Earth Structures

Lecture-4 04-07-2012

Dr. Zia-ur-Rehman
Email: gzia718@ hotmail.com Cell: 0300-4927158

Submerged Slopes

Submerged Slopes
In case of water retaining embankments, such as earth dams/ canal banks, a part or all of the slope may be submerged. Figure shows a partially submerged slope from which it may be deduced that the moment about O of the half segment EFH exactly balances that in FGH. Thus the net water pressure moment is zero, providing the soil is saturated. This being the case, the weight of that portion of the slip mass below EFG (the external water level) is calculated on the basis of submerged unit weight. The bulk unit weight is still used for the portion above EFG.
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Submerged Slopes

In effect, the water resting on the submerged part of the slope provides an additional component of resistance moment, so that the FoS increases as the water level rises and decreases as it falls.
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Problem-Submerged Slopes

Problem-Submerged Slopes
The slope of a water-retaining embankment is 1V:2H and the vertical height is 10 m. The soil is fully saturated and has an undrained cohesion of 30 kPa and unit weight of 18 kN/m3. Determine the FoS against shear failure along the trial circle shown in figure: a)When the water level is at the toe of the slope and b)When the water level is 6 m above the toe.

Problem-Submerged Slopes
For zone A (FBDE), AA: 41.92 m2, dA : 13.00 m For zone B (AED), AB: 144.11 m2, dB : 4.44 m Sector angle: 83.07 degrees R=[(8+3)2 + (6+4+10)2]1/2= 22.83 m Tension crack depth: Zo = 2*30/18=3.33 m Hydraulic thrust in tension crack: Pw =(1/2) 9.81* 3.332 =54.4 kN/m Lever arm of hydraulic thrust yc =10+2*3.33/3 = 12.22 m

Problem-Submerged Slopes
(a) When water level is at toe
From Equation , cu r 2 F= W A d A + W B d B + Pw y c = 180 41 .92 18 13 .00 + 144 .11 18 4 .44 + 54 .4 12 .22 30 22 .83 2 83 .07

= 1 .03

Problem-Submerged Slopes
(a) When water level is 6 m above the toe
From Equation , cu r 2 F= W A d A + W B d B + Pw y c = 180 41 .92 18 13 .00 + 144 .11 (18 9 .81) 4 .44 + 54 .4 12 .22 30 22 .83 2 83 .07

= 1 .44

Problem-Undrained Stability Analyses with Surcharge

A 45 slope is excavated to a depth of 8m in a deep layer of saturated clay of unit weight 19 kN/m3: the relevant shear strength parameters are cu=65 kN/m2 and u=0. Area ABCD= 70 m2. Determine the factor of safety for the trial failure surface specified in Figure.
20 kN/m2

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Problem-Undrained Stability Analyses with Surcharge

Disturbing Moment Due to gravity load W= 70x19=1330 kN/m Md1 = Wd=5985 kN-m/m
20 kN/m2

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Problem-Undrained Stability Analyses with Surcharge

Disturbing Moment Due to surcharge Md2= 20x8x(4+3.5) = 1200 kN-m/m
20 kN/m2

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Problem-Undrained Stability Analyses with Surcharge

Disturbing Moment Md= Md1 +Md2 =5985+ 1200 = 7185 kN-m/m
20 kN/m2

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Problem-Undrained Stability Analyses with Surcharge

Resisting Moment La=r=18.8m Mr =cu La r=14786 kN-m/m
20 kN/m2

F= Mr / Md =14786/7185 =2.06
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Topics for Presentation/Report

S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Topic Effect of earthquakes on slope stability Laboratory determination of shear strength In-situ determination of shear strength Stabilization of slopes Causes of failure of earth dams Mangla Dam raising Seepage problems and control in earth dams Geotechnical investigation for dams An overview of Earth Dams in Pakistan Principles of design of rockfill dams Name of student Mr. Ayaz Rasheed Mr. Aqeel Ahmed Mr. Fawad Shahid Mr. Faizan Ahmed Syed Muhammad Fazlerabbi Mr. Ziaullah Mr. Imad Nadeem Nisar Mr. Muhammad Jawad Patel Mr. Nadeem Manzoor Shah Mr. Muhammad Umair Farooq

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