1

Pronunciacin
PGINA 1 PGINA 2
PGINA 3 PGINA 4 PGINA 5 PGINA 6 PGINA 7 PGINA 8

all (ol) todos - ball (bol) pelota - call (col) llamada - fall (fol) cada - hall (jol) sala - mall (mol) centro comercial - tall (tol) alto - wall (uol) pared - small (smol) pequeo - stall (stol) puesto de mercado - recall (ricol) recordar - squall (skuol) rfaga - pitfall (ptfool) riesgo jaw (yo) mandbula - law (lo) ley - paw (po) pata - raw (ro) crudo - saw (so) sierra claw (clo) garra - draw (dro) empate - flaw (flo) defecto - gnaw (no) roer - thaw (zo) deshielo - straw (stro) pajita - bawl (bol) chillar - dawn (don) amanecer - hawk (jok) halcn - lawn (lon) csped - pawn (pon) empear - yawn (ion) bostezo - brawl (brol) pelea - brawn (bron) fuerza muscular - crawl (crol) gatear - drawl (drol) habla lenta y aburrida - shawl (shol) chal clause (clos) clusula, oracin - cause (cos) cause - gauze (gos) gasa - sauce (sos) salsa - pause (pos) pausa, interrupcin - fauna (fona) fauna - sauna (sona) sauna launch (lonch) lanzar, lanzamiento - paunch (ponch) panza, barriga - haunch (jonch) cadera, anca - fraud (frod) fraude - daub (dob) embardunar - fault (folt) culpa, defecto vault (volt) bveda, cripta - haul (jol) tirar, transportar - flaunt (flont) ostentar, lucir - haunt (jont) guarida - gaunt (gont) demacrado, flaco - jaunt (yont) excursin dine (din) cenar - fine (fin) bien, lindo, multa - line (lin) lnea, cola - mine (min) mina nine (nin) nueve - pine (pin) pino - wine (uin) vino - brine (brin) salmuera - shine (shin) brillo, lustre - hide (jid) esconder - ride (rid) paseo - side (sid) lado - tide (tid) marea - wide (wuid) ancho - bride (brid) novia - guide (gid) gua - pride (prid) orgullo - knife (nif) cuchillo - life (lif) vida - wife (wif) esposa - bike (bik) bici - dike (dik) dique - hike (jik) caminata - like (lik) gustar - mike (mik) micr(fono - pike (pik) pica - bile (bil) bilis file (fil) archivo, lima - mile (mil) milla - pile (pil) montn - tile (til) azulejo - vile (vil) vil dice (dis) dados - lice (lis) piojos - mice (mis) ratones - nice (nis) agradable, amable -

rice (ris) arroz - vice (vis) vicio - price (pris) precio - slice (slis) tajada, rebanada, rodaja spice (spis) especia - dime (dim) moneda de diez centavos - lime (lim) lima - time (tim) tiempo, vez, poca - chime (chim) campanada - crime (crim) delito - prime (prim) primero, principal - pipe (pip) tubo, cao, pipa - ripe (rip) maduro - wipe (wuip) limpiar - stripe (strip) raya - dire (dir) horrible - fire (fir) fuego, incendio - hire (jir) contratar - mire (mir) fango, lodo - tire (tir) cansarse - wire (wir) alambre, cable - bite (bit) morder - kite (kit) cometa - rite (rit) rito - site (sit) sitio - trite (trit) trivial - write (rit) escribir - dive (div) sumergirse, bucear - five (fiv) cinco - hive (jiv) colmena - alive (aliv) vivo - drive (driv)
conducir

face (fis) cara - lace (lis) encaje, cordn - mace (mis) maza - pace (pis) paso, ritmo race (ris) carrera, raza - grace (gris) gracia - place (plis) lugar - space (spis) espacio trace (tris) rastro - fade (fid) desteirse - grade (grid) grado, curso - shade (shid) sombra - spade (spid) pala - trade (trid) comercio,oficio - safe (sif) seguro, caja fuerte - chafe (chif) rozar, irritar - cage (kidch) jaula - page (pidch) pgina - rage (ridch) rabia, furia sage (sidch) salvia - wage (widch) salario - stage (stidch) etapa, escena - bake (bik) hornear - cake (kik) torta - fake (fik) falso - hake (jik) merluza - lake (lik) lago - make (mik) hacer - rake (rik) rastrillo - take (tik) tomar, llevar - wake (wik) despertar - brake (brik) freno - flake (flik) copo, escama - quake (kuik) terremoto - shake (shik) sacudir snake (snik) serpiente - stake (stik) estaca, apuesta - dale (dil) valle - gale (guil) vendaval - male (mil) masculino, varn - female (fimil) femenino, hembra - pale (pil) plido - sale (sil) venta - tale (til) cuento - scale (skil) escala, escama - stale (stil) rancio, pasado whale (uil) ballena - fame (fim) fama - game (guim) juego - lame (lim) rengo - name (nim) nombre - same (sim) mismo - tame (tim) manso - flame (flim) llama - frame (frim) marco - shame (shim) verguenza, lstima - cane (kin) caa - lane (lin) callejn, carril mane (min) crin, melena - pane (pin) cristal - wane (win) menguar - crane (krin) gra inane (inin) necio - plane (plin) avin, plano - cape (kip) capa - gape (guip) mirar boquiabierto - rape (rip) violacin - tape (tip) cinta - drape (drip) cubrir - grape (grip) uva - shape (ship) forma - escape (eskip) fuga - base (bis) base - case (kis) caso, estuche vase (vis) florero - chase (chis) persecusin - erase (iris) borrar - phase (fis) fase phrase (fris) frase - date (dit) fecha, cita - fate (fit) destino - gate (guit) puerta - hate (jit) odiar - late (lit) tarde, atrasado - mate (mit) compaero - rate (rit) razn, porcentaje, tarifa -

crate (krit) cajn - grate (grit) rallar - plate (plit) plato, placa - skate (skit) patn - slate (slit) pizarra - state (stit) estado , declarar - estate (estit) propiedad, finca - create (kriit) crear - cave (kiv) cueva, caverna - nave (niv) nave - pave (piv) pavimentar - rave (riv) ponerse furioso - save (siv) salvar, ahorrar, guardar - wave (wiv) ola, onda - daze (dis) aturdir gaze (guis) mirada fija - haze (jis) neblina - laze (lis) holgazanear - maze (mis) laberinto raze (ris) arrazar - craze (kris) mana

Pronunciacin
PGINA 1

PGINA 2 PGINA 3

PGINA 4

PGINA 5

PGINA 6

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PGINA 8

bare (br) desnudo - care (kr) cuidado - dare (dr) atreverse - fare (fr) precio del pasaje hare (jr) liebre - mare (mr) yegua - rare (rr) raro - aware (aer) consciente, enterado blare (blr) resonar - flare (flr) llamarada, bengala - glare (glr) brillo - scare (skr) susto, asustar - share (shr) compartir, cuota, porcin - snare (snr) trampa - spare (spr) de sobra, de repuesto - stare (str) mirada fija - square (skur) plaza, cuadrado air (r) aire - fair (fr) bueno, justo, feria - hair (jr) pelo, cabellos - lair (lr) guarida - pair (pr) par - chair (chr) silla - flair (flr) aptitud, propensin - stair (str) escaln, peldao - impair (impr) perjudicar - repair (ripr) reparar, arreglar - affair (afr) asunto - unfair (anfr) injusto coo (k) arrullar - boo (b) abuchear - woo (w) cortejar - book (bk) libro - boom (bm) auge, estampido - boon (bn) don, bendicin - boos (bs) abuchear - boot (bt) bota - cook (ck) cocinero, cocinar - cool (kl) fresco, sereno - coop (kp) jaula - doom (dm) condena, condenar - food (fd) comida, alimento - fool (fl) tonto, engaar - foot (ft) pie - good (gd) bueno - soon (sn) pronto - moon (mn) luna - noon (nn) medioda - pool (pl) piscina, charco - stool (stl) taburete - afoot (aft) a pie - aloof (alf) apartado, distante - bloom (blm) floracin, florecer - brood (brd) cra, camada - brook (brk) arroyo - broom (brm) escoba crook (krk) ladrn, estafador - drool (drl) babear - droop (drp) inclinarse - gloom (glm) oscuridad, tristeza - groom (grm) novio - proof (prf) prueba, demostracin - scoop (skp) noticia - lagoon (lagn) laguna - maroon (marn) castao, aislar - school (skl) escuela, facultad - tycoon (tai-kn) magnate door (dor) - floor (flor) piso - blood (bld) sangre - flood (fld) inundacin

