ALCOHOL Alcohol is a widely used substance for both science and in technology.

Its name comes from an Arabic word al- uhl meaning " a powder for painting the eyes". Th e term was later applied to all compounds that contain alcoholic spirits. To most people alcohol is considerd a downer that reduces activity in th e nervous system. Some of the things alcohol effects you is, the alcohol intoxicated pers on exhibits lose muscle tone, loss of fine moter coordination,and often has a staggering "dr un en" gait. The eyes may appear somewhat "glossy" and pupils may be slow to respond t o stimulus. At high doses pupils may become constricted. At intoxing doses, alcoh ol can decrease heart rate, lower blood pressure and respiration rate, and result in de creased reflex and slower reaction times. S in may be cool to touch but to the user may feel warm or normal, profuse sweating may accompany alcohol use. Loose muscle tone, lose of fine motor coordination,odor of alcohol on the breath,and a stagging "drun en "gait. The effects of alcohol intoxication are greatly influenced by individual variations among users. Some users may become intoxicated at a much lower Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level that I am about to show you. Along with drin ing thei r are different levels to it: 0.02-0.03 BAC: No loss of coorination,slight euphoria and loss of shyness. Dep ressant effects are not apparent. 0.04-0.06 BAC: Feeling of well-being, relaxation, lower inhibitions, sensation o f warmth. Some minor impairment of reasoning and memory, lowering of caution. 0.07-0.09 BAC: Slight impairment of balance, speech, vision, reaction time, and hearing. Judgement and self-control are reduced, and caution, reason and memory are impai red. 0.10-1.125 BAC: Signficant impairment of moter coordination and loss of good judgement. Speech may be slurred; balance, vision,reaction time and hearing wil l be impaired. (It is illegal to operate a motor vehicle at this level of intoxicati on.) 0.13-0.15 BAC: Gross motor impairment and lac of physical control. BLurred vis ion and major loss of balance. Euphoria is reduced and dysphoria beginning to appear . 0.16-0.20 BAC: Dysphoria (anxiety,restlessness) predominates, nausea may appear . The drin er has the appearance of a "sloppy drun ." 0.25 BAC: Needs assistance in wal ing; total mental confusion. Dysphoia with nau

sea and some vomiting. 0.30 BAC: Loss of consciousness. 0.40 BAC and up: Onset of coma,possible death due to respiratory arrest. WHAT IS CONSIDERED A DRINK: A drin that contains a half-ounce of alcohol or more. The amount you w ould problibly find in a 12 ounce can of beer, 4 ounce glass of table wine, 1 ounce s hot of 100% destilled spirits such as whis ey or vod a. Generally this is the amount of alcohol a person can metabolize in about an hour. But of course it also depends on other stuff. The way to see the amount of alcohol in someone is the Blood Alcohol Con tent. The Blood Alcohol Content is measured in milligrams percent. For example, a BAC of 10 means that one-tenth of 1% of your total blood content is alcohol.This means that a BAC of 0.5 and below may give you a little buzz;a BAC of .50 or greater may cause death. Blood Alcohol Content depends on two things size,the bigger you are the more blood you have to delute the alcohol, and it also depends on how fast you drin it, the faster you drin the more your BAC goes up because your body doesn't have as lon g to delute the alcohol. BINGE DRINKING Drin ing a lot of something at one time is not really good for your syst em, no matter what it is. Bringe drin ing is drin ing to get drun , it is what a lot o f college people do. Drin ing at least five drin s all in one sitting. When they do thi s the side effects become more serious: vomiting, dizziness, impaired mental capabilities, and hangovers. Those are only short term reactions, others things that binge drin i ng influence are: athletic performence, poor grades, sexual assault, fights, accid ents, drin ing and driving, and other health ris s. If you thin that not a lot of pe ople do this , it is about 50% of collage men and 37% of collage women are classified as binge drin ers. A recent study show that studnts spend about $5.5 billion dollare on alcohol each year. That is more than they spend on soda pop, tea, mil , juice, coffee, and boo s combined. Some of the things that go along with drin are you are more open to get ting diseases li e sexually transmitted deseases, cancer and a lot more. But one tha t a lot die

