MindnumbingSecretsof ASCE7Chapter6:WindLoads

TheGreatSecretsarerevealed!Noneedtogrovelbeforeyourfavoritestructuralengineerand begforhiddeninformationlockedawayfromyourgrubbyhands(givingthemmoneyworks betterthanbeggingexperiencedvoice).Herein,werevealwhatisbehindthatfavoriteIBC 2006adage,"designedinaccordancetoASCE7." First,wehaveanacronymthatisusedliberally:MWFRS,whichmeans,MainWindForce ResistingSystem.This,alongwithallthecomponentsandcladding,isthescopeofthedesign forwindloads. Next,wehavethreeproceduresfordeterminingthedesignwindloads: 1) Method1SimplifiedProcedurethatmustmeetabevyofrequirementsinSection 6.4.1.1andSection6.4.1.2 2) Method2AnalyticalProcedureasspecifiedinSection6.5 3) Method3WindTunnelProcedureasspecifiedinSection6.6 DesignCoefficients(selectedforrelevance) A=effectivewindarea,inft2 B=horizontaldimensionofbuildingmeasurednormaltowinddirection Cf=forcecoefficienttobeusedindeterminationofwindloadsforotherstructures Cp=externalpressurecoefficienttobesuedindeterminationofwindloadsforopenbuildings F=designwindforceforotherstructures,inlbs. G=gusteffectfactor Gf=gusteffectfactorforMWFRSsofflexiblebuildingsandotherstructures GCp=productofexternalpressurecoefficientandgusteffectfactortobeusedin determinationofwindloadsforbuildings GCpf=productoftheequivalentexternalpressurecoefficientandgusteffectfactortobeused indeterminationofwindloadsforMWFRSoflowrisebuildings GCpi=productofinternalpressurecoefficientandgusteffectfactortobeusedin determinationofwindloadsforbuildings h=meanroofheightofabuildingorheightofotherstructureandeaveheightifroofangleis lessthanorequalto10,infeet. I=importancefactor Kd=winddirectionalityfactorinTable64 Kh=velocitypressureexposurecoefficientevaluatedatheightz=h Kz=velocitypressureexposurecoefficientevaluatedatheightz Kzt=topographicfactorasdefinedinSection6.5.7 L=horizontaldimensionofbuildingmeasuredparalleltothewinddirection,infeet p=designpressuretobeusedindeterminationofwindloadsforbuildings,inlb/ft2(Note: therearemanysubscriptsforp) q=velocitypressure,inlb/ft2 qz=velocitypressureevaluatedatheightzaboveground,inlb/ft2 qh=velocitypressureforinternalpressuredetermination,inlb/ft2 V=basicwindspeedobtainedfromFigure =adjustmentfactorforbuildingheightandexposurefromFigures62and63
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Method1SimplifiedProcedure ThedesignprocedureforMethod1isbrokendowninSection6.4.2DesignProcedurewiththe followingsteps: 1) ThebasicwindspeedVshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection6.5.4.Thewind shallbeassumedtocomefromanyhorizontaldirection 2) AnimportancefactorIshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection6.5.5 3) AnexposurecategoryshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection6.5.6 4) Aheightandexposureadjustment,,shallbedeterminedfromFigure62. Muchofthisistabledriven,includingthereferencestothethreesections.Ifthebuildingmeets alltherequirementsforMethod1,thedesignprocedureisprettymuch"plugandplay"asa wholeseriesofchartswithasamplebuildingmakeupthecombinedsectionofFigure62. Method2AnalyticalProcedure Thisisthebeast.AlmostallofChapter6isdevotedtoMethod2andaplethoraofformulasand tablesthatdefinetheinformationforusingthismethod.Obviously,thedetailsarefarbeyond thescopeoftheLateralForcesexam,butSection6.5.3DesignProcedurerevealsthebasic coefficientsbehinddesignwindloads.Herearethestepsasfollows: 1) ThebasicwindspeedVandwinddirectionalityfactorKdshallbedeterminedin accordancewithSection6.5.4 2) AnimportancefactorIshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection6.5.5 3) Anexposurecategoryorexposurecategoriesandvelocitypressureexposurecoefficient KzorKh,asapplicable,shallbedeterminedforeachwinddirectioninaccordancewith Section6.5.6 4) AtopographicfactorKztshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection6.5.7 5) AgusteffectfactorGorGf,asapplicable,shallbedeterminedinaccordancewith Section6.5.8 6) AnenclosureclassificationshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection6.5.9 7) InternalpressurecoefficientGCpishallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection 6.5.11.1 8) ExternalpressurecoefficientsCporGCpf,orforcecoefficientsCf,asapplicableshallbe determinedinaccordancewithSection6.5.11.2orSection6.5.11.3 9) Velocitypressureqzorqh,asapplicable,shallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSection 6.5.10 10) DesignwindloadporFshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithSections6.5.126.5.15, asapplicable Asmentioned,eachsectionlistedforthedesignprocedureischockfullofvariousformulasfor amyriadofconditionsandtypesofbuildings.ItishighlyunlikelythattheLateralForcesexam willpullarandomformulafromSection6.5sincecoincidingtablesarerequiredtosolvethe equations. Method3WindTunnelProcedure Thisistheendall,finalsayandappliesforanybuildingorstructure.Basically,ifyouhaveneed andmoneytodothistypeofprocedure,youhavecarteblanchesincetheengineerswillcreate extensivecomputerorphysicalmodelsfortesting. Ithinkwe'vehadenoughofASCE7Chapter6atthispoint.