bore (bor) aburrir - core (cor) centro, mdula - fore (for) delantero, frente - gore (gor) sangre - lore (lor) erudicin, saber - more (mor) ms - pore (por) poro - sore (sor) dolorido, herida - adore (ador) adorar - chore (chor) tarea, queahacer, faena - score (scor) puntaje, cuenta shore (shor) costa, orilla, playa - snore (snor) roncar - store (stor) tienda, comercio whore (jor) ramera, prostituta - ashore (ashor) en tierra - before (bifor) antes de, delante de, antes - galore (galor) en abundancia - ignore (ignor) no hacer caso de pea (pi) arveja - sea (s) mar - tea (ti) t - flea (fli) pulga - plea (pli) splica - bead (bid) cuenta, perla - beak (bik) pico - beam (bim) - bean (bin) frijol, poroto - beat (bit) golpe, latido - deal (dil) trato, cantidad, transaccin - dean (din) decano - dear (dir) estimado, querido - fear (fir) temor - feat (fit) hecho, hazaa, proeza - gear (guir) equipo, herramientas - heal (jil) sanar, curar - heap (jip) montn, pila - hear (jir) or, escuchar - heat (jit) calor, calefaccin - lead (lid) conducir, guiar - leaf (lif) hoja - leak (lik) gotera, gotear - lean (lin) inclinarse, recostarse - leap (lip) saltar, salto - meal (mil) comida - mean (min) malo , significar - meat (mit) carne - near (nir) - neat (nit) aseado, limpio - peak (pik) pico, cumbre - peal (pil) estruendo - peach (pich) durazno - peat (pit) turba - read (rid) leer - reap (rip) cosechar, segar - seal (sil) foca, sellar seam (sim) costura - seat (sit) asiento - team (tim) equipo - tear (tir) lgrima - teat (tit) teta, pezn - veal (vil) ternera - beach (bich) playa - beard (bird) barba - beast (bist) bestia bleach (blich) blanquear - breach (brich) brecha, infraccin - feast (fist) banquete, fiesta scream (scrim) grito, gritar - squeak (skuik) rechinar, chirriar - stream (strim) arroyo, corriente

Pronunciacin
PGINA 1 PGINA 2

PGINA 3 PGINA 4

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bear (br) oso - pear (pr) pera - rare (rr) raro, poco cocido - dead (dd) muerto - deaf (df) sordo - head (jd) cabeza - death (dz) muerte - bread (brd) pan - breast (brst) seno, pecho - breath (brz) respiracin, aliento - spread (sprd) desparramar, extenderse - thread
(zrd) hilo, enhebrar

bee (bi) abeja - fee (fi) cuota, honorario - lee (fi) abrigo - pee (pi) orinar - see (si) ver - flee (fli) huir, escapar de - free (fri) libre, grtis - glee (gli) alegra, gozo - knee (ni) rodilla - tree (tri) rbol - agree (agri) estar de acuerdo, asentir - scree (scri) chillido, chillar - spree (spri) juerga three (zri) tres - beef (bif) carne de vaca - beer (bir) cerveza - beet (bit) remolacha - deed (did) hecho, accin - deem (dim) juzgar, considerar - deep (dip) profundo - deer (dir) ciervo, venado - feed (fid) alimentar, dar de comer - feel (fil) sentir, sentirse, tocar - feet (fit) pies - heed (jid) atencin - heel (jil) taln, taco - keel (kil) quilla -keen (kin) perspicaz - keep (kip) mantener, guardar - leek (lik) puerro - leer (lir) mirada de reojo - meek (mik) manso, sumiso meet (mit) conocer por primera vez, econtrar se con - need (nid) necesitar , necesidad - peek (pik) atisbar, espiar - peel (pil) cscara, pelar - peep (pip) ojeada, mirada - peer (pir) compaero reed (rid) junco, caa - reef (rif) arrecife - reek (rik) apestar - reel (ril) carrete, rollo, bobina seed (sid) semilla - seek (sik) buscar - seem (sim) parecer - seep (sip) filtrarse - veer (vir) virar - leech (lich) sanguijuela - bleed (blid) sangrar - breed (brid) raza, criar - cheek (chik) mejilla - cheep (chip) po, piar - cheer (chir) animar, alegra - creed (crid) creencia, credo creek (crik) riachuelo - creep (crip) arrastrarse - fleet (flit) flota, armada - greed (grid) codicia, avaricia - breeze (briz) brisa - cheese (chis) queso - queen (kuin) reina - queer (kuir) raro, extrao - career (carir) carrera, profesin - esteem (estim) estima, aprecio - screen (scrin) pantalla - steel (stil) acero - steep (stip) empinado - steer (stir) conducir - street
(strit) calle

Estas palabras se pronuncian como se escriben (pero con un " i " gutural )

bib babero - big grande - bid oferta, licitacin - bin recipiente - bit pedazo, trozo - dig cavar dim oscuro - din estrpito - dip zambullir, sumergir - fib mentirilla - fig higo - fin aleta - fit caber - fix arreglar, preparar - hip cadera - hit golpe, golpear - kid nio - kin parientes - kit equipo, juego - lid tapa - lip labio - mix mezclar - nip pellizco, pellizcar - nil nada, nulo - nib roer, mordisco - pig cerdo - pip pepita - pit pozo, pepita - rib costilla - rid librar - rig aparejo, equipo - rim llanta, borde - rip rasgadura, rasgar - sin pecar, pecado - sip beber a sorbos, sorbo sit sentarse - six seis - tip propina, punta, consejo - fill llenar - gill agalla - hill colina - kill matar - mill molino - pill pldora, pastilla - till hasta - will voluntad, testamento - brim borde chic elegante - chill escalofro, fro - drill taladro, perforar - grill parrilla, asar en parrila - skill habilidad, destreza - spill derrame, derramar, volcar - still todava, an, inmvil - swill basura chick pollito, chica - chin mentn - chip ficha, papa frita - chit charla - clip grapa, corte - bill factura - sick enfermo - stick palo, vara, palito - lick lamer - kick patear, patada - nick muesca, rasguo, mella - pick escoger, recoger - ring anillo - sting picadura, aguijn - sing cantar - tin estao, lata - pin alfiler, prendedor - slim delgado - king rey - string cuerda, hilo,
cordn

estas palabras se pronuncian con una "e" gutural

fir

- dirt (drt) suciedad, mugre - firm (frm) empresa, compaia, firma - girl (gurl) chica, nia - birch (brch) abedul - birth (brz) nacimiento first (frst) primero - girth (gurz) faja, cinturn - chirp (chrp) gorjeo, gorjear - flirt (flrt) flirtear shirk (shrk) esquivar, eludir, evitar - shirt (shrt) - skirt (skrt) falda, pollera - stir (str) revolver - swirl (surl) remolino, arremolinarse
(fr) abeto (sr) seor (brd) pjaro estas palabras se pronuncian con una "e" gutural

- sir

- bird

urn (rn) urna - fur (fr) piel, pelo - burn (brn) quemar, quemadura - hurt (jrt) herir, herida curb (krb) cordn de vereda, restriccin - curl (krl) rizo, rulo - curt (krt) corto, conciso - hurl (jrl) lanzar, arrojar - lurk (lrk) estar al acecho, esconderse - lurch (lrch) sacudida, dar sacudidas blurt (blrt) decir bruscamente - churn (chrn) revolver, batir - spur (spr) espuela - spurn (sprn) despreciar, desprecio - spurt (sprt) borbotn, salir en chorros - church (chrch) iglesia turn (trn) doblar, dar vuelta, vuelta, turno

