge
iii. discharge inception voltage
iv. discharge extinction voltage. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410209 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Discuss about various aspects of collision Cross ? Section.


(b) Derive the relationship between mean free path, gas pressure and temperature.
[8+8]

2. (a) What is Pachen’s law? How do you account for the minimum voltage for
breakdown under a given ‘p x d’ condition?
(b) Describe the various factors that influence breakdown in a gas. [8+8]

3. (a) What is cavity? Explain cavity breakdown of solid dielectrics.


(b) What are composite dielectrics? Give examples. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss in detail about voltage multiplier circuits


(b) Discuss ripple in cascaded voltage multiplier circuits. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain with a neat sketch, three electrode gap requirement for high current
switching.
(b) Calculate the peak current and wave shape of the output current of the gen-
erator having the total capacitance of 53 µF . The charging voltage is 200
kV. The circuit inductance is 1.47mH, and the dynamic resistance of the test
object is 0.05 ohms. [8+8]

6. Explain clearly the procedure for measurement of:

(a) impulse
(b) a.c. high voltages.

using sphere gap. [16]

7. Discuss various methods of measuring high impulse currents. [16]

8. (a) Draw a neat diagram of High Voltage Schering Bridge and analyse it for bal-
anced condition. Draw its phasor diagram. Assume:
i. series equivalent
ii. parallel equivalent representation of the insulating material.
(b) Explain briefly the operating duty cycle test done on surge diverter. [10+6]

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Code No: RR410209 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) i. Mention the names of the gases which are used in the Electrical apparatus
as an insulating medium.
ii. Mention the electrical properties of gases. [4+4]
(b) Discuss about various physical conditions of gases to govern the ionization
process. [8]

2. (a) Define Townsend’s first and second ionization coefficients.


(b) Compare the various properties of air and SF6 when used as gaseous dielectrics
in high voltage applications. [6+10]

3. (a) What are commercial liquid dielectrics? How are they different from pure
dielectrics?
(b) Describe the method of purification of commercial liquid with diagram. [8+8]

4. (a) Why is a Cockroft - Walton circuit preferred for voltage multiplier?


(b) Explain Cockroft - Walton circuit with a schematic diagram. [6+10]

5. (a) Explain any one method of controlled tripping of impulse generator.


(b) A 12-stage impulse generator has 0.126 µF condensers. The wave front and
wave tail resistances connected are 800 ohms respectively. If the load con-
denser is 100pF, find the front and tail times of the impulse wave produced.
[8+8]

6. Write short notes on:

(a) Faraday Generator


(b) Magnetic Links
(c) Hall generator. [16]

7. (a) What is a mixed potential divider? How is it used for impulse voltage mea-
surements?
(b) A Co-axial shunt is to be designed to measure an impulse current of 50 kA. If
the band-width of the shunt is to be atleast 10 MHz, and if the voltage drop
across the shunt should not exceed 50 V, find the ohmic value of the shunt
and its dimensions. [8+8]

8. (a) Describe the functions of:

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Code No: RR410209 Set No. 3
i. null detector
ii. automatic guard potential regulator used in high voltage schering Bridge.
(b) Briefly explain the various tests to be carried out on a bushing. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410209 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is electron attachment? Why are electron attaching gases are useful for
practical use as insulants compared to non- attaching gases.
(b) Define and Explain:
i. Negative ion formulation
ii. Electron affinity. [8+8]
2. (a) Describe the current growth phenomenon in a gas subjected to uniform electric
fields.
(b) Derive the criterion for breakdown in electronegative gases. [10+6]
3. (a) How does the “internal discharge” phenomena lead to breakdown in solid
dielectrics?
(b) What is a composite dielectric and what are its properties? [8+8]
4. Explain with neat diagram, the principle of operation of:
(a) series
(b) Parallel resonant circuits for generating high a.c. voltages. Compare their
performance. [16]
5. (a) Explain with a neat sketch, three electrode gap requirement for high current
switching.
(b) Calculate the peak current and wave shape of the output current of the gen-
erator having the total capacitance of 53 µF . The charging voltage is 200
kV. The circuit inductance is 1.47mH, and the dynamic resistance of the test
object is 0.05 ohms. [8+8]
6. Explain with neat diagram how rod gaps can be used for measurement of high
voltages. Compare its performance with a sphere gap. [16]
7. What is Ragowskii Coil? Explain with a neat diagram, its principle of operation
for measurement of high impulse currents. [16]
8. (a) What are partial discharges? Differentiate between internal and external dis-
charges.
(b) Write a short note on the measuring impedance circuit for the estimation of
partial discharges. [8+8]

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