from is alcohol poisoning. Most people thin that you cant overdose on alcohol, but you can. Binge drin ing may result in an overdose of alcohol, or alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is a medical emergancy that requires immediate attention. It's sometimes hard to tel l if someone has passed out or is in a serious medical danger. Here are some of the symptoms: -Does not respond to being tal ed to or shouted at -Does not respond to being pinched,prodded or po ed. -Cannot stand up -Will not wa e up -Slow labored or adnormal breathing -S in has a purple color -S in feels clammy -Rapid pulse rate -Irregular heart rythem -Lowered blood pressure Another common thing is cho ing to death on your own vomit after an alcohol over dose. Death by asphyxiation occurs when alcohol depresses the body's reflexes to the p oint that you cant vomit right. Another thing that comes along with binge drin ing is depression and sui cide. You get depressed so you drin and since alcohol is a depressant it brings you d own even more it brings you to the state of hopelessness. The toxic effects of alcohol c an manipulate you brains neuro-transmitters, which are responsible for mood and judgement. This can plung you into deeper depression and bring thought about su icide. It can also bring a cycle of drin ing: the more you drin the more depressed you become, and that ma es you want to drin more. Alcohol induced depression and hopelessness are characterized by self-pity, soci al withdrawal, self reproah,a sence of guilt,and a retardation of normal mental pro cesses. FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS Fetal alcohol syndrome is a group of symptoms that can effect an infant born to a mother who drin s during her pregnancy. The most serious is severe mental retar dation. Other effects are: -mild to moderate mental retardation -central nervous system problems -small size,low birth weight or growth retardation -facial or s ull adnormalities such as: small head size, small eyes and/or short eye openings, under-development of the upper lip with flat upper lip ridges, thin up per lip and flat maxillary jaw area.

Fetal alcohol effects are thought to be not as bad as Fetal syndrome. It may be something li e a history of prenatal alcohol exposure. Learning and behavior difficulties can be a severe as FAs. In both FAS and FAE, studies show a positive relationship betwee n degree of prenatal alcohol exposure and physical birth defects, growth, brain a nd behavioral deficiencies. Some other things show that in not as severe cases of FAS may deal with maturity, abnormalities of the upper lip and small eye openings, short stuture,and small head continue. Brain and behavioral deficits also continue in cluding lower IQ and a number of behavioral disorders. Children with FAS and FAE are often described as hyperactive, disstactible, or impulsive. they often have short attention spans similar to attention deficit d irorder, but with lower IQ's particularly in the FAS child. In addition to attention deficit s, problems with judgement, comprehension, and abstract thin are common. Some new research says that ids with FAS and FAE are more vulerable to alcohol exposure. Another thing is newborns exposed to alcohol before birth may have a wea suc in g responce and irregular suc ing patterns early in life. Some describe them as ea sily distracted and fatigued when suc ing. Sleep disturbance, and jitteriness have a lso been reported in infants exposed to alcohol before birth. Some studies also show tha t a higher incidence of impaired vision and hearing, motor incoordination, and problem with balance are possible attibuted to alcohol use by the mother before birth of the infant. Fetal exposure to alcohol can also result in adnormal thyroid function and some decrease in the immune system effectiveness. No one is sure the role alcohol plays on the fetus, some of the possibli ties are: -Acetaldehyde which is the primary product when alcohol is metabolized; -fetal malnutrition especially if the mother is undernourished. Even when she h aseaten the proper foods, the placenta may not beable to carry yhese vitamins, minerals and other nutrients which are so important to the developing fetus; -lac of oxygen due to less blood flow to the fetus through the placenta; and -disturbance of prostaglandins which control normal blood flow to the placenta. LIVER DISEASE You can not live with out your liver, it is the biggest organ in you bod y. Although your organ is tough and meant for life it can easily be damaged by alcohol. There are many types of liver disease shuch as: -Viral hepatitis -Cirrhosis -Gallstones -Alcohol-related liver disorders -Cancer of the liver