Pronunciacin
PGINA 1 PGINA 2 PGINA 3

PGINA 4 PGINA 5

PGINA 6

PGINA 7

PGINA 8

boat (but) barco, buque - coal (cul) carbn - coat (cut) abrigo, saco - foal (ful) potro foam (fum) espuma - goad (gud) aguijonear - goal (gul) meta, objetivo - goat (gut) cabra hoax (ux) embromar, engaar, broma, trampa - load (lud) cargar, carga - loaf (luf) holgazanear loan (lun) prestar, prstamo - moan (mun) gemir, quejarse, gemido - moat (mut) foso cloak (cluk) capa, manto - croak (cruk) croar, graznar - float (flut) flotar, boyar - groan (grun) gemir, quejarse, gemido, quejido - road (rud) camino, carretera - roam (rum) vagar soak (suk) remojar, empapar, remojo - soap (sup) jabn - toad (tud) sapo - shoal (shul) banco de arena o de peces - throat (zrut) garganta bay (bi) baha - day (di) da - gay (gui) alegre, homosexual - hay (ji) heno, forraje - lay (li) poner, colocar, laico - May (mi) mayo - pay (pi) pagar, paga - ray (ri) rayo - say (si) decir way (wi) manera, modo, direccin, sentido, camino - bray (bri) rebuznar - clay (cli) arcilla, greda fray (fri) pelea, ria - gray (gri) gris - okay (oki) bien, de acuerdo - play (pli) jugar, tocar, obra de teatro - pray (pri) rezar, orar - slay (sli) matar - stay (sti) quedar, permanecer, estada sway (sui) oscilar, oscilacin - tray (tri) bandeja - array (arri) serie, fila, hilera, poner en orden delay (dili) demorar, retrasarse, demora - essay (sei) ensayo - spray (spri) rociar - stray
(stri) descarriado, errante

cry (cri) llorar, alarido, grito - fly (fli) volar, mosca - fry (fri) fer - spry (spri) gil, activo - rely (rili) contar, confiar - sty (sti) chiquero, pocilga - sky (ski) cielo - spy (spi) espa, espiar - shy (shi) tmido - sly (sli) astuto - dry (dri) secar, seco - try (tri) probar, intentar, prueba - wry (wri)
torcido, irnico

bail (bil) fianza - bait (bit) cebo, carnada - faint (fint) desmayarse - faith (fiz) f, confianza fail (fil) fracasar, fallar - gain (guin) ganar, ganancia - gait (guit) andar, paso , marcha - hail (jil) granizo - jail (yil) crcel, prisin - maid (mid) sirvienta - mail (mil) correo, enviar por correo -

raid (rid) incursin, ataque - rail (ril) baranda, pasamanos, carril - rain (rin) lluvia - sail (sil) navegar, vela - tail (til) cola - main (min) principal, mayor - maim (mim) mutilacin, mutilar nail (nil) ua, clavo, clavar - pail (pil) cubo, balde - pain (pin) dolor, sufrimiento - vain (vin) vano, ftil - braid (brid) trenza, trenzar - brain (brin) cerebro, seso - chain (chin) cadena, encadenar - claim (clim) afirmar, reclamar, demanda - drain (drin) desague, desagotar - frail (fril) frgil, dbil - grain (grin) grano - plain (plin) sencillo, evidente - plait (plit) pliegue, trenza quail (kuil) codorniz, acobardarse - snail (snil) caracol - trail (tril) sendero, rastro, huella, estela train (trin) tren fight (fit) pelea, pelear - light (lit) luz, liviano, claro - might (mit) podero - night (nit) noche - right (rit) correcto, derecho, justo - sight (sit) - tight (tit) apretado, ajustado, tacao - alight (alit) encendido, iluminado - blight (blit) frustrar, arruinar - bright (brit) brillante, luminoso flight (flit) vuelo - fright (frit) susto - height (jit) altura, altitud - knight (nit) caballero plight (plit) situacin o estado difcil - slight (sit) vista, visin - delight (dilit) deleite, encanto, encantar - insight (nsit) intuicin, perspicacia - tonight (tchunit) esta noche - upright (p rit) erguido, vertical - uptight (p tit) tenso, nervioso eight (it) ocho - weight (wit) peso, pesa - freight (frit) carga - straight (strit) derecho,
recto

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Pronunciacin
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cube (kib) cubo - cure (kir) curar, curacin - cute (kit) lindo, listo - fume (fim) hechar humo fuse (fis) fusible - huge (jidch) enorme - June (dchin) junio - lure (lir) atraer, seuelo mule (mil) mula - muse (mis) musa - mute (mit) mudo - pure (pir) puro - abuse (abis) maltratar, denigrar, maltrato - amuse (amis) divertir, entretener - acuse (akis) acusar - tube (tib) tubo - tune (tin) meloda, cancin - use (is) usar, uso dew (di) roco - few (fi) pocos, pocas - mew (mi) maullido, maullar - new (ni) nuevo - pew (pi) banco - spew (spi) vomitar - stew (sti) estofado, guiso, guisar - view (vi) vista, visin, ver blew (bl) pasado del verbo blow - brew (br) elaborar, preparar - chew (ch) mascar, masticar crew (cr) tripulacin, cuadrilla, equipo - drew (dr) pasado del verbo draw - flew (fl) pasado del verbo fly - grew (gr) pasado del verbo grow - knew (n) pasado del verbo know - slew (sl)
pasado del verbo slay

die (di) morir - lie (li) mentir - pie (pi) pastel - tie (ti) corbata, atar - vie (vi) competir, rivalizar bud - bug (bag) bicho - bum (bam) vago, vagabundo - bun (ban) bollo, pancito - bus (bas) autobs - but (bat) pero - cub (cab) cachorro - cup (cap) taza, copa -cut (cat) cortar, corte - dug (dag) pasado del verbo dig - fun (fan) diversin, alegra - gum (gam) enca, chicle - gun (gan) arma, pistola - gut (gat) tripa, intestino - guy (gai) tipo, to hug (jag) abrazo, abrazar - hum (jam) zumbido, zumbar - hut (jat) cabaa, choza - jug (yag) jarro, cntaro - jut (yat) salirse - lug (lag) llevar, arrastrar - mud (mad) barro, lodo - mug (mag) jarra - nun (nan) monja - nut (nat) nuez, loco - pub (pab) cantina, taberna pup (pap) cachorro - rub (rab) frotar, restregar - rug (rag) alfombra - rum (ram) ron - run (ran) correr rut (rat) surco - rust (rast) xido, oxidar - sum (sam) suma, cantidad - sun (san) sol - tub (tab) tina, baera - tug (tag) remolcar, arrastrar - chug (chag) resoplar - chunk (chank)
(bad) capullo, pimpollo

11 pedazo -

chum (cham) compaero - club (clab) club, palo - drug (drag) droga, medicamento blunt (blant) desafilado - blush (blash) ruborizarse - plug (plag) tapn, enchufe, tapar, enchufar - plum (plam) ciruela - slum (slam) barrio bajo - trust (trast) confianza, confiar en - scum (scam) escoria - shut (shat) cerrado, cerrar - slug (slag) babosa - slut (slat) mujerzuela smug (smag) presumido - snub (snab) desaire, desairar - snug (snag) cmodo, ajustado tough - rough (raf) spero, tosco, grosero - cough toser, tos - enough (inaf) suficiente, bastante - trough (traf) abrevadero, comedero
(taf) duro, difcil, resistente, fuerte

