ICT Educational Models and Employment Perspective in Italy

Scenarios, trends and perspectives : the vision of UNITN

David Macii
Former Delegate of the Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science for International Relationships Fulbright Research Scholar at the University of California, Berkeley

Outline
1. Theglobalcontext:ICTmarketdemandvs.education 2. TheItalianUniversitysystem:anoverview 2 The Italian University system: an overview 3. TheICTeducationalofferattheUniversityofTrento

The global context g

Scenario and ICT needs

When the world is flat the When flat only sustainable edge you have is your human talent. Marketplace Solutions p

Industry Applications Talent Needed

Hardware & Software Products

Value

Technology Components

(Source:IBMCorporation)

Employment Perspectives
2012
(A) Agriculture:
Value from harvesting nature

(G) Goods:
Value from making products

(S) Service:
Value from IT augmented workers in smarter systems that create benefits for customers and sustainably improve quality of life.

ServicesOLD= Not Products (Negative) ServiceNEW = Value-Cocreation (Positive)

Inallwesterncountriesthedemandforservicesgrows. InmanyICTcorporationstherevenueoriginatedbysupport servicesisnowlargerthantherevenueforSW/HWproducts. /

(Source:IBMCorporation)
5

Economic Impact of ICT

ICTiskeyelementeconomicevolution
EuropeanUnion: 40% productivitygrowth 80% innovationinkeysectorsofeconomics(e.g.automotive, medicine,logistics,industrialautomation) Italy: 570.000employees,157billions,4.8%GDP 2,38:multiplyingcoeffientduetoICT 11% GDP
(source:Assinform2008)

CrucialroleofICTinEU:32% budgetofFP7
6

Employment Opportunities
USA:ICTresponsibleof60% ofjobsinscienceandengineering between20082018
( (Source:BureauofLaborStatisticsUSA,2008) )

EU27:ICTwillproduce2.112.000 newpositionsbetween2006 2015 2015

(Source:EUcommission,2008)

Italy:quitehardforcompaniestofind I l i h df i fi d Softwaredevelopers Programmer analyst Programmeranalyst Electronicdesigner

(Source:Excelsior,UnioncamereandItalianMinistryofLabour)

 The modern economy Themoderneconomy placesanenormous p premiumonbrainpower; p ; andthereisnotenoughto goround.

Itsabattlefor brainpower,andthewar fortalentisatitsfiercest f f inhightechindustries.

(Source:IBMCorporation)
8

Towards an increasing interdisciplinarity

Science and Eng e gineering g Industria and Sy al ystems En ngineerin ng Compute Scienc & Info System er ce o. ms Math an Opera nd ations Re esearch

Econom and Social Sc mics Sciences Busines Anthrop ss opology Organiza ational C Change & Learnin & ng Busines and M ss Manageme ent

(Source:IBM)

T-shaped model: wide vs. deep education

The Learning to learn model

Fast change of technology and need for continuous training

New technologies/ Innovation

New skills and training on ICT topics

(Source:TELECOMITALIALAB)

10

ICT Curricula Evolutive Trends

ITJobsthathavebeenmost affectedbyGlobalresourcing DemandisrisingfornewITjobs inareas

ApplicationDevelopment ApplicationMaintenance Packaged Application Tools PackagedApplicationTools TranscriptionServices ContractandCallCenterStaff SpecializedBusinessProcess

OutsourcingServices

BusinessAnalysis SecurityAnalysis V d M VendorManagement ServiceManagement SystemIntegration DataMining BusinessIntelligence DatabaseAdministration NetworkEngineering NetworkArchitecture
11

(Source:IBMCorporation)

An example: business analytics

BusinessAnalytics Virtualization ik & li RiskManagement&Compliance MobilitySolutions Customer&PartnerCollaboration & ll b i SelfservicePortals ApplicationHarmonization Application Harmonization BusinessProcessManagement SOA/WebServices SOA / Web Services UnifiedCommunications
76% 71% 68% 68% 66% 64% 64% 61% 60% 83%

