Gabriela Milano World History Monday; 04-18-11 Chapter 16 Section 1 Review 1.

DefineIndustrial Revolution: The changes this industrial technology brought about that have affected manufacturing, or industry immensely. Enclosure Movement: The practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings. Crop Rotation: Alternating crops of different kinds to preserve sol fertility. Factors of Production: Basic resources necessary for industrialization. Mechanization: The use of automatic machinery to increase production. Domestic System: Method of production in which work is done in homes rather than a shop or factory. Factory System: Production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and many workers. Bessemer Process: Method of making steel that involved the forcing of air through molten iron to burn off carbon and other impurities. 2. IdentifyAgricultural Revolution: Is the development of crop/animal raising as a food source which followed after hunter-gathering. James Hagreaves: Invented the modern steam engine. Richard Arkwright: Invented the industrial cotton spinning wheel. Eli Whitney: Invented the cotton gin. James Watt: Invented the modern steam engine. Henry Bessemer: Developed an inexpensive way of making steel. John McAdam: Developed an improved road surface. Robert Fulton: Developed a new process for making rubber. Samuel Morse: Invented the telegraph. Cyrus Field: Laid a telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean.

Gabriela Milano World History Monday; 04-18-11 Chapter 19 Section 3 Review 1. DefineCapitalism: Economic system in which private individuals rather the government control the factors of production Commercial Capitalism: Early phase of capitalism involving merchants who bought, sold, and exchanged goods. Industrial Capitalism: Phase of capitalism during the industrial revolution when people were more involved in producing and manufacturing goods themselves. Division of Labor: Characteristics of early civilization or later manufacturing process in which different people perform different tasks. Mass Production: System of manufacturing large numbers of items that are exactly alike. Sole Proprietorship: Business owned and controlled by one person. Partnership: Business owned and controlled by two or more people. Corporation: Business organization involving the sale of stock to investors, but limiting the shareholders financial responsibility to the amount invested. Monopoly: Control of the total production or sale of a good or service by a single firm. Cartel: Combination of corporations that control an entire industry. Business Cycle: Pattern consisting of alternating periods of prosperity and decline. Depression: Lowest point of the business cycle. 2. IdentifyInterchangeable Parts: Identical components that can be substituted one for another, particularly important in the history of manufacturing. Assembly Line: Is where the interchangeable parts are put together.

Gabriela Milano World History Monday; 04-18-11 Chapter 19 Section 4 Review 1. DefineFree Enterprise: Economic system bases on supply demand and competition. Laissez-Faire: To leave things alone. Utilitarianism: Belief that the principal of utility, or usefulness, was the standard by which to measure a society and its laws. Strike: Bargaining method involving the refusal of workers to work until their demands have been met. Union: Association of workers that plan actions and coordinate commands for the workers. Collective Bargaining: Process of negotiating between union members and management. 2. IdentifyAdam Smith: Best stated the views of the economists in his book The Wealth of Nations. Thomas Malthus: Published An essay on the Principle of Population in 1798. David Ricardo: An English businessman who wrote that working-class poverty was inevitable. Charles Dickens: Attacked selfish business leaders in England with his novels. Jeremy Bentham: English utilitarian philosopher and social reformer. John Stuart Mill: Believed that the government should work for the well being of all its citizens and that all adult citizens should be allowed to vote.

Gabriela Milano World History Monday; 04-18-11 Chapter 19 Section 5 1. DefineSocialism: Political an economical system based on the belief that the means of production should be owned by the government. Utopian Socialist: Person who believes that people can live at peace with each other if they live in small cooperative settlements. Bourgeoisie: City dwelling; middle-class Proletariat: Working Class Authoritarian Socialism: Economic/political system in which the government owns almost all means of production; communism. Communism: Economic/political system in which the government owns almost all the means of production. Democratic Socialism: Political system in which the government takes over the means of production peacefully. 2. IndentifyThomas More: An English humanist who thought his communism was a form of utopia. Robert Owen: A utopian socialist. Karl Marx: A journalist, a very important critic.