1.

CALIBRATION OF VERNIER CALIPER

Aim:
To study and calibrate the measuring instrument Vernier Caliper by using slip gauges.

Apparatus required:
Vernier caliper Slip gauges

Specification:
Range: Least count (LC):

Study: 1. Vernier Caliper

The principle of Vernier is that two scales of different sizes are used to measure the dimensions in high accuracy. The vernier caliper has two steel rules which slide each other. One of the longer scales is named as main scale which is graduated on a solid L-shaped frame. The Vernier Caliper consists of three elements such as beam, fixed jaw and sliding jaw or movable jaw. The movable jaw slides over the main scale according to the dimension of the specimen to be measured. Before starting measurement, we should ensure, the scale checked for zero reading when two measuring jaws are in contact with each other. During measurement, the fine adjustment of the movable jaw is done by adjusting the clamping screw. At the same, both jaws should touch the part to be measured during measurement. Least Count is the smallest length that can be measured accurately and is equal to the difference between a main scale division and a Vernier scale division. LEAST COUNT (LC) = 1 Main scale division (MSD) 1 Vernier scale division (VSD) It is used to measure the external diameter, the internal diameter and the length of the given specimen.

2. Slip gauges
Slip Gauges are used as measuring blocks. It is also called as precision gauge blocks. They are made of hardened alloy steel of rectangular cross-section. The surfaces of slip gauges are made to a high degree of accuracy. The distance between two opposite faces indicates the size of the gauge. But all slip gauges are made to same thickness to perform wringing. Wringing or Sliding is nothing but combining the faces of slip gauges one over the other. Due to adhesion property of slip gauges, they will stick together. This is because of very high degree of surface finish of the measuring faces. They are used in

comparators and sine bars. They are mainly used as testing and calibrating instruments in metrology.

Formula used:
1. Vernier scale reading (VSR) = Vernier Scale Coincidence (VSC) x LC 2. Total reading = Main Scale Reading (MSR) + Vernier Scale Reading (VSR)

Procedure for calibration:

1. Clean the Vernier caliper fixed and movable jaws, and Slip gauge to be measured with a fine cotton Cloth 2. The range of the Vernier Caliper is noted down. Within that range, slip gauges are selected. 3. The Vernier Caliper is set for zero and the slip gauges are placed one by one between the measuring points (jaws of the instruments). 4. The slip gauge (actual) readings and the corresponding (observed) readings in the Vernier caliper is noted down and tabulated. 5. Plot the graph between a. Actual value and Observed value. b. Actual value and Absolute error.

TABULATION: Slip gauge reading (actual) in mm Vernier caliper readings (observed) in mm MSR (mm) VSR (Div) TR (mm) % Error

S.No.

1 2 3 4 5

Result:
Thus, the Vernier caliper is studied and calibrated. Calibration graphs are then drawn for a) Actual value and Observed value b) Actual value and Percentage of error