Source:IBMGlobalCIOStudy2009,n=2345, 12

An example: ICT for energy management

ICTenergyfootprintinEU:8% Further growth due to smart Furthergrowthduetosmart grids,sensornetworkand b oadba d se ces broadbandservices

Revisionandoptimizationof technologiesandprotocols+ g p integrationofrenewables

Source:TELECOMITALIALab

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Graduates in Engineering in Italy

B.S. graduates: 12.215
Degree type
Civil and environmental eng. 2.723 eng 2 723 ICT engineering 4.131 Industrial engineering 5.361

M.S. graduates: 8.697

Degree type
Civil engingeering 1.138 1 138 Telecommunications engineering 601 Electronic engineering 748 Management Engineering 1.336 Engineering in Computer Science 1.025 Mechanical Engineering 1.269 Civil and environmental eng. 755

Total (all disciplines) ( p ) 110.257

(Source:Almalaurea 2010)

Total (all disciplines) ( p ) 53.180

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B.S. graduates in Engineering after 1 year

22,9% 30,3% 27,0%
Engineering Total Total

27,4% 27 4%

Employed Employed +enrolled in the M.S. Enrolled in the M.S. Not looking for a job Looking for a job

Total (all ( disciplines) p )

46,0%
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M.S. graduates in Engineering after 1 year

Ingegneria civile g g Ingegneria delle telecomunicazioni Ingegneria elettronica I i l tt i 69,5 , 61,4 59,3 59 3 71,7 74,7 69,0 61,1 65,1 19,2 , 20,2 19,6 19 6 20,4 14,0 18,9 27,3 20,4

ICT

Ingegneria gestionale Ingegneria informatica Ingegneria meccanica Ingegneria per l'amb. e il territorio TOTALE INGEGNERIA* Engineering Total

Employed Not Looking for a Job Looking for a job

Total TOTALE 2 LIVELLO 2 (all disciplines)

0%

55,7 55 7
20% 40% 60%

28,5 28 5
80% 100%

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Problems and contradictions - 1

Number of enrolled students between 2004and2009
5562 -6,8% 5184 -5,1% 4918 -6,8% , 4586 -7,8% 4230

Computer Science Telecommunications

1777

-23,2% 1365

-6,7% 1273

-17,6% 1049 -32,5% 708

2004/2005

2005/2006

2006/2007

2007/2008

2008/2009

InspiteofageneralmarketdemandofICTprofessionals,the numberofItalianstudentsinterestedinICTisdecreasing! b f l d d d !
17

Problems and contradictions - 2

55-64 55 64 years 25 34 years 25-34

Percentageof peoplewitha Universitylevel education

Japan United Kingdom France U.S. Average OECD Germany Italy It l

56 45 43 41 37

26 20

Czech Rep. 20
Source: OECD 2011 OECD, Reference year: 2009

Turkey

17
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Overview on the Italian University S t U i it System

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The Italian University System

Ph.D. degree/Dottorato di ricerca 3 years (180 ECTS) 2 Level Master Min. 60 ECTS (1 year) M.S. degree/Laurea M i t l MS d /L Magistrale 2 anni (120 ECTS) 1 level Master Min. 60 ECTS (1 year) B.S. degree/Laurea BS d /L 3 anni (180 ECTS)

Pre-university education y 13 years

Source: Polytechnic of Turin S P l t h i fT i

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General requirements for accreditation

a. CorrectandcompletecommunicationofProgrammes featurestostudentsandallinterestedparties b. QualityAssuranceofeducationalprocesses c. Infrastructuralandhumanresourceswhichmustbe availableinordertosupportProgrammes related available in order to support Programmes related facultyqualifications d. Minandmaxnumberofstudentsenrolledina Programme g
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Admission to the B.S.