(cof)

image

- usage (isidch) uso - damage (dmidch) dao - dosage (dusidch) dosificacin - forage (fridch) forraje, pasto - homage (jmidch) homenaje manage (mnidch) administrar, dirigir - ravage (rvidch) asolar, destrozar - savage (svidch) salvaje, feroz - sewage (sidch) aguas residuales - voyage (vi-idch) viaje, travesa - average (veridch) promedio, trmino medio - baggage (bguidch) equipaje - bandage (bndich) venda, vendaje - bondage (bndidch) esclavitud - cabbage (cbidch) repollo - cottage (ctidch) casa de campo - courage (karidch) coraje, valenta - garbage (grbidch) basura - hostage (jstidch) rehn - luggage (lagidch) equipaje
(midch) imgen

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Pronunciacin
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PGINA 7

PGINA 8

douse (dus) mojar, apagar - rouse (rus) despertar - house (jus) casa - blouse (blus) blusa - grouse (grus) queja, quejarse - spouse (spus) esposo/a , consorte - mouse (mus) ratn, laucha - louse (lus) piojo out (ut) afuera - bout (but) combate, ataque - doubt (dut) duda - hour (ur) - pout (put) poner mala cara, hacer pucheros - about (abut) acerca de, sobre, aproximadamente - clout (clut) golpe, bofetada - flout (flut) burlarse - scout (scut) explorador, explorar - shout (shut) grito, gritar - snout (snut) hocico, jeta - spout (sput) pico de jarra - stout (stut) corpulento, robusto trout (trut) trucha - gout (gut) gota - foul (ful) falta, repugnante - loud (lud) en voz alta, ruidoso - lout (lut) patn - noun (nun) sustantivo - rout (rut) derrota - sour (sur) agrio, cido - bound (bund) lmite, limitar - round (rund) redondo - sound (sund) sano, seguro, sonido count (cunt) contar, cuenta - found (fund) fundar , pasado del verbo find - pound (pund) libra, golpear - hound (jund) acosar, perro de caza - mound (mund) montn de tierra , montculo ground (grund) tierra, suelo - mount (munt) montar, montaa - amount (amunt) cantidad, suma, importe - crouch (cruch) agacharse, acurrucarse - pouch (puch) bolsa, saco - mouth
(muz) boca

cow (cu) vaca - how (ju) cmo - now (nu) ahora - vow (vu) voto, deseo, prometer - brow (bru) frente, ceja - plow (plu) arado, arar - prow (pru) proa - brown (brun) marrn - clown (clun) payaso - growl (grul) gruir - crowd (crud) multitud, gento, muchedumbre - crown (crun) corona - drown (drun) ahogarse, ahogar - frown (frun) fruncir el ceo low (lu) bajo - mow (mu) cortar, segar - row (ru) fila, lnea - sow (su) sembrar - tow (tu) remolcar - slow (slu) lento - blow (blu) soplar, golpe - crow (cru) cuervo - flow (flu) flujo, flur - glow (glu) brillar, resplandor - grow (gru) crecer - know (nu) saber, conocer - show (shu) mostrar - snow (snu) nieve, nevar - stow (stu) guardar, meter

13

bold (buld) atrevido, valiente - cold (culd) fro, resfro - bolt (bult) tornillo, buln - fold (fuld) plegar, doblar, pliegue - gold (guld) oro - hold (juld) sostener, agarrar, retener - mold (muld) molde, amoldar - scold (sculd) reir - told (tuld) pasado del verbo tell hole (jul) agujero, orificio - mole (mul) lunar, topo - pole (pul) polo, palo, asta - role (rul) papel - sole (sul) suela, taln, nico - whole (jul) completo, entero - stole (stul) pasado de steal - parole (parul) libertad condicional nature (ni-cher) naturaleza - future (fi-cher) futuro - culture (cl-cher) cultura - gesture (yst-cher) gesto, ademn, gesticular - lecture (lk-cher) conferencia, dar una conferencia structure (strk-cher) estructura - mixture (mx-cher) mezcla - nurture (nr-cher) nutricin, nutricin - pasture (pst-cher) pastura, pastar - creature (crcher) criatura, ser viviente fracture (frk-cher) fractura - juncture (yank-cher) coyuntura - moisture (mis-cher) humedad - puncture (pank-cher) perforacin, agujerear, pinchar - censure (snsher) censura, crtica, censurar, criticar - closure (clusher) cierre, fin - leisure (lisher) ocio, tiempo libre measure (msher) medida, medir - pleasure (plsher) placer - pressure (prsher) presin treasure (trsher) tesoro, atesorar

14

Pronunciacin
PGINA 1 PGINA 2 PGINA 3 PGINA 4 PGINA 5 PGINA 6 HOMFONOS PGINA 8

Homfonos son trminos que tienen idntica pronunciacin

all (ol) todo/a, todos/as air (er) aire altar (lter) altar ant (nt) hormiga ate (it) pasado de eat capital (cpital) capital cent (snt) centavo sent pasado de send cereal (srial) cereal chili (chli) aj, chile chord (crd) acorde cite (sit) mencionar, citar site sitio, escenario coarse (cors) tosco, grosero colonel (krnel) coronel complement (cmplement) complemento core (cor) centro, ncleo, esencia counsel (cunsel) consejo, aconsejar creak (crik) crujir, chirriar, rechinar cymbals (smbols) platillos bail (bil) fianza ball (bol) bare (ber) desnudo, descubierto baron (bren) barn

awl (ol) lezna, punzn heir (er) heredero alter (lter) alterar, cambiar, modificar aunt (nt) ta eight (it) ocho capitol (cpital) capitolio scent (snt) perfume, rastro, pista serial (srial) serie de TV chilly (chli) fro cord (crd) cable, cuerda sight (sit) vista, visin course (cors) curso, camino, recorrido kernel (krnel) ncleo, meollo compliment (cmplement) halago, lisonja corps (cor) cuerpo council (cunsel) concilio, ayuntamiento creek (crik) riachuelo symbols (smbols) smbolos bale (bil) fardo bawl (bol) chillar, gritar bear (ber) oso/a barren (bren) estril, yermo, rido

15

berth (berz) litera, camarote blue (bl) azul boar (bor) jabal bough (bu) rama break (brik) romper, quebrar, descanso bread (brd) pan but (bat) pero, sino, excepto buy (bi) comprar dam (dm) dique, embalse, presa dear (dir) estimado, querido descent (disnt) descenso, descendencia die (di) morir doe (du) coneja, cierva dual (diel) dual earn (ern) ganar, merecer ewe (i) oveja eye (i) ojo eyelet (ilit) abertura faint (fint) desmayarse, dbil, lnguido fair (fr) justo, rubio, feria, bastante feat (fit) accin, hecho, hazaa, proeza fir (fer) abeto flair (flr) instinto, olfato flea (fli) pulga flew (fl) pasado de fly floe (flu) tmpano

birth (berz) nacimiento blew (bl) pasado de blow bore (bor) perforar, aburrir, pelmazo bow (bu) proa brake (brik) frenar, freno bred (brd) pasado de breed butt (bat) culata, colilla, dar cabezadas contra by (bi) por, cerca de, junto a damn (dm) condenar, maldecir deer (dir) ciervo, venado dissent (disnt) disensin dye (di) tinte, teir dough (du) masa, pasta duel (diel) duelo urn (ern) urna you (i) t, ustedes I (i) yo islet (ilit) isleta feint (fint) ficcin, amagar fare (fr) pasaje, tarifa feet (fit) pies fur (fer) piel, pelo flare (flr) llamarada, bengala flee (fli) huir, escapar de flu (fl) gripe flow (flu) flujo, flur, manar

