Colonies Descriptions- Color=region

Virginia-(1607)
Founded by- London Co. Purpose- surplus population in England, wanted economic prosperity for their country Attracted- younger sons (wanted to make their own fortunes due to laws of primogeniture) Characteristics- saved by John Smith after harsh initial years due to starvation (more concerned with finding gold than food); started hostile relations with Indians; tobacco (John Rolfe, father of tobacco industry) economy; enchained to single crop; later a royal colony

New Hampshire-(1623)
Founded by- John Mason Characteristics- sprang from fishing and trading activities; granite-ribbed; later made royal colony

Massachusetts- (1628)
Founded by- Puritans Purpose- religious experiment, become a city on a hill, beacon to humanity Characteristics- Led by governor John Winthrop; provincial government, but not democracy; only Puritans could be freemen; religious leaders held enormous influence; commitment to work and engagement in worldly pursuits Protestant ethic; threatened by Puritan dissenters

Maryland- (1634)
Founded by- Lord Baltimore Purpose- Religious haven for Catholics Attracted: Catholic believers Characteristics-Tobacco economy with indentured servants; granted the Act of Toleration which established religious tolerance but death penalty for those who denied Jesus, was a Proprietary colony

Connecticut- (1635)
Founded by- Massachusetts immigrants Purpose- land was very fertile and expansive Attracted- Dutch and English settlers, Puritans Characteristics- Fundamental Orders- modern constitution, established democratic regime controlled by substantial citizens

Rhode Island- (1636)

Founded by- Roger Williams (Puritan dissenter, encouraged separation of church and state, wanted to pay Native Americans for land) Purpose- set up as liberal colony Attracted- outcasts, those who did not fit in with lifestyles of other colonies; seeking a more liberal lifestyle Characteristics- seen as dumping ground; had universal male suffrage; complete freedom of religion; more liberal than other colonies

Delaware- (1638) New York- (1664)

Founded by- Dutch and Duke of York Characteristics-Henry Hudson claimed area for Dutch; New Netherland transformed into New York; New Amsterdam becomes NYC; aristocratic, cosmopolitan, business-interest; eventual political and civil rights; monopolistic land polices in place

New Jersey-(1664) Carolinas- (1670)

Founded by- land was given to Charles IIs Lord Proprietors; aristocratic founders Purpose- Colonization effort was re-vamped with the start of the Restoration Period; hoped to grow foodstuffs and export non-English products (wine, silk, olive oil) Attracted- poverty-stricken and religious dissenters

North Carolina (1653)- made up of people dissatisfied with Virginia; squatters; reputation for being
irreligious; crushed Indians in Tuscarora War; Colonists resisted authority; most democratic, most independent minded, least aristocratic; hostile to NAs

South Carolina more aristocratic; devoted to profitable staple crops; developed ties with West Indies;
Rice and Indigo (slaves on plantations)

Pennsylvania- (1681)
Founded by- William Penn Purpose- Wanted to try Holy Experiment- establish a haven for Quakers. Experiment with liberal ideas, make a profit Characteristics- best advertised colony- sent out paid agents and distributed flyers; immigrants were attracted to his liberal land policy, very fair treatment of Natives; later non-Quakers flooded and undermined benevolent policy toward Indians; no tax supported church; freedom of worship

Georgia- (1733)
Founded by- James Oglethorpe (he was strict against drinking and slavery) Attracted- Haven for debtors, abolitionists Purpose- serve as Buffer colony (protect Carolinas from Florida) Characteristics- Least populated, least successful; Debtors colony; last colony eventually taken over by crown; All Christians but Catholics tolerated

REGIONS ON NEXT PAGE

Regions
New England Colonies- Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
- Majority of English settlers -Closest family bonds (kinship) -Valued Education most - Church and state intertwined -More suffrage - Strict moral conduct

Southern Colonies- North/South Carolina, Georgia

-Mostly slaves- also Germans, Scots-Irish, English -Largest Plantations -Largest percentage of slave population -Corporations; capitalism -Representative government -Strong aristocratic traditions -Agricultural exporters

Chesapeake Colonies- Maryland, Virginia

-Developed the staple crop tobacco -Women had the most autonomy

Middle Colonies- Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware

-Greatest ethnic diversity Dutch, Germans, English, French, Scots-Irish, Swedish -Fairly acquired Native American land - Religiously tolerant; Quakers -Representative Assemblies -Rivers played vital role