AdmissiontoB.S.inpublicUniversitiesistypicallyopen toeverybody. However,someDegreePrograms(e.g.inMedicine, CivilEngineering,)acceptamax.numberofnew Civil Engineering ) accept a max number of new studentsperyear Admissionexam I th D InotherDegreePrograms(e.g.,Engineering, P ( E i i Economics,Science)noupperbound,butstudents mustpassanadmissionexaminanycase St d t t d i i i Students withgradesbelowagiventhresholdcannotenroll.
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The case of Engineering

B i ll ll S h l f E i BasicallyallSchoolofEngineeringrelyonacommon i l nationaladmissiontest(CISIA) 2011:36Universities(UNITNincluded)and27.545 studentsalloverItaly Thetestconsistsof5sections(multiplechoicewith penalty)+anEnglishtest:
Logics(15questions) Verbalcomprehension(15questions) Mathematics1(20questions) Science(20questions) Mathematics2(10questions)
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Some numbers
Distribution of admission testresults between 2009and2011

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Admission to M.S. and Ph.D.

AdmissiontotheM.S.istypicallyopentoeverybody withoutanyadmissiontest(theB.S.isafilteralready) Exceptionsexistforforeignstudentsandspecialprograms (dual/doubledegrees,excellenceprograms) Ph.D.programshighlyselective.Justafewpositionsper Department/year(DISI@UNITNisanexception). Department/year (DISI @ UNITN is an exception). AdmissiontoPh.D.requirestopassacompetition (qualifications+exam).GeneralrulesdefinedbyMinistryof (qualifications + exam) General rules defined by Ministry of Education.DetailsimplementedbyUniversities.
25

Courses and credits

In all programs courses of 312 ECTS depending on Inallprogramscoursesof3 12ECTSdependingon duration(usually10teachinghours+15selfstudy=1 credit) Coursesmayconsistofclassroomlectures,classroom exercises,labsessions,seminars.Divisionisflexible. exercises lab sessions seminars Division is flexible Nohomeworkusually Attendanceusuallynotcompulsory Exams may be written tests, oral viva, projects or a Examsmaybewrittentests,oralviva,projectsora combinationthereof. Exams are always at the end of the semesters (mid term Examsarealwaysattheendofthesemesters(midterm testsarepossiblebutnotcompulsory) 26

The Academic Calendar

27

Credit categories
Type A B C D E F Meaning Basic disciplines (e.g., mathematics, physics, ) (e.g.,mathematics,physics,) Specializing disciplines (e.g.,Ele,TLC,informatics) Collateral disciplines (e g Informatics for TLC) (e.g.Informatics Fully elective (any discipline) Foreign languages andfinal exams Other (e.g.internships)

ForB.S.andM.S.theMIURdefinesthedisciplinesandthe min.maxrangesforeachcreditcategory legalcompliance min max ranges for each credit category legal compliance
28

An example: B.S. degrees in ICT Engineering

Type A B C D E F Ranges 45 63(Maths,Statistics,Informatics) 18(Physics,Chemistry) 4869 1827 1218 6 612 (atleast 3for English) (at east 3 o g s ) 36 Thetotalmust The total must be equal to 180 credits 180credits
29

Marks & Grades

Italian University marks for exams range from 18 ItalianUniversitymarksforexamsrangefrom 18 (sufficient)to30elode(excellent) To pass an exam a student must get at least 18. Topassanexamastudentmustgetatleast 18
Ifamarkislower,thestudenthastotakethesameexamover andoveragaintillwhenhe/shereachesasufficientgrade and over again till when he/she reaches a sufficient grade Ifhe/shedontlikethegradehe/shemayaskProfessorto repeattheexam.Inthiscasethepreviousgradeislost repeat the exam In this case the previous grade is lost Noupperboundtothenumberoftrials Students are warmly recommended NOT to repeat StudentsarewarmlyrecommendedNOTtorepeat unnecessaryexamsevenifgradeisnotashighastheyexpect Completing the B.S. and M.S. Programs within the expected CompletingtheB.S.andM.S.Programswithintheexpected durationisquitetough! 30