But there are three types of diseases of the liver you can get from alcohol: - Fatty Liver -Alcoholic Hepatitis -Alcoholic Cirrhosis Fatty liver this is the most common alcoholic-related liver disorder, causing e nlargment of the liver, abdominal discomfort and sometimes temporary jaundice and liver malfunction. Abinence from alcohol can bring complete reversal and cure without leaving residual cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis is an acute illness often characterized by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, enlarged and tender liver, and an elevation of the white blood cell count. Sometimes alcoholic hepatitis may be present without symptoms. Once it develops, it progresses to cirrhosis if alcohol comsumption continnues. Alcoholic cirrhosis is permanent scar tissue, called cirrhosis, forms when the l iver cells are damaged by alcohol or drugs. Continued use of alcohol will cause additional scarring and serious health problems. Some people are more culnerable than others to thi s disease, which occurs in 10% to 15% of prople who consume large amounts of alcoh ol over a long period of time. CANCER UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT The strongest lin with alcohol involves cancers of the upper digestive tract, including: -esophagus -mouth -pharynx -larynx. An estimated 75% of esophageal cancers in the United States are attributable to chronic, exessive alcohol comsumption. Nearly 50% of cancers of the mounth, pharynx and larynx are associated with heavy drin ing. People who drin large amounts of al cohol over time have an increased ric of these cancers, compared with abstainers. If they drin and smo e, the ris is even higher. BREAST CANCER They say that woman's ris of developing breast cancer increases with al cohol consumtion, as well as age. Particularly vulnerable are women over 50 who have been heavy drin ers over a period of years, their chances of developing breast cance r are up to 18 times greater than non-drin ers. Research indicates that alcohol may play an indirect role in this disease by increasing estrogen levels in premenopausal women, whinh in turn

may promote breast cancer. Thus, for younger women to lessen their ris of brea st cancer, dont drin , or at least limit yourself to no more than one a day. SKIN CANCER Reserchers say that women who average only two drin s a day, four days a wee , are 2 1/2 times more li elt to develop melanomia than women who dont drin . Exp erts recommend that women limit themselves to one drin a day, and men two drin s a d ay. OTHER CANCERS Some studies have found a lin between alcohol use and cancers of the: -colon -stomach -pancreas -lungs. Although theres no evidence that alcohol itelf is a caracinogen, it has been ass ociated with suppression of the human immune system

ALCOHOL Alcohol is a widely used substance for both science and in technology. Its name comes from an Arabic word al- uhl meaning " a powder for painting the eyes". Th e term was later applied to all compounds that contain alcoholic spirits. To most people alcohol is considerd a downer that reduces activity in th e nervous system. Some of the things alcohol effects you is, the alcohol intoxicated pers on exhibits lose muscle tone, loss of fine moter coordination,and often has a staggering "dr un en" gait. The eyes may appear somewhat "glossy" and pupils may be slow to respond t o stimulus. At high doses pupils may become constricted. At intoxing doses, alcoh ol can decrease heart rate, lower blood pressure and respiration rate, and result in de creased reflex and slower reaction times. S in may be cool to touch but to the user may feel warm or normal, profuse sweating may accompany alcohol use. Loose muscle tone, lose of fine motor coordination,odor of alcohol on the breath,and a stagging "drun en "gait. The effects of alcohol intoxication are greatly influenced by individual variations among users. Some users may become intoxicated at a much lower Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level that I am about to show you. Along with drin ing thei r are different levels to it: 0.02-0.03 BAC: No loss of coorination,slight euphoria and loss of shyness. Dep ressant effects are not apparent. 0.04-0.06 BAC: Feeling of well-being, relaxation, lower inhibitions, sensation o f warmth. Some minor impairment of reasoning and memory, lowering of caution. 0.07-0.09 BAC: Slight impairment of balance, speech, vision, reaction time, and hearing.