16

for (for) para, por - fore delantero, anterior forth (forz) adelante, delante fowl (ful) ave de corral gait (guit) modo de andar gorilla (guerla) gorila great (grit) grande, gran hair (jr) pelo, cabello, cabellera hall (jol) vestbulo, sala de espectculos halve (jv) partir en dos hanger (jnguer) percha here (jir) aqu, ac herd (jerd) manada, rebao heal (jil) curar , sanar heroin (jrouin) herona - la droga him (jm) hoard (jord) depsito, tesoro, acumular hole (jul) agujero, hueco, hoyo hostel (jstl) albergue juvenil hour (ur) hora idle (idl) ocioso, perder el tiempo isle (il) sla key (ki) llave, clave, tecla knead (nid) amasar knot (nt) nudo, lazo, anudar, enlazar lain (lin) pasado de lie leak (lik) gotera, filtracin, gotear

four (for) cuatro fourth (forz) cuarto foul (ful) asqueroso, falta gate (guit) puerta guerrilla (guerla) guerrillero/a grate (grit) reja, verja, parrilla, rallar hare (jr) liebre haul (jol) transportar, arrastrar, tirn have (jv) tener, haber hangar (jnguer) hangar hear (jir) or, escuchar heard (jerd) pasado de hear heel (jil) taln, tacn heroine (jrouin) herona - la protagonista hymn (jm) himno horde (jord) horda whole (jul) entero, total, completo hostile (jstl) hostil our (ur) nuestro/a nuestros/as idol (idl) dolo I'll (il) quay (ki) muelle, desembarcadero need (nid) necesitar not (nt) lane (lin) carril, senda leek (lik) puerro

17

lessen (lsen) disminuir, reducir load (lud) carga, cargar loan (lun) prestar, prstamo loot (lut) botn, saqueo made (mid) pasado de make male (mil) masculino, macho mane (min) melena, crn meat (mit) carne medal (mdl) medalla might (mit) poder, fuerza moan (mun) gemido, quejarse, gemir morning (morning) maana mussel (msl) mejilln naval (nivl) naval nay (ni) no night (nit) noche know (nu) saber, conocer none (nan) niguno, nada one (un) uno/a or (or) o oar remo oh (u) pail (pil) cubo, balde pain (pin) dolor, afliccin, pena pair (pr) par - pare (pr) cortar, recortar palette (plet) paleta peace (pis) paz

lesson (lsen) leccin, enseanza lode (lud) veta - en una mina lone (lun) solo, solitario lute (lut) lad maid (mid) empleada domstica mail (mil) correspondencia, enviar por correo main (min) principal, primero meet (mit) encontrarse con meddle (mdl) entrometerse mite (mit) caro mown (mun) cortar, segar mourning (mrning) luto, duelo muscle (msl) msculo navel (nivl) ombligo neigh (ni) relinchar, relincho knight (nit) caballero no (nu) no nun (nan) monja won (un) pasado de win ore (or) mineral owe (u) deber, adeudar pale (pil) plido pane (pin) vidrio, hoja de vidrio pear (pr) pera palate (plet) paladar piece (pis) pedazo, trozo

18

peak (pik) pico, cumbre, punta peal (pil) repique, estruendo pedal (pdl) pedal, pedalear peer (pir) par, igual, compaero pi (pi) pi pistil (pstl) pistilo plain (plin) claro, evidente, sencillo plumb (plam) sondar, plomada pole (pul) polo, asta, palo, poste, mstil pore (por) poro pray (pri) rezar, orar, suplicar principal (prncipl) principal, director prophet (prfit) profeta rap (rp) dar un golpecito read (rid) leer rein (rin) rienda - rain (rin) lluvia ring (rng) anillo, ring road (rud) camino, carretera route (rut) ruta rye (ri) centeno sale (sil) venta scene (sin) escena sea (si) mar seam (sim) costura shear (shir) esquilar sleigh (sli) trineo

peek (pik) atisbar, mirar a hurtadillas peel (pil) pelar, cscara peddle (pdl) vender de puerta en puerta pier (pir) muelle, desembarcadero pie (pi) pastel pistol (pstl) pistola plane (plin) avin plum (plam) ciruela poll (pul) encuesta, votacin pour (por) verter, echar prey (pri) presa principle (prncipl) principio profit (prfit) ganancia, beneficio wrap (rp) envolver, envoltura reed (rid) junco, caa reign (rin) reino, soberana wring (rng) retorcer rode (rud) pasado de ride root (rut) raz wry (ri) irnico sail (sil) navegar seen (sin) pasado de see see (si) ver seem (sim) parecer sheer (shir) puro, completo slay (sli) matar

19

sole (sul) suela son (san) hijo some (sam) algn, algo de sore (sor) herida, llaga, dolorido stake (stik) estaca, apuesta stair (str) escaln steal (stil) robar, hurtar step (stp) paso, pisada strait (strit) estrecho (geog) suite (suit) cuarto tail (til) cola, rabo taught (tt) pasado de teach team (tim) equipo tier (tir) grada, piso there (dr) all, all, ah threw (zr) pasado de throw throne (zrun) trono to (tch) a, para - two (tch) dos toe (tu) dedo del pie vane (vin) aspa, paleta, veleta waist (wist) cintura wait (wit) esperar, servir war (wr) guerra way (wi) manera, modo, direccin, sentido weak (wik) dbil wholly (juli) completamente

soul (sul) alma sun (san) sol sum (sam) suma, cantidad soar (sor) remontarse, volar steak (stik) biftect stare (str) mirada fija, steel (stil) acero steppe (stp) estepa straight (strit) directo, derecho, recto sweet (suit) dulce tale (til) cuento, chisme, fbula taut (tt) tenso, tirante teem (tim) rebozar tear (tir) lgrima their (der) su through (zr) a travs de thrown (zrun) pasado de throw too (tch) tambin, demasiado tow (tu) remolcar, remolque vain (vin) vano, presumido waste (wist) derrochar, basura, prdida weight (wit) peso wore (wr) pasado de wear weigh (wi) pesar week (wik) semana holy (juli) santo, sagrado

20

would (wud) write (rit) escribir yoke (iuk) yugo

wood (wud) madera, bosque right (rit) derecho, apropiado, justo yolk (iuk) yema

Estas palabras No se pronuncian igual

pronunciar con "i" latina pronunciar con "i" gutural

leave (liv) irse, dejar seek (sik) buscar feel (fil) steal (stil) robar, hurtar feet (fit) pies beet (bit) cheek (chik) mejilla heel (jil) taln, tacn keel (kil) quilla heat (jit) calor leap (lip) saltar, brincar meal (mil) comida peel (pil) pelar, cscara wheel (wil) rueda cheap (chip) barato leak (lik) gotear, gotera heap (jip) montn

live (liv) vivir sick (sik) enfermo fill (fil) still (stil) fit (fit) caber bit (bit) pedacito chick (chik) pollito, chica hill (jil) colina kill (kil) matar hit (jit) golpear, golpe lip (lip) labio mill (mil) molino pill (pil) pldora, pastilla will (wil) voluntad, testamento chip (chip) papa frita, ficha lick (lik) lamer hip (jip) cadera

21 Pronunciar con "a" gutural pronunciar con "ae"

but (bat) pero, sino cut (cat) cortar, corte bud (bad) capullo mud (mad) barro bug (bag) bicho, chinche cup (cap) copa, tasa fun (fan) divertido, diversin hut (jat) choza rug (rag) alfombra

bat (bat) murcilago cat (cat) gato bad (bad) malo mad (mad) loco bag (bag) bolsa, bolso cap (cap) gorro, gorra fan (fan) ventilador, abanico hat (jat) sombrero rag (rag) trapo, harapo

Terminaciones "ed" del Past Tense de verbos regulares

la pronunciacin de los verbos terminan con d o t la "ed" se pronuncia como "id"

to visit (visit) visitar to start (start) empezar to want (wnt) querer to add (d) aadir, agregar to hate (jit) odiar, detestar to rent (rent) alquilar to arrest (arrst) arrestar to wait (wit) esperar to rest (rst) descanzar to accept (akspt) aceptar to eliminate (elminit) eliminar to decide (disid) to repeat (ript)

visited (vsitid) started (startid) wanted (wntid) added (did) hated (jitid) rented (rntid) arrested (arrstid) waited (witid) rested (rstid) accepted (aksptid) eliminated (elminitid) decided (disidid) repeated (riptid)

la pronunciacin de los verbos terminan en r, n, i , l

la "ed" se pronuncia como "d"