Final Project and Graduation

Graduatingstudentsarerequiredtodevelopafinal projectonsomeadvancedtopic Studentshavetochooseboththetopicandthethesis advisorontheirown Thedissertationmustbewritten(>80pages) Theprojectworkmustbepresentedanddefended Internshipscanbeinternalorexternal(incompanies) p ( p ) ThefinalgraduationmarkisexpressedasXoutof110 (e.g.97/110).Themaximumgradeis 110elode (e g 97/110) The maximum grade is 110 e lode
31

Quality Assurance
From2006:ANVUR (A F 2006 ANVUR (AgenziaNazionaleValutazionedel i N i l V l t i d l sistemaUniversitarioedellaRicerca)
Yearly evaluation of efficiency and efficacy of University activities and of public or private research institutions when publicly financed Di ti Directing,coordinatingandsupervisingevaluationactivities di ti d ii l ti ti iti assignedtotheindividualEvaluationBoardsofuniversitiesand researchinstitutions research institutions TheresultsofANVURevaluationareabenchmarkforstate financingofUniversities&ResearchInstitutes g
32

Operational rules
Criteria and methods for evaluation recognised at international Criteriaandmethodsforevaluationrecognisedatinternational level,
EuropeanCouncilinLisbon,2000 actionswithintheBolognaProcesstowardstheEHEA communicationoftheBergeninterministerialconference,2005.

TheAgencydeterminesthosequalitativeandqualitative criteriaintermsofstablehuman,infrastructuralandfinancial resources,adequacyofteachingandresearchcapability,which resources adequacy of teaching and research capability which shouldbemetwhensettingupuniversitiesandprogrammes. TheAgencyperformstheperiodicaccreditation ofUniversity The Agency performs the periodic accreditation of University educationalstructuresonthebasisof
Selfevaluations Inspections
33

The framework
Quality Areas
A Needs & objectives B Educational process C Resources D Monitoring Monitoring, Analysis & Improvement E Organisation system

Quality Requirements
(n. 3) profession, competencies, learning outcomes (n. 5) contents, methods, prei it l i requisites, planning, assessment ( (n 4) faculty, staff, equipment & ) y q p infrastructure, services & student support (n. (n 3) resources & processes processes, student progression and results, continuous improvement (n. 4) management, processes, review, public information

ENQA standards
1.2 Approval, monitoring & periodic review of p Programmes and awards 1.3 Assessment of students 1.4 Quality assurance of teaching staff 1.5 Learning resources & student support 1.6 Information systems 1.1 1 1 Policy & procedures for quality assurance 1.7 Public information

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Indicators
Efficiency
Facultycommitment Creditsandstudentprogression,numberofstudents enrolled,attendingclassesandgraduated

Efficacy
Assessmentofpreviousknowledgeatenrolment, Studentsatisfactiononteachingmodules, DegreeholderssatisfactiononProgrammes, Jobplacement1,3,5yearsaftergraduation

35

The ICT educational offer at the University of T t U i it f Trento

36

About Trento

37

Educational offer in ICT @ UNITN

ICTInternationalDoctoralSchool(Ph.D) 13ResearchPrograms(3years)
Honors Programin Research Research (Research andPhD oriented) MasterinNanoand MasterinHuman MicroElectro LanguageTechnology mechanicalSystems andInterfaces

Mediumof instruction: English English

MasterofScience/Laureamagistrale(2years)in: TelecommunicationsEngineering p ComputerScience

MasterinTechnologiesfor Master in Technologies for egovernment(1year)

Bachelor /Laurea(3years)in El ElectronicandTelecommunications E i i dT l i i Engineering i ComputerScience InformationandManagementEngineering

Mediumof instruction: i t ti Italian 38

M.S. curricula and T-shaped training

Wethinkthatstudents
Mustknowthedetailsofsome part Mustunderstandtheoverall p picture

Foundationrequirements
buildingthebasics

DepthRequirements
understandinganarea

Breadthrequirement
broadeningtheirhorizon

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Further objectives and possibilities

