Assignment 1 Submitted by: Parul Sharma ID: parul.05.12 1.

Through various mediums like Books, Internet, Articles, Journals try to explore how your city evolved into its present day form. This would also involve a brief study of various social, economic and political factors that affected the overall development of the city. Also try and include maps and photographs that depict the citys growth over the years. Find out that which government body/ authority has been entrusted with the task of the preparation of development plans/ master plans for your city/town. Briefly describe its roles and functions and also the legislative framework under which it was formed. Also show Development Plan and at least five zones. Find out which zone does your house/office/ College fall under. Are the above buildings following the zoning regulations in terms of land use, building use, FSI. Prepare a list of at least five new terminologies related to Urban Planning. These terminologies would be added to the existing list that has been uploaded on the CEPT Website

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1) Through various mediums like Books, Internet, Articles, Journals try to explore how your city evolved into its present day form. This would also involve a brief study of various social, economic and political factors that affected the overall development of the city. Also try and include maps and photographs that depict the citys growth over the years. A City is a a theater of social action, and everything else art, politics, education, commerce only serves to make the social drama. the physical design of the cities is primarily based on the natural environment and to the spiritual values of the human community and their economic functions was secondary. - Lewis Mumford, What is a City? Aldo Rossi, in his book, the City, says architecture does not mean the visible image of the city and the sum of its different architectures but architecture as a construction of the city over time. This process of construction links the past and present and thus it addresses the ultimate and definitive fact in the life of the collective, the creation of the environment in which it lives. The city of Nizams, Hyderabad has a different feel about it. It has many facades from being a quiet city to a city with bustling nightlife and high-rises which house some of the well known MNCs. Hyderabad is a historic city and is famed for its monuments, temples, churches, masjids, and bazaars. A large number of factors have influenced and shaped the character of the city in the last 400 years. Its location on the crossroads of North and South India, has developed the city layer by layer, and the result is a culmination of cultures predominantly reflected in the Architecture. The old city can, thus, be identified as to have inculcated an ORGANIC form of development, whereas the new city is being planned radially with precision. The history of the heritage of the city, to a large extent, is contributed by the natural heritage. The natural heritage of the city gave birth to the architectural heritage.

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Figure 1: Extent of Hyderabad over the years.

PHASES IN THE HISTORY OF THE CITY1 Pre-Independence Period PHASE I: 1724) PHASE III: The Asaf Jahi rule, (1724-1948) + Influence of the British Settlement in early 19th century a. Architecture from Phase I and II with an advent of Purely European Architecture. b. A phase influenced by European Architecture. c. The mixed style, Architecture of the City Improvement Board, and the vernacular architecture. Post-Independence Period PHASE I: Struggle for a new state (1947-1956) PHASE II: Independent State changing linguistic majority (1960-1990) PHASE III: Effects of Globalisation, Privatisation (1990-1995) PHASE IV: Rising IT Revolution (1995-2008) PHASE V: Making a mark in the Global Scenario The timeline for the city can be seen as follows: Time 1000-1450 1518 Significant Event Pre Qutub Shahi era- Bahmani empire Qutb Shahis of Golconda became independent Architectural Implications Golconda was built Re-structuring of Golconda against the mud structure 1518-1687 Shifting of palace from Golconda to Southern side of Musi 1578 Requirement for ease of movement across the growing city 1687-1724 1724-1740 1768 1798 Influence of Mughal rulers Defend against Marathas Rise of Asaf Jahi rulers Subsidiary Company Alliance for Military and political Use of Mughal architectural features Building of city walls maximum construction activity North side occupied by British Cantonment Birth of Secunderabad European style of construction Puranapul Bridge City Planning, Iconic Charminar The Qutb Shahi rule (1518-1687) PHASE II: The Mughal rule, the transitional phase and the establishment of the Asaf Jahi rule (1687-

cooperation signed between Nizam and East India

A guide to heritage of Hyderabad: natural and the Built, Madhu Vottery, P 6

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1839 1857-61 1874 Railway Network

ChaderGhat Bridge Nayapul Bridge Secunderabad/Hyderabad/ Station Kachiguda

1908 1912 1911-1948

Flood City Improvement Board Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII cultural, economic and administrative reforms He is Fifth on Forbes All Time Wealthiest list of 2008. He was even featured on the cover of the 1937 Time magazine. It was estimated that he had $2 billion fortune in early 1940s. Saw maximum construction activity as monumental architecture for major administrative structures

1947-1950 1956 1960-1980

Post Independence Division of state on linguistic basis Inflow of Telugus to the city Establishment of certain government offices Growth of Multi-nucleated city. Commercial plazas

1990 1995

Globalisation Rising IT Revolution

Private commercial firms Large scale buildings to accommodate the IT boom.