Judgement and self-control are reduced, and caution, reason and memory are impai red. 0.10-1.125 BAC: Signficant impairment of moter coordination and loss of good judgement. Speech may be slurred; balance, vision,reaction time and hearing wil l be impaired. (It is illegal to operate a motor vehicle at this level of intoxicati on.) 0.13-0.15 BAC: Gross motor impairment and lac of physical control. BLurred vis ion and major loss of balance. Euphoria is reduced and dysphoria beginning to appear . 0.16-0.20 BAC: Dysphoria (anxiety,restlessness) predominates, nausea may appear . The drin er has the appearance of a "sloppy drun ." 0.25 BAC: Needs assistance in wal ing; total mental confusion. Dysphoia with nau sea and some vomiting. 0.30 BAC: Loss of consciousness. 0.40 BAC and up: Onset of coma,possible death due to respiratory arrest. WHAT IS CONSIDERED A DRINK: A drin that contains a half-ounce of alcohol or more. The amount you w ould problibly find in a 12 ounce can of beer, 4 ounce glass of table wine, 1 ounce s hot of 100% destilled spirits such as whis ey or vod a. Generally this is the amount of alcohol a person can metabolize in about an hour. But of course it also depends on other stuff. The way to see the amount of alcohol in someone is the Blood Alcohol Con tent. The Blood Alcohol Content is measured in milligrams percent. For example, a BAC of 10 means that one-tenth of 1% of your total blood content is alcohol.This means that a BAC of 0.5 and below may give you a little buzz;a BAC of .50 or greater may cause death. Blood Alcohol Content depends on two things size,the bigger you are the more blood you have to delute the alcohol, and it also depends on how fast you drin it, the faster you drin the more your BAC goes up because your body doesn't have as lon g to delute the alcohol. BINGE DRINKING Drin ing a lot of something at one time is not really good for your syst em, no matter what it is. Bringe drin ing is drin ing to get drun , it is what a lot o f college people do. Drin ing at least five drin s all in one sitting. When they do thi s the side effects become more serious: vomiting, dizziness, impaired mental capabilities, and hangovers. Those are only short term reactions, others things that binge drin i ng

influence are: athletic performence, poor grades, sexual assault, fights, accid ents, drin ing and driving, and other health ris s. If you thin that not a lot of pe ople do this , it is about 50% of collage men and 37% of collage women are classified as binge drin ers. A recent study show that studnts spend about $5.5 billion dollare on alcohol each year. That is more than they spend on soda pop, tea, mil , juice, coffee, and boo s combined. Some of the things that go along with drin are you are more open to get ting diseases li e sexually transmitted deseases, cancer and a lot more. But one tha t a lot die from is alcohol poisoning. Most people thin that you cant overdose on alcohol, but you can. Binge drin ing may result in an overdose of alcohol, or alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is a medical emergancy that requires immediate attention. It's sometimes hard to tel l if someone has passed out or is in a serious medical danger. Here are some of the symptoms: -Does not respond to being tal ed to or shouted at -Does not respond to being pinched,prodded or po ed. -Cannot stand up -Will not wa e up -Slow labored or adnormal breathing -S in has a purple color -S in feels clammy -Rapid pulse rate -Irregular heart rythem -Lowered blood pressure Another common thing is cho ing to death on your own vomit after an alcohol over dose. Death by asphyxiation occurs when alcohol depresses the body's reflexes to the p oint that you cant vomit right. Another thing that comes along with binge drin ing is depression and sui cide. You get depressed so you drin and since alcohol is a depressant it brings you d own even more it brings you to the state of hopelessness. The toxic effects of alcohol c an manipulate you brains neuro-transmitters, which are responsible for mood and judgement. This can plung you into deeper depression and bring thought about su icide. It can also bring a cycle of drin ing: the more you drin the more depressed you become, and that ma es you want to drin more. Alcohol induced depression and hopelessness are characterized by self-pity, soci al withdrawal, self reproah,a sence of guilt,and a retardation of normal mental pro cesses. FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a group of symptoms that can effect an infant born to a mother who drin s during her pregnancy. The most serious is severe mental retar dation. Other effects are: -mild to moderate mental retardation -central nervous system problems -small size,low birth weight or growth retardation -facial or s ull adnormalities such as: small head size, small eyes and/or short eye openings, under-development of the upper lip with flat upper lip ridges, thin up per lip and flat maxillary jaw area. Fetal alcohol effects are thought to be not as bad as Fetal syndrome. It may be something li e a history of prenatal alcohol exposure. Learning and behavior difficulties can be a severe as FAs. In both FAS and FAE, studies show a positive relationship betwee n degree of prenatal alcohol exposure and physical birth defects, growth, brain a nd behavioral deficiencies. Some other things show that in not as severe cases of FAS may deal with maturity, abnormalities of the upper lip and small eye openings, short stuture,and small head continue. Brain and behavioral deficits also continue in cluding lower IQ and a number of behavioral disorders. Children with FAS and FAE are often described as hyperactive, disstactible, or impulsive. they often have short attention spans similar to attention deficit d irorder, but with lower IQ's particularly in the FAS child. In addition to attention deficit s, problems with judgement, comprehension, and abstract thin are common. Some new research says that ids with FAS and FAE are more vulerable to alcohol exposure. Another thing is newborns exposed to alcohol before birth may have a wea suc in g responce and irregular suc ing patterns early in life. Some describe them as ea sily distracted and fatigued when suc ing. Sleep disturbance, and jitteriness have a lso been reported in infants exposed to alcohol before birth. Some studies also show tha t a higher incidence of impaired vision and hearing, motor incoordination, and problem with balance are possible attibuted to alcohol use by the mother before birth of the infant. Fetal exposure to alcohol can also result in adnormal thyroid function and some decrease in the immune system effectiveness. No one is sure the role alcohol plays on the fetus, some of the possibli ties are: -Acetaldehyde which is the primary product when alcohol is metabolized; -fetal malnutrition especially if the mother is undernourished. Even when she h aseaten the proper foods, the placenta may not beable to carry yhese vitamins, minerals and other nutrients which are so important to the developing fetus; -lac of oxygen due to less blood flow to the fetus through the placenta; and

