WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the properties, composition and the structure of matter. It also deals with chemical reactions, changes in matter, and the principles which govern these changes.

Matter

Matter

comes in 3 phases

Solid

Gas

Matter = any material substance with Mass & Volume

Liquid

Solid
Definite Shape

Liquid
Indefinite Shape
takes the shape of the container

Definite Volume
Definite Volume

Gas
Indefinite Shape
takes the shape of the container

Indefinite Volume
can expand and be compressed

Elements on e of t h e 100+ p u r e su b st a n ces

t h a t m a k e u p ev er yt h i n g i n t h e u n i v er se

Examples of Elements
C = Carbon O = Oxygen H = Hydrogen N = Nitrogen S = Sulfur Na = Sodium Ca = Calcium K = Potassium I = Iodine Cl = Chlorine

Atom t h e sm a l l est p a r t i cl e m a k i n g u p el em en t s

P = Phosphorus

Sub-atomic Particles

Drawing an Atom of Carbon

eee6 p+
6 n0

P r ot on s

p + - p osi t i v e

c h a r g e, i n n u c l eu s N eu t r on s i n n u c l eu s n 0 n o c h a r g e,

e-

ee-

El ec t r on s - e - n eg a t i v e c h a r g e, or b i t i n g n u c l eu s

Molecules
Glucose Sugar
H H C C H OH C H OH C H

Compounds

OH O H C H OH

C6H12O6

Com p ou n d s - 2 or m or e el em en t s ch em i ca l l y com bi n ed t o for m a n ew su bst a n ce w i t h n ew p r op er t i es

Chemical formula

C
OH

P r op er t i es T h e w a y a ch em i ca l su bst a n ce l ook s a n d beh a v es

Structural formula

Compounds
Com p ou n d s a r e m a d e of 2 or m or e d i ffer en t a t om s com b i n ed t o for m Mol ecu l es O H+O H 2O = H H
Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule Structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule

Compounds

Inorganic Compounds
usually dont

or

Organic Compounds
always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S&P

contain

Carbon generally come from the earth generally simple molecules

originate in organisms
generally complex molecules

Examples of Inorganic Compounds

H + O = H2O = Wa t er

Examples of Organic Compounds

C, H + O C, H + O C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S Ca r boh yd r a t es = S u ga r s, st a r ch es & cel l u l ose Li p i d s = Fa t s & Oi l s P r ot ei n s

H + Cl = HCl = Hyd r och l or i c Aci d

C + O = CO2 = Ca r b on D i oxi d e

Na + Cl = NaCl = Com m on T a b l e S a l t

C, H, O, N, + P

N u cl ei c Aci d s DN A & R N A

DNA double Helix

BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY Chemistry is central to the ecology,environmental and health sciences. fields of biology, physics, materials,

GREEN CHEMISTRY

Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and/or generation of hazardous substances.

Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the DESIGN, FABRICATION, and UTILIZATION of MATERIALS, STRUCTURES and DEVICES which are less than 100 nm. For comparison, 10 nanometers is 1000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair.

History of Nano
Tools 2,000,000 B.C. Metallurgy 3600 B.C. Steam power 1764 Mass production 1908 Automation 1946 Sixth industrial revolution NOW Moving from micrometer scale to nanometer scale devices

Milestone
1959 R. Feynman Delivers Plenty of Room at the Bottom 1974 First Molecular Electronic Device Patented 1981 Scanning Tunneling Microscopic (STM) 1986 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Invented 1987 First single-electron transistor created 1991 Carbon Nanotubes Discovered 2000 US Launches National Nanotechnology Initiative 2002. 01 ITRI Nano Research Center Established

Why Nanotechnology?
Fundamentally new properties
Nanophase copper is five times stronger than the ordinary metals Nanophase ceramics are highly resisting to breaking

Examples of Nanomaterials

Exciting new materials

Carbon nanotubes are fantastic conductors
Aluminium
Carbon Nanotubes

Strange and Fancy Size Dependent Behavior!!!

Nanoparticles of Gold are pink in color
Zinc Oxide Silver

Copper Oxide

Examples of Nanomaterials
Inorganic nanowires Protein nanotubes Nano in gene sequencing Carbon Nanotubes - CNT based nanoelectronics
- CNT based microscopy - CNT interconnects - CNT based biosensors - CNT chemical sensors
Information Technology

Materials and Manufacturing

Health and Medicine Energy and Environment Transportation Defense Nanotechnology is an enabling technology Space exploration

CHEMINFORMATICS IN DRUG DISCOVERY Cheminformatics is the mixing of those information resources to transform data into information and information into knowledge for the intended purpose of making better decisions faster in the area of drug lead identification and organization.

SCOPE The Chemistry major is designed for students who are interested in chemistry with an emphasis on chemical properties and provides students the opportunity to gain expertise in chemistry. Students explore the reactivity of chemical compounds in different environments and gain understanding of how chemical compositions affect properties. A degree in chemistry open doors to the best graduate as well as careers in education, law, research & development, sales and a broad range of related careers. Chemistry is considered to be the central science due to its significant connections and overlaps with other science disciplines. It plays a vital role in meeting human requirements for food, health care products and other materials aimed for upgrading the quality of life. The importance of Chemistry can be well adjusted and appreciated from its range of medical applications. Almost everything around is either connected with chemical industry or has been treated with the products of chemical industry. Chemistry also is concerned with the utilization of natural substances and the creation of artificial ones. The 20th century has seen dramatic advances in the comprehension of the marvelous and complex chemistry of living organisms, and a molecular interpretation of health and disease holds great promise.

All Indians felt proud that an Indian-origin scientist Dr.Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, who earned his early spurs in India, was a recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome. THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF CHEMISTRY 2011 The International Year of Chemistry 2011 (IYC 2011) is a worldwide celebration of the achievements of chemistry and its contributions to the well-being of humankind. Under the unifying theme Chemistryour life, our future, IYC 2011 will offer a range of interactive, entertaining, and educational activities for all ages. The Year of Chemistry is intended to reach across the globe, with opportunities for public participation at the local, regional, and national level. The goals of IYC2011 are to increase the public appreciation of chemistry in meeting world needs, to encourage interest in chemistry among young people, and to generate enthusiasm for the creative future of chemistry.