2000-2012

World Class Information Technology Location

Buildings that follow the universal style

Hyderabad was laid out around a monumental building in the centre, the Char Minar, founded in 1592... This enormous structure rises over the main crossroad of the city, where the east-west axis of the old Golconda-Masulipatnam road intersects with the north-south axis from the river Musi to the hills of Jahanuma...14000 shops were built along the axial streets within two years, and since the passage of the arches was originally unobstructed one can imagine a 2 bustling life around this colossal landmark... Clearly visible was the hierarchy of the roads, the internal roads were formulated according to Grid Iron Pattern. 3

Figure 2: The Char Minar- Plan

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Jan Pieper, Hyderabad A Quranic paradise in Architectural Metaphors SP Shorey, Eighteenth Century Hyderabad, Anatomy of an Old Map

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The influence of each style can be seen in various parts of the city. A brief description of the same is as follows. Influence of Bahmani/ Deccani Style The monumental scale of the fort emphasises on the authoritative presence and a concrete establishment of a city to be give the place its own sense of identity. Some of the features of this style are: 1. The pointed arched facades 2. Repeating arches 3. Arched Retaining Walls Golconda and Char Minar stand as an example of Bahmani and Qutub Shahi era. Char Minar was built to suit the needs of an Islamic city. Built in context of strong Islamic hold in the area the monument draws inspiration from Islamic tazias and is a testimony to confluence of Islamic and Deccan architecture. Main features of the monument are 1. 2. 3. 4. Four arches,and framed by lofty Minarets on all sides. Composition of pointed arches. Use of Islamic ornamentation floral

Figure 3: Char Minar over the ages

Influence of Mughal and early Asaf Jahi Style Characteristic of Early Asaf Jahi Period are MultiCusped Arches, along with multi-tiered and simple pointed arches and jharoka / canopied windows. Mughal influence of bangladar window/ kiosk Mughal fluted coupled columns with vegetal capitals and acanthus leaves. Chowmahala palace is an example of the era.
Figure 4: Mughal Influence

Influence of British style British brought colonial architecture to the city as the settled in the Secunderabad area. One of the fine examples of this era is the splendid Palladian Residency. The building boasts of 1. 2. 3. 4. Corintian Columns Semi-circular arches Jack-Arched roofing Roman and Palladian Facade
Figure 5: British influence

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Late Asaf Jahi Period One of the major influences in the citys layout was the floods of 1908. Various measures as under were taken to counter the floods. The flood embankments on both sides will be carried out to a height of 5 feet above the flood level. For greater part of their length these embankments will be constructed with Figure 6: Osmania College 1921 boulevards.The boulevards will be lungs of the city. The poor who will largely use the footpaths and the roads will benefit as much as the rich, by clean, shaded, well kept roadways and graceful houses and surroundingsfor health and for pleasure. its greatest importance that Government should not miss this opportunity to render the river front healthy and picturesque. 4 Formulation of the city improvement board 1912 Politically, since the borders of British India were designated permanent with no further expansion, those outside colonial rule, entered into formal relations with the British. Thus, the confirmation of political security was established for the Asaf JahI dynasty, with the treasury at his full disposal. The buildings recalibrated the authority symbolised by the cultural heritage into a new statement on Asaf Jahi political identity that clearly highlighted his shift from the mughals towards a new claim for roots in the Deccan. His architectural patronage used both processes and symbols that were clearly linked to traditions in the Islamic world and were imagined on an urban scale. When imagined on an urban scale, they were intended to presentan urban design that changed a proto-colonial Mughal city into a new Princely State Capital.

Post independence The Struggle for Independence and Division of state on linguistics basis, continued for a decade, and it is observed that the construction activity came to a standstill. It can be addressed as a state of POLITICAL TRANSITION The progress or leap in architecture during the Asaf Jahi dynasty was absent. The Monumental Administrative buildings that were constructed during the reign of the Asaf Jahi dynasty were already in use. The administrative section continued to function in the existing buildings. The palace of the Nizam was converted into the State Assembly.

Sir Visvesvarayas Report, October 1,1909The Flood of 1908 at Hyderabad An Account of the Flood, Its Causes and Proposed Preventive Measures

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Hyderabad developed into a multinucleated urban centre of the region under different political, economic and socio-cultural conditions that added onto the existing urban complexities. Hyderabad emerged not only as the administrative centre but also into a major industrial centre. It started to develop extensively with a multitude of opportunities, visible from the large influx of population between 1941- 1961. This resulted in the formation of many suburban settlements/ agglomeration units. The growth of the city was not only peripheral but also intensification of residential and commercial activities in the city core.5
Some of the examples of the development of the city over the years can be seen in the photographs below

Figure 7: Development of Hyderabad

Figure 9: Puranapul

Figure 8: Pathargatti street

5 Urban Redevelopment: A Study of High-rise Buildings

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2.

