11404593|Richard Carlisle

A poet in Jean Pauls story who is too poor to build a proper structure creates one through the separation of a field with the creation of a simple wooden wall (Zucker, 1966). This brings into question the nature of spaces and the interaction between inside and outside. Was what the poet created really inside? Conversely was the opposite outside? These questions are of continued importance because no matter the time or place, inside and outside will always exist. (Thiis-Evensen, 1987). Wolfgang Zucker in his essay establishes three categories that broadly encompass architecture. 1. Where a building (inside) impresses itself upon the environment around it 2. Where a building is in a state of submission to the environment 3. Where an inside and outside are in a symbiotic relationship with the other (Zucker, 1966)

Tower of London
There are two extremes and two areas of middle ground that outline the different states of interaction. The first extreme is the Tower of London, a medieval prison. It follows Neutra thinking that a human is never isolated from the outside save for when he is imprisoned. (Richard Neutra, 1971). Given the immense size of all its parts the inside/purpose has a large canvas to display itself, impressing itself upon the outside. However the large canvas that these walls provide also blocks the outside from the inside. This then is one of the extreme examples of Zuckers first mode of interaction of a structure impressing itself on its surrounds.
Figure 1: Tower of London seen from the Thames. Note the closed nature of it. One can tell the nature of the building but the outside would be a mystery to any inmate

Falling water
Frank Lloyd Wrights Falling Water is the next progression towards the middle and arguably ideal ground for architectural interaction. Falling Water is built in such a manner that the environment is vital to the structural integrity of the building itself. Through structural features the inside of the building and arguably the outside are the same. Zucker states in regard to Wrights works that Figure 3: falling water relies much upon the surrounding his romantic landscape for its form as shown. (Bill 2011) experiments of blending architecture and nature were attempts to deny his house had outside at all and eventually futile.(Zucker, 1966) Whilst a valid point, he has taken the wrong approach to looking at it. There is a fine line between an act of submission to the environment and integration with it. There is a clear distinction between the overgrown building that will be shown later and that of Falling Water. In the same way there is a clear distinction between the Figure 2: Here is an example of how the inside and outside interact despite separation Tower of London and Falling Water. Whilst its inside and outside are still distinct the inside and the outside are not a mystery to each as in the Tower. (saschalafleur 2010)

Farnsworth House
The Farnsworth House occupies a similar middle ground to that of Falling Water. However it is more closely aligned to a structure of submission. Farnsworth House is a structure that is unashamed of its surrounds and uses these to enhance itself. It balances the submission of overgrown Prypiat and the clear division of two spaces that Falling Water. It is able to seamlessly blend the inside and outside through its lack of walls, using windows instead. This house seems to be the perfection of Zuckers Statement neither a complete separation of the inside and outside nor a complete integration can ever be achieved. (Zucker, 1966). Arguably the Farnsworth House at least according to Zucker is the most balanced house. It separates itself with the hard angles and pristine white in its structure, yet integrates itself through the vast windows and flowing decks. Thus Ludwig Mies van der Rohe created a harmonious house with the right amount of separation and integration, as is clearly seen in the title image.

Prypiat
The final structure and second extreme, is the opposite of the Tower, the case of Prypiat almost 35 years after its evacuation. The most dramatic example of this extreme is the dodgem cars (on the right) where the plants have begun to reassert natures chaos on humanitys order. This is the complete opposite to the Tower of London as there is arguably no separation. Instead both spaces are the same because there is no inside and outside, both being almost the same.
Figure 4: As seen here the distinction between inside and outside is lost as they meld together, in the Prypiat Dodgem car ride. (Andrew Hunt 2009)

Conclusion
As a result we come to the conclusion; the poet did divide space in a similar way that Falling water and the Farnsworth house, in what is described as a compassionate manner. Where the inside and outside are divided but are still able to influence each other, in a similar manner to the poet who divided the field though the inside and outside were still connected, forming a cheap but harmonious structure, where the inside and outside balance on another.

Image references
Saschalafleur 2010, Frank Lloyd Wright-Falling Waters, Design stamped, Viewed 1 April 2012<http://designstamped.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/10/fallingwater_bedroom.jpg>

Text and other references

Thomas Thiis-Evensen,1987, Archetypes in Architecture, Universitetsforlaget as, Oslo Richard Neutra, 1971, Building with nature universe, Bio-realism the individual case Books New York W M. Zucker, R Arnheim, J Watterson, Inside and outside in Architecture: A Symposium, The journal of aesthetics and Art criticism, Vol.25, No. 1, Pg. 3-15. S Drake, 2007, The Third Skin, University of NewSouth Wales Press Ltd, Sydney

Bill 2011, Falling water, Wheels Under Our Feet, viewed 22 March 2012 <http://wheelsunderourfeet.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/Falling-Water-Organicarchitecture.jpg>

Andrew Hunt 2009, Prypjat Vergngungspark, Flickr, viewed 28 March 2012 <http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2562/4043397910_dea
7e75d6a_z.jpg?zz=1>

N/A, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Farnsworth House, Gunner Architect, Viewed 21 March 2012 <http://gunnerarchitect.files.wordpress.com/2011/07
/mies-van-der-rohe-farnsworth-house-virtualgraphic.jpg>

N/A, Tower London, London Pictures, Viewed 22 march 2012 <http://londonpictures.com/images/xl_1600x1200/tower_of_london .jpg>