Embryology

1st lecture ..
Male and female reproductive system consist of: 1-factory. 2-duct system. 3-external genital openings.

components :
Gonads = ( testis or ovary )[ factory ]

Male

1- Testis: Lies outside the body in skin sac called scrotum

This Note is Done by : G1,G2 girls .. 210 batch ..~ Good luck

Transverse Sec. in the testis shows: 250-400 seminiferous tubule that involves in the production of semin.

In the seminiferous tubule there are two types of cells : 1) Germ cells : 1- ( divide rapidly ,cycle shaped ) 2- Spermatogonia called the mother cell that give rise to sperm and immature germ cell ( spermato = related to sperms / gonium = give rise to ) 2) Long, nourishing and supporting cells ( Sertoli cells ) Between each seminiferous tubule there are interstitial tissue ( contains leydige cells ) these cells produce male sex hormones (androgens ,e.g. testosterone ) . Function of the testis : 1 ) exocrine build up sperms ( spermatogonium ) 2 )endocrine secrete androgen and testosterone ( by leydige cells )

This Note is Done by : G1,G2 girls .. 210 batch ..~ Good luck

2- Ducts :
Epididymis : coma- shaped structure that has head,body and tail connected to carrier container ( vas deferens ) then will go antero abdominal wall then to pelvic cavity then goes behind the urinary bladder then make a widening ( ampulla of vas defrans ) = ( storage of sperms ) . . The inferior end of the ampulla narrows and connects with the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory duct pierces the prostate gland , as prostatic urethra. The prostatic urethra enters into the membranous urethra

Urethra in male has three parts :

1 ) Prostatic urethra : through the prostate 2 ) membranous urethra : between two membranes . 3 ) Penile urethra : through the penis . On each sides of membranous urether there are Cowpers glands (bulbourethral gland)

seminal fluid is consist of sperms & the secretions of 4 accessory glands:

1. 2. 3. 4. seminal vesicle secretion prostatic secretion Cowpers gland secretion (bulbourethral gland ) mucus gland in the urethra

This Note is Done by : G1,G2 girls .. 210 batch ..~ Good luck

 Female :

ovaries (factory ) : located in pelvic and has almost size and shape of the nuts . It have the parenchyma is glandular , functional tissue and the stroma has the supportive function . On the sides there are balls ( follicles ) in the middle fibrous tissue . The ovary is consist of : cortex ( outer layer ) medulla ( inner layer ) ovum is formed in the cortex of the ovary ,Each month from one ovary alternately when the ovary is injured .. The ovum comes out and caught by uterine tube ( Fallopian tube ).

This Note is Done by : G1,G2 girls .. 210 batch ..~ Good luck

The uterine tube is divided into four parts :

1- infundibulum : ( funnel-shaped ) , has fimbria . Some of it are long and reach the ovary and called ovarian fambria. 2- ampulla of fallopian tube: ( where fertilization happens ) 3- isthmus ( narrow area ) 4- intramural part ( where the uterine tube adhere with the uterus )

Uterus:
1. fundus of uterus ( dome shaped ) , The zygote is normally implanted into the posterior wall near the fundus 2. body 3. isthmus of uterus 4. cervix ( cervical canal :starts with the internal os ( circle ) , and ends with the external os ( cyrcle ).

The layers of uterus :

1- The muscle of the uterus is myometrium 2- The outer layer that cover the uterus(pertoniuom) Or epimetrium 3- The inner layer that lined the uterus is endometrium ( where the implantation occur )

This Note is Done by : G1,G2 girls .. 210 batch ..~ Good luck