Promotecontactswiththeindustrialworld Internationalization(bothinandout) Preparationforacareeratcuttingedge Examples ErasmusProgram@Universities
Courses can be taken in partner Universities CoursescanbetakeninpartnerUniversities Thesiscanalsobedoneinpartneruniversity

DoubleDegreeProgram
50%ofthecourses/creditsaredoneinaselectedpartneruniversityand thenajointdegreeisissuedbybothpartners A special selection take place Aspecialselectiontakeplace
40

The M.S. in Computer Science

ComprehensiveRequirements(=12ECTS)
Anintroductiontomathematicsandeconomics.

FoundationsRequirements(12ECTS)
Anintroductiontothefoundationofthediscipline

DepthRequirements(18ECTS)
A good knowledge of an area Agoodknowledgeofanarea

BreadthRequirements(approx1824ECTS)
A broad vision of different topics taken from somewhere else Abroadvisionofdifferenttopicstakenfromsomewhereelse

ElectivesCourses(FreeChoice)(=24ECTS) Stage+Thesis(=6+24ECTS)
41

Comprehensive requirements
Theonlytwocompulsorycourses
Unlessothergapsexist

TheoryofComputation 1 sem.(6credits)
Do we know what can be actually computed and what is simply Doweknowwhatcanbeactuallycomputedandwhatissimply impossibletobecomputed?

Economics & Management 1 sem. (6 credits) Economics&Management 1 sem.(6credits)

Howtosystematicallyexploretheimportantelementsin managingcompanies g g p ThiscourseistogetherwithcolleaguesoftheFacultyof TelecommunicationsEngineering
42

Foundational requirements
Computationalcomplexity 1st sem.(6credits)
Canwecomputeefficiently?Whatifweconsider notonlytimeandmemory,butrandomnessand advice?

Mathematicallogic 2nd sem.(6credits)

Logic is the calculusofcomputerScience.Here Logicisthe calculus of computer Science Here welearnhowtorepresentandmodelcomputer systems y

FormalMethods 2nd sem.(12credits)

Here how to formally prove properties of systems Here,howtoformallyprovepropertiesofsystems.
43

Depth & Breadth requirements

Specializationareas
BIOINFORMATICS&SEMANTICS 3courses INTERNETTECHNOLOGY 4courses INFORMATIONPROCESSING 4courses DATAMANAGEMENT 4courses DATA MANAGEMENT 4 DESIGNANDENGINEERING 5courses EMBEDDEDSYSTEMS 4courses EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 4 courses

EligibleCourses(mixofotherICTtopics) C t i t f Constraintsforcomplianceare li
30ECTSinInformationEngineering 24 ECTS in theoretical disciplines of Computer Science 24ECTSintheoreticaldisciplinesofComputerScience
44

An example of a curriculum: embedded system

DepthRequirements
Signal and Systems (6) SignalandSystems(6) Lab.ofEmbeddedControlSys(6) RealTime Op Sys and Middleware (6) RealTimeOp.SysandMiddleware(6)

Breadth Requirements
AdvancedProcessingSystemsandArchitectures(6) g y ( ) AdvancedNetworking(6) DistributedSystems(6)

SomeElectiveCourses
WebArchitectures(6) SecurityEngineering(6)
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The M.S. Program in TLC Engineering - 1

1 year 1 semester
Course name Digital signal processing Elective specialization course Economics and management Italian Language (A1a) Optimization techniques for TLC (if you do not want to attend Pattern Recognition) Credits B C 6 6 6 6 6 6 D E F HOURS 60 60 60 50

30

Comprehensive requirements Foundation requirements Depth requirements Breadth requirements

46

The M.S. Program in TLC Engineering - 2

1 year 2 semester
Course name Embedded Electronic Systems Wired communications systems and devices Communication Systems (2 parts) Pattern Recognition (if you do not want to attend Optimization techniques for TLC) Italian Language (A1b) Credits B C D E F HOURS 9 9 12 3 9 12 3 9 90 90 120 30 50