Find out that which government body/ authority has been entrusted with the task of the preparation of development plans/ master plans for your city/town. Briefly describe its roles and functions and also the legislative framework under which it was formed. Also show Development Plan and at least five zones. Find out which zone does your house/office/ College fall under. Are the above buildings following the zoning regulations in terms of land use, building use, FSI.

The Agency Hyderabad Metropolitan development Authority formed under the HMDA Act of 2008. has been entrusted with the task of the preparation of development plans/ master plans for Hyderabad. The Act 8 of 2008 was enacted as an act to provide for the establishment of metropolitan development authority for the purpose of planning, coordination, supervising promoting and securing the planned development of the Hyderabad metropolitan region and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Functions of HMDA Subject to the provisions of this Act, the functions of the Metropolitan Development Authority shall be: 1. 2. 3. 4. To undertake preparation of Metropolitan Development and Investment Plan, revision of the said plan and prioritize the implementation of the said plan To undertake execution of projects and schemes as per the said Plan and/ or through action plans for any sector or area of the metropolitan region An apex body for coordination, execution of the projects or schemes for the planned development of the development areas and undertake such measures in the metropolitan region; To coordinate the development activities of the Municipal Corporation, Municipalities and other local authorities, the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water supply and sewerage board, the Andhra Pradesh transmission corporation, the Andhra Pradesh industrial infrastructure corporation, the Andhra Pradesh state road transport corporation and other such bodies as are connected with development activities in the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region; To monitor, supervise or ensure adequate supervision over the execution of any project or scheme, the expenses of which in whole or in part are to be met from the Metropolitan Development Fund; To prepare and undertake implementation of schemes for providing alternate areas for rehabilitation of persons displaced by projects and schemes which provide for such requirements; To manage and maintain Hyderabad metropolitan development fund and allocate finances based on the plans and programs of the local bodies for undertaking development of amenities and infrastructure facilities and to monitor and excise financial control over the budgetary allocations concerning development works made through it to various public agencies, local bodies and other agencies; To undertake by itself or through any agency, the implementation of area level plans, execution of works relating to infrastructure development, public amenities and conservation of the environment; To create and manage the Hyderabad metropolitan land development bank and take up land acquisition every year as may be necessary for various public uses, township development, infrastructure development, etc., allocation of lands to local bodies and public agencies upon such terms and conditions for undertaking development of amenities and infrastructural facilities; To approve the land acquisition programmes/ proposals of the local authorities, other Departments and functional agencies in the metropolitan region; To enter into contracts, agreements or arrangements with any person, body or organization as the Committee may deem necessary for the performance of its functions; To acquire any movable or immovable property by purchase, exchange, gift, lease, mortgage, negotiated settlement, or by any other means permissible by law; To perform any other function or exercise powers as are supplemental, incidental or consequential to any of the foregoing duties and powers and/or take up such matters as the Government may direct in this regard. 6

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Master Plan Master plan for the city of Hyderabad is available circle wise as shown in the circle map attached in Annexure A.
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Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority, HMDA Act, 2008 and Govt. Orders

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My office is in circle X (old circle V) it lies in residential land use and follows the zoning plan. Being an architects office it is allowed to function in residential area.

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Prepare a list of at least five new terminologies related to Urban Planning. These terminologies would be added to the existing list that has been uploaded on the CEPT Website

Buffer A strip of land established to provide separation between land uses and typically developed as a landscaped area. Built Heritage Resource One or more buildings, structures, monuments, installations, or remains associated with architectural, cultural, social, political, economic, or military history, and identified as being important to a community. Infill The placement of new buildings into established built-up urban areas, which usually results in an increase in the existing building stock. Public Realm The public and semi-public spaces of the city, especially the street spaces of the city from building face to the opposite building face (including the faade, front yard, sidewalk and streets) and open space such as parks and squares. Reverse Lotting Lots located adjacent to an arterial or collector road which front onto an internal street, while the rear yard faces onto the arterial or collector road.7

References: 1. 2. www.hamilton.ca a. Section 7.0 | Glossary Of Urban Design And Site Planning Terms www.archnet.org a. Jan Pieper, Hyderabad A Quranic paradise in Architectural Metaphors b. SP Shorey, Eighteenth Century Hyderabad, Anatomy of an Old Map www.hmda.gov.in a. Master Plan for Hyderabad Metropolitan Area www.scribd.com a. Hyderabad-A city in transition- a presentation by Maitreyi Yellapragada

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Section 7.0 | Glossary Of Urban Design And Site Planning Terms

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