22

to discover (discver) descubrir to conquer (cnker) conquistar to notify (nutifi) notificar to specify (spcifi) especificar to explore (eksplor) explorar to destroy (distri) destruir to sweeten (suten) endulzar to blacken (blken) ennegrecer to prefer (prifer) preferir to combine (combin) combinar to study (stadi) estudiar to pay (pi) pagar to stay (sti) permanecer to answer (nser) responder to clean (clin) limpiar to call (col) llamar to listen (lsn) escuchar
En el resto de los verbos

discovered (discverd) conquered (cnkerd) Notified (nutifid) specified (spcifid) explored (eksplord) destroyed (distrid) sweetened (sutend) blackened (blkend) prefered (priferd) combined (combind) Studied (stadid) payed (pid) stayed (stid) answered (nserd) Cleaned (clind) called (cold) Listened (lsnd)
la "ed" se pronuncia como "t"

to talk (tk) hablar to walk (uk) caminar to work (werk) trabajar to love (lv) amar to receive (riciv) recibir to help (jlp) ayudar, socorrer to cook (kk) cocinar to live (lv) vivir to dance (dns) bailar to smoke (smuk) fumar to arrive (arriv) llegar to wash (wsh) lavar to fix (fks) arreglar, preparar to park (park) estacionar to miss (mis) extraar, perder

talked (tkt) walked (ukt) worked (werkt) loved (lvt) received (ricivt) helped (jlpt) cooked (kkt) lived (lvt) danced (dnst) smoked (smukt) arrived (arrivt) washed (wsht) fixed (fkst) parked (parkt) missed (mst)

23

to exercise (ksersis) hacer ejercicio

exercised (ksersist)

There Be (impersonal) ver + - ?

24 Conjugaciones THERE IS (singular) THERE ARE (plural) THERE WAS (s) THERE WERE (p) THERE HAS BEEN (s) THERE HAVE BEEN (p) THERE HAD BEEN THERE WILL BE THERE IS GOING TO BE (s) THERE ARE GOING TO BE (p) THERE WAS GOING TO BE (s) THERE WERE GOING TO BE (p) THERE WILL HAVE BEEN THERE WOULD BE THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN THERE CAN BE THERE COULD BE THERE MAY BE THERE MIGHT BE THERE SHOULD BE THERE MUST BE THERE HAS TO BE (s) THERE HAVE TO BE (p) THERE HAD TO BE THERE COULD HAVE BEEN THERE MIGHT HAVE BEEN THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN THERE MUST HAVE BEEN THERE HAS TO HAVE BEEN (s) THERE HAVE TO HAVE BEEN (p) THERE HAD TO HAVE BEEN
HAY HAY HUBO, HABA HUBO, HABA HA HABIDO HA HABIDO HABA HABIDO HABR VA A HABER VA A HABER IBA A HABER IBA A HABER HABR HABIDO HABRA HABRA HABIDO PUEDE HABER PODRA/ PUDO HABER PUEDE HABER PODRA HABER DEBERA HABER DEBE HABER TIENE QUE HABER TIENE QUE HABER TUVO/ TENA QUE HABER PODRA/PUDO HABER HABIDO

Significado
There is a house

Ejemplos
There are two houses There was a party last night There were many people There has been a hurricane There have been two hurricanes There had been many problems There will be a party tonight There is going to be a celebration There are going to be many guests There was going to be a party yesterday There were going to be many guests There will have been much money There would be an orchestra There would have been many musicians There can be a fire There could be many injured people There may be a storm There might be blackouts There should be a warning There must be a way out There has to be a solution There have to be several solutions There had to be a cause There could have been a mistake

PODRA HABER HABIDO There might have been an explosion DEBERA HABER HABIDO DEBE HABER HABIDO TIENE QUE HABER HABIDO TIENE QUE HABER HABIDO TUVO/TENA QUE HABER HABIDO There should have been warnings There must have been an error There has to have been a reason There have to have been many reasons There had to have been a purpose

There Be (impersonal) anterior

25 AFFIRMATIVE
THERE IS (singular) THERE ARE (plural) THERE WAS (s) THERE WERE (p) THERE HAS BEEN (s) THERE HAVE BEEN (p) THERE HAD BEEN THERE WILL BE THERE IS GOING TO BE (s) THERE ARE GOING TO BE (p) THERE WAS GOING TO BE (s) THERE WERE GOING TO BE (p) THERE WILL HAVE BEEN THERE WOULD BE THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN THERE CAN BE THERE COULD BE THERE MAY BE THERE MIGHT BE THERE SHOULD BE THERE MUST BE THERE COULD HAVE BEEN THERE MIGHT HAVE BEEN THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN THERE MUST HAVE BEEN

NEGATIVE
THERE IS NOT THERE ARE NOT THERE WAS NOT THERE WERE NOT THERE HAS NOT BEEN THERE HAVE NOT BEEN THERE HAD NOT BEEN THERE WILL NOT BE THERE IS NOT GOING TO BE THERE ARE NOT GOING TO BE THERE WAS NOT GOING TO BE THERE WERE NOT GOING TO BE THERE WILL NOT HAVE BEEN THERE WOULD NOT BE THERE WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN THERE CANNOT BE THERE COULD NOT BE THERE MAY NOT BE THERE MIGHT NOT BE THERE SHOULD NOT BE THERE MUST NOT BE THERE COULD NOT HAVE BEEN THERE MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN THERE SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN THERE MUST NOT HAVE BEEN

INTERROGATIVE
IS THERE ? ARE THERE ? WAS THERE ? WERE THERE ? HAS THERE BEEN ? HAVE THERE BEEN ? HAD THERE BEEN ? WILL THERE BE ? IS THERE GOING TO BE ? ARE THERE GOING TO BE ? WAS THERE GOING TO BE ? WERE THERE GOING TO BE ? WILL THERE HAVE BEEN ? WOULD THERE BE ? WOULD THERE HAVE BEEN ? CAN THERE BE ? COULD THERE BE ? MAY THERE BE ? MIGHT THERE BE ? SHOULD THERE BE ? MUST THERE BE ? COULD THERE HAVE BEEN ? MIGHT THERE HAVE BEEN ? SHOULD THERE HAVE BEEN ? MUST THERE HAVE BEEN ?

Let's
El Let's (let us) se usa para hacer una sugerencia en la cul uno mismo se incluye

Let's Let's work Trabajemos Let's make a party - Hagamos una fiesta

Let's not Let's not hurry - No nos apuremos Let's not do that - No hagamos eso

26

Let's buy some beers - Compremos algunas

cervezas

Let's not waste time - No desperdiciemos

tiempo

Let's play basketball - Juguemos al bsketbol Let's not wait any more - No esperemos ms Let's go to the movies - Vayamos al cine Let's not go so fast - No vayamos tan rpido Let's eat some ice creams - Comamos algunos Let's not drink so much - No tomemos tanto
helados

Let's take a walk - Tomemos un paseo Let's consider this problem - Consideremos
este problema

Let's not talk about that - No hablemos de eso Let's not bother them - No los molestemos Let's not interrupt - No interrumpamos Let's not say anything - No digamos nada Let's not argue again - No discutamos de
nuevo

Let's see what we can do - Veamos que

podemos hacer

Let's try to do it - Tratemos de hacerlo Let's start with this - Comencemos con esto Let's finish that - Terminemos eso

Let's not be upset about it - No estemos

molestos por ello

Questions
WH - Questions YES/NO - Questions TAG Questions EMBEDDED

WH - QUESTIONS What ? - Qu? Cul? Cules? What else? - Qu ms? Which ? - Qu? Cul? Cules? How often ? - Con qu frecuencia? How long ? - Cunto tiempo? Qu longitud? How long ago? - Hace cunto tiempo?