Comprehensive requirements Foundation requirements Depth requirements Breadth requirements

47

The M.S. Program in TLC Engineering - 3

2 year 1 semester
Course name Antennas for wireless communications Electronics for telecommunications Distributed Systems Elective specialization course Credits B C D E F HOURS 9 9 6 6 9 9 6 6 90 90 60 60

Comprehensive requirements Foundation requirements Depth requirements Breadth requirements

48

The M.S. Program in TLC Engineering - 4

2 year 2 semester
Course name Multimedia networking Elective specialization course Elective specialization course Internship Final Project/Dissertation/ Defense Credits B C D E F HOURS 9 6 6 3 15 15 9 6 6 3 90 60 60 30 -

Comprehensive requirements Foundation requirements Depth D h requirements i Breadth requirements

49

Depth & Breadth requirements

Specializationareas:
ELECTRONICS ELECTROMAGNETICFIELDSANDTECHNIQUES TELECOMMUNICATIONSANDSIGNALPROCESSING NETWORKING

Every specializing direction offers 3 5 elective courses Everyspecializingdirectionoffers35electivecourses (mostofthemarealternativelyactiveevery2years) C t i t f l l Constraintsforlegalcomplianceare: li

45B(TLC+Electromagneticfields)65credits 30C50credits
50

The EIT curriculum - 1

E EuropeanInstituteofInnovationandTechnology I i fI i dT h l
AjointdegreebetweenBerlin,Eindhoven,Helsinki,Paris, Stokholm,Trento St kh l T t StrongfocusonInnovationandEntrepreneurship(I&E) DegreeitselfonlyavailableforstudentsselectedbyEIT i lf l il bl f d l db I

ComputerSciencecourses
MostcoursesavailabletoallTrentostudents Trentohastwocurricula:ServiceDesignandEngineering andEmbeddedSystems

SomespecialactivityonlyforEITstudents
Summerandwintercampswithcompanies
51

The EIT curriculum - 2

I&EThesis

TechnicalSpecialization Technical Specialization withthematicrelevance

Thematicallyorientedand industrybasedthesiswork

CentrallyorganizedSummer ProgramwithI&Eandthematicfocus

Secondyearin UniversityYat N d B NodeB: Exitpoint Specialization+ thesis thesis Mobility p phase

Introduc ctory week

TechnicalCommon Base
BasicI&E Course

WinterSchool Business DevelopmentLab

Electives

Firstyearin UniversityX atNodeA: tN d A Entrypoint

Acommonstructure:30ECTSI&E(minor)combinedwith90 technicalECTS(major)

52

The E&I minor

1st semester
Int troduction Week

2nd semester
Win Schoo nter ol
Business Development Lab (7-10 ECTS)
Coordinating projects Being aware of diverse obstacles Phases of business development Product conceptualizations &designs Identifying market opportunities Distinguishing business strategies Working in multi-disciplinary teams.

Basics (5-8 ECTS)

Processes and roles involved in d l i developing an id / idea/new company Customers and markets Business organization p Basic entrepreneurial finance Management and HR.

1st year
Summer Program (9 ECTS)
Understanding how technology and innovation interact with society Realizing ethical and sustainability considerations when developing new products Conducting a market and/or financial forecast transfer, Distinguishing different types of technology transfer phases of R&D management Understanding global/market trends and recognizing their relative importance Improving student leadership skills Understanding the external business environment.

2nd year

Minor Thesis (6 ECTS)

53

Conclusions
Inspiteofadifficulteconomiccondition,demand forICTprofessionalsisexpectedtogrow Paradox1:severalpositionsavailable,butnot enoughgraduates enough graduates Paradox2:companieswantflexibleandwell trainedprofessionals difficulttradeoff Future ICT educational models should consist of FutureICTeducationalmodelsshouldconsistof multipleparallelpathstomeetdifferentneeds UNITNismovinginthisdirection(e.g.EITvsCS)
54

Thank you!

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