DAYRIT, MARION LIANA M.

BSN II 2C

AUGUST 23, 2011

EPI ROUTINE SCHEDULE OF IMMUNIZATIONS FOR INFANTS

VACCINE MONTH GIVEN ROUTE & NO. OF DOSES 1 dose > given intradermally 0.05 mL MIN. INTERVAL BETWEEN DOSES none SIDE EFFECTS RATIONALE

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)

Birth or anytime after birth

>Wheal formation (redness & swelling) > After 2 wks red sore then remains for another 2 wks heals leaves a small scar 5 mmsign that the child has been effectively immunized) > swelling of glands on armpit or near elbow or abscess formation leads to ulceration there will be scarring for 12 wks COMMON CAUSES: Unsterile needle/syringe, too much vaccine injected, incorrect site

BCG given at earliest possible age or time protects the possibility of TB meningitis & other TB infectious in w/c infants are prone.

DPT

6 weeks old

3 doses > given IM 0.5 mL

4 weeks (1 lunar month)

> local soreness, pain or redness, fever w/in 24 hrs, usually evening after administration. disappears w/in the day.

An early start with DPT reduces the chance of severe pertussis

OPV (Oral Polio vaccine)

6 weeks old

3 doses > given orally 2-3 drops

4 weeks (1 lunar month)

Hep B vaccine

At birth

3 doses > given IM in the deltoid 0.5 mL

>6 weeks interval from 1st 2nd dose > 8 wks interval from 2nd dose 3rd dose

AMV ( Antimeasles vaccine)

9 months old

1 dose > given subcutaneously 0.5 mL

none

> almost none 1% who receives develop headache, diarrhea, muscle pain > soreness, tendernesss, redness, mild swelling occurs in 5% of immunized children > Mild fever that lasts for 1.2 days after injection occurs in 1.6 % of immunized children > fever and rashes 5 -12 days after administration lasting a day or 2. > Soreness resolves in 1-3 days)

The extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the OPV is given >An early start of Hep B reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier. > prevent liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Prevents occurrence of complications from measles, diarrhea, malnutrition, pneumonia.

ADVANTAGES OF BREASTFEEDING
B R E A S T F E E D I N G

- Best for babies - Reduces incidence of allergies -Economical -Has antibodies invading the microorganisms -Stool inoffensive, decrease the incidence of constipation -Temperature of the milk should be no too hot and not too cold -Fresh -Builds emotional bonding -Easily established -Digestible, has right amount of protein and fats -Immediately available -Nutritionally balanced -It reduces the possibility of having Gastroenteritis because of the presence of IgG ADVANTAGES FOR MOTHER
1. Nursing immediately following delivery causes the uterus to contract lessening the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. 2. The uterus of a breastfeeding mother shrinks to its pre-pregnancy size more quickly. 3. Calories are burned while breastfeeding. It takes approximately 20 calories to produce an ounce of milk. 4. Women who nurse their babies for at least 6 months lessen their chances of pre-menopausal breast cancer. 5. Osteoporosis and cervical cancer are less common in women who breastfed. 6. The return of fertility is delayed with breastfeeding. 7. Breastfeeding is more economical than formula feeding, 8. Breastmilk is always available, clean, and the right temperature. 9. Many mothers feel a special satisfaction in knowing that they alone are meeting the nutritional needs of their babies.

 ADVANTAGES FOR BABY

1. Due to the anti-infective properties of breastmilk, breastfed babies tend to have less incidence of or less pronounced symptoms of ear infections, respiratory illness, allergies, diarrhea, and vomiting. 2. Due to the digestibility of breastmilk, breastfed babies are rarely constipated. 3. The stools of breastfed babies are mild-smelling. 4. SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) is less common in breastfed babies. 5. Breastmilk is constantly changing in its composition to meet the changing needs of the baby. It has the exact combination of protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and sugars needed for the human infant at various stages of his growth. 6. Breastfed babies are constantly exposed to a variety of tastes through their mother's milk. 7. Breastfed children are at less risk for chrohn's disease and juvenile diabetes. 8. Children who were breastfed are less likely to need orthodontic work such as braces due to the unique sucking action required with breastfeeding. They also seem to have better overall dental health than formula-fed children. Children who were breastfed need speech therapy less often than those who were bottle-fed. 9. IQ levels are an average of 8 points higher in children who were breastfed. 10. Adult daughters who were breastfed are at less risk for breast cancer. 11. Adults who were breastfed have a lower risk for high cholesterol and asthma. 12. The bond between mother and child seems to be enhanced with breastfeeding.

In monitoring uterine contractions we need to know the ff: 1. FREQUENCY - It is the start of the 1st contraction to the start of the 2nd contraction. How often does it happen - counted in seconds - It is from the start to the end of one contraction. - It is from the end of the 1st contraction to the start of the 2nd contraction. -It is the strength of the uterine contractions - characterized as mild, moderate or severe.

2. DURATION 3. INTERVAL 4. INTENSITY