27

How ? - Cmo? Cun? How else ? - De qu otra manera? When ? - Cundo? Where ? - Dnde? Adnde? Where else ? - Dnde ms? Why ? - Por qu? Para qu? Who ? - Quin? Quienes? Who else? - Quin ms? Whom ? - A quin? A quines? Whose ? - De quin? De quines? How much ? - Cunto/a? How many ? - Cuntos/as?

How old ? - Qu edad? Cun viejo? How soon ? - Cun pronto? How big ? - Qu tamao? Cun grande? How far ? - A qu distancia? Cun lejos? How tall ? - Qu estatura? Cun alto? How deep ? - Qu profundidad? How early ? - Cun temprano? How late ? - Cun tarde? How heavy ? - Qu peso? Cun pesado? How thick ? - Qu espesor? Cun grueso? What time ? - Qu hora? A qu hora? What kind ? - Qu clase ? Qu tipo?

Questions
WH - Questions YES/NO - Questions TAG Questions EMBEDDED

Forma Positiva Am I...? Are ( you, they...)..? Is ( she, he, it...)...? Am I not ...?

Forma Negativa Aren't ( you, they...)...? Isn't ( she, he, it...)...?

28

Was ( I, he, she, it...)...? Were ( you, they...)...? Have ( I, you, they...)...? Has ( he, she, it...)...? Had ( I, you, she...)...? Do ( I, you ...)...? Does ( he, she, it...)...? Did (I, you, she...)...? Can ( )...? Could ( )...? May ( )...? Might ( )...? Would ( )...? Will ( )...? Should ( )...? Must ( )...?

Wasn't ( I, he, she, it...)..? Weren't (you, they...)...? Haven't ( I, you, they...)...? Hasn't ( he, she, it...)...? Hadn't ( I, you, she...)...? Don't ( I, you...)...? Doesn't ( he, she, it...)...? Didn't (I, you, she...)...? Can't ( )...? Couldn't ( )...? May ( ) not ..? Might ( ) not...? Wouldn't ( )...? Won't ( )...? Shouldn't ( )...? Mustn't ( )...?

Questions
WH - Questions YES/NO - Questions TAG Questions EMBEDDED Oraciones afirmativas tienen Tag negativo You are from Brazil, aren't you ? She is a secretary, isn't she ? They were in Europe, weren't they ? Oraciones negativas tienen Tag afirmativo You don't speak French, do you ? Jack and I didn't pass the exam, did we ? They won't come here tomorrow, will they ?

29 You traveled with them, didn't you ? You have been to Africa, haven't you ? There is a party tonight, isn't there ? She should study harder, shouldn't she ? You must work tomorrow, mustn't you ? You live in this city, don't you ? It was a little crowded, wasn't it ? She speaks Spanish, doesn't she ? We shouldn't change our jobs, should we ? We haven't seen that movie, have we ? She won't go to the conference, will she ? He can't swim, can he ? You didn't know her, did you ? He couldn't answer the question, could he ? She doesn't exercise much, does she ? You haven't been there before, have you ?

Questions
WH - Questions What is your name ? Where do you work ? How much does she earn ? How much is the rent ? When does the plane arrive ? How often does the bus come ? What kind of movies do you like ? Who will be at the party ? Whose books are these ? How long did the flight last ? Why are they fighting ? YES/NO - Questions TAG Questions Tell me what your name is. I want to know where you work. Do you know how much she earns ? Can you tell me how much the rent is ? I wonder what time the plane arrives. Do you know how often the bus comes ? Tell me what kind of movies you like. I want to know who will be at the party ? I wonder whose books these are. Tell me how long the flight lasted. Do you know why they are fighting ? EMBEDDED Direct Question Embedded Question

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present begin - (bigun) Simple Past began - (bign)
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Past Participle begun - (bigan) Meanings
comenzar

30

drink - (drink) ring - (ring) sing - (sing) sink - (sink) sit - (sit) spit - (spit) spring - (spring) stink - (stink) swim - (sum)

drank - (drank) rang - (rang) sang - (sang) sank - (sank) sat - (sat) spat - (spat) sprang - (sprang) stank - (stank) swam - (sum)

drunk - (drank) rung - (rang) sung - (sang) sunk - (sank) sat - (sat) spat - (spat) sprung - (sprang) stunk - (stank) swum - (sum)

beber sonar cantar golpear sentarse escupir saltar apestar nadar

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present catch - (catch) bring - (bring) buy - (bi) fight - (fit) seek - (sik) teach - (tich) think - (zink) Simple Past caught - (cot) Brought - (brot) Bought - (bot) fought - (fot) sought - (sot) taught - (tot) Thought -(zot)
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) (2) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle caught - (cot) brought - (brot) bought - (bot) fought - (fot) sought - (sot) taught - (tot) thought - (zot) Meanings
agarrar traer comprar pelear buscar
ensear

pensar

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present Simple Past
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) (3) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle Meanings

31

bend - (bend) lend - (lend) send - (send) spend - (spend)

bent - (bent) lent - (lent) sent - (sent) spent - (spent)

bent - (bent) lent - (lent) sent - (sent) spent - (spent)

doblar prestar enviar gastar

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present bet - (bet) burst - (berst) cast - (cast) cost - (cost) cut - (cat) hit - (jit) hurt - (jert) let - (let) put - (put) quit - (kut) set - (set) shut - (shat) Simple Past bet burst cast Cost cut Hit hurt let Put Quit Set Shut
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (4) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle bet burst cast cost cut hit hurt let put quit set shut Meanings
apostar reventar echar - arrojar costar cortar golpear herir permitir poner abandonar poner cerrar

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present bleed - (blid) Simple Past bled - (bled)
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) (5) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle bled - (bled) Meanings

sangrar

32

breed - (brid) creep - (crip) feed - (fid) feel - (fil) keep - (kip) kneel - (nil) lead - (lid) leap - (lip) leave - (liv) mean - (min) meet - (mit) read - (rid) sleep - (slip) sweep - (suip) weep - (wip)

bred - (bred) crept - (crept) fed - (fed) felt - (felt) kept - (kept) knelt - (nelt) led - (led) leapt - (lept) left - (left) meant - (ment) met - (met) read - (red) slept - (slept) swept - (supt) wept - (wpt)

bred - (bred) crept - (crept) fed - (fed) felt - (felt) kept - (kept) knelt - (nelt) led - (led) leapt - (lept) left - (left) meant - (ment) met - (met) read - (red) slept - (slept) swept - (supt) wept - (wpt)

criar arrrastrase alimentar sentir mantener - guardar arrodillarse guiar saltar dejar - irse significar encontrarse con leer dormir barrer llorar

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present blow - (blu) draw - (dro) fly - (fli) grow - (gru) know - (nu) throw - (zru) Simple Past blew - (blu) drew - (dru) flew - (flu) grew - (gru) knew - (ni) threw - (zru)
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) (6) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle blown - (blun) drawn - (dron) flown - (flun) grown - (grun) known - (nun) thrown - (zrun) Meanings
soplar dibujar volar crecer - cultivar saber - conocer arrojar

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Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present arise - (aris) bite - (bit) drive - (driv) hide - (jid) ride - (rid) rise - (ris) stride - (strid) strive - (striv) thrive - (zriv) write - (rit) Simple Past arose - (arus) bit - (bit) drove - (druv) hid - (jd) rode - (rud) rose - (rus) strode - (strud) strove - (struv) throve - (zruv) wrote - (rut)
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) (7) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle arisen - (arsen) bitten - (bten) driven - (drven) hidden - (jden) ridden - (rden) risen - (rsen) striden - (strden) striven - (strven) thriven - (zrven) written - (rten) Meanings
levantarse - alzarse morder conducir esconder pasear en - montar levantarse andar a trancos esforzarse prosperar escribir