-disturbance of prostaglandins which control normal blood flow to the placenta. LIVER DISEASE You can not live with out your liver, it is the biggest organ in you bod y. Although your organ is tough and meant for life it can easily be damaged by alcohol. There are many types of liver disease shuch as: -Viral hepatitis -Cirrhosis -Gallstones -Alcohol-related liver disorders -Cancer of the liver But there are three types of diseases of the liver you can get from alcohol: - Fatty Liver -Alcoholic Hepatitis -Alcoholic Cirrhosis Fatty liver this is the most common alcoholic-related liver disorder, causing e nlargment of the liver, abdominal discomfort and sometimes temporary jaundice and liver malfunction. Abinence from alcohol can bring complete reversal and cure without leaving residual cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis is an acute illness often characterized by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, enlarged and tender liver, and an elevation of the white blood cell count. Sometimes alcoholic hepatitis may be present without symptoms. Once it develops, it progresses to cirrhosis if alcohol comsumption continnues. Alcoholic cirrhosis is permanent scar tissue, called cirrhosis, forms when the l iver cells are damaged by alcohol or drugs. Continued use of alcohol will cause additional scarring and serious health problems. Some people are more culnerable than others to thi s disease, which occurs in 10% to 15% of prople who consume large amounts of alcoh ol over a long period of time. CANCER UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT The strongest lin with alcohol involves cancers of the upper digestive tract, including: -esophagus -mouth -pharynx -larynx. An estimated 75% of esophageal cancers in the United States are attributable to chronic, exessive alcohol comsumption. Nearly 50% of cancers of the mounth, pharynx and larynx are associated with heavy drin ing. People who drin large amounts of al cohol over time have an increased ric of these cancers, compared with abstainers. If

they drin and smo e, the ris is even higher. BREAST CANCER They say that woman's ris of developing breast cancer increases with al cohol consumtion, as well as age. Particularly vulnerable are women over 50 who have been heavy drin ers over a period of years, their chances of developing breast cance r are up to 18 times greater than non-drin ers. Research indicates that alcohol may play an indirect role in this disease by increasing estrogen levels in premenopausal women, whinh in turn may promote breast cancer. Thus, for younger women to lessen their ris of brea st cancer, dont drin , or at least limit yourself to no more than one a day. SKIN CANCER Reserchers say that women who average only two drin s a day, four days a wee , are 2 1/2 times more li elt to develop melanomia than women who dont drin . Exp erts recommend that women limit themselves to one drin a day, and men two drin s a d ay. OTHER CANCERS Some studies have found a lin between alcohol use and cancers of the: -colon -stomach -pancreas -lungs. Although theres no evidence that alcohol itelf is a caracinogen, it has been ass ociated with suppression of the human immune system

