Appendix 3 Reporting Verb Collocations Note that some reporting verbs may appear in more than one of the

following groups. 1. Verbs followed by 'if' or 'whether' + clause:

ask know remember say see

2. Verbs followed by a that-clause:

add admit agree announce answer argue boast claim comment complain confirm consider deny doubt estimate explain fear feel insist mention observe persuade propose remark remember repeat reply report reveal say state suggest suppose tell think understand warn

3. Verbs followed by either a that-clauseor ato-infinitive:

decide expect guarantee hope promise swear threaten

4. Verbs followed by a that-clausecontaining should (but note that it may be omitted, leaving a subject + zero-infinitive):
advise beg demand insist prefer propose recommend request suggest

5. Verbs followed by a clause starting with a question word:

decide describe discover discuss imagine know learn realise see suggest teach tell

explain forget guess

remember think reveal understand say wonder

6. Verbs followed by object + to-infinitive

advise ask beg command forbid instruct invite teach tell warn

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/rep7.cfm Appendix 4: Reporting Verbs When using reported speech, most students learn to use "say" and "tell": Examples: John told me he was going to stay late at work. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend. These forms are perfectly correct for reporting what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures. The following list gives you reporting verbs in various categories based on sentence structure. Notice that a number of verbs can take more than one form.
verb + object + infinitive verb + (that) verb + gerund verb + verb + object + preposition preposition + gerund + gerund

verb + infinitive

advise encourage invite remind warn Examples:

agree decide offer promise refuse threaten Examples:

admit agree decide deny deny accuse apologize explain recommend blame insist insist suggest congratulate promise recommend suggest Examples: Examples: Examples: Examples: He apologized for being late.

Jack encouraged She offered to Tom He denied They me to look for a give him a lift to admitted having accused the work. (that) he anything to boys of had tried to do with her. cheating on

new job. They invited all their friends to attend the presentation.

My brother leave early. Ken refused to take no suggested for an answer. She agreed studying (that) we early in the needed to morning. reconsider our plans.

the exam.

She insisted on doing the She blamed washing her husband for missing the train.

Appendix 6 Websites to Practice using Reported Speech The following are a selection of websites offering reported speech practice activities.
http://a4esl.org/ http://www.upb.edu.co/cdelenguas/englishexer/ http://www.rong-chang.com/ http://geocities.com/ccsnstudents/grammar1.html http://eslus.com/LESSONS/GRAMMAR/Gram.htm http://smccd.net/accounts/sevas/esl/gramcheck/ http://www.collegeem.qc.ca/cemdept/anglais/trouindx.htm http://www.sabri.org/Reported-Speech1.htm http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/index2.htm

Appendix 7 Suggestions for Classroom Activities 1. Penny Ur and Andrew Wright have a good activity in Five-Minute Activities (1992). They suggest challenging the students toward the end of the lesson to recall and report certain things said during the lesson. As an alternative to this, they also suggest writing a list of things said on the board and then asking the students to guess who said them. 2. Group activities which require students to mediate between two people work well. Have pairs stand on the opposite site of the room and then have a person running between them carrying messages in order to achieve a task such as organising a night out or a holiday somewhere. 3. Have students interview each other and then report back in groups. This can work as a good warmer, especially to start the week after the weekend. 4. Ask the students to write a report based on a picture or a series of pictures, as suggested by Friederike Klippel in Keep Talking(1983), on page 131. 5. Organise the class into pairs or small groups and then give each group a picture and ask the pair/group to write a dialogue. Then pass the dialogues around the class and have each group report the dialogue. In the end take the

dialogues and place them on the wall so that the students can compare the way they reported the dialogues. The following are suggestions taken fromGrammar Practice Activities (1998), by Penny Ur. 6. Using articles from a newspaper. First, have your students highlight any direct or reported speech in the articles. Then ask them to read them out to the class while the students in the class try to guess the speaker and/or the context/circumstances. 7. Another suggestion is to interview a student or guest in front of the class and having the students report the interview as if for a newspaper. 8. As a follow-up to 7, ask the students to interview someone for homework, write a report, and present it to the class. Alternatively, the reports could be compiled into a mini newspaper. 9. Give the class a quotation quiz, where you say what some said in reported speech and they have to guess who said it. This can be followed up by looking at the original statement and discussing the context and meaning and relevance to today. 10. Have the students conduct a paper conversation and then write it up in reported speech.