Verbos Irregulares

34

Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present break - (brik) choose - (chus) forget - (forgut) forsake - (forsik) freeze - (friz) shake - (shik) speak - (spik) steal - (stil) take - (tik) wake - (wik) weave - (wiv) Simple Past broke - (bruk) chose - (chus) forgot - (forgt) Forsook - (forsk) froze - (frus) shook - (shuk) spoke - (spuk) stole - (stul) took - (tuk) woke - (wuk) wove - (wuv)

Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) (8) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle broken - (bruken) chosen - (chusen) forgotten -(forgten) forsaken -(forsiken) frozen - (frusen) shaken - (shiken) spoken - (spuken) stolen - (stulen) taken - (tiken) woken - (wuken) woven - (wven) Meanings
romper elegir olvidar abandonar congelar sacudir hablar
robar

tomar - llevar sentarse tejer

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present sell - (sel) shine - (shin) tear - (ter) tell - (tel) show - (shu) swear - (sur) wear - (wr) Simple Past sold - (suld) shone - (shun) tore - (tor) told - (tuld) Showed - (shud) swore - (sur) wore - (wr)
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) (9) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) Past Participle sold - (suld) shone - (shun) torn - (torn) told - (tuld) shown - (shun) sworn - (surn) worn - (worn) Meanings
vender brillar - relucir desgarrar decir mostrar jurar usar (ropa)

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

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( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) (10) ( 11 ) Simple Present cling - (cling) dig - (dig) fling - (fling) hang - (jang) sling - (sling) spin - (spin) stick - (stik) sting - (sting) strike - (strik) swing - (sung) wring - (ring) Simple Past clung - (clang) dug - (dag) flung - (flang) hung - (jang) slung - (slang) spun - (span) stuck - (stak) stung - (stang) struck - (strak) swung - (suang) wrung - (rang) Past Participle clung - (clang) dug - (dag) flung - (flang) hung - (jang) slung - (slang) spun - (span) stuck - (stak) stung - (stang) struck - (strak) swung - (suang) wrung - (rang) Meanings
adherirse cavar arrojar - tirar colgar arrojar -tirar dar vueltas - hilar pegar - meter- hundir picar - aguijonear pegar - golpear balancear retorcer - escurrir

Verbos Irregulares
Agrupados Por Similitud Fontica Simple Present bind - (bind) find - (find) grind - (grind) get - (get) hear - (jer) hold - (juld) lose - (lus) pay - (pei) say - (si) shoot - (shut) stand - (stand) understand (-stand) win - (win) wind - (wind) Simple Past bound - (bund) found - (fund) Ground - (grund) got - (got) heard - (jerd) held - (jeld) lost - (lost) paid - (pid) said - (sed) shot - (shot) stood - (stud) understood - (-std) won - (won) wound - (wund)
Ver---> Agrupados Alfabeticamente

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) (11) Past Participle bound - (bund) found - (fund) ground - (grund) got(ten) - (gten) heard - (jerd) held - (jeld) lost - (lost) paid - (pid) said - (sed) shot - (shot) stood - (stud) understood - (-std) won - (won) wound - (wund) Meanings
atar encontrar moler conseguir - llegar or sostener perder pagar
decir

disparar ponerse(estar) de pie entender ganar enrollar - dar cuerda

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going to (gonna)
Affirmative
I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not You are not They are not Am I Are you Is he Is she Is it Are we Are you Are they Ms ejemplos:

Traducin Voy a venir maana T vas a ir la prxima semana l va a traer a su hermana Ella va a llevar a su hermano Va a ser muy fcil Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta Ustedes van a llegar temprano Ellos se van a ir tarde Traduccin No voy a venir maana T no vas a ir la prxima semana l no va a traer a su hermana Ella no va a llevar a su hermano No va a ser muy fcil No vamos a tener una fiesta Ustedes no van a llegar temprano Ellos no se van a ir tarde Traduccin Voy a venir maana? Vas a ir la prxima semana? l va a traer a su hermana? Ella va a llevar a su hermano? Va a ser muy fcil? Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta? Ustedes van a llegar temprano? Ellos se van a ir tarde?

going to
(gonna)

Come tomorrow go next week bring his sister Take her brother be very easy Have a party arrive early Leave late Come tomorrow go next week Bring his sister take her brother be very easy have a party Arrive early Leave late come tomorrow ? go next week ? bring his sister ? take her brother ? be very easy ? have a party ? Arrive early ? leave late ?

Negative

going to
(gonna)

Interrogative

going to
(gonna)

I am going to travel to Paris. (voy a viajar a Pars) I am going to visit my grandmother (voy a visitar a mi abuela) She is going to make a cake for me (ella va a hacer una torta para mi) They are not going to remember that (ellos no se van a acordar de eso) We are not going to go anywhere (nosotros no vamos a ir a ninguna parte) Who is going to come today ? (Quin va a venir hoy?) Are you going to buy a new car? (Vas comprar un nuevo auto?) Are they going to help you ? (Ellos te van a ayudar?) What are you going to bring ? (Qu vas a traer?) When is she going to arrive ? (Cundo va a llegar ella?)

37

Agreement
Tambin (too) (so) --- Tampoco (either) (neither)

Affirmative (too) (so) I am hungry, and so are you. I am hungry, and you are too. My wife is a lawyer, and so am I. My wife is a lawyer, and I am too. She was here yesterday, and so was he. She was here yesterday, and he was too. They were working, and so was I. They were working, and I was too. I can swim, and so can my brother. I can swim, and my brother can too. I could finish on time, and so could my colleagues. I could finish on time, and my colleagues could too. They might go fishing, and so might we. They might go fishing, and we might too. We must work hard, and so must he. We must work hard, and he must too. I should study more, and so should you. I should study more, and you should too. They will go to the movies, and so will I. They will go to the movies, and I will too. I would earn more, and so would my partner. I would earn more, and my partner would too.

Negative (either) (neither) I am not tired, and neither are my friends. I am not tired, and my friends are not either. My sister is not here, and neither are my parents. My sister is not here, and my parents are not either. They were not working, and neither was she. They were not working, and she was not either. She was not from Brazil, and neither are they. She was not from Brazil, and they are not either. I can't play chess, and neither can you. I can't play chess, and you can't either. She couldn't see the film, and neither could I. She couldn't see the film, and I couldn't either. He might not stay longer, and neither might we. He might not stay longer, and we might not either. We must not be late, and neither must you. We must not be late, and you must not either. I shouldn't drink so much, and neither should you. I shouldn't drink so much, and you shouldn't either. They won't attend the concert, and neither will I. They won't attend the concert, and I won't either. We wouldn't work on Sundays, and neither would she. We wouldn't work on Sundays, and she wouldn't either. Mary is not going to come, and neither are her children. Mary is not going to come, and her children aren't either. Susan doesn't know you, and neither do I. Susan doesn't know you, and I don't either.

Bill is going to rest, and so are his friends. Bill is going to rest, and his friends are too. Jane studies German, and so do I. Jane studies German, and I do too.

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I like to go fishing, and so does my brother. I like to go fishing, and my brother does too. John cleaned the house, and so did his wife. John cleaned the house, and his wife did too. Jack worked hard, and so did his colleagues. Jack worked hard, and his colleagues did too. He has lived in this city for years, and so have we. He has lived in this city for years, and we have too.

I don't like novels, and neither does my girlfriend. I don't like novels, and my girlfriend doesn't either. Bill didn't come, and neither did his brother. Bill didn't come, and his brother didn't either. Jack didn't bring anything, and neither did his sister. Jack didn't bring anything, and his sister didn't either. She has not seen that film yet, and neither has her boyfriend. She has not seen that film yet, and her boyfriend hasn't either.

Billy has not finished his work yet, and neither They have gone on vacation, and so has their son. have his companions. They have gone on vacation, and their son has Billy has not finished his work yet, and his too. companions haven't either. I had heard a strange noise, and so had my friend. He hadn't been there, and neither had his family. I had heard a strange noise, and my friend had He hadn't been there, and his family hadn't either. too. They have time, and so do I. They have time, and I do too. They don't have money, and neither do we. They don't have money, and we don't either.