ALCOHOL Alcohol is a widely used substance for both science and in technology. Its name comes from an Arabic word al- uhl meaning " a powder for painting the eyes". Th e term was later applied to all compounds that contain alcoholic spirits. To most people alcohol is considerd a downer that reduces activity in th e nervous system. Some of the things alcohol effects you is, the alcohol intoxicated pers on exhibits lose muscle tone, loss of fine moter coordination,and often has a staggering "dr un en" gait. The eyes may appear somewhat "glossy" and pupils may be slow to respond t o stimulus. At high doses pupils may become constricted. At intoxing doses, alcoh ol can decrease heart rate, lower blood pressure and respiration rate, and result in de creased reflex and slower reaction times. S in may be cool to touch but to the user may feel warm or normal, profuse sweating may accompany alcohol use. Loose muscle tone, lose of fine motor coordination,odor of alcohol on the breath,and a stagging "drun en "gait.

The effects of alcohol intoxication are greatly influenced by individual variations among users. Some users may become intoxicated at a much lower Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level that I am about to show you. Along with drin ing thei r are different levels to it: 0.02-0.03 BAC: No loss of coorination,slight euphoria and loss of shyness. Dep ressant effects are not apparent. 0.04-0.06 BAC: Feeling of well-being, relaxation, lower inhibitions, sensation o f warmth. Some minor impairment of reasoning and memory, lowering of caution. 0.07-0.09 BAC: Slight impairment of balance, speech, vision, reaction time, and hearing. Judgement and self-control are reduced, and caution, reason and memory are impai red. 0.10-1.125 BAC: Signficant impairment of moter coordination and loss of good judgement. Speech may be slurred; balance, vision,reaction time and hearing wil l be impaired. (It is illegal to operate a motor vehicle at this level of intoxicati on.) 0.13-0.15 BAC: Gross motor impairment and lac of physical control. BLurred vis ion and major loss of balance. Euphoria is reduced and dysphoria beginning to appear . 0.16-0.20 BAC: Dysphoria (anxiety,restlessness) predominates, nausea may appear . The drin er has the appearance of a "sloppy drun ." 0.25 BAC: Needs assistance in wal ing; total mental confusion. Dysphoia with nau sea and some vomiting. 0.30 BAC: Loss of consciousness. 0.40 BAC and up: Onset of coma,possible death due to respiratory arrest. WHAT IS CONSIDERED A DRINK: A drin that contains a half-ounce of alcohol or more. The amount you w ould problibly find in a 12 ounce can of beer, 4 ounce glass of table wine, 1 ounce s hot of 100% destilled spirits such as whis ey or vod a. Generally this is the amount of alcohol a person can metabolize in about an hour. But of course it also depends on other stuff. The way to see the amount of alcohol in someone is the Blood Alcohol Con tent. The Blood Alcohol Content is measured in milligrams percent. For example, a BAC of 10 means that one-tenth of 1% of your total blood content is alcohol.This means that a BAC of 0.5 and below may give you a little buzz;a BAC of .50 or greater may cause death. Blood Alcohol Content depends on two things size,the bigger you are the more blood you have to delute the alcohol, and it also depends on how fast you drin it, the faster you drin the more your BAC goes up because your body doesn't have as lon

g to delute the alcohol. BINGE DRINKING Drin ing a lot of something at one time is not really good for your syst em, no matter what it is. Bringe drin ing is drin ing to get drun , it is what a lot o f college people do. Drin ing at least five drin s all in one sitting. When they do thi s the side effects become more serious: vomiting, dizziness, impaired mental capabilities, and hangovers. Those are only short term reactions, others things that binge drin i ng influence are: athletic performence, poor grades, sexual assault, fights, accid ents, drin ing and driving, and other health ris s. If you thin that not a lot of pe ople do this , it is about 50% of collage men and 37% of collage women are classified as binge drin ers. A recent study show that studnts spend about $5.5 billion dollare on alcohol each year. That is more than they spend on soda pop, tea, mil , juice, coffee, and boo s combined.